TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To better identify and distinguish [the] lipids, ions that leave the quadrupole are fragmented by collision with an inert gas in a so-called collision cell.  3, record 1, English, - collision%20cell

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Un spectromètre de masse en tandem est] constitué de deux analyseurs de masse et d'une chambre de collision. Le principe de la spectrométrie de masse en tandem consiste à sélectionner un ou des ions moléculaires appelés ions parents ou ions précurseurs selon la valeur de leurs rapports m/z [masse sur charge] dans un premier analyseur, puis à les fragmenter, les fragments ainsi générés, appelés ions fils sont à leur tour sélectionnés par le deuxième analyseur et envoyés vers le détecteur.  2, record 1, French, - chambre%20de%20collision

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first laboratory-produced meat patty (cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger." The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials (vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one’s own kitchen within 20 years.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors(the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, record 2, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, record 2, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition to being used directly as a fuel in FCEVs [fuel cell electric vehicles], hydrogen can enable higher amounts of renewable gas in natural gas supply networks that provide fuel for compressed natural gas(CNG) vehicles.  1, record 3, English, - compressed%20natural%20gas%20vehicle

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En plus d'être utilisé directement comme carburant dans les VEPC [véhicules électriques à pile à combustible], l'hydrogène permet d'augmenter la production de gaz renouvelable dans les réseaux d'approvisionnement en gaz naturel qui fournissent du carburant pour les véhicules alimentés au gaz naturel comprimé (GNC).  1, record 3, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20aliment%C3%A9%20au%20gaz%20naturel%20comprim%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conductive plate in a fuel cell stack that acts as an anode for one cell and a cathode for the adjacent cell ... The plate usually incorporates flow channels for the fluid feeds and may also contain conduits for heat transfer.  4, record 4, English, - bipolar%20plate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of the configuration of a flat plate cell,..., the interconnect becomes a separator plate with two functions : 1) to provide an electrical series connection between adjacent cells, specifically for flat plate cells, and 2) to provide a gas barrier that separates the fuel and oxidant of adjacent cells.  5, record 4, English, - bipolar%20plate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The separator plates provide the electrical series connection between cells and physically separate the oxidant flow of one cell from the fuel flow of the adjacent cell.  6, record 4, English, - bipolar%20plate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

While the current SOFC [Solid oxide fuel cell] operates at 1000 °C, this high temperature has limited the materials that can be used for the various cell components (electrolyte, anode, cathode, and interconnect or bipolar plate) to relatively expensive ceramic compositions.  7, record 4, English, - bipolar%20plate

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 CONT

[In the] SOFC ... [the] electrolyte, anode, cathode and interconnect or bipolar plate [have] relatively expensive ceramic composition.  7, record 4, English, - bipolar%20plate

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plaque utilisée pour brancher des piles à combustible en série.  4, record 4, French, - plaque%20bipolaire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] plaques [bipolaires] assurent diverses fonctions dans un assemblage (stack) de piles à combustible : distribution du gaz dans chaque pile de l'assemblage, séparation et distribution des fluides, conductivité électrique et support des piles.  4, record 4, French, - plaque%20bipolaire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le cœur de [la] pile [à membrane électrolyte polymérique (PEMFC)] [...] est mis en série avec le suivant par un interconnecteur qui assure une triple fonction : amener les gaz réactifs au contact des électrodes, transférer le courant électrique d'un cœur de pile à son voisin et évacuer la chaleur produite.  5, record 4, French, - plaque%20bipolaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A detector consisting of an electrochemical cell that responds to certain substances contained in the carrier gas eluting from the column.  2, record 5, English, - electrochemical%20detector

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The electrochemical process can be an oxidation, a reduction or a change in conductivity. The detection can be very specific depending on the electrochemical process involved.  2, record 5, English, - electrochemical%20detector

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

electrochemical detector; ED: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  4, record 5, English, - electrochemical%20detector

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détecteur comportant une cellule électrochimique qui répond à certaines substances contenues dans le gaz vecteur élué de la colonne.  2, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A9lectrochimique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le processus électrochimique peut être une oxydation, une réduction ou une variation de conductivité. La détection peut être très spécifique selon le processus mis en œuvre.  2, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A9lectrochimique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On peut classer les détecteurs électrochimiques en deux catégories : les détecteurs coulométriques et les détecteurs ampérométriques.  4, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A9lectrochimique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

détecteur électrochimique : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  5, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A9lectrochimique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method where the amount of titrant consumed for reaction of the gas component with the titrant is proportional to the gas component concentration, and the endpoint of reaction is determined by the variation of potential inside the cell.  1, record 6, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The volume increments of titrant (titration solution) added determine the difference in potential to be measured. Different volume increments of titrant, specifically smaller volume increments close to end points, can permit a better evaluation of the end points.  1, record 6, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

potentiometric titration: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  2, record 6, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode où la quantité de la solution de titrage consommée pour la réaction du constituant gazeux est proportionnelle à la concentration du constituant gazeux et est mesurée par la variation du potentiel à l’intérieur de la cellule.  1, record 6, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des ajouts dosés de solution de titrage permettent de mesurer les différences de potentiel. Différents ajouts dosés de solution de titrage, spécifiquement des ajouts de plus faible volume à proximité des points finaux de potentiel, peuvent permettre une meilleure évaluation de ces derniers.  1, record 6, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

titrage potentiométrique : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  2, record 6, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cellular plastic in which most of the cells are interconnected in a manner such that gases can travel freely from one cell to another.  2, record 7, English, - open%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A plastic foam material consists of a gas phase dispersed in a solid plastic phase and derives its properties from both. The solid plastic component forms the matrix. The gas phase is contained in voids or cells.... The term cellular plastic, a synonym for plastic foam, is derived from the structure of the material. Foams are classified as open-cell or closed-cell. In closed-cell foams each cell(more or less spherical in shape) is completely enclosed by a thin wall or membrane of plastic, whereas in open-cell foams the individual cells are interconnected.  4, record 7, English, - open%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms plastic foam, foamed plastic and cellular plastic are used interchangeably; they refer to foamed plastics regardless of cell structure (open or closed). Expanded plastic refers to closed-cell materials; "sponge" is sometimes used for open-cell foams (e.g., sponge rubber).  4, record 7, English, - open%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A cellular plastic (foamed plastic) is often called simply a foam.  5, record 7, English, - open%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

open-cell cellular plastic: term standardized by ISO.  6, record 7, English, - open%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plastique alvéolaire dans lequel presque toutes les alvéoles communiquent entre elles, à travers toute la masse.  3, record 7, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ouverts

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un plastique alvéolaire consiste en une phase gazeuse dispersée dans une phase solide en plastique; il tire ses propriétés des deux phases. L'élément plastique solide constitue la matrice. La phase gazeuse est contenue dans des cavités ou alvéoles (cellules). [...] Le terme «plastique alvéolaire» synonyme de mousse plastique, est dérivé de la structure du matériau. Les plastiques alvéolaires peuvent avoir des alvéoles ouvertes ou des alvéoles fermées. Dans les mousses plastiques à alvéoles fermées, chaque alvéole (ayant une forme plus ou moins sphérique) est complètement enfermée par une mince paroi ou membrane en plastique, tandis que dans les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes, les alvéoles individuelles sont reliées entre elles.  2, record 7, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ouverts

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les termes mousses plastiques, plastiques cellulaires et plastiques alvéolaires sont employés indifféremment, quelle que soit la nature de l'alvéole (ouverte ou fermée). Le terme «plastique expansé» désigne les matériaux à alvéoles fermées; le terme «éponge» sert parfois à désigner les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes (par exemple, le caoutchouc spongieux).  2, record 7, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ouverts

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Autrefois masculin, le terme «alvéole» est maintenant de genre féminin.  4, record 7, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ouverts

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

plastique à alvéoles ouverts; plastique poreux : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  5, record 7, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ouverts

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plástico celular en el cual casi todas las celdas se comunican entre sí a través de toda la masa.  1, record 7, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1stico%20celular%20de%20celda%20abierta

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cellular plastic ... in which non-interconnecting cells are present to an extent which renders the mass relatively impervious to air and fluids.  2, record 8, English, - closed%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A plastic foam material consists of a gas phase dispersed in a solid plastic phase and derives its properties from both. The solid plastic component forms the matrix. The gas phase is contained in voids or cells.... The term cellular plastic, a synonym for plastic foam, is derived from the structure of the material. Foams are classified as open-cell or closed-cell. In closed-cell foams each cell(more or less spherical in shape) is completely enclosed by a thin wall or membrane of plastic, whereas in open-cell foams the individual cells are interconnected.  4, record 8, English, - closed%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms plastic foam, foamed plastic and cellular plastic are used interchangeably; they refer to foamed plastics regardless of cell structure (open or closed). Expanded plastic refers to closed-cell materials; "sponge" is sometimes used for open-cell foams (e.g., sponge rubber).  4, record 8, English, - closed%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

closed-cell cellular plastic: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 8, English, - closed%2Dcell%20cellular%20plastic

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plastique alvéolaire dans lequel presque toutes les alvéoles sont des cellules.  3, record 8, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ferm%C3%A9s

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un plastique alvéolaire consiste en une phase gazeuse dispersée dans une phase solide en plastique; il tire ses propriétés des deux phases. L'élément plastique solide constitue la matrice. La phase gazeuse est contenue dans des cavités ou alvéoles (cellules). [...] Le terme «plastique alvéolaire» synonyme de mousse plastique, est dérivé de la structure du matériau. Les plastiques alvéolaires peuvent avoir des alvéoles ouvertes ou des alvéoles fermées. Dans les mousses plastiques à alvéoles fermées, chaque alvéole (ayant une forme plus ou moins sphérique) est complètement enfermée par une mince paroi ou membrane en plastique, tandis que dans les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes, les alvéoles individuelles sont reliées entre elles.  2, record 8, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ferm%C3%A9s

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les termes mousses plastiques, plastiques cellulaires et plastiques alvéolaires sont employés indifféremment, quelle que soit la nature de l'alvéole (ouverte ou fermée). Le terme «plastique expansé» désigne les matériaux à alvéoles fermées; le terme «éponge» sert parfois à désigner les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes (par exemple, le caoutchouc spongieux).  2, record 8, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ferm%C3%A9s

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Autrefois masculin, le terme «alvéole» est maintenant de genre féminin.  4, record 8, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ferm%C3%A9s

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

plastique à alvéoles fermés; plastique cellulaire : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  5, record 8, French, - plastique%20%C3%A0%20alv%C3%A9oles%20ferm%C3%A9s

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plástico celular en el cual casi todas las celdas están incomunicadas.  1, record 8, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1stico%20celular%20de%20celdas%20cerradas

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plastic whose density is reduced by the presence of numerous small cavities (cells), interconnecting or not, dispersed throughout the mass.  3, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Foams are relatively new forms of polymer-based materials. They are light in weight and versatile, and are employed increasingly in a variety of applications that include thermal and acoustic insulation, core materials for sandwich panels, fabrication of furniture and flotation materials.... A plastic foam material consists of a gas phase dispersed in a solid plastic phase and derives its properties from both. The solid plastic component forms the matrix. The gas phase is contained in voids or cells.... The term cellular plastic, a synonym for plastic foam, is derived from the structure of the material. Foams are classified as open-cell or closed-cell. In closed-cell foams each cell(more or less spherical in shape) is completely enclosed by a thin wall or membrane of plastic, whereas in open-cell foams the individual cells are interconnected.  4, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The three types of foam plastic are blown, syntactic, and structural. ... All three types ... can be produced using processes such as injection, extrusion, and compression molding ...  5, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms plastic foam, foamed plastic and cellular plastic are used interchangeably; they refer to foamed plastics regardless of cell structure (open or closed). Expanded plastic refers to closed-cell materials; "sponge" is sometimes used for open-cell foams (e .g., sponge rubber).  4, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A cellular plastic (foamed plastic) is often called simply a foam.  3, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cellular plastic; expanded plastic; foamed plastic: terms and definition standardized by ISO.  6, record 9, English, - cellular%20plastic

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plastique dont la densité est diminuée par la présence de nombreuses petites cavités (alvéoles) communiquant entre elles ou non et réparties dans toute la masse.  2, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les plastiques alvéolaires (mousses plastiques) constituent des formes relativement nouvelles de matériaux à base de polymères. Ils sont légers, se prêtent à divers usages et sont de plus en plus employés dans des applications variées qui incluent : l'isolation thermique et phonique, les âmes (matériaux de cour) des panneaux du type sandwich, la fabrication de meubles et de matériaux flottants. [...] Un plastique alvéolaire consiste en une phase gazeuse dispersée dans une phase solide en plastique; il tire ses propriétés des deux phases. L'élément plastique solide constitue la matrice. La phase gazeuse est contenue dans des cavités ou alvéoles (cellules). [...] Le terme «plastique alvéolaire» synonyme de mousse plastique, est dérivé de la structure du matériau. Les plastiques alvéolaires peuvent avoir des alvéoles ouvertes ou des alvéoles fermées. Dans les mousses plastiques à alvéoles fermées, chaque alvéole (ayant une forme plus ou moins sphérique) est complètement enfermée par une mince paroi ou membrane en plastique, tandis que dans les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes, les alvéoles individuelles sont reliées entre elles.  4, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les termes mousses plastiques, plastiques cellulaires et plastiques alvéolaires sont employés indifféremment, quelle que soit la nature de l'alvéole (ouverte ou fermée). Le terme «plastique expansé» désigne les matériaux à alvéoles fermées; le terme «éponge» sert parfois à désigner les plastiques alvéolaires à alvéoles ouvertes (par exemple, le caoutchouc spongieux).  4, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

mousse : nom donné à certaines matières plastiques ou certains élastomères quand ils sont présentés sous une forme cellulaire (par ex. caoutchouc mousse).  5, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Autrefois masculin le terme «alvéole» est maintenant de genre féminin.  6, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 OBS

plastique alvéolaire; plastique expansé : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  7, record 9, French, - plastique%20alv%C3%A9olaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plástico cuya densidad se reduce por la presencia de numerosas cavidades pequeñas (celdas), interconectadas o no, dispersas por toda la masa.  2, record 9, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1stico%20celular

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An atomic frequency standard in which the frequency is established by a gas cell containing rubidium vapor and a neutral buffer gas.  1, record 10, English, - rubidium%2Dvapor%20frequency%20standard

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'horloge à cellule de rubidium met en œuvre les principes du pompage optique [...], on utilise une cellule contenant du rubidium 87, placée dans une cavité hyperfréquence [...], et on observe la transition entre les états hyperfins [...]  1, record 10, French, - horloge%20%C3%A0%20cellule%20de%20rubidium

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The liquid amalgam is removed from the electrolytic cell to a separate reactor, called the decomposer or denuder, where it reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst to form the sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.  1, record 11, English, - denuder

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans la cellule électrolytique à cathode de mercure], le mercure joue un rôle de cathode : étant donné que la surtension du gaz hydrogène est beaucoup plus élevée avec une électrode de mercure, il y a réduction de Na⁺ et non de H₂O. Le sodium ainsi produit est dissous dans le mercure, ce qui forme un amalgame qu'une pompe achemine vers un décomposeur, où le sodium dissous réagit avec l'eau pour produire de l'hydrogène [...] On peut, à partir de la solution aqueuse, récupérer du NaOH [hydroxyde de sodium] solide relativement pur; le mercure régénéré, quant à lui, retourne à la cellule électrolytique.  1, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9composeur

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En el proceso de celda de mercurio, éste actúa como cátodo en el cual se produce una amalgama con sodio y en el ánodo se depositan iones de cloro. Además, se desprende cloro en estado gaseoso. Posteriormente, en un reactor separado llamado descompositor [...], la amalgama de sodio reacciona con agua y se produce hidrógeno en estado gaseoso y solución de sosa cáustica al 50% con poco contenido de cloruro de sodio.  1, record 11, Spanish, - descompositor

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... Winefordner et al. described a special, more sensitive cell based on changes in dielectric constant and constructed to allow gas flow between the plates of a capacitor which is a part of the tank circuit of a 70-Mc/sec Clapp oscillator, the output of which is beat against that of a reference oscillator. With the difference frequency between oscillators adjusted to zero with pure carrier gas flowing through the detector, the presence of a foreign vapor in the cell will produce a different frequency which is linearly related to the amount of material introduced through an injection port in the carrier gas stream and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature for a given component at a constant density or concentration in the cell and for a particular operating frequency.  2, record 12, English, - Clapp%20oscillator

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Reference, sample Clapp oscillator.  3, record 12, English, - Clapp%20oscillator

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of ionization detector that responds to the permanent gases. It consists of a small ionization chamber in which the carrier gas and solute are irradiated with electron from a β-ray emitter while a potential is applied across the cell. When solutes enter the chamber there is a current change arising from the change in total cross-section for ionization.  2, record 13, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The carrier gas most commonly used is hydrogen but nitrogen and helium are also employed.  2, record 13, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In 1962 a fundamentally new mode of gas motion in the solar atmosphere was discovered(...). This mode was most visible as a horizontal motion organized in large cells with the gas velocity directed outward from the center of each cell at about 0. 5 km/sec.(...) It was then hypothesized that these large cells were convective in nature, in the sense of hot gas rising at the center of a cell and cool gas falling at the periphery. This phenomenon is known as the "supergranulation".  1, record 14, English, - supergranulation

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

S'il est raisonnable d'interpréter la supergranulation comme un aspect de la convection subphotosphérique, comme la granulation, il faut bien reconnaître que l'état actuel de la théorie de la convection ne permet d'expliquer ni les dimensions ni les temps caractéristiques des deux systèmes, et encore moins leur nette séparation.  2, record 14, French, - supergranulation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Structure en supergranules d'une couche subphotosphérique d'une profondeur de 1 000 km.  3, record 14, French, - supergranulation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A phototube that is more sensitive than the corresponding high vacuum cell because of formation of ions by collision of the photoelectrons with the gas molecules.  4, record 15, English, - gas%2Dfilled%20phototube

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phototube utilisant l'effet de multiplication dans le gaz où l'ionisation par choc des molécules du gaz produite par les photoélectrons amplifie le rendement quantique et le photocourant.  3, record 15, French, - cellule%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument used to monitor and quantify the products eluted from a chromatography column. Techniques used are based on the physical, chemical or biological properties of the molecules and may involve prior conversion by chemical or enzymic means to produce a coloured or fluorescent complex. Physical methods include the use of spectrophotometers, colorimeters, spectrophotofluorometers, refractometers, polarimeters, etc.  3, record 16, English, - chromatographic%20detector

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biological molecules may be monitored using enzyme-linked reactions specific for the required class of compound. Such detectors often include a flow cell so that the fluid passes continuously from the column through the detector. Several types of detector have been developed specifically for use with gas/liquid chromatographs. These include flame ionization and electron capture devices or, where information is required on the exact structure of the compounds, a mass spectrometer. Many are linked to microprocessors for control of the chromatographic analysis, as well as direct computation of results.  3, record 16, English, - chromatographic%20detector

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil servant à déceler, à révéler la présence d'un corps dans un échantillon.  2, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les détecteurs en chromatographie [...] mettent en évidence les constituants du mélange. Un bon détecteur doit être stable, sensible, linéaire, pratique d'emploi et ne doit pas altérer les séparations réalisées par la colonne.  2, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Fuel cell] that utilizes pure hydrogen as fuel as compared to hydrogen produced from the reformation of hydrocarbon fuels(gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas).  2, record 17, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a direct hydrogen fuel cell ..., hydrogen from the fuel tank is supplied to the fuel cells, where it combines with oxygen from an air compressor. An electrode coated with a catalyst splits the hydrogen into electrons and protons. The movement of the electrons generates electricity, which is sent to the traction inverter module. The traction inverter module converts the electricity for use by the motor/transaxle, which transforms the electric energy into the mechanical energy that turns the wheels. The only byproducts of this process are water and heat.  3, record 17, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Syntagme construit sur le modèle du terme bien connu « pile à méthanol direct » [direct methanol fuel cell].  1, record 17, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne%20direct

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traces of impurities in the fluid to which the catalyst is exposed can adsorb at the active sites and reduce or eliminate catalytic activity. This is called poisoning and the effective impurity is called a poison.  3, record 18, English, - poisoning

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In many cases, the reformate is then sent to another reactor to remove impurities, such as carbon oxides or sulfur, before it is sent to the fuel cell stack. This prevents impurities in the gas from binding with the fuel cell catalysts. This binding process is also called "poisoning" since it reduces the efficiency and life expectancy of the fuel cell.  2, record 18, English, - poisoning

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des traces d'impuretés dans le liquide auquel le catalyseur est exposé peuvent être adsorbées sur les sites actifs et réduire ou éliminer l'activité catalytique. Ce phénomène se nomme empoisonnement et l'impureté qui la produit est un poison.  2, record 18, French, - empoisonnement

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The solid oxide fuel cell has gas intake holes and gas discharge holes extending through four corners of a separator. A plurality of gas grooves and ridges are arranged alternately in the separator for distributing a fuel gas or an oxygen-containing gas.  1, record 19, English, - gas%20groove

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An environmental test where the device under test is subjected to several temperature changes from a low temperature to a high temperature over a certain period of time.  2, record 20, English, - temperature%20cycling

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several promising materials for the high-temperature [fueld cell] reformer application have been identified. The material responses to temperature cycling and variation of gas composition during operation were identified as critical performance issues.  3, record 20, English, - temperature%20cycling

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les reformeurs [des piles à combustible] fonctionnent à des températures élevées (450-750 ºC] et nécessitent des composants durables. [...] La réaction des matériaux au cycle thermique et à la variation de la composition des gaz durant le procédé ont été reconnus comme étant des enjeux critiques pour le rendement.  3, record 20, French, - cycle%20thermique

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A large, cylindrical, metal tank used to remove minute quantities of oil from water to be disposed of either in a disposal well or overboard in offshore operations.  3, record 21, English, - flotation%20cell

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It operates on the principle that oil droplets cling to rapidly rising gas bubbles; therefore, some method is employed to inject gas into the cell containing the oil-contaminated water.  3, record 21, English, - flotation%20cell

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sensor that detects and measures hydrogen when it is present in a gaseous system.  1, record 22, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hydrogen is an odourless, colourless, highly flammable and potentially explosive gas.... The advent of a hydrogen economy will require a hydrogen sensor in every hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle [and in every home using] a hydrogen fuel cell for power generation....  1, record 22, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Although several types of hydrogen monitors and detectors have been developed, many of them are useful at only low hydrogen concentrations (typically 3-4%) or have low sensitivity or slow response times. Additionally, some of these sensors require a supply of pure hydrogen as a standard reference or only operate at elevated temperatures.  1, record 22, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capteur qui détecte la présence d'hydrogène dans un mélange gazeux et en mesure la concentration.  1, record 22, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'hydrogène est un gaz inodore, incolore, très inflammable et même explosif. [...] Dans une économie de l'hydrogène, chaque véhicule alimenté par une pile à hydrogène devra avoir son capteur. Il en ira de même pour les domiciles qui utilisent une pile à hydrogène pour produire de l'électricité [...].  1, record 22, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plusieurs types [...] de détecteurs d'hydrogène ont déjà été mis au point, mais bon nombre d'entre eux ne permettent de détecter que de faibles concentrations d'hydrogène (habituellement de 3 à 4 %) ou ont une faible sensibilité ou de longs temps de réaction. De plus, certains de ces capteurs exigent une alimentation en hydrogène pur comme gaz étalon ou ne fonctionnent qu'à des températures élevées.  1, record 22, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to John Hackett from the company COM DEV Ltd, in charge of the Greenhouse Gas Sensor Development Study, Gas-Differencing-Cell technology is similar to Gas Correlation Cell technology and is meant to include Length Modulator Cells and Dual Path systems-but not Pressure Modulator Cells  3, record 23, English, - gas%2Ddifferencing%2Dcell%20technology

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'instrument MOPITT vole actuellement sur la plate-forme TERRA et permet des mesures du méthane troposphérique via une technique de corrélation spectroscopique.  1, record 23, French, - technique%20de%20corr%C3%A9lation%20spectroscopique

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In gas correlation spectroscopy, a cell containing the target gas is placed in front of the sensor. The scene is viewed twice, through the target gas cell and through an empty cell. The gas in the cell serves as a "matched filter" to the target gas in the plume. The "modulated" transmission of the system is very high at the spectral bands of the target gas while it practically blocks transmission at all other wavelengths. The system has a very high Etendue(throughput) and is simultaneously responsive to several spectral lines or bands--increasing the overall sensitivity.  2, record 24, English, - gas%20correlation%20spectroscopy

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

MOPITT will make measurements of infrared radiation originating from the surface of the planet and isolate the energy being radiated from CO and CH4 molecules by using a technique called gas correlation spectroscopy.  3, record 24, English, - gas%20correlation%20spectroscopy

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'instrument [MOPITT] mesurera les rayonnements infrarouges provenant de la surface de la Terre et isolera l'énergie émise par les molécules de CO et de CH4 à l'aide de la technique appelée spectroscopie à corrélation en phase gazeuse.  1, record 24, French, - spectroscopie%20%C3%A0%20corr%C3%A9lation%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of fuel cell in which the electrolyte is a solid, nonporous metal oxide, typically ZrO₂ doped with Y₂ O₃, and O^2- is transported from the cathode to the anode. Any carbon monoxide(CO) in the reformate gas is oxidized to carbon dioxide CO₂ at the anode. Temperatures of operation are typically 800-1000°C.  3, record 25, English, - solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Present SOFC designs make use of thin film concepts where films of electrode, electrolyte and interconnect material are deposited one on another and sintered, forming a cell structure.  4, record 25, English, - solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système électrochimique multicouches de céramiques fonctionnelles utilisant un combustible et un comburant gazeux et fonctionnant au voisinage de 1000 °C.  4, record 25, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20oxyde%20solide

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de fonctionnement des SOFCs est basé sur le mécanisme suivant: l'oxygène est dissocié à la cathode en O^{2 -}, puis l'anion migre à travers l'électrolyte conducteur ionique à haute température et va se combiner à l'anode avec l'hydrogène, ou le monoxyde de carbone, pour former de l'eau et libérer des électrons.  5, record 25, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20oxyde%20solide

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The low-temperature fuel cell technologies such as the phosphoric acid fuel cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell require a fuel processing unit(reformer) to convert the natural gas into a hydrogen-rich mixture suitable for use in the fuel cell.  2, record 26, English, - low%2Dtemperature%20fuel%20cell

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les piles à basse température (< 200 °C) [ont] pour électrolyte des membranes polymères [...] ou de l'acide phosphorique [...]  1, record 26, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20basse%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

US Senators... have secured as much as $5. 5 million... for a military program which will enable the Plug Power Company in Latham to develop clean and efficient electricity though an electro-chemical process called Proton Exchange Membrane(PEM) fuel cell technology. PEM fuel cell systems produce electricity by operating on hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, propane, and other types of hydrogen-rich fuel while producing nearly zero emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide.  2, record 27, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell%20technology

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les piles à combustible convertissent l'énergie en électricité selon un procédé électrochimique. Le système auquel travaille Hydrogenics, que l'on a appelé « captage de l'énergie des piles à combustible », produit de l'électricité en recourant à la technologie de la pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons (MEP) alimentée au gaz naturel. [...] La technologie de la pile à combustible est l'une des options énergétiques les plus prometteuses au plan de la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone, un des principaux gaz à effet de serre. Les piles à combustible utilisent une énergie propre, fonctionnent à basse température et sont extrêmement efficaces et fiables  2, record 27, French, - technologie%20de%20la%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20%C3%A0%20membrane%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20protons

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Device that is capable of reforming a fuel to produce a gas stream containing hydrogen and then clean this up to produce a gas flow of sufficiently high quality to be used as the input for a fuel cell stack.  2, record 28, English, - fuel%20processor

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technologie - Convertisseur de combustible : Si le combustible utilisé n'est pas de l'hydrogène, il faut le traiter pour y extraire l'hydrogène pour la pile à combustible. Il existe de nombreux procédés d'extraction de l'hydrogène : électrolyse, reformage de la vapeur, oxydation partielle, reformage adiabatique, gazéification et craquage de l'ammoniac.  1, record 28, French, - convertisseur%20de%20combustible

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le premier dispositif de transformation du combustible [...] FPM 20(MC) peut produire suffisamment d'hydrogène pour alimenter des modules de piles à combustible leur conférant une puissance de 2 à 6 kW. Grâce la technologie de purification brevetée de IdaTech, [il] peut reformer à la demande un combustible à base de méthanol et d'eau en hydrogène pur à 99,9%, à des rendements de combustible pouvant atteindre 80%, et ce, en produisant moins d'une partie par million de monoxyde de carbone.  2, record 28, French, - convertisseur%20de%20combustible

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A fuel cell] that [is] structurally planar.  2, record 29, English, - flat%20plate%20cell

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of the configuration of a flat plate cell... the interconnect becomes a separator plate with two functions : 1) to provide an electrical series connection between adjacent cells, specifically for flat plate cells and 2) to provide a gas barrier that separates the fuel and oxidant of adjacent cells.  3, record 29, English, - flat%20plate%20cell

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La technologie planaire] consiste en un sandwich de plaques céramiques reliées par l'interconnecteur séparant le combustible du comburant.  2, record 29, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20%C3%A0%20configuration%20plane

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Trois types de configurations (tubulaire, plane et monolithique ont été étudiées à ce jour, les deux premières connaissant un développement technologique important.  3, record 29, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20%C3%A0%20configuration%20plane

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dynetek develops, manufactures and markets Advanced Lightweight Fuel Storage Systems(TM) for storing compressed natural gas(CNG) for low emission CNG vehicles and compressed hydrogen for zero emission fuel cell vehicles. The Dynetek fuel storage system is marketed under the DyneCell brand name.  1, record 30, English, - Advanced%20Lightweight%20Fuel%20Storage%20Systems

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dynetek Industries Ltd. met au point, produit et commercialise les Advanced Lightweight Fuel Storage Systems (md) (systèmes de pointe légers pour le stockage de carburant) pour stocker du gaz naturel comprimé destiné aux véhicules peu polluants qui fonctionnent au gaz naturel comprimé et aux véhicules à pollution zéro, qui fonctionnent grâce à des piles à combustibles alimentées à l'hydrogène comprimé.  1, record 30, French, - Advanced%20Lightweight%20Fuel%20Storage%20Systems

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a fluorine gas reference cell... was used in a spectrometer on the Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) spacecraft to measure the amount of fluorinated hydrocarbon gas(freon) in the earth's upper atmosphere. This HALOE experiment was important, because it proved that fluorinated hydrocarbons are present in significant quantities in the upper atmosphere and that freon causes damage to the ozone layer...  2, record 31, English, - fluorinated%20hydrocarbon%20gas

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Most industrial and commercial refrigeration and air conditioning units use a fluorinated hydrocarbon gas such as trichloromonofluoromethane (CC1(3)F) as a refrigerant.  3, record 31, English, - fluorinated%20hydrocarbon%20gas

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nunc CryoLine [trademark] System. CryoTubes [trademark]. Designed for cryogenic storage of cell cultures, microbiological cultures, or other specimens. Perform well in mechanical freezers, and in liquid nitrogen(gas and liquid phase).  2, record 32, English, - cryogenic%20storage

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "cryoconservation" (or "cryopreservation").  3, record 32, English, - cryogenic%20storage

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actuellement, la conservation des races menacées n'est possible que par l'entreposage cryogénique (congélation à de très basses températures) de sperme et d'embryons [...]  3, record 32, French, - entreposage%20cryog%C3%A9nique

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other reactions in the dough during baking, particularly those relevant to bread quality, include starch gelatinization, gluten protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation. Wheat protein denaturation in dough starts at about 70 degrees C and proceeds to a point where the gas cell walls become fixed and expansion terminates. While internal crumb temperatures do not exceed 100 degrees C crust temperature reaches 195 degrees C. At this high temperature, complex browning reactions of the Maillard-type take place between reducing sugars and free amino acids. These reactions lead to the characteristic crust colour and substantially influence bread flavour.  1, record 33, English, - gluten%20protein%20denaturation

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parmi les autres réactions qui se produisent à la cuisson et qui influent sur la qualité du pain, il faut mentionner la gélification de l'amidon, la dénaturation de la protéine du gluten et l'inactivation des enzymes. Les protéines du blé dans la pâte commencent à se dénaturer à 70 degrés C et cette réaction se poursuit jusqu'au moment où les parois des cellules de gaz deviennent fixes et où l'expansion s'arrête. Tandis que la température interne de la mie ne dépasse pas 100 degrés C, celle de la croûte s'élève jusqu'à 195 degrés C. A cette température élevée a lieu le brunissement par réaction de Maillard où se trouvent impliqués les sucs réducteurs et les amino-acides libres. Cette réaction confère à la croûte sa coloration caractéristique et contribue en grande partie à la saveur du pain.  1, record 33, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20de%20la%20prot%C3%A9ine%20du%20gluten

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique used to measure gas exchange in small pieces of tissue or cell suspensions.  1, record 34, English, - manometry

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure des pressions.  2, record 34, French, - manom%C3%A9trie

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each drift cell contains eight sense wires. The surface field on these controls the gas gain of the signal, and the drift field controls the velocity and direction of electron drift.  2, record 35, English, - drift%20field

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By monitoring a desired adsorption frequency and adjusting the spectrophotometer's chart speed to equal that of a thermal conductivity cell placed in the gas stream, the absorption curves represent integrals of the absorbing components since each successive fraction is accumulated in the infrared cell and the front of the mass or chromatographic peak was matched with the initial increase in adsorbance.  1, record 36, English, - adsorbance

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A simple arrangement of two cavities in series showed the feasibility of detecting traces of one gas in another. A klystron was used to generate microwave power which was fed through a wave guide to a transmission-type cavity. Another cavity was mounted in series with and tuned to the same frequency as the first; both cavities were identical except that the second had a gas inlet and outlet ports. From this measuring cell, its microwave energy was sent to a crystal detector. By frequency-modulating the klystron with a 50-cps sine wave voltage on the repeller, a burst of energy passes to the detector each time the generator frequency equals that of the cavities. The detector current is amplified and measured with an oscilloscope. At the beginning of the run, the two cavities are filled with the nitrogen carrier gas and, if the composition in one of the cavities is changed, its electrical size will change... causing a decrease of current from the detector.  1, record 37, English, - crystal%20detector

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dudenbostel and Priestley described an automatic process gas analyzer for propane in propylene using a simple detector in which thermocouple pairs were placed in a twin-chamber cell, each chamber having 0. 40 ml of activated charcoal.  1, record 38, English, - twin%2Dchamber%20cell

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Titration detector. The visual or automatic titration methods of James and Martin provided techniques for the titration of chromatographically separated volatile monocarboxylic acids. In the presence of an indicator, the titration can be followed visually or automatically recorded. With the automatic titration buret, the separated acidic or basic components in the carrier gas pass directly into the titration cell. A suitable colorimetric indicator... is used with a photoelectric relay to control the addition of titrant from a syringe-type dispensing buret, the plunger of which is coupled to a recording pen.  1, record 39, English, - titration%20detector

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mc Innes [improved the automatic titrator by including] a polyethylene gland [which incorporated] a mercury seal for the recording buret, an automatic switch-off device for the apparatus, and a photoelectric unit which provided stable and full control for dispensing titrant.  1, record 39, English, - titration%20detector

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a burst test a specimen of geotextile is provided with a thin flexible membrane and clamped between two ring-shaped jaws. Gas or liquid pressure acting on the membrane ultimately causes the geotextile to burst.... The load-deformation relationship is obtained by plotting the cell pressure against the displacement of the textile specimen, normal to the surface. The maximum height reached by the specimen when it bursts is referred to as the burst height.  2, record 40, English, - burst%20test

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construire avec les géotextiles. (...) Pour la fonction de séparation, une approche nouvelle est proposée qui fait intervenir les résultats d'essais textiles classiques tels que l'essai d'arrachement (grab test), l'essai de perforation, l'essai d'éclatement et l'essai d'accroc.  2, record 40, French, - essai%20d%27%C3%A9clatement

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résistance à l'éclatement : Pression nécessaire pour provoquer l'éclatement d'une éprouvette de tissu sous l'action d'une membrane gonflée par un fluide.  3, record 40, French, - essai%20d%27%C3%A9clatement

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir figure 20 dans CEPUG.  4, record 40, French, - essai%20d%27%C3%A9clatement

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electrostatic accelerator in which negative hydrogen ions generated in a special ion source are accelerated as they pass from ground potential up to a high-voltage terminal, both electrons are then stripped from the negative ion by passage through a very thin foil or gas cell, and the proton is again accelerated as it passes to ground potential.  3, record 41, English, - tandem%20accelerator

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accélérateur, dérivé de l'accélérateur électrostatique à transporteur isolant, qui permet, en utilisant la même différence de potentiel, de doubler l'énergie cinétique des particules.  3, record 41, French, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rateur%20tandem

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Optoacoustic detector. Light which is absorbed by a molecule is generally reradiated from the molecule in the form of heat. If a laser, at an absorbing wavelength of a gas of interest, is passed through a closed cell, the temperature of the entire gas in the cell will rise and thus the pressure of the gas in the cell will rise. If the laser is turned on and off at a frequency of 100-20000 Hz, the resulting pressure rises and drops can be picked up as a signal by sensitive microphones. This somewhat odd combination of optics and acoustics turns out to have several advantages over systems which measure the absorption directly. The absorption will be quite small and thus the change in intensity of the laser beam is nearly impossible to detect. Because pressure in the cell rises more quickly for small length cells, this effect exactly cancels out gains in overall absorption by making the cell longer. Thus, a small optoacoustic cell will accomplish the same as a larger cell making its size a great asset.... The device is being tested as a sniffer for bomb vapours and for ambient air analyses.  1, record 42, English, - optoacoustic%20detector

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods, involving the use of gas cell/FTIR [Fourier transform infrared spectrometry]... will be developed for monitoring and analyzing volatile emissions.  1, record 43, English, - gas%20cell

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La spectrométrie infrarouge permet d'analyser la matière sous ses trois états : gazeux (...), liquide (...), solide (...) Gaz. (...) L'échantillon est contenu dans une enceinte munie de deux fenêtres transparentes au rayonnement infrarouge. (...) Cette enceinte (cuve ou cellule) doit pouvoir supporter la pression (...) et être étanche au vide; elle doit être munie d'une entrée et d'une sortie de gaz, contrôlées par des robinets (...)  1, record 43, French, - cellule%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish