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In the context of inertial confinement fusion, optical smoothing is a technique used to provide laser irradiation as homogeneous as possible. It is required for limiting the development of laser-plasma instabilities...  2, record 1, English, - optical%20smoothing

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Technique optique qui modifie les caractéristiques des faisceaux laser pour rendre l'irradiation de la cible de fusion inertielle le plus homogène possible.  2, record 1, French, - lissage%20optique

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lissage optique : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 5 septembre 2021.  3, record 1, French, - lissage%20optique

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute(JAERI) has been developing a continuous operation technique for nuclear fusion reactor using JT-60(JAERI Tokamak-60).  2, record 2, English, - JT%2D60

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JT-60U is an "upgrade" to JT-60 now in operation.  3, record 2, English, - JT%2D60

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A tokamak is a toroidal plasma confinement device invented in the 1950s by the Russians Tamm and Sakharov. The word "tokamak" is a contraction of the Russian words: "toroidalnaya", "kamera", and "magnitnaya", meaning "toroidal chamber-magnetic." The plasma is confined here not by the material walls (which wouldn’t be compatible with a plasma which will be millions of degrees Celsius), but by magnetic fields. Physicists have been working since the 1950s on making better "magnetic bottles", a problem which has been compared to holding jello (the plasma) with rubber bands (the magnetic field). The magnetic fields in a tokamak are produced by a combination of currents flowing in external coils and currents flowing within the plasma itself. This contrasts to a similar concept, the stellarator, in which all of the confining magnetic fields are produced by external coils.  4, record 2, English, - JT%2D60

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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C'est à Naka, à plusieurs centaines de kilomètres de Rokkasho-Mura que se trouve le réacteur à fusion japonais, le JT-60, l'un des plus gros Tokamak du monde en activité avec le JET européen.  2, record 2, French, - JT%2D60

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On en profite également pour améliorer les machines existantes. JT-60 devient « JT-60 Upgrade » au Japon.  3, record 2, French, - JT%2D60

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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An experimental technique that enhances the recovery of specific(usually rare) genotypes. Littlefield(1964) isolated the rare products of spontaneous fusion in mixed cultures by a technique adopted from microbial genetics. Fusion of two cells deficient in two different enzymes resulted in hybrids that recovered the complete enzyme set by complementation. Only these cells survived selection against the deficient cells.  2, record 3, English, - selective%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Système pour l'isolement sélectif de cellules rares. Un de ces systèmes, inventé en 1964 par Littlefield, est couramment employé. Il est fondé sur l'utilisation, en vue de fusion et d'hybridation, de mutants cellulaires présentant des déficiences enzymatiques (telles que l'absence de pyrophosphorylase d'acide inosinique ou de thymidinekinase) qui rendent ces mutants incapables de se multiplier dans un milieu sélectif spécialement conçu et contenant, en plus de précurseurs des acides nucléiques, de l'aminoptérine. Dans ces conditions, seules les cellules hybrides dans lesquelles se reconstitue, par une compensation génétique réciproque, l'appareil enzymatique intégral sont capables d'accomplir le cycle normal de synthèse d'acides nucléiques et, par conséquent, de se reproduire.  2, record 3, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20s%C3%A9lectif

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Embryo splitting is similar to what happens when identical twins are produced naturally. When the cells forming an embryo start to divide, they are split into two or more groups and implanted into the wombs of foster mothers, where the embryos continue to develop independently into offspring. In contrast, the technique of embryonic cell nuclear transfer involves the introduction of a donor embryonic cell into an unfertilized egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. The donor cell and enucleated egg are subjected to stimuli causing fusion and activation resulting in a reconstructed embryo.  2, record 4, English, - reconstructed%20embryo

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Embryon qui résulte du transfert de noyau dans un ovocyte énucléé.  2, record 4, French, - embryon%20reconstitu%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Embrión creado por transferencia nuclear, introduciendo un carioplasto en un citoplasto que por lo general procede de un individuo diferente.  2, record 4, Spanish, - embri%C3%B3n%20reconstruido

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La clonación por medio de la transferencia nuclear de célula somática utiliza una célula somática o célula del cuerpo de la persona a ser clonada. El núcleo de esta célula es introducido en una célula huevo cuyo núcleo ha sido removido. El resultante embrión reconstruido es entonces introducido a una matriz.  3, record 4, Spanish, - embri%C3%B3n%20reconstruido

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A technique of spinal fusion that may be either anterior(in the cervical spine) or posterior(in the lumbar spine). The anterior operation involves removing the intervertebral disc and part of the vertebra, with insertion of a dowel graft. The posterior operation is also known as "posterior lumbar interbody fusion" and is similar to the anterior operation but uses a posterior approach.  1, record 5, English, - Cloward%20fusion

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Arthrodèse selon Cloward. Arthrodèse intersomatique cervicale selon la technique de Cloward.  1, record 5, French, - arthrod%C3%A8se%20selon%20Cloward

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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a technique for joining similar or dissimilar metals together, without requiring fusion of the metals joined, or of any third metal or alloy introduced into the joint.  2, record 6, English, - solid%20phase%20bond

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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où la liaison est assurée [...] sans échauffement important mais à l'abri de l'atmosphère et pour des préparations de surface très poussées  1, record 6, French, - soudage%20par%20diffusion

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Surfacing is a term used to describe processes of depositing metal on surfaces of tools and machine parts in order to increase their dimensional sizes or to obtain some specific mechanical property.... The two main categories of surfacing are known as hardfacing and metallizing. Hardfacing is a fusion technique and includes processes which are designed to produce hard, tough overlays to resist severe abrasion, corrosion, and impact loads. Metallizing is a spray coating procedure where finely divided particles of metal are deposited on surfaces where metal has worn away or where it is necessary to build up certain contours. Hardfacing is actually a fusion weld process in which a special hardfacing rod, wire, or electrode is intermixed with the base metal.  1, record 7, English, - hardfacing

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Opération consistant à recouvrir la surface d'une pièce métallique, d'une couche plus ou moins épaisse d'un autre métal ou alliage fondu (rechargement hétérogène), pour augmenter localement la résistance à l'usure, ou pour apporter du métal semblable (rechargement homogène) sur des parties usées ou corrodées.  3, record 7, French, - rechargement

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Technologie du rechargement. (...) L'opération consiste essentiellement à rapporter, par fusion, sur les parties usées ou susceptibles de s'user, un métal de même nature ou, le plus souvent, de nature différente de celle du métal de base.  4, record 7, French, - rechargement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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The joining technique when using socket fusion employs a heating tool with male and female ends to heat the pipe end and the interior of the socket to melting point. When the polyethylene is soft, the pipe and socket are removed from the tool and are quickly forced together.  1, record 8, English, - socket%20fusion

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Pour exécuter un joint par soudage en bout, utiliser un outil de chauffe comportant une extrémité mâle et une extrémité femelle pour chauffer l'extrémité du tuyau et l'intérieur du manchon du raccord jusqu'au point de fusion. Une fois le polyéthylène ramolli, retirer l'outil de chauffe et insérer à force l'extrémité du tuyau dans le raccord.  1, record 8, French, - joint%20par%20soudage%20en%20bout

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The joining technique when using socket fusion employs a heating tool with male and female ends to heat the pipe end and the interior of the socket to melting point.  1, record 9, English, - heating%20tool

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour exécuter un joint par soudage en bout, utiliser un outil de chauffe comportant une extrémité mâle et une extrémité femelle pour chauffer l'extrémité du tuyau et l'intérieur du manchon du raccord jusqu'au point de fusion.  1, record 9, French, - outil%20de%20chauffe

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish