TERMIUM Plus^®

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Planets that don’t orbit any star are called rogue planets. They’re the free-floating nomads of [the Milky Way] galaxy, drifting in interstellar space.  8, record 1, English, - free%2Dfloating%20planet

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Les planètes errantes sont des objets cosmiques insolites dont la masse est comparable à celle des plus grandes planètes de [la Voie lactée], mais qui ne sont pas en orbite autour d'une étoile et se déplacent librement à leur guise.  3, record 1, French, - plan%C3%A8te%20vagabonde

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planète vagabonde : désignation publiée au Journal officiel de la République française le 26 janvier 2025.  4, record 1, French, - plan%C3%A8te%20vagabonde

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Moving in unison with the overall expansion of the universe.  2, record 2, English, - comoving

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What do we mean by comoving coordinates? Comoving coordinates are coordinates that move along with the overall expansion of the universe. Imagine a distant galaxy. It is located at the coordinate(r, theta, phi). As long as no force acts on it, it will always be at that coordinate.  3, record 2, English, - comoving

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Se dit d'un objet dont le seul mouvement consiste à être entraîné par l'expansion de l'Univers.  1, record 2, French, - comobile

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L'objet comobile est entraîné, mais ne se déplace pas par rapport à l'espace, qui lui-même se dilate.  1, record 2, French, - comobile

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comobile : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 26 janvier 2025.  2, record 2, French, - comobile

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... a band of light across the night sky made up of a huge number of stars that form a large part of the galaxy that includes our sun and its planets...  4, record 3, English, - Milky%20Way

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Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is typical : it has hundreds of billions of stars, enough gas and dust to make billions more stars, and at least ten times as much dark matter as all the stars and gas put together. And it's all held together by gravity.  5, record 3, English, - Milky%20Way

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[...] bande blanchâtre floue, formée d'innombrables étoiles, constituant la trace sur la sphère céleste du disque de la galaxie à l'intérieur de laquelle se situe le Système solaire.  3, record 3, French, - Voie%20lact%C3%A9e

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La Voie lactée est le nom de notre galaxie. Foyer du Système solaire, elle est de type spiral, s'étend sur environ 100 000 années-lumière et contient 100 à 400 milliards d'étoiles. À cela il faut ajouter au moins autant de planètes.  4, record 3, French, - Voie%20lact%C3%A9e

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La Vía Láctea [...] es una galaxia espiral donde se encuentra el sistema solar y a su vez la Tierra. [...] De noche se ve como una borrosa banda de luz blanca alrededor de toda la esfera celeste. El fenómeno visual de la Vía Láctea se debe a estrellas y otros materiales que se hallan sobre el plano de la galaxia, como el gas interestelar.  3, record 3, Spanish, - V%C3%ADa%20l%C3%A1ctea

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The kSZ effect looks at photons coming from the cosmic microwave background(CMB), or light left over from an early stage in the universe's evolution. As the distant CMB photons pass through galaxy clusters, the photons shift in energy. This shift in energy shows how the galaxy clusters are moving...  2, record 4, English, - kinematic%20Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich%20effect

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kSZ : abrévation anglaise signifiant «kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich».  1, record 4, French, - effet%20cin%C3%A9matique%20Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich

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The SMC is one of the Milky Way's closest galactic neighbors. Even though it is a small, or so-called dwarf galaxy, the SMC is so bright that it is visible to the unaided eye from the Southern Hemisphere and near the equator.  1, record 5, English, - Small%20Magellanic%20Cloud%20galaxy

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Le Petit Nuage de Magellan [...] est, comme son frère, le Grand Nuage de Magellan, une petite galaxie irrégulière située à environ 210 000 années-lumière.  4, record 5, French, - Petit%20Nuage%20de%20Magellan

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SMC : acronyme anglais signifiant «Small Magellanic Cloud».  2, record 5, French, - Petit%20Nuage%20de%20Magellan

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The Large Magellanic Cloud(LMC) is the southern sky's greatest celestial wonder. It is the Milky Way's biggest satellite galaxy, just 160, 000 light-years distant, and the fourth-largest member of the Local Group.  6, record 6, English, - Large%20Magellanic%20Cloud%20galaxy

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Le Grand Nuage de Magellan est une galaxie naine située à environ 170.000 années lumière de la Terre, et qui semble en orbite autour de la Voie Lactée. Cette galaxie compte plus de 30 milliards d'étoiles, et appartient au Groupe Local, cet ensemble d'une trentaine de galaxies contenant entre autres la Voie Lactée, le Petit Nuage de Magellan, la Galaxie naine de la Petite Ourse...  4, record 6, French, - Grand%20Nuage%20de%20Magellan

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LMC : acronyme anglais signifiant «Large Magellanic Cloud».  5, record 6, French, - Grand%20Nuage%20de%20Magellan

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The main body of SagDIG shows a number of star-forming complexes that cover an appreciable fraction of the galaxy surface area. The presence of on-going star formation in a gas-rich galaxy such as this makes SagDIG an excellent laboratory...  1, record 7, English, - Sagittarius%20dwarf%20irregular%20galaxy

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La galaxie naine irrégulière du Sagittaire fait partie du Groupe local. SagDIG («Sagittarius dwarf irregular galaxy») n'est pas seulement petite, mais contient peu d'éléments plus lourds que l'hélium. Cette carence en éléments lourds de SagDIG pourrait signifier que cette galaxie est très jeune et que ses étoiles n'ont pas encore eu le temps de produire des supernovae.  2, record 7, French, - galaxie%20naine%20irr%C3%A9guli%C3%A8re%20du%20Sagittaire

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SagDIG : acronyme anglais signifiant «Sagittarius dwarf irregular galaxy».  3, record 7, French, - galaxie%20naine%20irr%C3%A9guli%C3%A8re%20du%20Sagittaire

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The Eta Carinae Nebula... is located 7 500 lightyears away from Earth and spans a distance of over 300 lightyears. It is one of the largest star-forming regions in our Milky Way galaxy.  3, record 8, English, - Carina%20Nebula

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[...] la nébuleuse de la Carène [...] se situe à environ 7 500 années-lumière de la Terre dans la constellation de la Carène (la quille). Ce nuage de poussière et de gaz brillant est l'un des incubateurs d'étoiles très massives les plus proches de la Terre. Il contient plusieurs étoiles parmi les plus brillantes et les plus massives connues.  2, record 8, French, - n%C3%A9buleuse%20de%20la%20Car%C3%A8ne

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In a galaxy, roughly once every ten thousand years, a star gets disrupted by the strong tidal forces of [a] central supermassive black hole. About half of the stellar debris continues on its original trajectory, while the other half becomes gravitationally bound and falls back towards the black hole. The accretion of this bound stellar material causes a short-lived flare of emission, known as a tidal disruption event(TDE).  3, record 9, English, - tidal%20disruption%20event

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Lorsqu'une étoile s'aventure trop près d'un trou noir, il se produit un phénomène appelé «perturbation par effet de marée». Cette perturbation se produit lorsque l'étoile se rapproche suffisamment de l'horizon des événements d'un trou noir pour être déformée puis déchirée par ses forces de marée.  2, record 9, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20de%20rupture%20par%20effet%20de%20mar%C3%A9e

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The Cartwheel galaxy, located about 500 million light-years away in the Sculptor constellation, is a rare sight. Its appearance, much like that of the wheel of a wagon, is the result of an intense event – a high-speed collision between a large spiral galaxy and a smaller galaxy...  3, record 10, English, - Cartwheel%20galaxy

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La galaxie de la Roue de chariot est surnommée ainsi à cause de sa forme. Cette configuration est plutôt rare, car les galaxies sont généralement plutôt en forme de spirale [...] Cette forme est le résultat de la collision entre une galaxie en spirale et une autre galaxie [...]  3, record 10, French, - galaxie%20de%20la%20Roue%20de%20chariot

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On écrirait mieux «charriot».  4, record 10, French, - galaxie%20de%20la%20Roue%20de%20chariot

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charriot : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 10, French, - galaxie%20de%20la%20Roue%20de%20chariot

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... cannibal galaxies devour everything that comes in their way – be it stellar dust, stars, dark matter, or even other galaxies. A cannibal galaxy can take millions of years to finish its meal before starting its next meal.  2, record 11, English, - cannibal%20galaxy

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Certaines galaxies géantes sont si immenses que les astronomes pensent qu'elles ont «avalé» d'autres galaxies [...] Notre Voie lactée ferait partie de ces galaxies cannibales!  2, record 11, French, - galaxie%20cannibale

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[The] Local Group [is] the group of more than 20 galaxies to which the Milky Way Galaxy belongs. About half are elliptical galaxies, with the remainder being of the spiral or irregular type. As in other clusters of galaxies, members are probably kept from separating by their mutual gravitational attraction.  3, record 12, English, - Local%20Group%20of%20galaxies

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La Voie Lactée est elle-même membre d'un groupe d'une cinquantaine de galaxies que l'on appelle le Groupe Local et dont la taille atteint dix millions d'années-lumière. Ce groupe est dominé par deux galaxies spirales massives, notre Voie lactée et la galaxie d'Andromède, séparées d'environ 2,5 millions d'années-lumière.  3, record 12, French, - Groupe%20Local%20de%20galaxies

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Compared to their larger cousins, which can contain hundreds of billions of stars, dwarf galaxies are typically home to a just few billion stars. A number of such dwarf galaxies orbit larger galaxies, such as the Milky Way or the Andromeda Galaxy.  2, record 13, English, - dwarf%20galaxy

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Une galaxie naine est une galaxie qui contient généralement entre un million et quelques milliards d'étoiles. Il n'y a pas de taille officielle en dessous de laquelle on désigne une galaxie comme naine, mais toute galaxie ayant un diamètre inférieur à 40 000 années-lumière peut être considérée comme une galaxie naine.  2, record 13, French, - galaxie%20naine

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The SagDEG wasn’t discovered until 1994, both because it is very dim, and because it was obscured by the central part of our galaxy. Though this galaxy is quite big(about 10, 000 light years across), it will likely be disrupted by the tidal forces from the Milky Way galaxy.  1, record 14, English, - Sagittarius%20dwarf%20elliptical%20galaxy

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[...] la galaxie naine du Sagittaire, une galaxie elliptique satellite de la Voie lactée. D'environ 10 000 années-lumière de diamètre, elle se trouve actuellement à 80 000 années-lumière de la Terre et voyage sur une orbite polaire à environ 50 000 années-lumière du centre de la Voie lactée.  2, record 14, French, - galaxie%20naine%20sph%C3%A9ro%C3%AFdale%20du%20Sagittaire

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The first clue to the shape of the Milky Way comes from the bright band of stars that stretches across the sky... This band of stars can be seen with the naked eye in places with dark night skies. That band comes from seeing the disk of stars that forms the Milky Way from inside the disk, and tells us that our galaxy is basically flat.  2, record 15, English, - disk%20of%20stars

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Our Milky Way galaxy is shaped like two fried eggs glued back-to-back. A central bulge of stars sits in the middle of a sprawling disk of stars. Though this is a common feature among myriad spiral galaxies, astronomers have spent decades puzzling out how and when the Milky Way's central bulge might have formed.  2, record 16, English, - central%20bulge

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The term "bulge" is used to describe the dense spheroidal swarm of stars often found in the centres of spiral and S0 galaxies. The bulge of the Milky Way appears to be fairly typical... while bulge sizes in other galaxies vary from several hundred to several tens of thousands of light years, depending on the type and size of the galaxy.  2, record 17, English, - galactic%20bulge

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The European Space Agency's Gaia satellite, launched in 2013, is becoming one of history's greatest star mappers. It relies on a suite of high-precision instruments to measure star brightness, distance, and composition. The ambitious goal is to create a three-dimensional map of our Milky Way galaxy.  2, record 18, English, - star%20mapper

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... un ... catalogue a été élaboré à partir des mesures de position effectuées par les «repéreurs d'étoiles» d'Hipparcos (dispositifs ayant servi à repérer les étoiles à observer par le satellite).  1, record 18, French, - rep%C3%A9reur%20d%27%C3%A9toiles

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With greater mass and thus greater gravity, supermassive black holes attract more matter that becomes hotter and more volatile. In some cases, this super-heated matter shoots off into the universe as jets of gas that can be millions of light-years long. Astronomers have observed these gas ejections, known as outflow, and see it as a way of regulating galaxy expansion and the birth of new stars.  2, record 19, English, - outflow

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Des astronomes ont produit une image détaillée d'une éruption colossale en provenance du trou noir supermassif le plus proche de nous : celui au centre de la galaxie Centaurus A, dont la taille équivaut à celle de 16 lunes complètes dans le ciel.  2, record 19, French, - %C3%A9ruption

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[When] photons pass through a galaxy cluster, a particularly interesting effect ensues : the hot, ionised gas permeating these huge cosmic structures interacts with the photons and modifies their energy distribution in a characteristic way. This phenomenon, known as the Sunyaev-Zel' dovich effect, represents a powerful tool for detecting galaxy clusters out to high redshift.  2, record 20, English, - Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich%20effect

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Stephen Hawking famously built on Penrose's theorem to upend theories about the origin of the Universe after the pair worked together on singularities. Singularities became central to every theory about the nature, history and future of the Universe. Experimentalists identified other singularities – including the one at the heart of the hypermassive black hole at the centre of our own galaxy...  2, record 21, English, - hypermassive%20black%20hole

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N-body simulations are used in astrophysics to model galaxy evolution, colliding galaxies, dark matter distribution in the Universe, and planetary systems. They are also used in simulations of molecular structures.  3, record 22, English, - N%2Dbody%20simulation

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Les astrophysiciens ont sélectionné 180 000 de ces galaxies pour étudier l'homogénéité de l'Univers aujourd’hui et à différentes époques passées. Ils ont combiné la méthode utilisée sur les données de SDSS [Sloan Digital Sky Survey] avec une analyse fondée sur une théorie plus générale reposant sur les fractales. Ils ont aussi utilisé une simulation à N corps modélisant l'évolution de l'Univers et la formation des grandes structures pour valider leur approche.  1, record 22, French, - simulation%20%C3%A0%20N%20corps

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HST Image of NGC 4261 : A giant disk of cold gas and dust fuels a possible black hole at the core of the galaxy. Estimated to be 300 light-years across, the disk is tipped enough(about 60 degrees) to provide astronomers with a clear view of the bright hub, which presumably harbors the black hole.  2, record 23, English, - bright%20hub

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The irregular galaxies are quite different from both the elliptical and the spiral galaxies. They have no central nucleus, no spiral arms, and apparently no plane of symmetry. Common examples of this type of galaxy are the Magellanic Clouds...  1, record 24, English, - irregular%20galaxy

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[...] le groupe des galaxies irrégulières comprend des objets de formes très diverses, dépourvues de la symétrie de révolution commune aux spirales et aux nébuleuses elliptiques. C'est à ce groupe qu'on rattache les nuées de Magellan [...]  1, record 24, French, - galaxie%20irr%C3%A9guli%C3%A8re

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A vast mass of gas, contracting under its own gravity but not yet(or not extensively) formed into stars, postulated as a preliminary stage in the evolution of a galaxy.  2, record 25, English, - protogalaxy

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Nuage de gaz à partir duquel se forme une galaxie, par contraction gravitationnelle.  2, record 25, French, - protogalaxie

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The spiral nebula NGC 4736 ...  1, record 26, English, - spiral%20nebula

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Figure 173 shows a nebula--a spiral galaxy or island universe from which the planets could certainly not have condensed.  1, record 26, English, - spiral%20nebula

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[...] ainsi qu'en atteste, par exemple, la forme des nébuleuses spirales.  3, record 26, French, - n%C3%A9buleuse%20spirale

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Mais on a longtemps utilisé l'appellation de «nébuleuses extra-galactiques» ou encore de «nébuleuses spirales», du fait qu'un certain nombre d'entre elles (mais pas toutes) ont une forme spiralée.  2, record 26, French, - n%C3%A9buleuse%20spirale

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The plane of the Galaxy is clearly defined and certain very high intensity areas stand out...  1, record 27, English, - plane%20of%20the%20Galaxy

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La figure montre que la Galaxie est réellement un système aplati, symétrique par rapport au plan principal, dit plan galactique.  1, record 27, French, - plan%20galactique

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In finding the nucleus of our galaxy we automatically locate the relative position of the sun.  1, record 28, English, - galactic%20nucleus

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[...] la distribution des étoiles dans la Galaxie témoigne de deux tendances bien nettes : 1. forte concentration vers le plan galactique; 2. concentration vers le centre de la Galaxie. Cette dernière tendance se renforce à l'approche de la partie centrale appelée souvent «condensation galactique centrale» et parfois noyau.  1, record 28, French, - condensation%20galactique%20centrale

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On les appelle parfois noyaux galactiques. C'est une région très importante et relativement peu étudiée encore, dont la part de la masse galactique est faible et qui est constituée d'étoiles analogues à celles de la composante sphérique de la Galaxie.  2, record 28, French, - condensation%20galactique%20centrale

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A mass of gas or dust within a galaxy, typically visible either as a luminous patch or as a dark silhouette against a brighter background.  2, record 29, English, - nebula

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Masa de materia cósmica en estado muy diluido que se presenta como una nube y da origen, al concentrarse, a una estrella o enjambre de ellas.  2, record 29, Spanish, - nebulosa

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La Vía Láctea es una nebulosa.  3, record 29, Spanish, - nebulosa

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A galaxy that has a generally elliptical shape and that has no apparent internal structure or spiral arms...  2, record 30, English, - elliptical%20galaxy

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The late Edwin P. Hubble [...] recognized three basic structures for the nearer galaxies :"elliptical, ""spiral, "and "irregular. "[...] The elliptical galaxies [...] seem to be similar in appearance to the globular clusters although they are much larger and contain many more stars. They vary in shape from spheres to ellipsoids whose major axis is about five times longer than the minor axis. Since rotation causes flattening, the faster a galaxy rotates the more ellipsoidal it is.  3, record 30, English, - elliptical%20galaxy

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Les galaxies sont réparties suivant leur aspect, en trois grandes catégories : elliptiques, spirales et irrégulières. Les images des premières, circulaires ou vaguement elliptiques, ne montrent pas de structure spiralée.  2, record 30, French, - galaxie%20elliptique

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We observed Sextans... using the prime focus wide field camera(WFC) of the 2. 54 m Isaac Newton Telescope(La Palma, Spain), on February and April 2001. The panoramic detector of the WFC consists of four thinned EEV CCDs of 2048x4096 pixels each... The 34’x 34’ field of view covered the entire galaxy.  1, record 31, English, - panoramic%20detector

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EEV technologies provide Imaging Sensors and Cameras such as CCDs (charged coupled device).  2, record 31, English, - panoramic%20detector

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Le meilleur instrument pour sonder la voûte céleste demeure le télescope. Jusqu'à la fin des années soixante-dix environ, on construisait des télescopes au diamètre toujours plus grand afin d'augmenter la quantité de lumière s'imprégnant sur une plaque photographique, le meilleur détecteur panoramique alors disponible. [...] La technologie des détecteurs fit un bond de géant vers la fin des années soixante-dix avec l'arrivée des caméras CCD (Charged Coupled Device).  1, record 31, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20panoramique

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A simple curve in the plane which continuously winds about itself either into some point or out from some point.  2, record 32, English, - spiral

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

exponential, logarithmic spiral.  3, record 32, English, - spiral

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 PHR

spiral convexity, galaxy templates, motion.  3, record 32, English, - spiral

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 PHR

spiral of Archimedes, spiral of Bernoulli.  3, record 32, English, - spiral

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courbe plane qui, tout en effectuant des révolutions autour d'un point fixe ou d'un pôle d'attraction, s'en écarte de plus en plus.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

La spirale descend, domine, s'enroule, s'étend, évolue, forme des démons, manque de place, monte, naît.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 PHR

absorber, décrire, discrétiser, engendrer, générer, interpréter, itérer, rectifier, randoniser une spirale.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 PHR

spirale analytique, autosimilaire, brisée, convexe, discrète, équiangulaire, exponentielle, fractale, hélicoïdale, hyperbolique, labyrinthique, logarithmique, multilinéaire, parabolique, sinusoïdale, sphérique, unidimensionnelle.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 4 PHR

spirale d'Archimède, de Bernoulli (lemniscate, spira mirabilis), de Cornu (clothoïde), de Cotes, de Descartes, de Fermat, de Mendès-France (nouille de Tasmanie), de Norwich, de Sturm, de Théodorus, de Toricelle, en ressort.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 5 PHR

dynamique, équation, foyer, invariance, itération, limite, méandres, mouvement, pavage, reconnaisseur, rectification, texture de spirale.  2, record 32, French, - spirale

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Population II stars"... are relatively aged objects of low metal content, i. e. they are mainly hydrogen and perhaps helium, with little or no gas and dust; orbits have a high eccentricity(often outside of the galactic plane).... Examples include the globular star clusters of our own galaxy. These stars are on the average one hundred times less luminous than population I stars. Masses do not exceed 1 1/2 times that of our sun. Ages approach 10¹⁰ years.  1, record 33, English, - population%20II

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il semble donc exister deux types de populations stellaires : celle des parages solaires, dans la Voie Lactée, que Baade appelle la «population I» et celle des amas globulaires que Baade appelle la «population II» [...]  1, record 33, French, - population%20II

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A large, relatively dust-free, spherical region surrounding a spiral galaxy, such as our own [Milky Way].  3, record 34, English, - galactic%20halo

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The inner, visible part of the halo, which has roughly the same diameter as the galactic disk, is occupied by Population II objects, including globular clusters and old, individual stars. Beyond this is a much larger region, called the dark halo or extended halo, containing large amounts of dark matter, the presence of which is revealed by its gravitational effect on the galaxy’s rotation. The nature of galactic dark matter is still undetermined but the most popular theory, supported by some recent observations, is that the dark halo is home to vast numbers of small, unseen bodies known as MACHOs.  3, record 34, English, - galactic%20halo

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le halo galactique est une région de l'espace entourant les galaxies spirales, et notamment notre Galaxie, la Voie lactée. On pense que le halo galactique est principalement constitué d'étoiles, de gaz et de matière noire. Dans une galaxie elliptique, il n'y a pas de transition nette entre le corps de la galaxie et le halo.  2, record 34, French, - halo%20galactique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scientists and engineers in Victoria, for example, are working on innovative adaptive optics systems for Gemini and, with partners in the U. K., built the first "facility-class" instrument, the GMOS spectrograph, delivered to Gemini North last year. GMOS produced a spectacular image dubbed the "perfect spiral galaxy". GMOS will be used by astronomers to study the most distant galaxies known in our Universe.  3, record 35, English, - Gemini%20multiple%2Dobject%20spectrograph

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

GMOS (Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph) est un spectrographe multi-objets spécialement conçu pour les deux télescopes Gemini. Il est capable d'observer simultanément des centaines d'étoiles, de galaxies ou de quasars extrêmement faibles avec une précision sans précédent. Il peut aussi obtenir des milliers de spectres de sections individuelles d'astres étendus comme des galaxies ou des nébuleuses. GMOS est opérationnel depuis octobre 2001 sur Gemini North alors que celui qui équipe Gemini South est commissionné en ce moment même et devrait être déclaré opérationnel très prochainement.  3, record 35, French, - spectrographe%20multi%2Dobjets%20Gemini

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of tiny white inclusions which result in a milky or cloudy appearance.  2, record 36, English, - cloud

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Clouds are hazy or milky areas in a diamond that occasionally resemble a galaxy. Most clouds are made up of crystals too tiny to see individually under ten-power magnification. Clouds may be hard to find in diamonds with high clarity grades.  3, record 36, English, - cloud

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone nébuleuse ou laiteuse causée par de fines inclusions cristallines.  2, record 36, French, - nuage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nuages. Les nuages sont des zones «neigeuses» à l'intérieur d'un diamant, leur apparence rappelle parfois celle d'une galaxie. La plupart des nuages sont constitués de cristaux si petits qu'il est impossible de voir chacun d'entre eux, même sous un grossissement de 10 fois. Il est très difficile de trouver des nuages dans les diamants très «purs».  3, record 36, French, - nuage

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[One of the] two concentric, toroid (or donut-shaped) regions of stably trapped charged particles [mostly protons] that exist because the geomagnetic field near the Earth is strong and field lines are closed.  1, record 37, English, - inner%20Van%20Allen%20radiation%20belt

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Inner Belt has a maximum proton density near 5,000 km above the Earth’s surface, and contains mostly high energy protons produced by cosmic ray collisions with the Earth’s upper atmosphere.  1, record 37, English, - inner%20Van%20Allen%20radiation%20belt

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A small but very intense "inner belt"(some call it "The Van Allen Belt" because it was discovered in 1958 by James Van Allen of the University of Iowa) is trapped within 4000 miles or so of the Earth's surface. It consists mainly of high-energy protons(10-50 MeV) and is a by-product of the cosmic radiation, a thin drizzle of very fast protons and nuclei which apparently fill all our galaxy.  3, record 37, English, - inner%20Van%20Allen%20radiation%20belt

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "Van Allen belt" is sometimes used to describe the "inner belt", it is rarely used to describe the "outer belt."  4, record 37, English, - inner%20Van%20Allen%20radiation%20belt

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Terre est entourée de deux zones dans lesquelles le rayonnement est particulièrement intense : la «ceinture intérieure», ou «ceinture de Van Allen», et la «ceinture extérieure». Ces zones sont dues à une sorte de capture des radiations cosmiques par le champ magnétique terrestre [...]  2, record 37, French, - ceinture%20de%20Van%20Allen%20int%C3%A9rieure

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

On a découvert deux ceintures de radiation principales ou ceintures de Van Allen. La ceinture inférieure est composée de protons d'une énergie d'environ 10⁸eV et d'électrons d'une énergie de 20 à 500 KeV. Elle commence à 2 400 et finit à 5 600 km de la Terre et repose entre les latitudes [plus ou moins] 30°.  5, record 37, French, - ceinture%20de%20Van%20Allen%20int%C3%A9rieure

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cinturónes de Van Allen: Conjunto de dos anillos que rodean el ecuador terrestre, formados por partículas de alta energía retenidas por el campo magnético terrestre.  2, record 37, Spanish, - cinturon%20interior%20de%20Van%20Allen

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The low-density plasma between stars within a galaxy. More commonly known as the interstellar medium.  2, record 38, English, - interstellar%20plasma

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Milieu interstellaire. L'espace entre les étoiles n'est pas vide, comme on l'a cru longtemps, mais contient du gaz et des poussières qui forment une fraction substantielle de la masse de notre Galaxie et d'une partie des autres galaxies. Il existe même du gaz et peut-être des poussières entre les galaxies, au moins dans les amas de galaxies (matière extragalactique).  2, record 38, French, - plasma%20interstellaire

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The flattened component of a spiral galaxy in which, together with many ordinary stars such as the Sun, lie the biggest and brightest of stars-the O stars and B stars.  2, record 39, English, - galactic%20disk

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un disque est une région des galaxies à disque, telles que les galaxies spirales ou les galaxies lenticulaires. Le disque galactique est le plan dans lequel se trouvent les spirales, les bras et les disques des galaxies à disque.  2, record 39, French, - disque%20galactique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Radio wave emanating from our galaxy.  2, record 40, English, - galactic%20radio%20wave

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

galactic : Pertaining to our galaxy, the Milky Way.  2, record 41, English, - galactic%20atmosphere

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Radio astronomy research at the University of Calgary involves the study of stellar, interstellar, and extragalactic radio emission.  2, record 42, English, - extragalactic%20radio%20emission

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

extragalactic : Outside our galaxy, which is the Milky Way.  3, record 42, English, - extragalactic%20radio%20emission

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

extragalactic : Outside our galaxy, which is the Milky Way.  2, record 43, English, - extragalactic%20radio%20wave

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

extragalactic : Outside our galaxy, which is the Milky Way.  2, record 44, English, - extragalactic%20hydrogen

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The stellar explosions are among the most energetic events in the universe ... They are the dominant source of all elements in the periodic table heavier than oxygen ... The dynamics of an exploding star, involving things like fluid flow and radiation transport, are described in equations known as partial differential equations.  2, record 45, English, - stellar%20explosion

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A supernova is a violent stellar explosion which destroys a star, while ejecting the products of nuclear burning into the gas between stars. The energy for some supernova explosions comes from the collapse of a massive star to a compact neutron star, with the mass of the Sun, but the size of a city. Elements out of which the Earth is formed had their origin in ancient supernova explosions in our own Milky Way Galaxy.  3, record 45, English, - stellar%20explosion

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Part of the information contained in the English module of this record was provided by students of the Introduction to Terminology and Terminography class, section A, U. of Ottawa, Fall 2004.  4, record 45, English, - stellar%20explosion

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène de l'expansion gazeuse plus ou moins violente qui touche certaines zones d'une étoile ou l'étoile entière. Dans le premier cas, le phénomène relève de l'activité normale de chaque étoile, alors que, dans le second, il s'agit d'un événement exceptionnel.  1, record 45, French, - explosion%20stellaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si l'explosion stellaire n'est pas très violente, l'étoile observée prend le nom de «flare star». Dans le cas contraire, on assiste à la naissance d'une nova ou d'une supernova.  1, record 45, French, - explosion%20stellaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Certains renseignements inclus dans le module français de cette fiche ont été fournis par les étudiants du cours d'Initiation à la terminologie et à la terminographie, section A, U. d'Ottawa, automne 2004.  2, record 45, French, - explosion%20stellaire

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un astrónomo [...] captó la imagen de una estrella en el momento de su explosión, y el Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) piensa que puede ser "un nuevo tipo de explosión estelar". La imagen captada permite observar el "eco de luz" alejándose de la estrella [...] El fenómeno del "eco de luz" captado por los astrónomos es muy poco frecuente, y se produce cuando tras la explosión de una estrella, la energía producida crea una burbuja de luz que se expande a gran velocidad y que en el caso de esta estrella provocó que su luminosidad aumentara 10.000 veces en apenas unas semanas, explica el IAC.  1, record 45, Spanish, - explosi%C3%B3n%20estelar

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A spherically symmetrical compact cluster of stars, containing from several tens of thousands to maybe a million stars that are thought to share a common origin ....  2, record 46, English, - globular%20cluster

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... globular clusters are characterized by extreme stability.... Globular clusters contain few if any early-type stars on the main sequence.... There are about 121 globular clusters known. Of these 30... reside in a very small portion(2%) of the sky... these clusters [are] concentrated about the center of our galaxy.  3, record 46, English, - globular%20cluster

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agglomération d'étoiles à symétrie sphérique, pouvant contenir plusieurs centaines de milliers d'étoiles et présentant une importante concentration centrale, leur diamètre est de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de parsecs.  2, record 46, French, - amas%20globulaire

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les "amas globulaires" [...] qui flottent dans l'espace éloigné, non loin du centre de notre système stellaire, en sont des exemples typiques. Il semble que leurs étoiles se soient formées en une fois à une époque reculée, par condensation de la totalité de la matière disponible.  3, record 46, French, - amas%20globulaire

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un conglomerado globular consta generalmente de unas 100 000 estrellas apiñadas en un espacio relativamente reducido, de forma esférica que, en razón de su rotación, sufre a veces un achatamiento [...]  1, record 46, Spanish, - conglomerado%20globular

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On 8 September, UNESCO celebrates International Literacy Day. Some people may believe that, in the audiovisual age, writing is outmoded; but this is by no means true. On the one hand, the written word is still indispensable as a reference point or a compass, enabling us to get our bearings in the galaxy of visual images. On the other hand, written knowledge is as vital as ever to the self-realization of every individual, every social group and every nation. Mastery of the written word is still a condition of access to knowledge and the full exercise of citizenship. Although illiteracy, in oral civilizations, can clearly not be equated with ignorance, it is a major obstacle to the acquisition of the knowledge and know-how that are essential for daily life in modern society.  1, record 47, English, - International%20Literacy%20Day

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'UNESCO célèbre le 8 septembre la Journée Internationale de l'alphabétisation. Même si certains pensent qu'à l'époque du «tout image», l'écrit est dépassé, il n'en est rien. D'une part, l'écrit reste indispensable comme repère, ou comme boussole, dans la galaxie de l'image. D'autre part, le savoir écrit est toujours aussi vital pour l'affirmation de chaque personnel de chaque groupe social, de chaque nation. La maîtrise de l'écrit conditionne encore et toujours l'accès au savoir et au plein exercice de la citoyenneté. Si, dans les civilisations de l'oralité, l'analphabétisme n'est évidemment pas synonyme d'ignorance, il se révèle un obstacle majeur à l'acquisition des connaissances indispensables à la vie quotidienne dans une société moderne.  1, record 47, French, - Journ%C3%A9e%20internationale%20de%20l%27alphab%C3%A9tisation

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Among the myriad stars of our Galaxy, a handful are observed regularly emitting pulses of X-rays.... The pulsing X-rays are detected with instruments on spacecraft orbiting above the Earth's atmosphere... The same material that produces the X-ray pulsations also cause the neutron stars to spin faster or slower so much can be learned about the details of the accretion process or the neutron star by monitoring its changes in pulse frequency, which measures the rotation rate.  2, record 48, English, - X%2Dray%20pulsation

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the best studied radio galaxies, this image is composed of a very smooth cigar-shaped emission region closely aligned with the radio axis, upon which is superimposed a string of bright knots that might be stars or dust. This suggests that a jet of high speed gas, presumably ejected from a black hole at the core of the galaxy, might be triggering star formation along its path.  2, record 49, English, - radio%20axis

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interstellar gas and dust. The main constituents of our galaxy or Milky Way are the stars. However, the space between the stars is not empty, but is occupied with a significant amount of matter in the form of gas and dust... Roughly speaking the stars constitute 70% and the gas 30% of the mass of the Milky Way in the neighborhood of the sun... By far most of the interstellar gas is hydrogen. As of the present time, only the atomic form of hydrogen has ben detected, although it is certainly possible that molecular hydrogen may also be found.  2, record 50, English, - interstellar%20gas

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Although interstellar gas is possibly 100 hundred times as dense, on the average, as the dust, because of its high tranparency it is not visible by reflected starlight, nor does it contribute to the general interstellar absorption.  3, record 50, English, - interstellar%20gas

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Poussière interstellaire, composant solide sous forme de grains de dimensions extrêmement faibles (de l'ordre de 0,1 µm) qui, avec les étoiles, le gaz interstellaire et les particules de haute énergie, constitue la Galaxie, ces mêmes constituants étant présents dans les autres galaxies.  2, record 50, French, - gaz%20interstellaire

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les étoiles chaudes font briller le gaz de leur voisinage. Il est d'usage d'appeler les régions les plus brillantes du gaz interstellaire «nébuleuses diffuses», dont la plus brillante est celle de la constellation d'Orion [...]  3, record 50, French, - gaz%20interstellaire

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Big bang nucleosynthesis and straight counting of luminous matter in the galaxy places constraints on the amount of baryonic matter(ordinary matter made up of protons and neutrons) in the Universe which helps to fix the amount of dark matter(because the density left over must be made up of it).  2, record 51, English, - nucleosynthesis

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Cosmic, galactic, premordial nucleosynthesis.  3, record 51, English, - nucleosynthesis

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces marqueurs sont en quantités très faibles par rapport aux concentrations en radio-éléments «naturels» provenant de la nucléosynthèse de la matière terrestre.  2, record 51, French, - nucl%C3%A9osynth%C3%A8se

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Nucléosynthèse stellaire.  3, record 51, French, - nucl%C3%A9osynth%C3%A8se

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Hubble Space Telescope has revealed a new class of object in the universe. A "starburst galaxy" is a group of star clusters resulting from the collision of two galaxies. The energy created is greater than 500 billion suns. Can it happen here? The Milky Way seems to be headed straight for the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Goodbye, Earth-in 5 or 10 billion years.  1, record 52, English, - starburst%20galaxy

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

galaxie croisée, galaxie hybride : qui résulte du croisement d'éléments anormalement réunis.  2, record 52, French, - galaxie%20crois%C3%A9e

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

galaxie croisée; galaxie hybride : termes français confirmés par deux astronomes de l'Agence spatiale européenne.  3, record 52, French, - galaxie%20crois%C3%A9e

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Cartwheel Galaxy located 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor.  1, record 53, English, - constellation%20Sculptor

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most fruitful direction to look for "microlensing" is towards the Milky Way's nearest neighbouring galaxy, The Large Magellanic Cloud. Any light that reaches earth from the Cloud will have had to go through the Milky Way's halo, so if the halo is packed with MACHOs, their effect should show up.  1, record 54, English, - microlensing

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The microlensing that makes stars seem brighter has a big brother of an illusion: the so-called gravitational lensing of one entire galaxy’s light by another one lying in the way.  1, record 54, English, - microlensing

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir mini-lentille, effet lenticulaire gravitationnel et stratification lenticulaire.  1, record 54, French, - effet%20mini%2Dlenticulaire

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the shape of sections of certain galaxies called spirals; these sections are two so-called arms composed of stars dust and gas extending from the center of the galaxy and coiled about it; Lapedes, DN, Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974  1, record 55, English, - spiral%20arm

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

L'un des deux bras d'une galaxie spirale.  2, record 55, French, - bras%20spiral

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gravitating body that bends light and other radiation from a more distant object, usually producing two or more images of the latter. The term is generally used to mean a galaxy or cluster of galaxies that focuses the light of more distant quasars lying behind it.  1, record 56, English, - gravitational%20lens

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système optique constitué par le champ de gravité d'un corps de densité extrême (en général un trou noir).  1, record 56, French, - lentille%20gravitationnelle

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The image conjured up by the phrase "What is it like to be X"? is so seductive and tempting.... Our minds are so flexible, so willing to accept this notion, this idea that there is "something it is like to be a bat. "Furthermore, we also willingly buy the idea that there are certain things that it is "like something to be"-"be-able things, "or "BATs" for short-such as bats, cows, people; and other things for which this doesn’t hold-such as balls, steaks, galaxies(even though a galaxy may contain innumerable be-able things). What is the criterion for "BAT-itude"?  1, record 57, English, - BAT%2Ditude

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See be-able thing.  2, record 57, English, - BAT%2Ditude

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a des choses soyables, des CS en abrégé - comme les chauve-souris, les vaches, les gens; et d'autres pour lesquelles ce n'est pas vrai - comme des balles, des steakes, des galaxies... Mais alors, à quoi peut-on voir la CS-ité?  1, record 57, French, - CS%2Dit%C3%A9

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF

our galaxy and smaller systems form a cluster, tied together by their mutual gravitational attraction, and moving along complicated orbits dictated by the interaction of all members.  2, record 58, English, - galaxy%20cluster

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BT-138  1, record 58, French, - amas%20de%20galaxies

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 59,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the density of gas is greater in a spiral arm(of a galaxy) than between arms...  1, record 59, English, - interarm

Record 59,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 DEF

se dit d'une région située entre les bras d'une galaxie. (CILF)  1, record 59, French, - interbras

Record 59,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 60,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A class of relatively weak radio sources associated with clusters of galaxies and characterized by a high-brightness "head" close to the optical galaxy and a long low-brightness "tail".  1, record 60, English, - Head%2DTail%20galaxies

Record 60,  Textual support,  French

Record 60,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 61,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A well-defined type Sc spiral galaxy(NGC 5194) that is face-on to us. It lies at an estimated distance of 11. 5 megaparsecs in the constellation Canes Venatici, the nearest bright star being Eta Ursae Majoris in the Plough. A small companion galaxy, NGC 5195, appears to be connected to it by an extension of one of the spiral arms.  1, record 61, English, - Whirlpool%20galaxy

Record 61,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 CONT

la Galaxie des Chiens de Chasse (NGC 5194) peut aussi être repérée dans le premier tiers du segment Alkaid-Cor Caroli, respectivement Eta de la Grande Ourse et Alpha des Chiens de Chasse.  1, record 61, French, - Galaxie%20des%20Chiens%20de%20Chasse

Record 61,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 62,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a galaxy which contains a double nucleus imbedded in a common halo.  1, record 62, English, - dumbbell%20galaxy

Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"First cousins" to double galaxies are the dumbbell galaxies, which optically present the image of two well-defined nuclei in a common, probably stellar, envelope.  1, record 62, English, - dumbbell%20galaxy