TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

GaAlAs means :gallium aluminium, arsenide.  2, record 1, English, - GaAlAs%20injection%20laser

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

GaAlAs signifie : gallium, aluminium, arséniure.  1, record 1, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20injection%20en%20GaAlAs

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A copper indium gallium selenide solar cell... is a thin-film solar cell used to convert sunlight into electric power. It is manufactured by depositing a thin layer of copper, indium, gallium and selenium on glass or plastic backing, along with electrodes on the front and back to collect current.  1, record 2, English, - copper%20indium%20gallium%20selenide%20solar%20cell

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les cellules CIGS peuvent également être fabriquées par impression. Dans ce cas, les éléments requis sont immergés sous forme de nanoparticules dans une encre. Une imprimante spécifique est alors employée pour déposer les différentes couches composant les cellules, à température ambiante et dans un environnement classique (pas de vide, d'atmosphère inerte, etc.).  2, record 2, French, - cellule%20solaire%20cuivre%20%2D%20indium%20%2D%20gallium%20%2D%20s%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CIGS : acronyme désignant les éléments chimiques cuivre, indium, gallium et sélénium.  4, record 2, French, - cellule%20solaire%20cuivre%20%2D%20indium%20%2D%20gallium%20%2D%20s%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A GaAs FET... is simply a [field effect transistor] with a diode gate structure... made from gallium arsenide(GaAs)...  2, record 3, English, - gallium%20arsenide%20field%20effect%20transistor

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A plant of the family Rubiaceae.  3, record 4, English, - smooth%20bedstraw

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

smooth bedstraw: preferred common name in the Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds (2003).  3, record 4, English, - smooth%20bedstraw

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Galium mollugo(Linnaeus) ;Gallium album(Miller).  3, record 4, English, - smooth%20bedstraw

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plante de la famille des Rubiaceae.  2, record 4, French, - gaillet%20mollugine

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gaillet mollugine : nom à privilégier selon l'Inventaire des mauvaises herbes du Canada (2003).  2, record 4, French, - gaillet%20mollugine

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Galium mollugo (Linnaeus); Gallium album (Miller).  2, record 4, French, - gaillet%20mollugine

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new Gallium Arsenide Phosphide Photo Diode, or GPD for short, is 1000 times faster in response than the CdS cells still used in the majority of cameras.  1, record 5, English, - Gallium%20Arsenide%20Phosphide%20Photo%20Diode

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La plupart des nouveaux appareils photo 24 X 36 sont des modèles automatiques, comportant (...) une cellule au silicium ou au Ga As P (phospho-arséniure de gallium).  1, record 5, French, - cellule%20au%20phospho%2Dars%C3%A9niure%20de%20gallium

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hollow nanofibre.  2, record 6, English, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nanotubes are most commonly made of carbon, but they have also been produced from materials such as boron nitride and gallium nitride.  3, record 6, English, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[It is] a tube with nanoscale dimensions.  3, record 6, English, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nanotube: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  4, record 6, English, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Carbon, DNA, inorganic, membrane nanotube.  5, record 6, English, - nanotube

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nanofibre creuse.  2, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les nanotubes [...] présentent des propriétés électriques, mécaniques, chimiques et thermiques exceptionnelles, suscitent un grand intérêt dans le secteur des nanotechnologies. On leur promet de nombreuses applications, notamment en microélectronique et dans le domaine des matériaux.  3, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le nanotube est une] minuscule structure tubulaire, creuse et fermée, d'un diamètre de l'ordre du nanomètre, généralement obtenue à partir d'atomes de carbone.  3, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nanotube : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  4, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Extrémité de nanotube.  5, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Nanotube métallique, semi-conducteur.  5, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Décorer, produire, purifier, synthétiser des nanotubes.  5, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Le nanotube agrège, fusionne, se groupe en faisceaux.  5, record 6, French, - nanotube

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los nanotubos son estructuras cilíndricas, cuyos extremos pueden estar abiertos o bien cerrados con una semiesfera, la mitad de un fullereno. El diámetro de un nanotubo es de unos pocos nanómetros (de ahí su nombre; esto es entre diez y cincuenta mil veces más delgado que un cabello), mientras que su longitud puede alcanzar escala macroscópica.  1, record 6, Spanish, - nanotubo

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The urgent search for more efficient solar cells has recently focused on incorporating small amounts of nitrogen into the semiconductor alloy gallium indium arsenide.  2, record 7, English, - gallium%20indium%20arsenide

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé III-V ternaire (combinaison d'arsenic, d'indium et de gallium), utilisé comme semi-conducteur dans la fabrication de composants optoélectroniques.  1, record 7, French, - ars%C3%A9niure%20d%27indium%20et%20de%20gallium

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gallium Phosphide. An indirect-gap III-V semiconductor(2. 26eV),...  1, record 8, English, - gallium%20phosphide

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Porous gallium phosphide.  2, record 8, English, - gallium%20phosphide

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé III-V binaire (combinaison de phosphore et de gallium), utilisé comme semi-conducteur dans la fabrication de composants optoélectroniques.  2, record 8, French, - phosphure%20de%20gallium

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It wasn’t until the 1980's when a new material, GaAlAs(gallium aluminum arsenide) was developed, that a rapid growth in the use of LEDs began to occur. GaAlAs technology provided superior performance over previously available LEDs. The brightness was over 10 times greater than standard LEDs due to increased efficiency and multi-layer, heterojunction type structures. The voltage required for operation was lower resulting in a total power savings. The LEDs could also be easily pulsed or multiplexed. This allowed their use in variable message and outdoor signs. LED were also designed into such application as bar code scanners, fiber optic data transmission systems, and medical equipment. Although this was a major breakthrough in LED Technology, there were still significant drawbacks to GaAlAs material. First, it was only available in a red 660nm wavelength. Second, the light output degradation of GaAlAs is greater than that of standard technology.  2, record 9, English, - gallium%20aluminum%20arsenide

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé III-V ternaire, résultant de la combinaison de l'arsenic, du gallium et de l'aluminium, utilisé comme semi-conducteur dans la fabrication de composants optoélectroniques.  1, record 9, French, - ars%C3%A9niure%20d%27aluminium%20et%20de%20gallium

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... semiconductors with different refractive indices(such as gallium arsenide and aluminum arsenide).  1, record 10, English, - aluminum%20arsenide

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé III-V binaire, utilisé comme semi-conducteur dans la fabrication de composants optoélectroniques.  2, record 10, French, - ars%C3%A9niure%20d%27aluminium

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Composé utilisé dans la fabrication de diodes laser.  2, record 10, French, - ars%C3%A9niure%20d%27aluminium

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gallium arsenide.... Prepared by melting together stoichiometric quantities of Ga and As in a sealed ampoule.... GaAs is of interest for microwave diodes and high-temperature rectifiers and transistors.  3, record 11, English, - gallium%20arsenide

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gallium arsenide : form recommended by the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  4, record 11, English, - gallium%20arsenide

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé III-V binaire (combinaison de l'arsenic et du gallium), utilisé comme semi-conducteur dans la fabrication de composants optoélectroniques.  3, record 11, French, - ars%C3%A9nure%20de%20gallium

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

arsénure de gallium : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  4, record 11, French, - ars%C3%A9nure%20de%20gallium

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia cristalina usada como semiconductor. Muy tóxico.  1, record 11, Spanish, - arseniuro%20de%20galio

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula Química: GaAs  1, record 11, Spanish, - arseniuro%20de%20galio

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CHAMPS is a modular microgravity research furnace developed for the National Research Council' s Space Division. It was flown in a Get-Away-Special(GAS) container aboard the space shuttle STS-67 in June 1993 to investigate GaAs [gallium arsenide] crystal growth by liquid phase electroepitaxy(LPEE). Combining the advantages of both dedicated and generic experimental facilities, CHAMPS allows investigators to specify their own experimental configuration while at the same time providing them with generic peripherals. Configurable hardware included thermal and gradient furnace, levitator, etc., while generic peripherals included control and data acquisition, thermal insulation, and ground support equipment.  2, record 12, English, - configurable%20hardware%20for%20multidisciplinary%20projects%20in%20space

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Having an affinity for sulfur and therefore massing in greatest concentration in the sulfide phase of a molten mass.  3, record 13, English, - chalcophile

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The chalcophile elements(according to Goldschmidt), or the thiophile elements(according to J. R. Hillebrand; 1954), are the elements of the sulfide ores : copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.  2, record 13, English, - chalcophile

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Typical chalcophile elements are Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Sb.  4, record 13, English, - chalcophile

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

S'applique aux éléments chimiques se combinant facilement au soufre [...]  3, record 13, French, - chalcophile

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rare bluish white usually trivalent metallic element having the symbol Ga, the atomic number 31, the atomic weight 69.72, which is hard and brittle at low temperatures, melts just above room temperature, expands on freezing, and is obtained usually as a by-product in the extraction of aluminium from bauxite or of zinc from zinc ores.  3, record 14, English, - gallium

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gallium : term adopted by Environment Canada; used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network(NAPS).  3, record 14, English, - gallium

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Métal rare blanc bleuâtre n'existant pas à l'état natif mais que l'on rencontre dans les blendes ferrifères ainsi que dans quelques minéraux pneumatolytiques, de symbole Ga, de numéro atomique 31, de masse atomique 69,72, qui présente la propriété de rester facilement en surfusion.  3, record 14, French, - gallium

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gallium : terme retenu par Environnement Canada; utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA).  3, record 14, French, - gallium

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Metal muy raro, n atómico 31, de la familia del aluminio, que se suele encontrar en minerales de cinc.  2, record 14, Spanish, - galio

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Formula:] GaSb. Available in an electronic grade. Use: Semiconducting devices.  1, record 15, English, - gallium%20antimonide

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gallium antimonide : form recommended by the IUPAC(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  2, record 15, English, - gallium%20antimonide

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] matériaux choisis pour faire partie de la charge utile [qui présentent] un grand potentiel commercial dans les domaines de l'électronique et des télécommunications par fibre optique. [...] l'arséniure de gallium (GaAs) et l'antimoniure de gallium (GaSb), [...] sont des semiconducteurs qui trouveront des applications dans les fibres optiques et les communications cellulaires hyperfréquence.  3, record 15, French, - antimonure%20de%20gallium

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

antimonure de gallium : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 15, French, - antimonure%20de%20gallium

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The investigator who... undertook to grow a doping superlattice was Klaus Ploog of the Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Physics in Stuttgart... The host material was gallium arsenide; the dopants were silicon atoms, serving donors, and beryllium atoms, serving as acceptors. The method of growth was molecular-beam epitaxy.  2, record 16, English, - host%20material

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: "Solid-State Superlattices", by Gottfried H. Doehler, in Scientific American.  3, record 16, English, - host%20material

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le matériau hôte (pour le premier super-réseau de dopage) était l'arséniure de gallium, les dopants étaient des atomes de silicium (les donneurs) et des atomes de béryllium (les accepteurs).  2, record 16, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20h%C3%B4te

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A solar cell part used] for conducting solar photon-generated currents from the surface of the cell.  1, record 17, English, - collector%20grid

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Collector grids have conventionally been metallic grids that can obscure the solar cell, resulting in a loss of efficiency. To reduce obscuration, some known solar cells use a transparent conductive coating(TCC), such as gallium nitride(GaN), as the collector grid.  1, record 17, English, - collector%20grid

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

grid: The fine "finger" structure made of metal on the front side of the solar cell that serves as an n-contact.  1, record 17, English, - collector%20grid

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composant d'une cellule solaire qui assure la conduction des courants photoniques provenant de la surface de la cellule.  2, record 17, French, - grille%20collectrice

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les grilles collectrices prennent traditionnellement la forme de grilles métalliques pouvant occulter la cellule solaire, ce qui se traduit par une perte de rendement. Afin de réduire l'obscurcissement, certaines cellules solaires comprennent une couche conductrice transparente, notamment à base de nitrure de gallium, en guise de grille collectrice.  2, record 17, French, - grille%20collectrice

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thin sheet of semiconductor (photovoltaic material) made by cutting it from a single crystal or ingot.  3, record 18, English, - wafer

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A wafer is] a round disc of semiconductor material [that is] most commonly silicon, although gallium arsenide and other semiconductor materials are also used. Wafers are a few millimeters thick and are available in a variety of diameters... Many integrated circuits are simultaneously fabricated on wafers during the wafer fabrication process.  4, record 18, English, - wafer

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Slice [is] another term for wafer, most often used during wafer manufacture where wafers are sliced from an ingot.  4, record 18, English, - wafer

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disque de faible épaisseur découpé dans un lingot monocristallin de matériau semiconducteur et utilisé comme matériau de base pour réaliser un ou plusieurs circuits ou composants en une seule fois.  4, record 18, French, - tranche

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fina plancha de material semiconductor [...] sobre la que se construyen microcircuitos [...]  2, record 18, Spanish, - oblea

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The orthoferrites ... have the perovskite structure.  2, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Orthoferrite-based perovskites are of interest as materials for the cathode in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).  3, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Rare-earth orthoferrite, LnFeO3 (Ln=La, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb) ceramic fibres were produced by aqueous sol-gel blow spinning process at low-temperatures.  4, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Gallium, lanthanum, rare-earth, yttrium orthoferrite.  5, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Orthoferrite film, phase.  5, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Orthoferrite-based perovskites.  5, record 19, English, - orthoferrite

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ferrite : Nom générique donné à une catégorie de composés magnétiques et isolants électriques, classés en quatre familles : 1) MFe₂O₄ de structure type spinelle, M représentant un cation bivalent (Fe, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, etc.); 2) MO.6Fe₂O₃ de structure magnétoplombite; 3) MFeO₃ orthoferrite; 4) M₃Fe₅O₁₂ de structure type grenat. Nombreuses applications en électronique.  2, record 19, French, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] dans les corps de la famille des orthoferrites de terres rares [...] il apparaît un faible ferromagnétisme perpendiculairement au plan des lamelles monocristallines.  3, record 19, French, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Orthoferrite de gallium, d'holmium, de lanthane, de terbium, de terre rare.  4, record 19, French, - orthoferrite

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Couche d'orthoferrite.  4, record 19, French, - orthoferrite

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To create a wafer from silicon, purified polycrystalline silicon is heated to a molten liquid. A small piece of solid silicon is placed on the molten liquid, and as the seed is pulled from the molten liquid, it cools to form a single crystal ingot. The crystal ingot is ground to a uniform diameter and diamond saw blade cuts the ingot into thin slices of less than 1 mm thickness. This silicon wafer is then chemically polished to give it a reflective luster.  2, record 20, English, - silicon%20wafer

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A wafer is] a round disc of semiconductor material [that is] most commonly silicon, although gallium arsenide and other semiconductor materials are also used.  3, record 20, English, - silicon%20wafer

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Blank silicon wafer.  4, record 20, English, - silicon%20wafer

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une fois recouverte de résine, la tranche de silicium est soumise à une lumière visible ou à un rayonnement ultraviolet (UV) à travers un masque représentant le motif recherché.  4, record 20, French, - tranche%20de%20silicium

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les principales phases de la fabrication d'un circuit intégré comprennent dans la plupart des cas [...] la réalisation collective des circuits sur des rondelles de silicium, par application d'un procédé technologique [...]  3, record 20, French, - tranche%20de%20silicium

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Plaquette de silicium vierge.  5, record 20, French, - tranche%20de%20silicium

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pedazo de un lingote de silicio sobre el que se fabrican circuitos integrados.  2, record 20, Spanish, - oblea%20de%20silicio

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Después de su fabricación y prueba, la oblea se corta en diminutas pastillas o plaquetas que luego se utilizan como componentes de circuitos integrados terminados siendo encapsulados posteriormente.  2, record 20, Spanish, - oblea%20de%20silicio

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Laser in which excitation occurs in a semiconductor normally excited by an electric field.  2, record 21, English, - semiconductor%20laser

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the semiconductor laser takes the form of a rectangular slab of semiconductor held between two metal connectors .... Two end faces are optically polished or cleaved parallel to each other ....  3, record 21, English, - semiconductor%20laser

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Semiconductor lasers.... Laser action takes place when free electrons in the conduction band are stimulated to recombine with holes in the valence band.... Suitable materials are the direct-gap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide.  4, record 21, English, - semiconductor%20laser

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lasers à semi-conducteurs. [...] Les cristaux utilisés sont toujours de très petites dimensions et la cavité est le plus souvent constituée par leurs faces terminales, clivées ou polies pour les rendre planes et parallèles. [...] Les diodes lasers les plus couramment disponibles sont les diodes à arséniure de gallium [...]  5, record 21, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20semi%2Dconducteur

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A Focused Ion Beam (FIB) makes use of Ga-ions to remove material with a very high spatial precision. In this way cross-sections can be made on a specific location. ... When both Ga-ions and certain gases are applied, it is also possible to deposit material. Therefore, the FIB can be used as a multifunctional tool in a broad range of applications.  2, record 22, English, - focussed%20ion%20beam

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) is in many ways similar to a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The main difference is that ions are used, instead of electrons.  2, record 22, English, - focussed%20ion%20beam

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ga-ion :Gallium ion.  3, record 22, English, - focussed%20ion%20beam

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le projet NANOFIB met au point une technique de faisceau ionique focalisé. Le diamètre du faisceau est de l'ordre de quelques nanomètres seulement, soit quelques dizaines de diamètres atomiques. [...] Ce procédé de «nanomanipulation», d'une importance cruciale pour l'avenir de la nanofabrication, a pour but de structurer les matériaux à des échelles extrêmement petites.  1, record 22, French, - faisceau%20ionique%20focalis%C3%A9

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NANOFIB: Projet européen de recherche sur les faisceaux ioniques focalisés.  2, record 22, French, - faisceau%20ionique%20focalis%C3%A9

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An IBM team lead by Mordehai Heiblum constructed a semiconductor sandwich : two outer layers of gallium aluminium arsenide(the transistor's emitter and collector terminals, analogous to the source and chain) and the ultrathin "filling" of gallium arsenide as the base. Electrons fall from one of the higher-bandgap GA1As layers into the low-bandgap GaAs interior, picking up speed like a boulder rolling down a mountainside.  1, record 23, English, - semiconductor%20sandwich

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des sandwichs; des sandwiches.  2, record 23, French, - sandwich%2Dsemiconducteurs

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sandwichs (pl.) : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 23, French, - sandwich%2Dsemiconducteurs

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whole-body scintigraphy obtained 31 months after the diagnosis shows persistently increased uptake of gallium-67 in the abdomen.  1, record 24, English, - uptake%20of%20gallium%2D67

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gallium is a Group IIIb transition metal. Gallium-67 is widely used in nuclear medicine as a tumor-imaging agent by gamma-emission scintigraphy.... Over the years, the role of 67Ga in nuclear medicine imaging for oncology has been almost exclusively focused on assessing the response of lymphomas to therapeutic maneuvers.  3, record 24, English, - uptake%20of%20gallium%2D67

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

uptake of⁶⁷Ga  4, record 24, English, - uptake%20of%20gallium%2D67

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

OEM [otite externe maligne] et scintigraphie au gallium (Ga67). Le citrate de gallium est un traceur bien connu de l'inflammation et de l'infection grâce à sa liaison directe aux leucocytes et à sa complexation avec la lactoferrine issue de l'inflammation : il se fixe sur tout foyer infectieux actif, que celui-ci soit limité aux parties molles (comme dans l'OES [otite externe sévère]) ou étendu à l'os (dans l'OEM) : une fixation du Ga67 n'est donc pas spécifique d'une OEM.  2, record 24, French, - fixation%20du%20gallium%2D67

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la fixation du FDG [fluorodésoxyglucose] est liée à une augmentation locale de l'entrée cellulaire du glucose, la fixation du gallium-67 repose sur de multiples mécanismes complexes (liaison à la transferrine, fixation lysosomiale).  1, record 24, French, - fixation%20du%20gallium%2D67

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Symbole de gallium-67 :⁶⁷Ga  3, record 24, French, - fixation%20du%20gallium%2D67

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Metasomatic deposits ... commonly are superimposed on older rocks of the intrusive complex by continuing igneous activity or fluid transport of elements of economic interest (among other); may be crosscutting with respect to intrusive units; and commonly have associated alteration which may be a guide to ore.  2, record 25, English, - metasomatic%20deposit

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Metasomatic deposits... occur in alkalic igneous rocks or surrounding country rocks, with mineralization superimposed on pre-existing rocks. The principal commodities recoverable from deposits of this type are niobium, tantalum, beryllium, yttrium, rare earths, gallium, uranium, thorium, and zirconium. Normally only one or two commodities carry the deposit economically, with others if recovered, as byproducts. The principal Canadian example is the Highwood Resources deposit at Thor Lake, NWT...  2, record 25, English, - metasomatic%20deposit

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... metasomatic deposits form by the reaction of fluids released during crystallization with pre-existing carbonatite or country rocks.  3, record 25, English, - metasomatic%20deposit

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les gîtes métasomatiques proviennent de la réaction de fluides libérés au cours de la cristallisation avec des carbonatites de formation antérieure ou avec les roches encaissantes.  4, record 25, French, - g%C3%AEte%20m%C3%A9tasomatique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Phlogopite. [...] Mica fréquent des gîtes métasomatiques de contact [...]  5, record 25, French, - g%C3%AEte%20m%C3%A9tasomatique

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «gisement de substitution» est [...] plus large que celui de «gisement par métasomatose», puisqu'il peut couvrir des mécanismes par précipitation, analogues à ceux des remplissages de vides filoniens.  3, record 25, French, - g%C3%AEte%20m%C3%A9tasomatique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The elements of economic interest in peralkaline rock-associated rare metal deposits include zirconium(Zr), niobium(Nb), beryllium(Be), uranium(U), thorium(Th), tantalum(Ta), rare-earth elements(REEs), yttrium(Y), and gallium(Ga). Commonly several elements are concentrated in a deposit.  1, record 26, English, - peralkaline%20rock%2Dassociated%20rare%20metal%20deposit

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi les éléments d'intérêt économique des gîtes de métaux rares associés à des roches hyperalcalines figurent le zirconium (Zr), le niobium (Nb), le béryllium (Be), l'uranium (U), le thorium (Th), le tantale, les éléments des terres rares (ÉTR), l'yttrium (Y) et le gallium (Ga). En général, plusieurs éléments sont concentrés dans un gîte unique.  1, record 26, French, - g%C3%AEte%20de%20m%C3%A9taux%20rares%20associ%C3%A9s%20%C3%A0%20des%20roches%20hyperalcalines

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In mining, subsidiary material worked from ore deposits in which other materials are dominant. In some cases the revenue from the by-products can exceed that from the major type, e.g. gold from porphyry copper deposits.  3, record 27, English, - by%2Dproduct

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nickel-copper sulphide deposits are sulphide concentrations that occur in certain mafic and/or ultramafic intrusions or volcanic flows. Nickel is the main economic commodity, copper may be either a coproduct or byproduct, and platinum group elements (PGEs) are usual byproducts.  4, record 27, English, - by%2Dproduct

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principal commodities recoverable from [metasomatic] deposits... are niobium, tantalum, beryllium, yttrium, rare earths, gallium, uranium, thorium, and zirconium. Normally one or two commodities carry the deposit economically, with other if recovered as byproducts.  5, record 27, English, - by%2Dproduct

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... silver and cadmium can be by-products of the mining of lead-zinc ores and uranium is an important by-product of many South African gold ores.  6, record 27, English, - by%2Dproduct

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "co-product."  7, record 27, English, - by%2Dproduct

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance utile associée dans le minerai au produit recherché par l'exploitation.  3, record 27, French, - sous%2Dproduit

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les gîtes de sulfures de nickel-cuivre sont des concentrations de sulfures qui sont encaissées dans certaines intrusions ou coulées volcaniques de composition mafique ou ultramafique. Dans [ces] gisements [...] le nickel est la principale substance utile récupérée, alors que le cuivre constitue un coproduit ou un sous-produit et les éléments du groupe du platine (EGP) forment généralement des sous-produits.  4, record 27, French, - sous%2Dproduit

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'or est souvent associé aux divers tellurures ou à des séléniures complexes [...]. Ces minerais se rencontrent en petite quantité dans beaucoup de gîtes métallifères; ainsi l'or est souvent dissous dans [...] les pyrites et pyrrhotites, la stibine, la bismuthine, les blendes et galènes, la molybdénite, etc.; il est dans ce cas un produit de récupération.  2, record 27, French, - sous%2Dproduit

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Dans les séries récentes, les métaux précieux constituent plutôt un sous-produit des métaux de base, notamment du cuivre.  5, record 27, French, - sous%2Dproduit

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Producto útil que se obtiene en la fabricación de otro principal.  1, record 27, Spanish, - subproducto

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La producción de gas de alumbrado y de coque a partir de la hulla da como subproductos alquitrán, amoniaco, azufre, etc.  1, record 27, Spanish, - subproducto

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A junction transistor in which both impurities(such as gallium and antimony) are placed in the melt at the same time and the temperature is suddenly raised and lowered to produce the alternate p-type and n-type layers of rate-grown junctions.  4, record 28, English, - rate%2Dgrown%20junction%20transistor

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par variation périodique de la vitesse de croissance du cristal.  1, record 28, French, - transistor%20%C3%A0%20jonction%20agrandie

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Variación del transistor doblemente contaminado, en que las impurezas de tipo N y de tipo P se agregan a la masa fundida.  2, record 28, Spanish, - transistor%20de%20uni%C3%B3n%20graduada

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A diagnostic procedure where mildly radioactive gallium particles are ingested, and the disease(often pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) is diagnosed by scanning the body for radioactive signature.  2, record 29, English, - gallium%20scan

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tipo de gammagrafía que se usa para diagnosticar y seguir la progresión de tumores e infecciones.  1, record 29, Spanish, - gammagraf%C3%ADa%20de%20galio

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Para este examen se inyecta por vía intravenosa una solución de galio para obtener imágenes del cuerpo entero.  1, record 29, Spanish, - gammagraf%C3%ADa%20de%20galio

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Advanced Solar Gallium Arsenide Array(ASGA) will provide valuable information on the performance of gallium arsenide(GaAs) solar arrays and on the effects of the low Earth orbit environment on their components. These solar cells, already being used in a trial form to power the Soviet MIR space station, are expected to form the backbone of the next generation of compact, high power-to-weight ratio European solar energy generators.  3, record 30, English, - advanced%20solar%20gallium%20arsenide%20array

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A laser scriber can be used in place of a diamond scriber for dicing wafers of silicon, gallium arsenide, and other semiconductor materials used in the production of semiconductor diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. The laser beam vaporizes grooves in the upper active face of the wafer, after which a breaking operation separates the chips along the grooves. This process can also be used for scribing sapphire and ceramic substrates. It is also used to drill holes in any of these substances.  1, record 31, English, - laser%20scriber

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

GaAs :gallium arsenide. A III-V compound semiconductor material used for making optoelectronic devices and high-frequency ICs.  2, record 32, English, - III%2DV%20compound

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Semiconducteur composé de deux éléments, dont l'un appartient au groupe III du tableau périodique (p.ex. gallium) et l'autre au groupe V (p.ex. arsenic). Il existe également des composés II-VI (p.ex. zinc-soufre). [Source : Rodot-Dupas, p. 11]  2, record 32, French, - compos%C3%A9%20III%2DV

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] membrane en semiconducteur composé III-V (système InGaAlAs sur InP).  3, record 32, French, - compos%C3%A9%20III%2DV

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A loose term for less common and more expensive metallic elements. Included are the alkaline-earth metals barium, strontium, and beryllium, also bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, columbium(niobium), gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, molybdenum, rhenium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, thallium, thorium, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, and zirconium.  1, record 33, English, - rare%20metals

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A team of engineers at Varo has devised a near-infrared image intensifier based on a Generation III configuration and a photocathode of the negative electron affinity indium gallium arsenide type.  1, record 34, English, - negative%20electron%20affinity%20indium%20gallium%20arsenide

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Varo a mis au point un intensificateur d'image sensible à l'infrarouge proche, à tube de Génération III et photocathode à l'arséniure d'indiumgallium NEA.  1, record 34, French, - ars%C3%A9niure%20d%27indiumgallium%20%C3%A0%20affinit%C3%A9%20aux%20%C3%A9lectrons%20n%C3%A9gatifs

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Photocathodes made from indium gallium arsenide were studied in the early 1980s, but the demand for image-intensifier tubes operating at these wavelengths was not significant until the arrival of other near-infrared devices such as solid-state lasers and fibre-optic systems.  1, record 35, English, - near%2Dinfrared%20device

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au début des années 1980, on a étudié des photocathodes en arséniure d'indium-gallium mais la demande pour des tubes sensibles dans cette région du spectre est restée insignifiante jusqu'à l'apparition d'autres types de systèmes proche infrarouge tels que lasers état-solide et dispositifs à fibre optique.  1, record 35, French, - dispositif%20proche%20infrarouge

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although based on the same microchannel plates as the earlier Generation 11 tubes, these have photocathodes made from the semiconductor gallium arsenide(GaAs) rather than the tri-alkali compounds of Generation 11 devices.  1, record 36, English, - tri%2Dalkali%20compounds

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces tubes utilisent les mêmes matrices de microcanaux que ceux de Génération II mais leurs photocathodes sont à semi-conducteur en arséniure de gallium (GaAs) semi-conducteur au lieu de composés tri-alcalins.  1, record 36, French, - compos%C3%A9s%20tri%2Dalcalins

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A team of engineers at Varo has devised a near-infrared image intensifier based on a Generation III configuration and a photocathode of the negative electron affinity indium gallium arsenidetype.  1, record 37, English, - near%2Dinfrared%20image%20intensifier

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Varo a mis au point un intensificateur d'image sensible à l'infrarouge proche, à tube de Génération III et photocathode à l'arséniure d'indiumgallium NEA.  1, record 37, French, - intensificateur%20d%27image%20sensible%20%C3%A0%20l%27infrarouge%20proche

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Standard image-intensifier tubes use gallium arsenide negative electron affinity NEA based photocathodes.  1, record 38, English, - gallium%20arsenide%20negative%20electron%20affinity%20%28NEA%29

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au début des années 1980, on a étudié des photocathodes en arséniure d'indium-gallium sensibles aux électrons négatifs, mais la demande pour des tubes sensibles dans cette région du spectre est restée insignifiante jusqu'à l'apparition d'autres types de systèmes proche infrarouge tels que lasers état-solide et dispositifs à fibre optique.  1, record 38, French, - arseniure%20de%20gallium%20sensible%20aux%20%C3%A9lectrons%20n%C3%A9gatifs%20%28NEA%29

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Very promising early results have been obtained with the so-called CLEFT process, in which a thin semiconductor film is grown on and then cleaved from a substrate. CLEFT is an acronym for cleavage of lateral epitaxial films for transfer. The method can be used with silicon, gallium arsenide, and probably other semiconductors.  1, record 39, English, - CLEFT%20process

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cellule solaire en couche mince - Procédé par clivage. On détache la couche active d'arséniure de gallium de son support qui peut être utilisé à nouveau [...] On pratique des ouvertures dans une résine photosensible déposée sur toute la surface puis carbonisée. Elle sert de masque à la croissance cristalline. Celle-ci se développe d'abord uniquement par ces ouvertures, puis s'étend latéralement sur toute la surface de la résine. [...] On colle l'ensemble côté croissance cristalline, sur un support en verre. On sépare aisément les deux parties: croissance et substrat, par clivage (Cleft Process).  1, record 39, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20par%20clivage

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Schottky-barrier diodes, the rectifying junction is formed at the interface of a deposited metal layer and a semiconductor crystal, usually silicon or gallium arsenide.  3, record 40, English, - Schottky%2Dbarrier%20diode

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une diode Schottky, ou diode à porteurs chauds, est constituée d'un contact métal-semiconducteur (en général du silicium N), le contact présente des propriétés de redressement.  3, record 40, French, - diode%20Schottky

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

it is a gallium aluminium arsenide laser  2, record 41, English, - GaAlAs%20laser

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electric cell for the direct conversion of sunlight to electric power using crystal gallium arsenide.  1, record 42, English, - gallium%20arsenide%20solar%20cell

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principaux matériaux pour photopiles. (...) 3- L'arséniure de gallium. Il s'agit du semi-conducteur offrant les meilleures performances : jusqu'à 22% de rendement pour des photopiles à l'arséniure de gallium monocristallin.  3, record 42, French, - photopile%20%C3%A0%20l%27ars%C3%A9niure%20de%20gallium

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish