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GAIN ADVANTAGE [37 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2026-04-21
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Economic Doctrines, Systems and Policies
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- crony capitalism
1, record 1, English, crony%20capitalism
correct, noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
When cronyism becomes prevalent in a business context, it can lead to a system of crony capitalism. In this system, business performance relies on political connections rather than market forces. Crony capitalism enables individuals with connections to those in political power to gain significant economic benefits, which gives them an unfair advantage over their competitors. 2, record 1, English, - crony%20capitalism
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Doctrines, systèmes et politiques économiques
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- capitalisme de copinage
1, record 1, French, capitalisme%20de%20copinage
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- capitalisme de connivence 2, record 1, French, capitalisme%20de%20connivence
correct, masculine noun
- capitalisme de coterie 3, record 1, French, capitalisme%20de%20coterie
correct, masculine noun
- capitalisme de réseau 4, record 1, French, capitalisme%20de%20r%C3%A9seau
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le capitalisme de connivence [...] désigne une situation où le succès en affaires dépend des relations étroites que les entreprises (généralement des grosses) entretiennent avec les représentants du gouvernement et de l'administration. 5, record 1, French, - capitalisme%20de%20copinage
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2025-07-11
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Offences and crimes
- Corporate Security
- Intelligence (Military)
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- industrial espionage
1, record 2, English, industrial%20espionage
correct, noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- industrial spying 2, record 2, English, industrial%20spying
correct, noun
- corporate espionage 3, record 2, English, corporate%20espionage
correct, noun
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Illegal activity designed to identify a competitor’s production, marketing or operating systems. 4, record 2, English, - industrial%20espionage
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Industrial espionage is the covert... practice of investigating competitors to gain a business advantage. The target of an investigation might be a trade secret, such as a proprietary product specification or formula, or information about business plans. In many cases, industrial spies are simply seeking data their organization can exploit to its advantage. 5, record 2, English, - industrial%20espionage
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Systematic use of news items or comments made by executives, suppliers or clients, etc. is not considered as espionage. 4, record 2, English, - industrial%20espionage
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
industrial espionage: designation and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial. 6, record 2, English, - industrial%20espionage
Record 2, Key term(s)
- industrial espionnage
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Infractions et crimes
- Sécurité générale de l'entreprise
- Renseignement (Militaire)
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- espionnage industriel
1, record 2, French, espionnage%20industriel
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Activité illégale destinée à connaître les systèmes de production, de commercialisation ou toute autre activité d'un concurrent. 2, record 2, French, - espionnage%20industriel
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Il ne faut pas considérer comme espionnage industriel le suivi systématique des nouvelles, commentaires de cadres, fournisseurs ou clients, etc. 2, record 2, French, - espionnage%20industriel
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
espionnage industriel : désignation et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial. 3, record 2, French, - espionnage%20industriel
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Infracciones y crímenes
- Seguridad general de la empresa
- Inteligencia (militar)
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- espionaje industrial
1, record 2, Spanish, espionaje%20industrial
correct, masculine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Actividad ilegal dirigida a conocer los sistemas de producción, comercialización o cualquier otra parte del funcionamiento de un competidor. 2, record 2, Spanish, - espionaje%20industrial
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
No es espionaje el seguimiento sistemático de gacetillas, comentarios de ejecutivos, proveedores o clientes, etc. 2, record 2, Spanish, - espionaje%20industrial
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
espionaje industrial: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial. 3, record 2, Spanish, - espionaje%20industrial
Record 3 - internal organization data 2025-07-09
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Offences and crimes
- National and International Security
- Intelligence (Military)
- Sciences - General
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- scientific espionage
1, record 3, English, scientific%20espionage
correct, noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- scientific spying 2, record 3, English, scientific%20spying
correct, noun
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Scientific espionage is the illegal acquisition of research data. Foreign governments, organisations or individuals seek to gain a strategic advantage by stealing valuable information. This jeopardises not only the confidentiality of unpublished research, but also the... ability to innovate and compete. 3, record 3, English, - scientific%20espionage
Record 3, Key term(s)
- scientific espionnage
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Infractions et crimes
- Sécurité nationale et internationale
- Renseignement (Militaire)
- Sciences - Généralités
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- espionnage scientifique
1, record 3, French, espionnage%20scientifique
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L'espionnage scientifique est un type d'espionnage non traditionnel qui consiste notamment à voler des données scientifiques et constitue une menace à la sécurité nationale et à la propriété intellectuelle du Canada. 2, record 3, French, - espionnage%20scientifique
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS
espionnage scientifique : désignation tirée du mini-lexique «Espionnage, trahison et haute trahison» et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface. 3, record 3, French, - espionnage%20scientifique
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2025-07-08
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Offences and crimes
- National and International Security
- Intelligence (Military)
- Economics
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- economic espionage
1, record 4, English, economic%20espionage
correct, noun, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- economic spying 2, record 4, English, economic%20spying
correct, noun
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Clandestine or illicit attempts to acquire economic intelligence. 3, record 4, English, - economic%20espionage
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Economic espionage involves the theft or illegal acquisition of valuable economic information, such as trade secrets, intellectual property, or corporate financial data. This form of espionage typically targets businesses and industries to gain a competitive advantage or disrupt markets. 4, record 4, English, - economic%20espionage
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
economic espionage: designation and definition officially approved by the Security Terminology Committee (STC). 5, record 4, English, - economic%20espionage
Record 4, Key term(s)
- economic espionnage
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Infractions et crimes
- Sécurité nationale et internationale
- Renseignement (Militaire)
- Économique
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- espionnage économique
1, record 4, French, espionnage%20%C3%A9conomique
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Utilisation de moyens clandestins ou illicites pour acquérir des renseignements économiques. 2, record 4, French, - espionnage%20%C3%A9conomique
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Commet une infraction quiconque, frauduleusement et sans apparence de droit, sur l'ordre d'une entité économique étrangère, en collaboration avec elle ou pour son profit et au détriment des intérêts économiques canadiens, des relations internationales ou de la défense ou de la sécurité nationales : soit communique un secret industriel à une personne, à un groupe ou à une organisation; soit obtient, retient, modifie ou détruit un secret industriel. 3, record 4, French, - espionnage%20%C3%A9conomique
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS
espionnage économique : désignation et définition uniformisés par le Comité de la terminologie de la sécurité (CTS). 4, record 4, French, - espionnage%20%C3%A9conomique
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2025-05-27
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Offences and crimes
- National and International Security
- Intelligence (Military)
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- military espionage
1, record 5, English, military%20espionage
correct, noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- military spying 2, record 5, English, military%20spying
correct, noun
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Military espionage refers to the gathering of information related to a nation’s defense capabilities, military plans, technologies, and strategic intentions. 3, record 5, English, - military%20espionage
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This type of espionage is usually conducted by governments or intelligence agencies to assess a potential adversary’s military strength and weaknesses. 3, record 5, English, - military%20espionage
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS
The information obtained is used to formulate military strategies, gain tactical advantage, or prepare for future conflicts. 3, record 5, English, - military%20espionage
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Infractions et crimes
- Sécurité nationale et internationale
- Renseignement (Militaire)
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- espionnage militaire
1, record 5, French, espionnage%20militaire
correct, masculine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'espionnage militaire est celui qui se pratique entre États mais sans reconnaissance officielle. Il s'agit de méthodes de renseignements clandestines destinées à voler des informations très sensibles. Il peut s'agir de plans d'armes sophistiquées ou de machines de renseignements de pointes. 2, record 5, French, - espionnage%20militaire
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
espionnage militaire : désignation tirée du Mini-lexique de l'espionnage, de la trahison et de la haute trahison et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface. 3, record 5, French, - espionnage%20militaire
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2025-05-27
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Offences and crimes
- National and International Security
- Intelligence (Military)
- Political Science (General)
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- political espionage
1, record 6, English, political%20espionage
correct, noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- political spying 2, record 6, English, political%20spying
correct, noun
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Political espionage refers to the act of gathering information or intelligence about a country's political strategies, policies, or government activities, typically to gain an advantage or exert influence. 3, record 6, English, - political%20espionage
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It is often carried out by state actors or intelligence agencies and may involve undermining the political stability or sovereignty of the target nation. 3, record 6, English, - political%20espionage
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS
The information collected can include sensitive diplomatic strategies, classified government policies, or election-related data. 3, record 6, English, - political%20espionage
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Infractions et crimes
- Sécurité nationale et internationale
- Renseignement (Militaire)
- Sciences politiques (Généralités)
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- espionnage politique
1, record 6, French, espionnage%20politique
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L'espionnage politique est utilisé pour connaître les intentions d'un autre pays dans le cadre de négociations commerciales ou sur des enjeux à haute tension. 2, record 6, French, - espionnage%20politique
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2024-08-20
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Racquet Sports
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- moonball
1, record 7, English, moonball
correct, noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- moon ball 2, record 7, English, moon%20ball
correct, noun
- moon-ball 3, record 7, English, moon%2Dball
correct, noun
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A moonball in tennis occurs when a player hits the ball high into the sky for it to drop down into the court against their opponent. A moonball is one of many techniques a player can use to gain an advantage against their opponent to score points. 4, record 7, English, - moonball
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
A moonball is a defensive shot. 5, record 7, English, - moonball
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Sports de raquette
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- balle parachute
1, record 7, French, balle%20parachute
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- balle lunaire 2, record 7, French, balle%20lunaire
feminine noun, less frequent
- chandelle défensive 3, record 7, French, chandelle%20d%C3%A9fensive
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
[...] coup peu risqué qui passe largement au-dessus du filet. Ce type de frappe est généralement employé pour briser le rythme d'un échange et pour avoir davantage de temps pour le replacement. 4, record 7, French, - balle%20parachute
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS
La balle parachute est un coup défensif. 3, record 7, French, - balle%20parachute
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Deportes de raqueta
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- pelota alta
1, record 7, Spanish, pelota%20alta
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Se pueden lanzar dos o tres pelotas altas para descansar después de una jugada muy dura [...] 2, record 7, Spanish, - pelota%20alta
Record 8 - internal organization data 2024-02-22
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
- Internet and Telematics
- Telephony and Microwave Technology
- IT Security
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- phreaker
1, record 8, English, phreaker
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- phone phreak 2, record 8, English, phone%20phreak
correct
- phreak 3, record 8, English, phreak
correct
- telephone saboteur 4, record 8, English, telephone%20saboteur
correct
- phone cracker 5, record 8, English, phone%20cracker
correct
- telephone intruder 4, record 8, English, telephone%20intruder
correct
- message system hacker 4, record 8, English, message%20system%20hacker
correct
- phone freak 4, record 8, English, phone%20freak
correct
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An individual who uses his knowledge of the telephone system to make calls at the expense of another. 6, record 8, English, - phreaker
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In the latest twist of computer theft, "phone freaks" pride themselves on being able to break into the sophisticated telephone answering services used by a growing number of businesses around the world. Telephone saboteurs typically gain access to a company’s toll free number or use access codes for long-distance telephone accounts that circulate through the computer "bulletin board" underground. Then, they try random combinations of numbers until they stumble upon the electronic "mailboxes" and the passwords that give a person access to them. 4, record 8, English, - phreaker
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Contrast with "phracker". 5, record 8, English, - phreaker
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Phreakers take advantage of free telephone numbers(800’ numbers) to gain access to secret digital switchboards which grant access to outside phone lines. They want to avoid paying phone bills rather that to corrupt data.(J. J. Manger, The Essential Internet Information Guide, Mc Graw-Hill, 1994, p. 342). 5, record 8, English, - phreaker
Record 8, Key term(s)
- phone phreaker
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
- Internet et télématique
- Téléphonie et techniques hyperfréquences
- Sécurité des TI
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- pirate téléphonique
1, record 8, French, pirate%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- saboteur téléphonique 2, record 8, French, saboteur%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique
correct, masculine noun
- saboteur télématique 3, record 8, French, saboteur%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9matique
correct, masculine noun
- pirate de lignes téléphoniques 4, record 8, French, pirate%20de%20lignes%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phoniques
correct, masculine noun
- pirateur de lignes téléphoniques 5, record 8, French, pirateur%20de%20lignes%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phoniques
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[Celui] qui, grâce à un matériel électronique bricolé, se branche sur les lignes téléphoniques pour obtenir des communications sans payer. 5, record 8, French, - pirate%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les pirates téléphoniques fabriquent des télécartes perpétuelles dont le décompte des unités est bloqué, ou épient les utilisateurs de cartes dans les aéroports pour usurper leur code secret. 1, record 8, French, - pirate%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
pirateur : Mot-valise formé par le télescopage des deux mots «pirate» et «saboteur». 6, record 8, French, - pirate%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phonique
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Inteligencia artificial
- Internet y telemática
- Telefonía y tecnología de microondas
- Seguridad de IT
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- saboteador telefónico
1, record 8, Spanish, saboteador%20telef%C3%B3nico
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
- intruso telefónico 1, record 8, Spanish, intruso%20telef%C3%B3nico
correct, masculine noun
- pirata telefónico 1, record 8, Spanish, pirata%20telef%C3%B3nico
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2023-10-31
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Sonar and Underwater Detection (Military)
- Acoustics (Physics)
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- narrow beam transducer
1, record 9, English, narrow%20beam%20transducer
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[A] depth finder puts out a constant amount of power. It does not matter where... the gain level [is] set. Gain simply controls how much... the signal that is bounced off of the bottom [is amplified]. Therefore, a narrow beam transducer will appear to be much more powerful than a wide beam transducer. This is because [the] same amount of power [is applied] into a smaller area. This can be an advantage [for] fishing in deep water... A narrow beam transducer can be overpowering in shallow water. 2, record 9, English, - narrow%20beam%20transducer
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Sonar et détection sous-marine (Militaire)
- Acoustique (Physique)
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- transducteur à faisceau étroit
1, record 9, French, transducteur%20%C3%A0%20faisceau%20%C3%A9troit
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2022-02-24
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- IT Security
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- cyberespionage
1, record 10, English, cyberespionage
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- cyber espionage 2, record 10, English, cyber%20espionage
correct
- cyberspying 3, record 10, English, cyberspying
correct
- cyber spying 4, record 10, English, cyber%20spying
correct
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cyber espionage, or cyber spying, is a type of cyberattack in which an unauthorized user attempts to access sensitive or classified data or intellectual property(IP) for economic gain, competitive advantage or political reasons. 5, record 10, English, - cyberespionage
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Sécurité des TI
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- cyberespionnage
1, record 10, French, cyberespionnage
correct, masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ensemble d'actions menées dans le cyberespace consistant à infiltrer, clandestinement ou sous de faux prétextes, les systèmes informatiques d'une organisation ou d'un individu, et à s'emparer de données pour les exploiter. 2, record 10, French, - cyberespionnage
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le cyberespionnage se pratique notamment par le biais de logiciels malveillants ou espions, de cyberattaques persistantes, ou en mettant à profit les vulnérabilités des systèmes informatiques. 2, record 10, French, - cyberespionnage
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS
cyberespionnage : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 31 août 2019. 3, record 10, French, - cyberespionnage
Record 10, Key term(s)
- cyber-espionnage
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Seguridad de IT
Record 10, Main entry term, Spanish
- ciberespionaje
1, record 10, Spanish, ciberespionaje
correct, masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 10, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
El ciberespionaje es el fenómeno que más preocupa por las consecuencias del robo de información sensible: no sólo económicas, también de competitividad, estratégicas e incluso diplomáticas. [...] Cierto es que la capacidad de ataque cibernético, de entrar en sistemas y robar datos sin interrumpir los sistemas de información, ha aumentado de forma exponencial en los últimos años. 2, record 10, Spanish, - ciberespionaje
Record 11 - internal organization data 2020-09-24
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- IT Security
- Risks and Threats (Security)
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- cyber threat actor
1, record 11, English, cyber%20threat%20actor
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[The] state, group, or individual who, with malicious intent, aims to take advantage of vulnerabilities, low cyber security awareness, and technological developments to gain unauthorized access to information systems in order to access or otherwise affect victims’ data, devices, systems, and networks. 2, record 11, English, - cyber%20threat%20actor
Record 11, Key term(s)
- cyberthreat actor
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Sécurité des TI
- Risques et menaces (Sécurité)
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- auteur de cybermenace
1, record 11, French, auteur%20de%20cybermenace
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[...] État, groupe ou personne qui cherche à tirer avantage des vulnérabilités, d'une sensibilisation insuffisante à la cybersécurité et des progrès technologiques pour obtenir un accès non autorisé aux systèmes d'information ou encore porter préjudice aux données, aux dispositifs, aux systèmes et aux réseaux des victimes. 2, record 11, French, - auteur%20de%20cybermenace
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2020-02-17
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- PAJLO
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- team negotiation
1, record 12, English, team%20negotiation
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- team bargaining 1, record 12, English, team%20bargaining
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[The] negotiation through use of a group consisting of two or more persons with similar interest in the disputed matter who negotiate as a single entity to gain the best advantage for the collective group. 2, record 12, English, - team%20negotiation
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- PAJLO
- Modes substitutifs de résolution des différends
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- négociation en équipe
1, record 12, French, n%C3%A9gociation%20en%20%C3%A9quipe
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
négociation en équipe : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2, record 12, French, - n%C3%A9gociation%20en%20%C3%A9quipe
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2018-09-07
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Informatics
- Corporate Management
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- option generator
1, record 13, English, option%20generator
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
- strategic options generator 2, record 13, English, strategic%20options%20generator
correct
- strategic option generator 2, record 13, English, strategic%20option%20generator
correct
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The "strategic options generator" was proposed... for identifying opportunities to gain a competitive advantage through the use of information systems. 2, record 13, English, - option%20generator
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Informatique
- Gestion de l'entreprise
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- générateur d'options stratégiques
1, record 13, French, g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27options%20strat%C3%A9giques
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Outil conceptuel qui peut permettre d'identifier les systèmes d'information à vocation stratégique. [Définition reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.] 1, record 13, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27options%20strat%C3%A9giques
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le générateur fixe d'abord l'attention sur une série de cibles stratégiques et sur les coups stratégiques qui peuvent permettre de les atteindre. Les applications informatiques qui peuvent appuyer ou définir des coups stratégiques, et ces coups eux-mêmes sont en quelques sorte pointés sur les cibles stratégiques. Trois catégories de cible : les fournisseurs; les clients; les concurrents. [Reproduit avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.] 1, record 13, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27options%20strat%C3%A9giques
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2018-02-01
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Information Processing (Informatics)
- Electronic Warfare
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- computer network exploitation
1, record 14, English, computer%20network%20exploitation
correct, NATO, standardized, officially approved
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
- CNE 2, record 14, English, CNE
correct, NATO, standardized, officially approved
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An action taken to make use of a computer or computer network, as well as the information hosted therein, in order to gain advantage. 3, record 14, English, - computer%20network%20exploitation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
computer network exploitation; CNE: designations officially approved by the Security Terminology Committee (STC). 4, record 14, English, - computer%20network%20exploitation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS
computer network exploitation; CNE: designations and definition standardized by NATO. 4, record 14, English, - computer%20network%20exploitation
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
- Guerre électronique
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- exploitation de réseau informatique
1, record 14, French, exploitation%20de%20r%C3%A9seau%20informatique
correct, feminine noun, NATO, standardized
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
- CNE 2, record 14, French, CNE
correct, feminine noun, NATO, standardized
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Action menée pour utiliser un ordinateur ou un réseau d'ordinateurs ainsi que les informations qu'ils contiennent, en vue d'en tirer avantage. 3, record 14, French, - exploitation%20de%20r%C3%A9seau%20informatique
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
exploitation de réseau informatique; CNE : désignations et définition normalisées par l'OTAN. 4, record 14, French, - exploitation%20de%20r%C3%A9seau%20informatique
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2017-11-12
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Corporate Management
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- value stream
1, record 15, English, value%20stream
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A value stream is an end-to-end collection of activities that creates a result for a customer. The value stream has a clear goal : to satisfy or to delight the customer.... A value chain disaggregates a firm into its strategically relevant activities in order to understand the behavior of costs and the existing and potential sources of differentiation. It enables the firm to gain a competitive advantage by performing these strategic activities more cheaply or better than its competitors.... the BA [business architecture] is composed of integrated value streams.... With a business architecture built with integrated value streams, you can build a value chain... 2, record 15, English, - value%20stream
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Gestion de l'entreprise
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- flux de valeur
1, record 15, French, flux%20de%20valeur
masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Vous avez démarré une démarche d'amélioration continue et vous ne voyez pas encore de résultats financiers tangibles. Ou encore, vous comptez en démarrer une. Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, si vous souhaitez rentabiliser au plus vite votre temps et celui de vos collaborateurs, vous devez prioriser vos activités d'amélioration continue. La solution? Faire un plan d'amélioration avec la cartographie de la chaîne de valeur [...] Grâce à ce cours, soyez enfin capable de voir les flux de valeur complets de votre organisation [...] avec des lunettes à valeur ajoutée. 1, record 15, French, - flux%20de%20valeur
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 2017-10-26
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- General Conduct of Military Operations
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- third generation warfare
1, record 16, English, third%20generation%20warfare
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
- 3GW 2, record 16, English, 3GW
correct
Record 16, Synonyms, English
- third generation war 3, record 16, English, third%20generation%20war
correct
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Third generation warfare is a term created by the U. S. military in 1989, referring to the tactics of warfare used after the Wehrmacht's development of the blitzkrieg. Third generation war focuses on using speed and surprise to bypass the enemy's lines and collapse their forces from the rear. Essentially, this was the end of linear warfare on a tactical level, with units seeking not simply to meet each other face to face but to out-maneuver each other to gain the greatest advantage. 3, record 16, English, - third%20generation%20warfare
Record 16, Key term(s)
- 3rd generation warfare
- 3rd generation war
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Conduite générale des opérations militaires
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- guerre de troisième génération
1, record 16, French, guerre%20de%20troisi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
- G3G 1, record 16, French, G3G
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Selon Lind, la guerre de troisième génération (G3G) apparaît également au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, cette fois-ci du côté des Allemands. Ces derniers ont mis au point la tactique d'infiltration, utilisée par les combattants d'unités de choc lors de l'offensive de 1918. Ces combattants devaient constituer la première vague d'attaque. Ils devaient infiltrer les retranchements de l'ennemi et entraîner sa perte. Lind juge qu'il s'agit là du premier exemple de la guerre de manœuvre, qu'il a contribué à populariser avec son ouvrage paru quatre ans auparavant. La guerre de manœuvre est ce que Lind nomme G3G, et elle se distingue par l'absence de linéarité et par la dispersion des troupes. [...] La G3G est entraînée par de nouveaux concepts, soit ceux de non-linéarité et de dispersion. 1, record 16, French, - guerre%20de%20troisi%C3%A8me%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration
Record 16, Key term(s)
- guerre de 3e génération
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 2016-02-29
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Pulleys and Belts
- Hoisting and Lifting
- Materials Handling
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- chain block
1, record 17, English, chain%20block
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
- chain fall 2, record 17, English, chain%20fall
avoid
- chain hoist 2, record 17, English, chain%20hoist
avoid
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A tackle which uses an endless chain rather than a rope, often operated from an overhead track to lift heavy weights especially in workshops. 3, record 17, English, - chain%20block
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
tackle : Any arrangement of ropes and pulleys to gain a mechanical advantage. 3, record 17, English, - chain%20block
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS
block: a pulley or system of pulleys in a frame, with a hook, loop, etc. for attachment. 4, record 17, English, - chain%20block
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Although LASTE and WEBIN both consider "chain hoist" (or "chain fall") as a true synonym of "chain block", strictly speaking the block is only a part of the hoist, which also includes chains or cables. 5, record 17, English, - chain%20block
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Poulies et courroies
- Levage
- Manutention
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- moufle à chaîne
1, record 17, French, moufle%20%C3%A0%20cha%C3%AEne
correct, feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Palans à bras. Ils sont de plusieurs sortes. Les palans ordinaires sont de simples moufles à chaîne à nombre de brins variable. 2, record 17, French, - moufle%20%C3%A0%20cha%C3%AEne
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Une poulie contenue dans une chape et munie d'un organe permettant de la fixer soit au fardeau, soit à un point de suspension, devient une «moufle». Cette moufle peut comporter plusieurs poulies dont le fonctionnement [...] permet de réduire et de diriger les forces. 3, record 17, French, - moufle%20%C3%A0%20cha%C3%AEne
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 2015-11-02
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- PAJLO
- Law of Contracts (common law)
- Tort Law (common law)
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- malice
1, record 18, English, malice
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Spite, ill-will or a spirit of vengeance and includes any other improper purpose, such as to gain a private collateral advantage. 2, record 18, English, - malice
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- PAJLO
- Droit des contrats (common law)
- Droit des délits (common law)
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- malveillance
1, record 18, French, malveillance
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS
malveillance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2, record 18, French, - malveillance
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 2015-06-11
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Titles of Federal Government Programs (Canadian)
- Industry/University Relations
- Labour and Employment
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- Accelerate
1, record 19, English, Accelerate
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The Accelerate program provides interns with the opportunity to transfer their skills from theory to real-world application, while companies gain a competitive advantage by accessing high-quality research expertise. 2, record 19, English, - Accelerate
Record 19, Key term(s)
- Accelerate programme
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Titres de programmes fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
- Relations industrie-université
- Travail et emploi
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- Accélération
1, record 19, French, %20Acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le programme Accélération donne aux stagiaires l’occasion de transférer leurs compétences de la théorie à l’application concrète; il procure aux entreprises un avantage concurrentiel en leur donnant accès à une expertise de grande qualité en recherche. 2, record 19, French, - %20Acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 2014-05-06
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Soccer (Europe: Football)
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- gain an advantage
1, record 20, English, gain%20an%20advantage
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Gaining an advantage by being in [offside position] means: Playing a ball that rebounds to [the player] off a post or crossbar, having previously been in an offside position. Playing a ball, that rebounds to [the player] off an opponent, having previously been in an offside position. 2, record 20, English, - gain%20an%20advantage
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Gain an advantage in offside position. 2, record 20, English, - gain%20an%20advantage
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Soccer (Europe : football)
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- tirer un avantage
1, record 20, French, tirer%20un%20avantage
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
- tirer avantage 2, record 20, French, tirer%20avantage
correct
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Tirer un avantage [en position de hors-jeu] signifie: Jouer un ballon qui rebondit sur un poteau ou sur la barre transversale après avoir été en position de hors-jeu. Jouer un ballon qui rebondit sur un adversaire après avoir été en position de hors-jeu. 3, record 20, French, - tirer%20un%20avantage
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Tirer un avantage en position de hors-jeu. 3, record 20, French, - tirer%20un%20avantage
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Fútbol
Record 20, Main entry term, Spanish
- ganar ventaja
1, record 20, Spanish, ganar%20ventaja
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 20, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Ganando ventaja [en posición fuera de juego] significa jugar un balón que rebota en un poste o en el travesaño después de haber estado en una posición de fuera de juego, o jugar un balón que rebota en un adversario después de haber estado en una posición de fuera de juego. 2, record 20, Spanish, - ganar%20ventaja
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Ganar ventaja en posición fuera de juego. 2, record 20, Spanish, - ganar%20ventaja
Record 21 - internal organization data 2012-07-09
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- maternal effect dominant embryonic arrest factor
1, record 21, English, maternal%20effect%20dominant%20embryonic%20arrest%20factor
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
- selfish genetic element Medea 1, record 21, English, selfish%20genetic%20element%20Medea%20
correct
- Medea factor 1, record 21, English, Medea%20factor
correct
- Medea element 1, record 21, English, Medea%20element
correct
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Maternal-Effect Dominant Embryonic Arrest(Medea) factors are selfish nuclear elements that combine maternal-lethal and zygotic-rescue activities to gain a postzygotic survival advantage.... These factors, which we termed Medea(M) elements, are widespread in natural populations of Tribolium flour beetles but are otherwise unknown in the invertebrate world. 1, record 21, English, - maternal%20effect%20dominant%20embryonic%20arrest%20factor
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- élément Medea
1, record 21, French, %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20Medea
correct, masculine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Un exemple d’un système d’entraînement des gènes potentiellement viable est une unité gènétique appelée Medea, découverte dans le Tribolium [castaneum] et qui renforce la biosynthèse. L’élément Medea synthétique fonctionne en codant à la fois pour une toxine exprimée maternellement, et un antidote exprimé par la voie zygotique. La toxine exprimée chez la femelle provoque la mort de tous ses descendants qui ne possèdent pas l’allèle Medea, et dans la descendance qui porte l’antidote de sauvetage Medea, les protégeant d’une mort imminente. De cette façon, la proportion des individus qui portent Medea se trouve augmentée à chaque génération, et un gène rattaché, conférant une résistance au paludisme, pourrait ainsi aboutir au résultat escompté. Medea est ainsi capable de se propager rapidement dans une population. Medea est un acronyme pour maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest, blocage d’un effet maternel embryonnaire dominant, faisant aussi allusion à la mère de la mythologe grecque qui avait tué ses enfants. 1, record 21, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20Medea
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 21, Main entry term, Spanish
- elemento Medea
1, record 21, Spanish, elemento%20Medea
correct, masculine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 21, Synonyms, Spanish
- factor Medea 2, record 21, Spanish, factor%20Medea
correct, masculine noun
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Un gen podría también adquirir ventaja eliminando durante la embriogénesis la descendencia de hembras heterocigóticas que carezcan del elemento egoísta a través de un efecto materno. Un caso bien conocido es el del “factor Medea” en el escarabajo Tribolium castaneum. 2, record 21, Spanish, - elemento%20Medea
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT
[...] una clase de genes egoístas conocida como “elementos Medea”, [...] inducen la muerte de todos sus vástagos que no heredan el gen de las madres. No está muy claro cómo hacen esto, pero el gen probablemente codifica para ambos, una toxina y un antídoto, y si la toxina está de alguna manera presente en los huevos de la madre, los embriones sin el antídoto no sobreviven. 1, record 21, Spanish, - elemento%20Medea
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Medea, por sus siglas en inglés. 3, record 21, Spanish, - elemento%20Medea
Record 22 - internal organization data 2012-06-08
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- selfish gene
1, record 22, English, selfish%20gene
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Selfish genes are parasitic sequences of DNA that increase their own frequency in a population, usually to the detriment of the organisms that carry them. Although most genes can prosper only by contributing to the well-being of their bearers, there are certain times in the life cycle of an organism when genetic elements can potentially cheat and gain a transmission advantage.... Some genes cheat by inserting extra copies of themselves into cells; some cripple or obliterate their genetic counterparts on other chromosomes. A few can even change the sex of their host so that it produces only eggs or sperm favorable to the gene's distribution. Virtually all species, including humans, harbor at least some selfish genes. 1, record 22, English, - selfish%20gene
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- gène égoïste
1, record 22, French, g%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A9go%C3%AFste
correct, masculine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans la théorie du gène égoïste, on considère que l’unité de base des êtres vivants est le gène, ou une séquence génétique. La finalité du gène est de se multiplier. Pour se reproduire, il s’associe avec d’autres gènes d’une façon temporaire ou définitive, en fonction de son intérêt. [...] Certains gènes peuvent être en plusieurs copies dans un organisme. Certains peuvent aller se joindre à un organisme différent de celui dont ils sont issus. Un organisme peut être parasité par des gènes qui ne lui sont pas utiles, mais il peut aussi se débarrasser de gènes qui ne lui sont d’aucune utilité. 2, record 22, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A9go%C3%AFste
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 22, Main entry term, Spanish
- gen egoísta
1, record 22, Spanish, gen%20ego%C3%ADsta
correct, masculine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 22, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[...] la teoría del "gen egoísta" afirma que los genes compiten entre sí para asegurarse la supremacía de unos sobre otros. 1, record 22, Spanish, - gen%20ego%C3%ADsta
Record 23 - internal organization data 2008-05-28
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- General Vocabulary
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- humbug
1, record 23, English, humbug
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage. 2, record 23, English, - humbug
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Vocabulaire général
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- tromperie
1, record 23, French, tromperie
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
- fumisterie 1, record 23, French, fumisterie
correct, feminine noun
- duperie 1, record 23, French, duperie
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
Record 24 - internal organization data 2008-04-30
Record 24, English
Record 24, Subject field(s)
- Stock Exchange
- Investment
Record 24, Main entry term, English
- insider trading
1, record 24, English, insider%20trading
correct
Record 24, Abbreviations, English
Record 24, Synonyms, English
- insider dealing 2, record 24, English, insider%20dealing
correct
Record 24, Textual support, English
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The purchase and sale of company shares by persons who are in a position of authority and take advantage of their position for personal gain. 3, record 24, English, - insider%20trading
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Not all insider trading is illegal. Company executives frequently buy and sell stock in their own firms. ... As long as they report their trades to regulators within 10 days of the trade and they’re not acting on information that has not been publicly disclosed, there’s no problem. 4, record 24, English, - insider%20trading
Record 24, French
Record 24, Domaine(s)
- Bourse
- Investissements et placements
Record 24, Main entry term, French
- opération d'initié
1, record 24, French, op%C3%A9ration%20d%27initi%C3%A9
correct, feminine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, French
Record 24, Synonyms, French
- transaction d'initié 2, record 24, French, transaction%20d%27initi%C3%A9
correct, feminine noun
Record 24, Textual support, French
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Vente ou achat de titres d'un émetteur, effectué par une personne qui est considérée comme un initié vis-à-vis de cet émetteur. 3, record 24, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20d%27initi%C3%A9
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Comparer avec «délit d'initié». 4, record 24, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20d%27initi%C3%A9
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Les équivalents français sont employés le plus souvent dans un sens collectif lorsqu'ils font référence aux dispositions légales et aux règles régissant les conflits d'intérêts. 5, record 24, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20d%27initi%C3%A9
Record 24, Spanish
Record 24, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bolsa de valores
- Inversiones
Record 24, Main entry term, Spanish
- comercio de iniciado
1, record 24, Spanish, comercio%20de%20iniciado
correct, masculine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 24, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 24, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Comercio basado en información privilegiada o confidencial, especialmente operaciones bursátiles relacionadas con una posible OPA. Se puede hacer por los propios ejecutivos o a través de terceros que los usan como confidentes. 2, record 24, Spanish, - comercio%20de%20iniciado
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Aunque ilegal y muy castigado en Estados Unidos, el comercio de iniciado es todavía frecuente en España. 2, record 24, Spanish, - comercio%20de%20iniciado
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS
comercio de iniciado: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial. 3, record 24, Spanish, - comercio%20de%20iniciado
Record 25 - internal organization data 2005-07-27
Record 25, English
Record 25, Subject field(s)
- Training of Personnel
- Education Theory and Methods
- Internet and Telematics
Record 25, Main entry term, English
- learning management
1, record 25, English, learning%20management
correct
Record 25, Abbreviations, English
Record 25, Synonyms, English
Record 25, Textual support, English
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Learning Management is a brand new field. This specilization will help you gain the competitive advantage by understanding how to identify, acquire, store, analyze, distribute, and use explicit tacit knowledge to enchance organizational productivity and competitiveness. 2, record 25, English, - learning%20management
Record 25, French
Record 25, Domaine(s)
- Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
- Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
- Internet et télématique
Record 25, Main entry term, French
- gestion de l'apprentissage
1, record 25, French, gestion%20de%20l%27apprentissage
proposal, feminine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, French
Record 25, Synonyms, French
Record 25, Textual support, French
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La gestion de l'apprentissage est un cours et un outil de référence en direct. Il s'adresse principalement aux spécialistes en ressources humaines qui s'occupent de la formation our les petites ou grandes organisations. Il a été conçu pour les employés du gouvernement du Canada, mais il sera utile à toute organisation. 2, record 25, French, - gestion%20de%20l%27apprentissage
Record 25, Spanish
Record 25, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Capacitación del personal
- Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
- Internet y telemática
Record 25, Main entry term, Spanish
- gestión del aprendizaje
1, record 25, Spanish, gesti%C3%B3n%20del%20aprendizaje
correct, feminine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 25, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 25, Textual support, Spanish
Record 26 - internal organization data 2003-12-16
Record 26, English
Record 26, Subject field(s)
- Specialized Vocabulary and Phraseologism of Sports
- Special-Language Phraseology
Record 26, Main entry term, English
- get the best of
1, record 26, English, get%20the%20best%20of
correct
Record 26, Abbreviations, English
Record 26, Synonyms, English
- get the better of 2, record 26, English, get%20the%20better%20of
correct
Record 26, Textual support, English
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
To gain an advantage over, whether fairly or unfairly. 3, record 26, English, - get%20the%20best%20of
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In shocking fashion, Ruth Riley got the better of Lisa. 4, record 26, English, - get%20the%20best%20of
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT
To no one’s surprise, John Fox and the Carolina Panthers got the best of the New York Giants with defense. 5, record 26, English, - get%20the%20best%20of
Record 26, French
Record 26, Domaine(s)
- Vocabulaire spécialisé et phraséologie des sports
- Phraséologie des langues de spécialité
Record 26, Main entry term, French
- triompher de
1, record 26, French, triompher%20de
correct
Record 26, Abbreviations, French
Record 26, Synonyms, French
- l'emporter sur 2, record 26, French, l%27emporter%20sur
- avoir l'avantage sur 2, record 26, French, avoir%20l%27avantage%20sur
Record 26, Textual support, French
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[...] vaincre avec l'éclat à l'issue d'une lutte, d'un jeu, d'un match. 3, record 26, French, - triompher%20de
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les Sabres de Buffalo ONT TRIOMPHÉ DES Ailes de Moscou. 2, record 26, French, - triompher%20de
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Expression[s] [...] utilisée[s] [...] dans la langue des sports, pour marquer le triomphe d'un sportif ou d'une équipe sur ses concurrents. 2, record 26, French, - triompher%20de
Record 26, Spanish
Record 26, Textual support, Spanish
Record 27 - internal organization data 2003-07-15
Record 27, English
Record 27, Subject field(s)
- Corporate Economics
- Government Contracts
Record 27, Main entry term, English
- group purchasing
1, record 27, English, group%20purchasing
correct
Record 27, Abbreviations, English
Record 27, Synonyms, English
- group buying 2, record 27, English, group%20buying
correct
Record 27, Textual support, English
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT
GAIN Advantage has developed a unique strategy for group buying that makes volume discounts available to smaller organizations while maintaining a high quality of service. 2, record 27, English, - group%20purchasing
Record 27, Key term(s)
- group purchase
Record 27, French
Record 27, Domaine(s)
- Économie de l'entreprise
- Marchés publics
Record 27, Main entry term, French
- achats groupés
1, record 27, French, achats%20group%C3%A9s
correct, masculine noun, plural
Record 27, Abbreviations, French
Record 27, Synonyms, French
- groupement de commandes 1, record 27, French, groupement%20de%20commandes
correct, masculine noun
Record 27, Textual support, French
Record 27, Key term(s)
- achat groupé
Record 27, Spanish
Record 27, Textual support, Spanish
Record 28 - internal organization data 2001-09-14
Record 28, English
Record 28, Subject field(s)
- Examinations and Competitions (Education)
Record 28, Main entry term, English
- competitive examination
1, record 28, English, competitive%20examination
correct
Record 28, Abbreviations, English
Record 28, Synonyms, English
Record 28, Textual support, English
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Every one who falsely, with intent to gain advantage for himself or some other person, personates a candidate at a competitive or qualifying examination held under the authority of law or in connection with a university, college or school... is guilty of an offence... 1, record 28, English, - competitive%20examination
Record 28, French
Record 28, Domaine(s)
- Docimologie
Record 28, Main entry term, French
- examen de concours
1, record 28, French, examen%20de%20concours
correct, masculine noun
Record 28, Abbreviations, French
Record 28, Synonyms, French
Record 28, Textual support, French
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Est coupable d'une infraction punissable sur déclaration de culpabilité par procédure sommaire quiconque, faussement, avec l'intention d'acquérir un avantage pour lui-même ou pour une autre personne, se fait passer pour un candidat à un examen de concours ou d'aptitudes tenu en vertu de la loi ou relativement à une université, un collège ou une école [...] 1, record 28, French, - examen%20de%20concours
Record 28, Spanish
Record 28, Textual support, Spanish
Record 29 - internal organization data 2000-06-19
Record 29, English
Record 29, Subject field(s)
- Federal Administration
- Marketing Research
- Internet and Telematics
Record 29, Main entry term, English
- unfair commercial advantage
1, record 29, English, unfair%20commercial%20advantage
correct
Record 29, Abbreviations, English
Record 29, Synonyms, English
- unfair advantage 2, record 29, English, unfair%20advantage
correct
Record 29, Textual support, English
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Decisions to reduce the limitation period will be made taking into consideration(e) the degree to which the new employer might gain unfair commercial advantage by hiring the employee or former employee. 1, record 29, English, - unfair%20commercial%20advantage
Record 29, French
Record 29, Domaine(s)
- Administration fédérale
- Étude du marché
- Internet et télématique
Record 29, Main entry term, French
- avantage commercial indu
1, record 29, French, avantage%20commercial%20indu
correct, masculine noun
Record 29, Abbreviations, French
Record 29, Synonyms, French
Record 29, Textual support, French
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT
À la demande de tout employé ancien ou actuel, l'autorité désignée peut réduire la période de restriction relative à l'emploi. Pour en décider, l'autorité désignée tiendra compte des facteurs suivants [...] e) la mesure dans laquelle le nouvel employeur pourrait tirer un avantage commercial indu en embauchant l'employé ancien ou actuel. 1, record 29, French, - avantage%20commercial%20indu
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Terme tiré du Manuel du Conseil du Trésor/Ressources humaines. 2, record 29, French, - avantage%20commercial%20indu
Record 29, Spanish
Record 29, Textual support, Spanish
Record 30 - internal organization data 1998-09-29
Record 30, English
Record 30, Subject field(s)
- Taxation
- Corporate Economics
Record 30, Main entry term, English
- taxable benefit
1, record 30, English, taxable%20benefit
correct
Record 30, Abbreviations, English
Record 30, Synonyms, English
- taxable profit 2, record 30, English, taxable%20profit
Record 30, Textual support, English
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT
benefit : in general, any gain, advantage, or privilege that accrues or is paid to a person or to property. 1, record 30, English, - taxable%20benefit
Record 30, French
Record 30, Domaine(s)
- Fiscalité
- Économie de l'entreprise
Record 30, Main entry term, French
- bénéfice imposable
1, record 30, French, b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fice%20imposable
correct, masculine noun
Record 30, Abbreviations, French
Record 30, Synonyms, French
Record 30, Textual support, French
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT
bénéfice: gain réalisé lors d'une opération ou au cours d'une période déterminée [...] Il correspond à l'excédent net des recettes sur les dépenses. 1, record 30, French, - b%C3%A9n%C3%A9fice%20imposable
Record 30, Spanish
Record 30, Textual support, Spanish
Record 31 - internal organization data 1998-09-21
Record 31, English
Record 31, Subject field(s)
- Banking
- Remuneration (Personnel Management)
Record 31, Main entry term, English
- direct payroll deposit
1, record 31, English, direct%20payroll%20deposit
correct
Record 31, Abbreviations, English
Record 31, Synonyms, English
- direct deposit of payroll 2, record 31, English, direct%20deposit%20of%20payroll
correct
- payroll direct deposit 4, record 31, English, payroll%20direct%20deposit
- electronic deposit of payroll 4, record 31, English, electronic%20deposit%20of%20payroll
Record 31, Textual support, English
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An electronic system in which employee earnings are automatically put into the employee’s account at a depository institution. 4, record 31, English, - direct%20payroll%20deposit
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Direct Payroll Deposit. Direct payroll deposit services are attractive to most major employers because they offer opportunities for cost reductions in some of their operations, and financial institutions are promoting these services as a means to gain a more favorable competitive advantage. 4, record 31, English, - direct%20payroll%20deposit
Record 31, French
Record 31, Domaine(s)
- Banque
- Rémunération (Gestion du personnel)
Record 31, Main entry term, French
- virement des salaires
1, record 31, French, virement%20des%20salaires
correct, masculine noun
Record 31, Abbreviations, French
Record 31, Synonyms, French
- dépôt direct des salaires 2, record 31, French, d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20direct%20des%20salaires
anglicism, masculine noun
Record 31, Textual support, French
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Système qui permet aux employeurs de déposer régulièrement le salaire de leurs employés dans un compte bancaire. 3, record 31, French, - virement%20des%20salaires
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La Caisse populaire de Nicolet, grâce à son service de dépôt direct des salaires, vous offre la possibilité de déposer régulièrement le salaire de vos employés dans leur compte épargne avec opérations. 4, record 31, French, - virement%20des%20salaires
Record 31, Spanish
Record 31, Textual support, Spanish
Record 32 - internal organization data 1997-07-04
Record 32, English
Record 32, Subject field(s)
- Soil Science
- Translation and Interpretation
Record 32, Main entry term, English
- wind-blown knoll
1, record 32, English, wind%2Dblown%20knoll
correct
Record 32, Abbreviations, English
Record 32, Synonyms, English
- eroded knoll 2, record 32, English, eroded%20knoll
correct
Record 32, Textual support, English
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Precision farming is the wave of the future. Precision farming is any technological development which will help farmers gain a production advantage. It can range from a yield monitor on a combine, to idientifying WIND-BLOWN KNOLLS which can be enhanced with manure applications, to complex satellites which can mark precise locations in a field within centimeters. Precision farming is basically assessing the variability of the soil and then learning to manage the variability to optimize productivity. 1, record 32, English, - wind%2Dblown%20knoll
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT
One innovative Granton area farmer is experimenting with ways to restore the productivity of his eroded knolls. As a Tillage 2000 Program co-operator, Wilf Riddell saw areas of his fields that consistently yielded poorly. The problem areas were on the side slopes where a lack of topsoil, organic matter and moisture severely hampered yields. 2, record 32, English, - wind%2Dblown%20knoll
Record 32, French
Record 32, Domaine(s)
- Science du sol
- Traduction et interprétation
Record 32, Main entry term, French
- butte érodée par le vent
1, record 32, French, butte%20%C3%A9rod%C3%A9e%20par%20le%20vent
proposal, feminine noun
Record 32, Abbreviations, French
Record 32, Synonyms, French
Record 32, Textual support, French
Record 32, Spanish
Record 32, Textual support, Spanish
Record 33 - internal organization data 1995-11-02
Record 33, English
Record 33, Subject field(s)
- Corporate Security
- Protection of Property
- Protection of Life
- Security Devices
Record 33, Main entry term, English
- seismic detector system
1, record 33, English, seismic%20detector%20system
correct
Record 33, Abbreviations, English
Record 33, Synonyms, English
Record 33, Textual support, English
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Seismic detector systems take advantage of the fact that all tools used by burglars to gain access into a vault create sound waves that can be detected. 1, record 33, English, - seismic%20detector%20system
Record 33, French
Record 33, Domaine(s)
- Sécurité générale de l'entreprise
- Sécurité des biens
- Sécurité des personnes
- Dispositifs de sécurité
Record 33, Main entry term, French
- système à détecteur sismique
1, record 33, French, syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20d%C3%A9tecteur%20sismique
correct, masculine noun
Record 33, Abbreviations, French
Record 33, Synonyms, French
Record 33, Textual support, French
Record 33, Spanish
Record 33, Textual support, Spanish
Record 34 - internal organization data 1994-02-23
Record 34, English
Record 34, Subject field(s)
- Bankruptcy
- Finance
Record 34, Main entry term, English
- bankruptcy process
1, record 34, English, bankruptcy%20process
correct
Record 34, Abbreviations, English
Record 34, Synonyms, English
Record 34, Textual support, English
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The U. S. bankruptcy process is currently being reviewed in the United States. It is felt, particularly by survivors in the airline industry, that it enables companies that have filed protection to gain a cost advantage because of lower debt service which allows them to significantly reduce prices. 1, record 34, English, - bankruptcy%20process
Record 34, French
Record 34, Domaine(s)
- Faillites
- Finances
Record 34, Main entry term, French
- processus de mise en faillite
1, record 34, French, processus%20de%20mise%20en%20faillite
correct, masculine noun
Record 34, Abbreviations, French
Record 34, Synonyms, French
Record 34, Textual support, French
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT
On procède actuellement à la révision du processus de mise en faillite aux États-Unis. On estime en effet, surtout du côté des survivants de l'industrie de l'aviation, que le processus actuel permet aux sociétés de déclarer faillite dans le but de tirer parti de la diminution du service de la dette et ainsi d'être en mesure de sabrer dans les prix. 1, record 34, French, - processus%20de%20mise%20en%20faillite
Record 34, Spanish
Record 34, Textual support, Spanish
Record 35 - internal organization data 1993-05-12
Record 35, English
Record 35, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 35, Main entry term, English
- cognitive fidelity
1, record 35, English, cognitive%20fidelity
correct
Record 35, Abbreviations, English
Record 35, Synonyms, English
- epistemic fidelity 2, record 35, English, epistemic%20fidelity
correct
Record 35, Textual support, English
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The evolution of the SOPHIE project can be viewed as a search for the right ingredients of "cognitive fidelity" in modeling expert reasoning. SOPHIE-I abandons the automata of the METEOROLOGY tutor to take advantage of mathematically based computational formalisms, which place the emphasis on physically faithful simulations. In an effort to gain cognitive fidelity, SOPHIE-III moves away from the structurally isomorphic representations of quantitative simulations to concentrate on mental models, but in some sense it goes too far and becomes too specialized to a given form of reasoning in the context of a specific task. 3, record 35, English, - cognitive%20fidelity
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Both internal and external representational mappings can have varying degrees of epistemic fidelity, that is, they can reflect the epistemic source a little or a lot. 2, record 35, English, - cognitive%20fidelity
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 CONT
An expert system is cognitively faithful if its own internal solutions correspond to the solutions a human would produce. MATHPERT solves math problems in the way we teach students to do, rather than using high-powered algorithms. Cognitive fidelity must be designed for from the beginning, as the demand for cognitive fidelity complicates the construction of an expert system considerably. 4, record 35, English, - cognitive%20fidelity
Record 35, French
Record 35, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 35, Main entry term, French
- fidélité cognitive
1, record 35, French, fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9%20cognitive
correct, feminine noun
Record 35, Abbreviations, French
Record 35, Synonyms, French
- fidélité épistémique 1, record 35, French, fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique
correct, feminine noun
Record 35, Textual support, French
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Voir modélisation cognitive. 2, record 35, French, - fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9%20cognitive
Record 35, Spanish
Record 35, Textual support, Spanish
Record 36 - internal organization data 1989-06-27
Record 36, English
Record 36, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 36, Main entry term, English
- explicit identification
1, record 36, English, explicit%20identification
correct
Record 36, Abbreviations, English
Record 36, Synonyms, English
- explicit plan identification 1, record 36, English, explicit%20plan%20identification
correct
Record 36, Textual support, English
Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The explicit identification schemes are directed toward determining the state equations directly from observations of the system's behaviour. Continuous determination of the system's state equations allows the controller to update the gains of its adaptive elements to the proper values within one iteration of the gain computation algorithm. Thus explicit plant identification techniques have the advantage of being able to adapt rapidly to changes in the plant environment. 1, record 36, English, - explicit%20identification
Record 36, French
Record 36, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 36, Main entry term, French
- identification explicite
1, record 36, French, identification%20explicite
correct, feminine noun
Record 36, Abbreviations, French
Record 36, Synonyms, French
Record 36, Textual support, French
Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Il existe aussi des techniques d'identification implicite (par défaut). 1, record 36, French, - identification%20explicite
Record 36, Spanish
Record 36, Textual support, Spanish
Record 37 - internal organization data 1986-11-05
Record 37, English
Record 37, Subject field(s)
- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
Record 37, Main entry term, English
- leverage
1, record 37, English, leverage
correct
Record 37, Abbreviations, English
Record 37, Synonyms, English
Record 37, Textual support, English
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A gain in output force over input force by sacrificing the distance moved. Mechanical advantage or force multiplication. 1, record 37, English, - leverage
Record 37, French
Record 37, Domaine(s)
- Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
Record 37, Main entry term, French
- multiplication d'une force
1, record 37, French, multiplication%20d%27une%20force
feminine noun
Record 37, Abbreviations, French
Record 37, Synonyms, French
Record 37, Textual support, French
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La figure 2 représente un circuit hydraulique simple permettant de multiplier une force. (...) cette multiplication est faite sous réserve de sacrifier proportionnellement la longueur de déplacement du point d'application de la force. 1, record 37, French, - multiplication%20d%27une%20force
Record 37, Spanish
Record 37, Textual support, Spanish
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