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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Urbanism and disurbanism in the Soviet Union. ... Milyutin was not a pure disurbanist. he preferred being in between the two currents of urbanism and disurbanism, calling for a renewed urban lifestyle in which the city would have met the countryside by sharing housing and social institutions. On the one hand, he did not want to abolish the city in order to create a pure industrialised socialist countryside (as in Okhitovich’s disurbanist city concept ...), as the most radical disurbanists would have preferred, but he did want to limit the growth of existent cities at any cost, as he considered them a product of the contradictions of capital, and for this reason oppressive towards the proletariat.  2, record 1, English, - disurbanist

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While the Garden City movement aimed at creating smaller urban centers with families dwelling in individual cottages, the disurbanists sought to completely abolish both town and country through a sort of boundless urban sprawl.  3, record 1, English, - disurbanist

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partisan d'une destructuration des villes traditionnelles au profit de concepts nouveaux comme la cité linéaire ou la cité radioconcentrique.  2, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9surbaniste

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En URSS, à partir de 1929-30, deux tendances s'affrontent : les urbanistes et les désurbanistes; les urbanistes se disent raisonnables : ils veulent peupler le territoire de villes moyennes (40 à 50 000 habitants) d'habitat ouvrier formé de cellules simples individuelles régies par un règlement rappelant la caserne. Les désurbanistes imaginent la ville linéaire, ou ville ruban parcourue de bout en bout d'un transport en commun à grande vitesse et grande capacité. Ainsi, sur les bords du ruban la population vit à la campagne; avec ce transport, elle rejoint aisément tout autre point de la ville. Mais le projet désurbaniste demandait des investissements trop lourds. Le Corbusier le tourna en dérision, pour son utopisme.  3, record 1, French, - d%C3%A9surbaniste

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A garden featuring mostly green foliage plants, shrubs and trees as its main theme.  2, record 2, English, - green%20garden

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To help turn Colonial Williamsburg into a collection of "green garden rooms, "architects used the subtle palette of evergreens, including edging boxwood, tree boxwood, bayberry, native yaupon holly, and the prickly American holly. The variations in their greens and their lusters contribute to the subtle combination of color and texture seen here at the Greenhow Tenement. The encircling green space is one of the most elegant in the city and provides for a very intimate sensory experience...  1, record 2, English, - green%20garden

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On every level, one of the building's triangular sections is open as part of a "sky garden". This design offers workers in the remaining two sections to have an office either facing the city or facing each floor's atrium and garden space.  2, record 3, English, - sky%20garden

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Héritier des réflexions de F. Perret, Le Corbusier (1887-1965) déclarait dès 1927 à propos des «toits-terrasses» : «au lieu de perdre son terrain en y construisant sa maison, on le double». Auteur d'une «théorie du toit jardin», il fut le plus radical d'un groupe d'architectes utilisant la toiture-terrasse de façon plus ou moins manifeste dans les années 1925-1935.  1, record 3, French, - toit%20jardin

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

toit jardin : équivalent confirmé par le Doyen de la Faculté d'architecture de l'Université de Montréal - et par l'Ordre des architectes du Québec.  2, record 3, French, - toit%20jardin

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Halifax Public Gardens are more than an open space or park. They are a rare example of a formal Victorian public garden surviving intact and relatively unspoiled in the heart of a modern city. Officially opened in 1867 The Halifax Public Gardens have survived for more than a century. Thanks to a series of talented and dedicated superintendents they have been little altered and still retain much of their original Victorian character.  1, record 4, English, - Halifax%20Public%20Gardens

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For more than six decades the US Government has been implementing policies to stem urban blight and decay. Despite massive investments in social programs for decaying inner cities there is growing evidence of accelerating slumification and increasing social problems. Unknown to many, people in the slums and hyper-ghettos have, in their daily struggle for basis needs, developed new and innovative mechanisms for survival. These help to maintain both human dignity and a sense of community. In addition, they visibly change the community and serve as an impulse to revitalizing neighborhoods. The Community Garden Movement of New York City is a successful example of a grassroots initiative that made a visible impact on the slums by motivating the community and mobilizing endogenous potentials.  2, record 5, English, - slumification

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

What Allen advocates increases the pressure for more new housing elsewhere in the region. If these pressures are not met to offset the constraints imposed in the Upper East Side and in similar NIMBY strongholds, all consumers will see prices escalate. Further, consumers who cannot afford increased housing prices where it is allowed of within the strongholds of constrained upper class neighborhoods, will have to crowd into older areas where only code enforcement will avoid slumification.  3, record 5, English, - slumification

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Résultat découlant du délabrement, de la détérioration ou de l'abandon des logements.  2, record 5, French, - taudification

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La baisse relative des prix résultant de ce stock abondant a amené les utilisateurs de locaux anciens à déménager vers de nouveaux bureaux, entraînant un mouvement des marchés au terme duquel les surfaces les plus anciennes ne trouvent plus preneur et sont vouées à une "taudification" rapide (Métropolis, vol. 5, no 39, (1979), p. 64).  2, record 5, French, - taudification

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Pour les ménages plus modestes, les contraintes sont plus nombreuses. La proximité au lieu d'emploi et le bas coût du logement se combinent pour expliquer la densification et la paupérisation des quartiers centraux et péricentraux (Joubert Park, Mayfair et Fordsburg en particulier, où se concentrent de nombreux immigrés travaillant dans la petite industrie et le commerce), en logement locatif dont la suroccupation et la taudification progressive deviennent parfois préoccupantes.  3, record 5, French, - taudification

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The project at Vreewijk... was always intended as the urban expression of Ebenezer Howard's essentially anti-urban ideology of the garden city and was intended from the first to be an extension of Rotterdam. In the first phase, based on the street plan(1913) by H. P. Berlage, Granpré Molière developed a housing typology based on the relationship between urbanism, architecture and planning. This resulted in the second phase of Vreewijk, the extension plan(1920) by Granpré Molière, Verhagen & Kok commissioned by the Eerste Rotterdamsche Tuindorp NV. A private initiative, it was nevertheless based on the belief that urbanism has not only to do with planning but also with expressing contemporary cultural and artistic ambitions, and that therefore it cannot be the result of a single person's intentions nor those of isolated parts of society, be they the state or private initiatives.  1, record 6, English, - extension%20plan

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À partir de 1918 la municipalité lance un plan d'aménagement et d'embellissement de Nantes. Il est nécessaire de construire des logements qui font de plus en plus défaut mais il faut faire de Nantes une ville agréable avec des avenues larges, propres, coquettes et animées. Ainsi de nouveaux quartiers vont surgir qui contrasteront avec les anciens. De plan d'embellissement on passe au plan d'extension qui concerne un espace de 9240 hectares alors que la zone urbaine en 1920 n'est que de 2800 hectares. Un programme de grands travaux démarre jusqu'en 1941.  2, record 6, French, - plan%20d%27extension

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Suivant cette loi [Loi Cornudet qui constitua la première Charte de l'Urbanisme], toutes les villes de plus de 10,000 habitants [...] sont tenues d'avoir un plan d'aménagement, d'embellissement et d'extension.  3, record 6, French, - plan%20d%27extension

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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A picture window, replacing the rear wall, adds spaciousness to a garden setting in New York City.  1, record 7, English, - garden%20setting

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'aménagement du jardin fait appel à la fois à l'architecture pour la construction des murets et des escaliers ainsi que pour l'établissement des plans d'eau et des allées, et à la science horticole pour le choix des plantes, les techniques de plantation, de formation et d'entretien des végétaux.  4, record 7, French, - am%C3%A9nagement%20des%20jardins

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... this town designer's best-known contribution to architecture was his wor Rin designing Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, a show-piece town near London.  1, record 8, English, - show%2Dpiece%20town

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish