TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When foveal detachment occurs in eyes with MF [myopic foveoschisis], surgery is necessary to prevent further deterioration. Vitrectomy and complete ILM peeling have been suggested to flatten the retina, but postoperative MH [macular holes] has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of cases. ILM peeling removes the Müller cone cells, which form the base of the fovea and serve as a plug that binds the photoreceptor cells in the foveola and supports the foveola structurally. The stretched retina in a highly myopic eye can easily induce a MH without this structure. To prevent postoperative MH, fovea-sparing ILM peeling was introduced. Studies have shown that this technique can prevent MH formation very effectively. A piece of ILM is preserved in the center of fovea to prevent damage to the Müller cone cells during surgery...  3, record 1, English, - fovea%2Dsparing%20internal%20limiting%20membrane%20peeling

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la technique de pelage de la MLI avec épargne fovéolaire. Le pelage de la MLI est initié à distance du centre de la fovéa [...] Le pelage de la MLI est ensuite poursuivi jusqu'à ce que le volet se rapproche de la fovéa [...] Il est alors interrompu et initié à nouveau sur un nouveau site à distance du centre de la fovéa [...] Le pelage est poursuivi en répétant l'opération à chaque fois que le volet se rapproche de la fovéa, de façon à peler la MLI sur l'ensemble de la surface maculaire en épargnant le centre de la fovéa [...] Les reliquats de MLI sont disséqués puis coupés à l'aide du vitréotome [...]  3, record 1, French, - pelage%20de%20la%20membrane%20limitante%20interne%20avec%20%C3%A9pargne%20fov%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le pelage de limitante interne avec épargne fovéolaire comme technique chirurgicale [...] a notamment prouvé toute son efficacité dans le traitement des fovéoschisis du myope fort.  4, record 1, French, - pelage%20de%20la%20membrane%20limitante%20interne%20avec%20%C3%A9pargne%20fov%C3%A9olaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical oceanography is the study of everything about the chemistry of the ocean and is based on the distribution and dynamics of elements, isotopes, atoms and molecules. This ranges from fundamental physical, thermodynamic and kinetic chemistry to two-way interactions of ocean chemistry with biological, geological and physical processes.  2, record 2, English, - chemical%20oceanography

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Chemical oceanography can be further divided into marine chemistry(studies... chemical constituents of seawater) and marine geochemistry(studies geological processes, the chemistry of ocean floor, and the role of microbes in the formation or alteration of the ocean's geology).  3, record 2, English, - chemical%20oceanography

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the study of the chemical composition and chemical processes of the world’s oceans.  3, record 3, English, - marine%20chemistry

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical oceanography can be further divided into marine chemistry(studies... chemical constituents of seawater) and marine geochemistry(studies geological processes, the chemistry of ocean floor, and the role of microbes in the formation or alteration of the ocean's geology).  4, record 3, English, - marine%20chemistry

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude de la composition chimique et des processus chimiques du milieu marin.  3, record 3, French, - chimie%20marine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other methods can also be applied to determine the value of the concentration threshold such as referring to the performance of specific statistical models. More population-based studies in various regions using their specific air pollution threshold are recommended, and future studies are required to further explore the determination of the concentration threshold of air pollution.  3, record 4, English, - air%20pollution%20threshold

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A study to evaluate the effects of exposure to a given intervention or factor, in which the subjects are divided into groups that are exposed or not exposed to the intervention or factor of interest before the outcomes have occurred.  3, record 5, English, - prospective%20study

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Randomized controlled trials are always prospective, but case‑control studies never are. Cohort studies may be prospective or retrospective.  3, record 5, English, - prospective%20study

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A cohort study may be a prospective study, but a prospective study is not necessarily a cohort study : a cohort study involves a methodology, i. e. comparison, that is not necessarily common to all prospective studies. The qualifier “prospective, ” without further details, indicates only the study's temporal direction.  3, record 5, English, - prospective%20study

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

prospective study: term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  4, record 5, English, - prospective%20study

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude visant à évaluer les effets de l'exposition à une intervention ou à un facteur donné et dans laquelle les sujets sont divisés en groupes exposés et non exposés à l’intervention ou au facteur étudié avant que les résultats ne soient produits.  3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9tude%20prospective

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les essais cliniques randomisés sont toujours prospectifs; par contre, les études cas/témoins ne le sont jamais. Les études de cohortes peuvent être prospectives ou rétrospectives.  3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9tude%20prospective

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Une étude de cohorte peut être une étude prospective, mais une étude prospective n’est pas nécessairement une étude de cohorte : en effet, l’étude de cohorte comporte une méthodologie – la comparaison – qui n’est pas forcément commune à toutes les études prospectives; le qualificatif «prospective», sans précisions complémentaires, indique uniquement l’orientation temporelle de l’étude.  3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9tude%20prospective

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

étude prospective : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  4, record 5, French, - %C3%A9tude%20prospective

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Further research into the health risks associated with viruses in water and soil is necessary. These studies should include the development and evaluation of methods of detecting viruses and alternative indicators of virus pollution... and the improvement of treatment methods for the inactivation and removal of viruses from water and wastewater.  3, record 6, English, - viral%20pollution

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aucune des méthodes de traitement courantes des eaux d'égout n'élimine à coup sûr les virus et, par conséquent, la plupart des virus, beaucoup plus infectieux que les bactéries, contaminent les eaux de surface. L'élimination des eaux domestiques et de matières solides sur le sol peut entraîner la pollution virale des eaux souterraines.  2, record 6, French, - pollution%20virale

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Its] mission is to inspire young people to pursue further studies and careers in the field of science, technology and engineering. [Its] vision is of a world which celebrates success in science, technology and engineering and in which young people dream of becoming science and technology heroes. [It pursues its] mission primarily through running robotics competitions for school-age students at the elementary, junior high school and senior high school level.  2, record 7, English, - FIRST%20Robotics%20Canada

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two decades of culture-independent studies have confirmed that microbial communities represent the most complex and concentrated pool of phylogenetic diversity on the planet. There remains a need for innovative molecular tools that can further our knowledge of microbial diversity and its functional implications. We present the method and application of serial analysis of ribosomal sequence tags(SARST) as a novel tool for elucidating complex microbial communities, such as those found in soils and sediments. Serial analysis of ribosomal sequence tags uses a series of enzymatic reactions to amplify and ligate ribosomal sequence tags(RSTs) from bacterial small subunit rRNA gene(SSU rDNA) V1-regions into concatemers that are cloned and sequenced.  2, record 8, English, - serial%20analysis%20of%20ribosomal%20sequence%20tags

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les techniques faisant partie du séquençage à haut débit comprennent l'analyse sériée d'étiquettes de séquences ribosomiques (SARST) et les plateformes de séquençage de la prochaine génération comme le pyroséquençage 454, l'Illumina et le séquençage par ligation (SOLiD). Ces méthodes génèrent des milliers de séquences, permettant une grosse couverture de la diversité bactérienne.  3, record 8, French, - analyse%20s%C3%A9ri%C3%A9e%20d%27%C3%A9tiquettes%20de%20s%C3%A9quences%20ribosomiques

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The results indicate that arsenite alone is mutagenic in human cells using the supF reporter gene. The pZ189 shuttle vector may provide a model to study the molecular nature of co-mutagenesis of arsenic and other environmental agents. Further characterization of arsenic' s effects on DNA repair and mutational spectra may be useful in the development of molecular markers in studies of arsenic carcinogenesis in human populations.  2, record 9, English, - shuttle%20vector

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vecteur capable de se répliquer soit dans une bactérie, soit dans une cellule eucaryote, grâce à deux origines de réplication appropriées.  2, record 9, French, - vecteur%20navette

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plásmido capaz de replicarse en dos organismos hospedadores distintos porque contiene dos puntos de origen de replicación [...]  1, record 9, Spanish, - vector%20lanzadera

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The branch of nanotechnology that deals with biological and biochemical applications or uses. Nanobiotechnology often studies existing elements of living organisms and nature to fabricate new nano-devices. Generally, nanobiotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to further the goals of biotechnology.  1, record 10, English, - nanobiotechnology

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Bionanotechnology is the intersection of biology and nanotechnology. Bionanotechnology is a broad and somewhat vague term ... which usually refers, more specifically, to the use of nanotechnological devices for applications in biotechnology. Bionanotechnology may also refer to the use of biomolecules for applications in nanotechnology. A major example of this is DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] nanotechnology, which uses self-assembling nucleic acid structures to control matter at the nanoscale.  5, record 10, English, - nanobiotechnology

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Domaine de la nanotechnologie intéressé par la mise au point de techniques dédiées à la manipulation et à l'étude des organismes vivants, ou dans lequel des organismes vivants ou la reproduction de leurs mécanismes de fonctionnement servent à la nanofabrication de matériaux ou de dispositifs aux propriétés novatrices.  2, record 10, French, - nanobiotechnologie

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rama de la nanotecnología basada en el uso de estructuras biológicas tales como las proteínas ATP’s [adenin-tri-fosfatido], [ADN], etcétera, [para construir estructuras, materiales o instrumentos nanométricos].  2, record 10, Spanish, - nanobiotecnolog%C3%ADa

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El Instituto para la Nanobiotecnología de la Universidad Johns Hopkins menciona que ésta rama de las ciencias busca nuevas soluciones a los apremiantes problemas de salud y ambientales, mediante la combinación de las ciencias físicas e ingenierías en conjunción con las ciencias de la vida y la medicina.  3, record 10, Spanish, - nanobiotecnolog%C3%ADa

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Frecuentemente llamada tecnología húmeda-seca, donde el término "húmeda" pertenece a los componentes biológicos y la parte "seca" se corresponde a la ingeniería de nanopartículas inorgánicas.  2, record 10, Spanish, - nanobiotecnolog%C3%ADa

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the request of the parties, the ICC was also mediating disputes, assisting the parties in arranging for further mediation, and acting as a coordinator for the various studies undertaken by the parties to support negotiations.  1, record 11, English, - mediating%20dispute

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Report on the Mediation of the Kahkewistahaw First Nation 1907 Surrender Claim (Jan. 2003).  1, record 11, English, - mediating%20dispute

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la demande des parties, la CRI s'est aussi chargée de faire la médiation des différends, d'aider les parties à obtenir d'autres services de médiation, et elle a coordonné les diverses études réalisées par les parties à l'appui des négociations.  1, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9diation%20d%27un%20diff%C3%A9rend

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rapport de médiation sur la revendication de la Première Nation de Kahkewistahaw relative à la cession de 1907 (Janv. 2003).  1, record 11, French, - m%C3%A9diation%20d%27un%20diff%C3%A9rend

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A piece of industrial or laboratory equipment that consists of a container, or bath, used for cleaning, or mixing things inserted into the bath, by means of sending ultrasonic vibrations through the liquid in the bath.  4, record 12, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sonication is the act of applying sound (usually ultrasound) energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes. In the laboratory, it is usually applied using an ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe, colloquially known as a sonicator. ... Sonication can be used to speed dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions. ... In biological applications, sonication may be sufficient to disrupt or deactivate a biological material. ... Sonication is commonly used in nanotechnology for evenly dispersing nanoparticles in liquids. Sonication can also be used to initiate crystallisation processes and even control polymorphic crystallisations. ... Sonication is the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning; loosening particles adhering to surfaces. Outside the field of laboratory science, sonicating baths are used to clean objects such as spectacles and jewelry. Sonication is also used to extract microfossils from rock.  5, record 12, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sonication with a bath type sonicator resulted in relatively small enhancements of TOC [total organic carbon] removal but further studies with cup-horn sonication showed that TOC removal increased with higher intensity of sonication.  2, record 12, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bac à ultrasons. C’est le premier matériel a avoir été utilisé en sonochimie. Ce bac, le plus souvent rectangulaire, est généralement commercialisé à des fins de nettoyage. Il se décline en différentes tailles et fréquences. Des capacités de 0,5 à 300 L sont commercialisées. Les puissances correspondantes vont de 40 à 2 000 W [watts]. Compte tenu de l’application majeure qu’est le nettoyage, les fréquences couramment disponibles sont comprises entre 20 et 45 kHz [kilohertzs]. Des options classiques telle la possibilité de fonctionner en continu ou de créer des séquences répétitives de fonctionnement et d’arrêt (mode pulsé) sont proposées en série. [...] Le liquide irradié est selon le cas celui contenu dans le bac (irradiation directe) ou dans un récipient immergé dans le bac (irradiation indirecte) (figure 15). Dans ce dernier cas, le liquide du bac assure la transmission de l’onde ultrasonore.  2, record 12, French, - bac%20%C3%A0%20ultrasons

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Deux types d’équipements sont couramment utilisés dans les laboratoires. Le premier est le bac à ultrasons qui est peu onéreux et trouve de nombreuses applications pour la préparation d'échantillons, l'homogénéisation, la dispersion, le dégazage et le nettoyage (Figure 44). Il génère des fréquences comprises entre 25 et 50 kHz [kilohertzs] et des puissances acoustiques de 1 à 5 [watt(s)].cm[centimère exposant -2]. Ce type d’instrumentation possède l’avantage d’être simple à utiliser mais nécessite l’emploi d’un contenant pour le mélange à traiter qui va agir comme amortisseur de l’effet des ultrasons qui ne pourront agir que de manière indirecte. Le second appareillage est la sonde à ultrasons.  3, record 12, French, - bac%20%C3%A0%20ultrasons

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who takes notes.  2, record 13, English, - note%2Dtaker

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some further studies have involved the manipulation of the number of words written down by note-takers.  4, record 13, English, - note%2Dtaker

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne qui fournit un texte (écrit ou transcrit au moyen d’un clavier) des principaux messages transmis au cours des présentations et des discussions.  3, record 13, French, - preneur%20de%20notes

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Canadian Northern Studies Trust(CNST) is the student awards program of the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies(ACUNS). It was established in 1982 to further the Association's mandate to advance knowledge and understanding of Canada's North by offering student awards for exceptional northern-based research. The purpose of the CNST is to foster scholars and scientists with northern experience and at the same time to enhance educational opportunities available for northern residents to obtain post-secondary education at Canadian colleges and universities.  2, record 14, English, - Canadian%20Northern%20Studies%20Trust

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Fiduciaire canadienne d’études nordiques (FCEN) a été établi en 1982 par l'Association universitaire canadienne d'études nordiques (AUCEN) pour administrer les bourses et les prix qu’elle offre et qui reflètent l’engagement de l’association à faire avancer les recherches dans le Nord et sur le Nord. L’objectif de la FCEN est de contribuer au développement d’un groupe de chercheurs et de scientifiques ayant une expérience nordique et en même temps d’améliorer les possibilités d’études offertes aux résidents du Nord.  2, record 14, French, - Fiduciaire%20canadienne%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20nordiques

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The acceptance as a valid credential [of a foreign certificate, diploma or degree of higher education] by the competent authorities in a Contracting State and the granting to its holder of rights enjoyed by persons who possess a national certificate, diploma or degree with which the foreign one is assessed as comparable.  2, record 15, English, - recognition%20of%20diplomas

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[This] recognition is further defined as follows :(a) Recognition of a certificate, diploma or degree with a view to undertaking or pursuing studies at the higher level shall enable the holder to be considered for entry to the higher educational and research institutions of any Contracting State as if he were the holder of a comparable certificate, diploma or degree issued in the Contracting State concerned. Such recognition does not exempt the holder of the foreign certificate, diploma or degree from complying with the conditions(other than those relating to the holding of a diploma) which may be required for admission to the higher educational or research institution concerned of the receiving State.(b) Recognition of a foreign certificate, diploma or degree with a view to the practice of a profession is recognition of the professional preparation of the holder for the practice of the profession concerned, without prejudice, however, to the legal and professional rules or procedures in force in the Contracting States concerned. Such recognition does not exempt the holder of the foreign certificate, diploma or degree from complying with any other conditions for the practice of the profession concerned which may be laid down by the competent governmental or professional authorities.  2, record 15, English, - recognition%20of%20diplomas

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La législation communautaire a prévu une reconnaissance automatique des diplômes par l'application de directives sectorielles pour quelques professions relevant essentiellement du domaine médical ou paramédical. Pour les autres professions réglementées, la Commission des Communautés européennes a adopté deux directives [...] instituant un système général de reconnaissance des diplômes. Celles-ci permettent à toute personne pleinement qualifiée d'obtenir la reconnaissance de ses qualifications professionnelles acquises dans son pays d'origine, aux fins d'exercer la profession réglementée dans un autre État membre. Ces deux directives n'établissent pas un régime de reconnaissance automatique des diplômes, le migrant pouvant être soumis à des "mesures compensatoires" en cas de différences substantielles constatées entre la formation qu'il a reçue et celle requise afin de pouvoir exercer dans le pays d'accueil. Il existe dans chaque État membre un nombre restreint de professions réglementées.  2, record 15, French, - reconnaissance%20des%20dipl%C3%B4mes

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le Centre d'information canadien sur les diplômes internationaux a été mis sur pied en 1990 à la suite de la ratification par le Canada de la Convention de l'UNESCO [Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture] sur la reconnaissance des études et des diplômes relatifs à l'enseignement supérieur dans les États de la région de l'Europe, pour aider le Canada à s'acquitter de ses obligations aux termes de cette entente, qui vise à encourager une reconnaissance plus large des diplômes et qualifications professionnelles dans le but de favoriser la mobilité internationale.  3, record 15, French, - reconnaissance%20des%20dipl%C3%B4mes

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] Aceptación por las autoridades competentes de un Estado Contratante como válido [de un diploma, título o grado de educación superior obtenido en el extranjero] y el otorgamiento a los titulares de dichos diplomas, títulos o grados de los derechos de que gozan las personas titulares de un diploma, título o grado nacional con respecto al cual se considera comparable el diploma, título o grado extranjero.  2, record 15, Spanish, - reconocimiento%20de%20t%C3%ADtulos

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A este respecto, el reconocimiento se define [también] de la manera siguiente: a) El reconocimiento de un diploma, título o grado con miras a iniciar o continuar estudios de nivel superior permitirá que se tome en cuenta la candidatura del titular interesado para su admisión en las instituciones de educación superior y de investigación de cualquier Estado Contratante, como si fuera titular de un diploma, título o grado comparable otorgado en el Estado Contratante interesado. Tal reconocimiento no dispensa al titular del diploma, título o grado extranjero de cumplir las condiciones que (además de las relativas a la posesión del diploma), hayan podido prescribirse para la admisión en el centro de educación superior o de investigación de que se trate en el país de acogida. b) El reconocimiento de diploma, título o grado extranjeros para el ejercicio de la profesión de que se trate sin perjuicio de la aplicación de las disposiciones legales, normas y procedimientos vigentes en el Estado Contratante. Tal reconocimiento no dispensa al titular del diploma, título o grado extranjero de cumplir las demás condiciones que, para el ejercicio de la profesión de que se trate, hayan podido prescribir las autoridades gubernamentales o profesionales competentes.  2, record 15, Spanish, - reconocimiento%20de%20t%C3%ADtulos

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).  2, record 16, English, - Working%20Group%20on%20Trade%20and%20Competition

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The Working Group on Trade and Competition under NAFTA Article 1504("WG") is required to report to the NAFTA Commission on issues concerning the relationship between competition law and policy and trade in the free trade area no later than December 31, 1998, and to make recommendations on further work as appropriate. In this interim report, the WG describes its work accomplished to date and its workplan for the remainder of its five year mandate. The WG has undertaken its mandate via the generation of papers which address trade and competition issues in terms of :(i) setting out the contextual framework of the discussion,(ii) the comparison of competition laws, and(iii) specific issues relevant to trade and competition. The studies undertaken to date identify similarities and differences between the competition laws and policies of the three NAFTA Parties, and consider which, if any, of these differences may have implications for trade among the three contracting parties.  3, record 16, English, - Working%20Group%20on%20Trade%20and%20Competition

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Accord du libre-échange nord-américain (ALENA).  2, record 16, French, - Groupe%20de%20travail%20sur%20le%20commerce%20et%20la%20concurrence

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le groupe de travail sur le commerce et la concurrence établi en vertu de l'article 1504 (le «GT«) est tenu de faire rapport à la Commission de l'ALENA des questions concernant les rapports entre les lois et politiques en matière de concurrence et le commerce dans la zone de libre-échange au plus tard le 31 décembre 1998 et de formuler les recommandations sur les travaux supplémentaires qui pourront être appropriés. Dans le présent rapport, le GT fait état des travaux effectués à ce jour et de son plan de travail pour le reste de son mandat de cinq ans. Le GT a entrepris son mandat en produisant des études sur le commerce et la concurrence qui ont pour objet (i) de définir le cadre contextuel de la discussion, (ii) de comparer les lois sur la concurrence et (iii) d'examiner des aspects spécifiques du commerce et de la concurrence. Les études entreprises jusqu'ici identifient les similitudes et les différences entre les lois et les politiques sur la concurrence des trois Parties à l'ALENA et examinent si les différences recensées ont des incidences sur les échanges commerciaux entre les trois Parties.  3, record 16, French, - Groupe%20de%20travail%20sur%20le%20commerce%20et%20la%20concurrence

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tratado de Libre Comercio de Norte América.  1, record 16, Spanish, - Grupo%20de%20trabajo%20sobre%20Reglas%20de%20Competencia

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The Middle East Studies Association(MESA) is a non-political association that fosters the study of the Middle East, promotes high standards of scholarship and teaching, and encourages public understanding of the region and its peoples through programs, publications and services that enhance education, further intellectual exchange, recognize professional distinction, and defend academic freedom.  3, record 17, English, - Middle%20East%20Studies%20Association

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second group, to which the Bureau for Transport Studies belongs, as well, utilizes the microcensus data as input for further calculating planning bases; information on the number of people traveling in the same car is used for modeling the transport volumes(persons-kilometers).  5, record 18, English, - person%2Dkilometre

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre de kilomètres parcourus pendant un an par personne, multiplié par le nombre de personnes transportées.  1, record 18, French, - personne%2Dkilom%C3%A8tre

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Association of Centers for Federal Studies(IACFS) is an interdisciplinary association of Centers and Institutes throughout the world with interests in independent research and publication about political, constitutional, legal, administrative, fiscal, economic, historical and philosophical issues relevant to political systems which have federal features. The Association seeks to further the study and understanding of federal principles and patterns in all their variety.  1, record 19, English, - International%20Association%20of%20Centers%20for%20Federal%20Studies

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellation confirmée par le président, et professeur à l'Institut des relations intergouvernementales de la Queen's University.  2, record 19, French, - L%27Association%20internationale%20des%20centres%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20du%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'Association internationale des centres d'études du fédéralisme (IACFS) regroupe dans le monde des centres et des instituts privés de recherche et produisant des publications sur des questions politiques, constitutionnelles, juridiques, administratives, fiscales, économiques, historiques, et philosophiques liées aux systèmes politiques fédéraux ou ayant des aspects caractéristiques du fédéralisme. L'IACFS fut fondée en 1973 afin de développer l'étude et la compréhension des principes du fédéralisme et des formes diverses de la gouvernance fédérale.  1, record 19, French, - L%27Association%20internationale%20des%20centres%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20du%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

En contexte, l'usage le plus répandu consiste à mettre l'article qui accompagnerait le nom si celui-ci était traduit en français. «University» se traduisant par Université, nom féminin en français, l'article «la» serait normalement élidé du fait de la rencontre des deux voyelles (le «a» de la et le «U» de «University»). Par contre, pour des raisons d'euphonie (le son «l'iou» est désagréable à l'oreille), il est recommandé de ne pas élider l'article «la».  3, record 19, French, - L%27Association%20internationale%20des%20centres%20d%27%C3%A9tudes%20du%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Students start out at NSCAD [University] with two semesters of foundation studies, an opportunity that builds a broad base of experience and knowledge in the visual arts. A prerequisite to further study, the foundation year introduces you to the fundamentals of art, craft and design...  2, record 20, English, - foundation%20year

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NSCAD: Nova Scotia College of Arts and Design.  3, record 20, English, - foundation%20year

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Créé en 1968, le département d'animation du Emily Carr Institute of Art & Design (ECIAD) offre un programme de 3 ans qui accueille 45 étudiants - soit 15 personnes par niveau (en plus d'une année préparatoire obligatoire).  1, record 20, French, - ann%C3%A9e%20pr%C3%A9paratoire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bernard Diamant Prize, which offers professional Canadian classical singers under age 35 an opportunity to pursue their careers through further studies. The prize was created in 2001 with funds from a generous bequest to the Canada Council by the late Bernard Diamant, as well as through memorial gifts from a number of his friends, colleagues and former voice students. It is awarded in addition to a regular Canada Council grant to an outstanding young classical singer in the Council' s annual competition for Grants to Professional Musicians, classical music category.  1, record 21, English, - Bernard%20Diamant%20Prize

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Prix Bernard-Diamant qui donne aux chanteurs classiques professionnels canadiens de moins de 35 ans l'occasion de faire progresser leur carrière en poursuivant leurs études. Le prix d'une valeur de 5 000 $ a été créé en 2001, grâce à un généreux legs du regretté Bernard Diamant au Conseil des Arts, ainsi qu'à des dons commémoratifs faits par plusieurs de ses amis, collègues et anciens élèves en chant. Le prix s'ajoute à une subvention régulière attribuée par le Conseil des Arts à un jeune interprète de musique classique extrêmement doué, à l'occasion du concours annuel de son programme Subventions aux musiciens professionnels dans la catégorie musique classique.  1, record 21, French, - Prix%20Bernard%2DDiamant

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Consultations and studies have been ongoing with respect to the appointment of legal agents and the establishment of revised policies and procedures to further support operational demands while increasing management controls. Further to discussions with the Finance, Administration and Program Directorate, the delegation of signing authorities required to effectively support such management controls is documented accordingly in the revised Delegation of Financial Signing Authorities Chart and supporting notes.  2, record 22, English, - Delegation%20of%20Financial%20Signing%20Authorities%20Chart

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Ministère mène actuellement des consultations et des études sur la nomination des mandataires et l'établissement de nouvelles politiques et procédures afin d'être plus en mesure de répondre à la demande opérationnelle sans sacrifier les contrôles de gestion, au contraire. Par suite des discussions qui ont eu lieu avec la Direction des finances, de l'administration et des programmes, la délégation des pouvoirs de signature requis pour faciliter de tels contrôles de gestion est expliquée en conséquence dans la Charte de délégation des pouvoirs de signature en matière financière et dans les notes complémentaires.  2, record 22, French, - Charte%20de%20d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation%20des%20pouvoirs%20de%20signature%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20financi%C3%A8re

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source : Lexique du Conseil de recherches médicales, mai 1999.  1, record 22, French, - Charte%20de%20d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation%20des%20pouvoirs%20de%20signature%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20financi%C3%A8re

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«Tableau de délégation des pouvoirs de signature en matière de finances» est le terme recommandé par Statistiques Canada.  3, record 22, French, - Charte%20de%20d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation%20des%20pouvoirs%20de%20signature%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20financi%C3%A8re

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Further sonographic studies documented the amniotic band sequence(ABS) and transient oligohydramnios in the affected fetus. The latter finding supports the theory of amnion rupture followed by amniotic fluid leakage through an ineffective chorion barrier as the pathogenesis of compression related anomalies in this syndrome.  1, record 23, English, - amniotic%20fluid%20leakage

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans 2 cas, une fuite persistante du liquide amniotique a nécessité une césarienne en urgence. Deux autres patientes ont eu des petites pertes qui ont pu être enrayées par simple suture.  1, record 23, French, - fuite%20de%20liquide%20amniotique

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Intravenous Pyelogram(IVP). The most common of all urologic studies and is also commonly referred to as excretory urogram. It is a test that uses contrast agent(dye) that is injected into a vein to outline the kidneys, ureters and bladder on an X-ray. A urologist is likely to order this test if a patient complains of pain in their side, blood in the urine(hematuria) or any stone-related symptoms. It may also be utilized as a screening test to prompt your urologist to obtain another imaging test for further information.  1, record 24, English, - intravenous%20pyelogram

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pyélogramme intraveineux est un type d'examen radiologique utilisé pour examiner le système urinaire. Le patient reçoit une injection intraveineuse d'un produit opaque à base d'iode avant l'intervention. Une série d'images sont prises à des intervalles précis pour évaluer le fonctionnement et l'apparence des reins, de la vessie et des uretères (les tubes qui transportent l'urine des reins à la vessie).  1, record 24, French, - py%C3%A9logramme%20intraveineux

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intraveineux : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 24, French, - py%C3%A9logramme%20intraveineux

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two contracts were awarded for further studies of an "Earth Orbiting Teleoperator System, "and the X-ray telescope for the U. S. British "Skylark" project was shipped to Australia for launch in the spring of 1976.  3, record 25, English, - orbiting%20teleoperator

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

extraterrestre : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 25, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9op%C3%A9rateur%20extraterrestre

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Environmental Studies Association of Canada(ESAC) is a Learned Society formed in 1993 to further research and teaching activities in areas related to environmental studies in Canada. ESAC is a non-profit, federally incorporated, bilingual organization open to members from across Canada and elsewhere. Members are welcome from educational institutions, government agencies, and private sector and non-profit organizations.  1, record 26, English, - Environmental%20Studies%20Association%20of%20Canada

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... since no technique has yet been devised that will instantly reverse glycogen depletion in the muscles, it is impossible to prove that muscle glycogen depletion alone limits prolonged exercise performance.... Take the final 42k running leg of the 226k Ironman triathlon, for example : after cycling at 40k/hr for 4. 5 hrs the lead cyclists would be expected to have near total muscle glycogen depletion according to data from lab studies. Yet the best performers are able to run at close to 16k/hr for a further 160 mins!  2, record 27, English, - muscle%20glycogen%20depletion

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In short duration, high intensity events lasting between 60 and 90 minutes, an early fast pace leads to rapid muscle glycogen depletion and, should the event continue, to premature exhaustion.  3, record 27, English, - muscle%20glycogen%20depletion

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En fait, il n'y a pas un mur mais des murs. [...] Le premier est «la panne de glycogène musculaire». Le deuxième est «la panne de glucose sanguin». Le troisième est «le mur de la chaleur». Le «panne de glycogène musculaire» guette surtout les coureurs dont la performance est meilleure que 4 heures environ. Leur consommation de glycogène musculaire pendant la course excède en effet leur réserve normale. Pour ne pas frapper le mur ils doivent s'assurer de partir avec des réserves de glycogène supérieures à la normale. Ceci peut être le résultat de leur entraînement ou peut-être réalisé par un bon régime de surcharge de réserves de glycogène musculaires. Enfin, lorsque la panne de glycogène musculaire survient, il n'y a absolument rien à faire, vous devez ralentir considérablement votre vitesse. Manger de grandes quantités de sucre ne sert à rien.  1, record 27, French, - panne%20de%20glycog%C3%A8ne%20musculaire

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsqu'ils ressentent l'effet de fatigue soudaine causée par une panne de glycogène dans les muscles, les Français disent «toucher le mur» (d'après HAWIN-F,1985,,,40). Ils donnent ainsi à l'expression moins d'ampleur que ne lui en donne le Canada où «frapper le mur» est utilisé, peu importe lequel des 3 murs est frappé.  2, record 27, French, - panne%20de%20glycog%C3%A8ne%20musculaire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

EC; effect concentration: This [toxicological value] is generally followed by a number, which indicates the percentage of a population which experience the effect.  2, record 28, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Typical levels are EC 10, EC 25, EC 50, EC 75, EC 100. NOEC: No observable effect concentration; LOEC: Lowest observable effect concentration.  3, record 28, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Developing Hormosira banksii embryos, used as bioassays in toxicity studies, identified ammonium as a toxicant in secondary treated sewage effluent discharged at Boags Rocks, Victoria, Australia. Ammonium did not affect fertilization but had a significant effect on germination at 48 h and cell division at 72 h with most damage occurring in the first 48 h. Ammonium showed a similar effect as whole effluent(when expressed as mg N l^-1 ammonium), sampled in June, September and November 1997, on developing H. banksii embryos. This similarity is further confirmed with comparable EC₅₀(concentration causing an effect on 50% of the population tested) and LOEC(lowest observable effect concentration) values. Mean EC₅₀ values for the ammonium bioassays were 3. 19 mg N l^-1 for germination and 6. 14 mg N l^-1 for cell division.  4, record 28, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Effect concentration low (ECL), median effect concentration (EC50), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), threshold effect concentration (TEC).  5, record 28, English, - effect%20concentration

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration entraînant un effet à long terme.  2, record 28, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Concentration minimale produisant un effet.  3, record 28, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Évaluation du rapport dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). L'objectif est de déterminer la concentration en dessous de laquelle la substance ne devrait pas avoir d'effets indésirables sur la composante de l'environnement considérée. Cette concentration est dénommée concentration prévue sans effet (PNEC). Toutefois, il se peut que dans certains cas il ne soit pas possible d'établir une PNEC et il faut alors effectuer une estimation qualitative de la relation dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). Pour calculer la PNEC, on peut appliquer un facteur d'évaluation aux valeurs provenant des essais effectués sur les organismes, par exemple à la DL50 (dose létale médiane), à la CL50 (concentration létale médiane), à la CE50 (concentration effective médiane), à la CI50 (concentration provoquant cinquante pour cent d'inhibition d'un paramètre donné, par exemple la croissance), au NOEL(C) (dose (concentration) sans effet observé), au LOEL(C) (dose (concentration) entraînant l'effet observé le plus faible) ou d'autres méthodes appropriées.  4, record 28, French, - concentration%20effective

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Maritime Academy(IMA) of Trieste is an international institution in the training field for postgraduate studies. Its courses are aimed at participants with a university degree or equivalent education who already work in the Government structures but need some further training to improve the quality of their work. Students come from all over the world. The working language is English. In march 1988 in Rome, the Italian Foreign Minister, and the Secretary General of the International Maritime Organization(IMO), signed an international agreement for the setting up of the International Maritime Academy of Trieste to be funded by the Co-operation and Development Department of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  1, record 29, English, - International%20Maritime%20Academy

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... of the World Meteorological Organization. The Tropical Meteorology Research Programme is designed to promote and coordinate research activities of Members in high priority areas of tropical meteorology. Emphasis is on the weather system scale, except for monsoons and drought related studies, which emphasis variability and prediction at the regional and seasonal scale. It is intended to improve social and economic conditions by conducting research to better understand the behaviour of tropical weather systems and further improve weather forecasting to help reduce the loss of life and social disruption arising from severe weather, such as the impact of tropical cyclones.  3, record 30, English, - Tropical%20Meteorology%20Research%20Programme

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... de l'Organisation météorologique mondiale.  3, record 30, French, - Programme%20de%20recherche%20en%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie%20tropicale

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Organización Meteorológical Mundial.  2, record 30, Spanish, - Programa%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n%20sobre%20Meteorolog%C3%ADa%20Tropical

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the third generation, the survivors of the selection process during the first two generations begin a series of tests in field plots called progeny rows. These tests usually continue through the sixth or seventh generation. All through the field tests, the reactions of the hybrids to disease continue to be critically studies; information is accumulated about their agronomic characteristics; yield, earlinesss, strength of straw, plant type and seed type. Breadmaking quality tests are included in the overall screening procedure. At the eighth through the tenth generations, the surviving lines are increased and further screened for field performance, particularly yield and milling and baking quality.  1, record 31, English, - seventh%20generation

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A la troisième génération, les survivants de la sélection pratiquée sur les deux premières générations commencent une série d'essais dans des parcelles appelées rangs de descendance. Ces essais se poursuivent habituellement jusqu'à la sixième ou septième génération et, pendant tout leur déroulement, on continue d'étudier de façon critique la réaction des hybrides aux maladies, on accumule des renseignements sur leurs caractères agronomiques, rendement, précocité, résistance de la paille, types de plante et de grain. Les essais sur la valeur boulangère font partie du processus de sélection global.  1, record 31, French, - septi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the third generation, the survivors of the selection process during the first two generations begin a series of tests in field plots called progeny rows. These tests usually continue through the sixth or seventh generation. All through the field tests, the reactions of the hybrids to disease continue to be critically studies; information is accumulated about their agronomic characteristics; yield, earlinesss, strength of straw, plant type and seed type. Breadmaking quality tests are included in the overall screening procedure. At the eighth through the tenth generations, the surviving lines are increased and further screened for field performance, particularly yield and milling and baking quality.  1, record 32, English, - field%20performance

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A la troisième génération, les survivants de la sélection pratiquée sur les deux premières générations commencent une série d'essais dans des parcelles appelées rangs de descendance. Ces essais se poursuivent habituellement jusqu'à la sixième ou septième génération et, pendant tout leur déroulement, on continue d'étudier de façon critique la réaction des hybrides aux maladies, on accumule des renseignements sur leurs caractères agronomiques, rendement, précocité, résistance de la paille, types de plante et de grain. Les essais sur la valeur boulangère font partie du processus de sélection global. De la huitième à la dixième génération, on multiplie les lignées survivantes et on les sélectionne plus à fond pour leur comportement en grande culture, en particulier pour leur rendement et leurs valeurs meunières et boulangères.  1, record 32, French, - comportement%20en%20grande%20culture

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the third generation, the survivors of the selection process during the first two generations begin a series of tests in field plots called progeny rows. These tests usually continue through the sixth or seventh generation. All through the field tests, the reactions of the hybrids to disease continue to be critically studies; information is accumulated about their agronomic characteristics; yield, earlinesss, strength of straw, plant type and seed type. Breadmaking quality tests are included in the overall screening procedure. At the eighth through the tenth generations, the surviving lines are increased and further screened for field performance, particularly yield and milling and baking quality.  1, record 33, English, - progeny%20row

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A la troisième génération, les survivants de la sélection pratiquée sur les deux premières générations commencent une série d'essais dans des parcelles appelées rangs de descendance. Ces essais se poursuivent habituellement jusqu'à la sixième ou septième génération et, pendant tout leur déroulement, on continue d'étudier de façon critique la réaction des hybrides aux maladies, on accumule des renseignements sur leurs caractères agronomiques, rendement, précocité, résistance de la paille, types de plante et de grain. Les essais sur la valeur boulangère font partie du processus de sélection global.  1, record 33, French, - rang%20de%20descendance

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The CCCJ(Canadian Council of Christians and Jews) produces a nation-wide market research study regularly. The report, Canadians’ Attitudes Toward Race and Ethnic Relations in Canada, is known as the "Harmony Barometer". It examines the attitudes and behaviours of Canadians toward people of different ethnic, religious and racial backgrounds. The purpose of the studies is to enlighten Canadians about human relations issues and to assist the CCCJ to further its goals in eliminating prejudice. The survey has been conducted in 1993 and 1995.  1, record 34, English, - Canadians%27%20Attitudes%20Toward%20Race%20and%20Ethnic%20Relations%20in%20Canada

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Renseignements obtenus du Conseil.  1, record 34, French, - Canadians%27%20Attitudes%20Toward%20Race%20and%20Ethnic%20Relations%20in%20Canada

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leptin was identified in 1994 as the product of a gene that is defective in an obese strain of mice, ob/ob. Injection of leptin into the obese mice led to a return to normal weight, a result that made news headlines way beyond the scientific press. Further studies have shown that weight loss is a complex process, involving impaired response to leptin or the leptin receptor.  1, record 35, English, - leptin

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Cytokine Bulletin, Summer 1996. Leptin, an Obesity Factor. Leptin was identified in 1994 as the product of a gene that is defective in an obese strain in INTERNET at the address mentioned in c.  2, record 35, English, - leptin

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis l'isolement du gène ob en 1994, on a montré que son produit, baptisé leptine, peut corriger plusieurs types d'obésité chez la souris, liés ou non à une mutation de ce gène.  2, record 35, French, - leptine

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le gène de la leptine serait bien associé aux formes extrêmes d'obésité humaine. Ce résultat est publié par les équipes du CNRS EP10 (Lille) et du service de nutrition de l'Hôtel-Dieu (Paris), alors que certaines observations commençaient à faire douter que ce gène, mis en cause dans un modèle murin d'obésité, ait un rôle dans l'affection chez l'homme. Comme la démonstration qui vient d'être apportée ne concerne que les obésités extrêmes, la question du déterminisme génétique reste toutefois ouverte pour les obésités " tout venant ".  3, record 35, French, - leptine

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pediatric nephrologist has traditionally not been involved in the care of the diabetic child since diabetic nephropathy presents in adulthood. Recent studies suggest that diabetic kidney disease develops silently during childhood. Measurement of urinary albumin excretion(UAE) allows earlier detection of patients at risk of nephropathy, often in adolescence. In addition to diabetic nephropathy, diabetic children are at risk of urinary tract infections, renal papillary necrosis, and various forms of glomerulonephritis. The role of the pediatric nephrologist in the care of the child with diabetes might include advising on the administration and interpretation of screening for UAE and the measurement and interpretation of glomerular filtration rate, and blood pressure. Children with evidence of renal dysfunction should be evaluated and treated by the pediatric nephrologist. Frequently, renal biopsy will be necessary in these patients. Future research may allow the detection of diabetic kidney disease earlier in childhood, further expanding the role of the pediatric nephrologist. In particular, early renal biopsy may eventually be used to select those patients at risk of diabetic nephropathy for specific treatment alterations.  2, record 36, English, - pediatric%20nephrologist

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beaucoup d'enfants avec une insuffisance rénale chronique sont de petite taille lorsqu'ils sont vus par le pédonéphrologue. Une stricte attention au régime, à l'équilibre électrolytique et acido-basique et à la prévention de l'ostéodystrophie peut entraîner une spectaculaire croissance de rattrapage chez certains nourrissons qui sont traités au cours des 2 premières années de la vie. Si le traitement est différé jusqu'après l'âge de 2 ans, une lente amélioration de la croissance a lieu chez la plupart des enfants. Il reste cependant un groupe d'enfants dont la croissance est résistante à un traitement théoriquement optimal. Beaucoup de ces enfants ont un poids de naissance bas et présentent une dysplasie rénale avec ou sans reflux.  1, record 36, French, - p%C3%A9don%C3%A9phrologue

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nighttime lighting of exterior areas serves many useful purposes. Such lighting extends into the fields of advertising and recreational pursuits as well as utilitarian fields, such as the lighting of industrial yards, parking areas, airports, streets, and highways.  2, record 37, English, - night%20lighting

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Recent studies have shown that deciduous trees and high shrubs installed in areas illuminated by high-intensity night lighting continue growing far beyond their normal span and suffer delayed leaf drop, with a further likelihood of winter damage to ill-formed buds and immature stems. Light is essential for leaves but not at all times.  1, record 37, English, - night%20lighting

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Not leading to further formal studies but sometimes used to designate technical or occupational programs.  1, record 38, English, - terminal

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"Ne menant pas à d'autres études officielles".  1, record 38, French, - terminal

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme qui s'utilise parfois pour désigner des programmes techniques ou professionnels." (Revue des politiques de l'éducation au Canada, Rapport de la région Atlantique, 1975)  1, record 38, French, - terminal

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this capacity, he will undertake special studies with respect to planning further possible computer system applications and their relation to future computer work loads. He will also coordinate studies concerning charges to any profit centres established and its possible application to the total Management Services function.  1, record 39, English, - Special%20Projects%2C%20General%20Manager

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À ce titre, il dirigera les études spéciales concernant la recherche d'applications possibles du réseau informatique et de leurs conséquences sur la charge de travail des ordinateurs. Il est également chargé de coordonner les études concernant l'imputation des frais aux entités commerciales existantes et l'extension de cette formule à l'ensemble des Services de Gestion.  1, record 39, French, - Directeur%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%2C%20%C3%89tudes%20sp%C3%A9ciales

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

most further studies have tended to support the existence of an asthenosphere but obscured the role of the lithosphere as a continuous--.  1, record 40, English, - elastic%20sheet

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

le premier fait suggère l'existence d'une couche superficielle élastique et résistante (la lithosphère)  1, record 40, French, - couche%20%C3%A9lastique

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish