TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Expenses related to the operation of an automobile.  2, record 1, English, - automobile%20expenses

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deductible current expenses common to most small businesses include :... Automobile expenses. Be sure to keep track of total distance driven during the year as well as distances travelled for business.... Sample automobile expenses include driver's licence fees, insurance fees, gas and oil...  3, record 1, English, - automobile%20expenses

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les frais d'automobile peuvent être déduits par le contribuable s'il se sert de son automobile dans l'exercice de son entreprise.  2, record 1, French, - frais%20d%27automobile

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

APCI is a mode of ionization that is similar to ESI [electrospray ionization] in that ionization takes place at atmospheric pressure, entails nebulization and desolvation, and incorporates an interface design, which is similar to that of ESI. A key difference between APCI and ESI is that ESI is based on ions that are formed in solution, whereas APCI uses ions that are formed in the gas phase. In APCI, instead of high voltage being applied to the inlet capillary, mobile phase from the separation device is evaporated within a heater, and the vapor passes a needle with an applied current, which generates a corona discharge for the formation of stable reaction ions.  3, record 2, English, - atmospheric%20pressure%20chemical%20ionization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ionisation par APCI [...] se fait grâce à une décharge couronne. Ce type de décharge se forme lorsqu'on applique une haute tension sur une aiguille. Le champ électrique à la pointe de l'aiguille devient alors suffisamment intense qu'il se produit une décharge dans l'air, ionisant ses composantes. Ces ions peuvent ensuite réagir avec les molécules neutres de l'air pour former d'autres ions et même ioniser un analyte gazeux introduit près de la décharge couronne.  2, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Contrairement à l'ESI [ionisation par électronébulisation], où l'ionisation des molécules s'effectue en solution, l'APCI conduit à la formation d'ions en phase gazeuse.  3, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

APCI : L'abréviation «APCI» provient du terme anglais «atmospheric pressure chemical ionization».  4, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Electrical pumping is another method of laser pumping; it involves passing an electric current through the gain medium to excite the atoms or molecules. This is the pumping mechanism used in virtually all gas lasers, where the flow of electricity through a low-pressure gas creates a plasma.  6, record 3, English, - electrical%20pumping

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour provoquer l'émission laser, il faut exciter correctement un milieu actif afin de placer ses atomes, ses ions ou ses molécules dans des conditions telles qu'ils puissent libérer de l'énergie par émission stimulée. Cette excitation, appelée «pompage», peut se faire sous des formes différentes : - pompage électrique : décharge électrique dans un gaz avec excitation électronique, par exemple [...]  3, record 3, French, - pompage%20%C3%A9lectrique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a type of laser employing a very high discharge current, passing down a small bore to ionize a noble gas such as argon or krypton.  2, record 4, English, - ion%20laser

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

laser à gaz dans lequel le matériau actif est un gaz ionisé contrairement aux lasers atomiques (hélium-néon) ou aux laser moléculaires (CO[2 En indice]).  3, record 4, French, - laser%20ionique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Carbon nanosheets(CNS) are a promising two-dimensional carbon allotrope for high current field emission cathodes and are grown by radio frequency(RF) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a C²H²/H² gas blend at substrate temperatures of ~ 600 °C. The resulting film consists of vertically oriented, honeycomb sp² carbon arrays terminating in single graphene sheets that serve as field emission cathodes. Conditioned films have previously been shown to provide high emission current density(~ 2 mA/mm²), and stable lifetime(less than 5% variation over >200 h).  2, record 5, English, - carbon%20nanoplate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les scientifiques travaillant sur le projet HARCANA («High aspect ratio carbon-based nanocomposites») financé par l'UE (Union Européenne) ont examiné l'une des classes de nanomatériaux les plus étudiées, les nanoparticules de carbone (NPC). Les NPC comprennent les nanotubes de carbone (NTC), les nano-fibres de carbone (NFC) et les nano-feuillets de carbone («carbon nanosheets» - CNS) ou graphite exfolié. L'introduction des NPC dans les polymères en tant que remplisseurs (nanoremplisseurs) pour produire des nanocomposites constitue un domaine de recherche actif. L'une des principales difficultés techniques dans ce domaine concerne l'agglomération ou l'encastrement. Comme mentionné précédemment, cela peut modifier considérablement les propriétés.  2, record 5, French, - nanofeuillet%20carbon%C3%A9

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nano-feuillet de carbone : Selon le Trésor de la langue française, les mots construits avec le préfixe «nano-» sont généralement soudés.  3, record 5, French, - nanofeuillet%20carbon%C3%A9

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hydrogen produced via the electrolysis of water in which the electricity used in the process is derived from renewable sources.  2, record 6, English, - green%20hydrogen

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are different techniques for producing hydrogen. Depending on the process, the hydrogen obtained may be labelled as black, grey, blue, green, etc.... Currently, 95% of the hydrogen consumed worldwide is produced from natural gas or coal.... Green hydrogen can be produced by "water electrolysis, "whereby an electric current is passed through water to break down its molecules... and extract hydrogen. In addition, if the current comes from a renewable energy source(hydroelectricity, wind or solar power), all elements of the generation cycle are low-carbon.  3, record 6, English, - green%20hydrogen

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hydrogène peut être produit par «électrolyse de l'eau» : ce procédé consiste à faire passer un courant électrique dans l'eau pour décomposer ses molécules [...] et en extraire l'hydrogène. Si, en plus, le courant utilisé provient d'une source d'énergie renouvelable (hydroélectricité, énergie éolienne ou solaire), tous les éléments du cycle de production sont à faible empreinte carbone. L'hydrogène produit porte l'appellation d'hydrogène vert.  1, record 6, French, - hydrog%C3%A8ne%20vert

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El hidrógeno verde se produce a partir de agua y energías renovables.  1, record 6, Spanish, - hidr%C3%B3geno%20verde

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fund will support provincial and territorial actions that materially reduce greenhouse gas emissions and are incremental to current plans, and achieve significant reductions within the period of Canada's nationally determined target.  3, record 7, English, - Low%20Carbon%20Economy%20Fund

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The ... Low Carbon Economy Fund will be split into two parts: the Low Carbon Economy Leadership Fund [and] the Low Carbon Economy Challenge ...  4, record 7, English, - Low%20Carbon%20Economy%20Fund

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce fonds soutiendra des mesures provinciales et territoriales visant à réduire de façon concrète les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, qui s'ajoutent aux plans actuels et permettent de réaliser des réductions considérables au cours de la période visée par la cible canadienne déterminée à l'échelle nationale.  3, record 7, French, - Fonds%20pour%20une%20%C3%A9conomie%20%C3%A0%20faibles%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20carbone

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le Fonds pour une économie à faibles émissions de carbone [...] sera divisé en deux volets : le Fonds du leadership pour une économie à faibles émissions de carbone [et] le Défi pour une économie à faibles émissions de carbone [...]  4, record 7, French, - Fonds%20pour%20une%20%C3%A9conomie%20%C3%A0%20faibles%20%C3%A9missions%20de%20carbone

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the gas pressure of the plasma varies across the radius of the cylinder, a self-generated current will spontaneously arise within the plasma, due to collisions between trapped particles and passing particles. The latter current is called the bootstrap current, and is commonly found in tokamak fusion devices.  2, record 8, English, - bootstrap%20current

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courant électrique produit par les gradients internes au plasma, principalement ceux de température et de densité.  1, record 8, French, - courant%20autog%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le courant autogénéré peut représenter une forte proportion du courant global qui circule dans le plasma d'un tokamak, ce qui facilite le fonctionnement en continu de ce tokamak.  1, record 8, French, - courant%20autog%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

courant autogénéré : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 30 septembre 2017.  2, record 8, French, - courant%20autog%C3%A9n%C3%A9r%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Medium Pressure Safety Injection with Accumulators. As with current pressurized water reactors(PWRs), accumulators are required for large loss-of-coolant accidents(LOCAs) to meet the need for higher initial makeup flows to refill the reactor vessel lower plenum and downcomer following RCS blowdown. The gas pressure forces open check valves that normally isolate the accumulators from the RCS. The accumulators are sized to respond to the complete severance of the largest RCS pipe by rapidly refilling the vessel downcomer and lower plenum.  1, record 9, English, - medium%20pressure%20safety%20injection

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'accident de perte de réfrigérant primaire par petite brèche [...] les injections de secours à moyenne pression (ISMP) environ 6 à 10 MPa, ne sont pas capables de compenser la brèche en liquide, le circuit primaire se vide, ce qui peut conduire au dénoyage du cœur.  1, record 9, French, - inspection%20de%20secours%20%C3%A0%20moyenne%20pression

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Light source in which an electric current passes through a gas enclosed in a glass or quartz envelope.  1, record 10, English, - discharge%20lamp

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous mentionnons ici les lampes à décharge principales qui peuvent donner d'intéressants effets.  1, record 10, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20d%C3%A9charge

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Current generations of warship utilise a combined diesel and diesel(CODAD), combined diesel and gas(CODAG), combined gas and gas(COGAG) or, in the case of the Type 23 frigate, combined diesel electric and gas(CODLAG) propulsion configurations. The first of these descriptors is used to identify the cruise method of propulsion and the second identifies the boost or sprint method.  3, record 11, English, - combined%20diesel%20and%20gas

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combined diesel and gas; CODAG: term and abbreviation standardized by NATO.  4, record 11, English, - combined%20diesel%20and%20gas

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propulsion combinée diesel et turbine à gaz.  1, record 11, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20et%20gaz

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

combiné diesel et gaz; CODAG : terme et abréviation normalisés par l'OTAN.  4, record 11, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20et%20gaz

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Current generations of warship utilise a combined diesel and diesel(CODAD), combined diesel and gas(CODAG), combined gas and gas(COGAG) or, in the case of the Type 23 frigate, combined diesel electric and gas(CODLAG) propulsion configurations. The first of these descriptors is used to identify the cruise method of propulsion and the second identifies the boost or sprint method.  2, record 12, English, - combined%20diesel%20electric%20and%20gas

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

CODLAG (combined diesel electric and gas turbine) systems use an electric motor and diesel powered generator for low speeds. An important feature is low noise for antisubmarine work.  3, record 12, English, - combined%20diesel%20electric%20and%20gas

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propulsion combinée diesel électrique et turbine à gaz.  1, record 12, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20%C3%A9lectrique%20et%20gaz

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

combiné diesel électrique et gaz : par analogie avec «combiné diesel et gaz».  1, record 12, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20%C3%A9lectrique%20et%20gaz

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Current generations of warship utilise a combined diesel and diesel(CODAD), combined diesel and gas(CODAG), combined gas and gas(COGAG) or, in the case of the Type 23 frigate, combined diesel electric and gas(CODLAG) propulsion configurations. The first of these descriptors is used to identify the cruise method of propulsion and the second identifies the boost or sprint method.  1, record 13, English, - combined%20diesel%20and%20diesel

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propulsion combinée diesel et diesel.  1, record 13, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20et%20diesel

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

combiné diesel et diesel : par analogie avec «combiné diesel et gaz».  1, record 13, French, - combin%C3%A9%20diesel%20et%20diesel

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Current generations of warship utilise a combined diesel and diesel(CODAD), combined diesel and gas(CODAG), combined gas and gas(COGAG) or, in the case of the Type 23 frigate, combined diesel electric and gas(CODLAG) propulsion configurations. The first of these descriptors is used to identify the cruise method of propulsion and the second identifies the boost or sprint method.  3, record 14, English, - combined%20gas%20and%20gas

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combined gas and gas; COGAG: term and abbreviation standardized by NATO.  4, record 14, English, - combined%20gas%20and%20gas

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propulsion combinée turbine à gaz et turbine à gaz.  1, record 14, French, - combin%C3%A9%20gaz%20et%20gaz

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

combiné gaz et gaz; COGAG : terme et abréviation normalisés par l'OTAN.  3, record 14, French, - combin%C3%A9%20gaz%20et%20gaz

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plasma arc treatment is a high energy technology able to treat a range of scheduled wastes. In plasma arc treatment a thermal field is created by directing an electric current through a low pressure gas stream. Plasma arc fields can reach 5 000 to 15 000°F.  2, record 15, English, - plasma%20arc%20treatment

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé de traitement des écumes au plasma représente la première solution valable pour le traitement des écumes non contaminées. [...] Aucune addition de sel n'est requise, simplifiant grandement la réutilisation des résidus d'oxyde qui peuvent alors servir de matières premières pour la fabrication de produits commerciaux. [...] la récupération d'aluminium par plasma est supérieure en raison du plus bas taux d'oxydation et de la plus petite quantité d'aluminium métallique laissée dans les résidus du procédé. [...] Le principe de base du procédé au plasma consiste à limiter la quantité du gaz oxydant entrant en contact avec l'écume, seulement 2% de l'aluminium étant oxydé dans le four.  1, record 15, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20traitement%20des%20%C3%A9cumes%20au%20plasma

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'intérêt du procédé au plasma est d'offrir une énergie très élevée et extrêmement concentrée, utilisable pour des opérations de découpage, de soudage, d'usinage, de fusion-projection de matériaux réfractaires ainsi que de vaporisation et de synthèse de matériaux. C'est un procédé peu polluant et souple d'emploi (pour éteindre le plasma, il suffit de couper le courant).  3, record 15, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20traitement%20des%20%C3%A9cumes%20au%20plasma

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... EEX [European Energy Exchange] is planning to support trading in system balancing energy by introducing a product for intraday structuring in addition to the day ahead products on the Natural Gas Spot Market which are already available (Day-ahead, 2-day ahead and weekend contracts). This product, the so-called "Within Day" contract, enables the trading participants to buy and sell quantities of gas at short notice for the rest of the trading day.  1, record 16, English, - within%20day%20contract

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The launch of the Within-Day contract expands the EEX Spot Market for natural gas and constitutes a further step towards the integration of control energy trading on the exchange. The product enables the trading participants to trade natural gas for the current gas delivery day for the GASPOOL and NCG [NetConnect Germany] market areas in the course of the day. The delivery period comprises the remaining hours of the respective current natural gas delivery day minus a lead time of three hours until the respective next full hour.  2, record 16, English, - within%20day%20contract

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intra-: Prefixed to nouns, forming adjectives, with the sense: Situated, occurring, carried on, etc. within …; as: ... intra-day, occurring within one day.  4, record 16, English, - within%20day%20contract

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le contrat «Within-Day» permet l’arbitrage et l’équilibrage intra-journalier pour la journée gazière en cours (l’équilibrage sur les réseaux français de gaz est journalier et non horaire) [...]  2, record 16, French, - contrat%20intrajournalier

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les mots formés avec le préfixe intra- s’écrivent sans trait d’union lorsque ce préfixe est suivi d’un mot commençant par une consonne. Lorsqu’il est suivi d’un mot qui commence par une voyelle, on met un trait d’union pour éviter la rencontre de deux voyelles pouvant entraîner une erreur de lecture ou de prononciation.  3, record 16, French, - contrat%20intrajournalier

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 2007, the Status of Women Council began implementation of the Northern Women in Mining, Oil and Gas(NWMOG) Project. The project, a comprehensive, strategic training program aimed at increasing the interest level participation, and retention of women in the mining, oil and gas sectors was based on the following research question : Given the current population of unemployed and underemployed women in the Northwest Territories; will a dedicated, womenonly, partnership-based and strategic approach to training and development be successful in increasing the interest level, participation, and retention rates of women in industrial and trades based occupations in the northern mining, oil and gas industries.  2, record 17, English, - Northern%20Women%20in%20Mining%2C%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Project

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Afin de préparer les femmes des Territoires du Nord-Ouest à un emploi dans les secteurs des mines, du pétrole et du gaz et de leur fournir les ressources et le soutien nécessaires, le Conseil sur la condition de la femme des Territoires du Nord-Ouest a lancé en 2007 le Northern Women in Mining, Oil and Gas Project (NWMOG).  3, record 17, French, - Northern%20Women%20in%20Mining%2C%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Project

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of ionization detector that responds to the permanent gases. It consists of a small ionization chamber in which the carrier gas and solute are irradiated with electron from a β-ray emitter while a potential is applied across the cell. When solutes enter the chamber there is a current change arising from the change in total cross-section for ionization.  2, record 18, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The carrier gas most commonly used is hydrogen but nitrogen and helium are also employed.  2, record 18, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A positive-ion current produced by collisions between electrons and residual gas molecules in an electron tube.  2, record 19, English, - gas%20current

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gas current : term officially approved by the Electronics and Telecommunications Terminology Committee.  3, record 19, English, - gas%20current

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La spectrométrie de mobilité ionique (ion mobility spectrometry, IMS) est une technique d'analyse chimique en phase gazeuse. Elle consiste à soumettre des molécules ionisées à un champ électrique dans un courant de gaz. Les ions se déplacent suivant le champ électrique à une vitesse qui dépendra de leur interaction avec le gaz, c'est-à-dire de leur masse, de leur taille et de leur forme : on parle de séparation suivant la mobilité.  2, record 19, French, - courant%20de%20gaz

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

courant de gaz : terme uniformisé par le Comité d’uniformisation des termes de l’électronique et des télécommunications (CUTEL).  3, record 19, French, - courant%20de%20gaz

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Issued by the Inuvialuit Game Council, the Mackenzie Valley Environmental Impact Review Board and the Minister of the Environment, August 2004. Current title : Terms of Reference for the Environmental Impact Statement/Mackenzie Gas Project.  2, record 20, English, - Environmental%20Impact%20Statement%20Terms%20of%20Reference%20for%20the%20Mackenzie%20Gas%20Project

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rendu public par le Conseil inuvialuit de gestion du gibier, de l'Office d'examen des répercussions environnementales de la vallée du Mackenzie et le ministre de l'Environnement, août 2004. La présente directive contient les lignes directrices pour la rédaction d’une étude d’impact environnemental pour le projet. La directive définit la nature et la portée des questions que doit aborder le promoteur dans l’étude d’impact environnemental.  1, record 20, French, - Directive%20pour%20l%27%C3%A9tude%20d%27impact%20environnemental%20du%20Projet%20gazier%20Mackenzie

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cadre de référence de l'étude d’impact environnemental du projet gazier Mackenzie : terme utilisé par la Direction des communications de l'Agence canadienne d'évaluation environnementale.  3, record 20, French, - Directive%20pour%20l%27%C3%A9tude%20d%27impact%20environnemental%20du%20Projet%20gazier%20Mackenzie

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The passage of electric current through a gas.  2, record 21, English, - gas%20discharge

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tipo de visualización que usa el fulgor producido por el gas neón ionizado para iluminar segmentos de los caracteres de visualización alfanuméricos.  2, record 21, Spanish, - descarga%20en%20un%20gas

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las visualizaciones de descarga de gas pueden verse a plena luz de sol y llegan a tener una duración de hasta 200 000 horas. Su desventaja principal es el alto voltaje requerido para operarlas y la circuitería de interfaz requerida para las aplicaciones de computadora (ordenador).  2, record 21, Spanish, - descarga%20en%20un%20gas

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In space-charge-wave tubes, the current flowing in the reflector circuit, including leakage current, gas current and the current caused by the electron bombardment of the reflector electrode.  2, record 22, English, - total%20reflector%20current

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un tube à onde de charge d'espace, courant circulant dans le circuit du réflecteur, et incluant le courant de fuite, le courant dû au gaz, et le courant causé par le bombardement électronique de l'électrode réflectrice.  1, record 22, French, - courant%20total%20de%20r%C3%A9flecteur

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the gas current to the electron current that causes it.  1, record 23, English, - vacuum%20factor

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport du courant de gaz au courant électronique qui l'engendre.  1, record 23, French, - facteur%20de%20vide

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Method and device for detecting a leak from a fuel element of an assembly for a nuclear reactor. The detection of the defective fuel assemblies may be effected under water in the pool, by acoustic, ultrasonic or eddy current methods of measurement. It is also possible to use cells called sipping test containers in which the release of radioactive products by the fuel assembly is promoted, these radioactive products being subsequently carried away by the water or a gas into a unit enabling them to be detected.  1, record 24, English, - sipping%20test%20container

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas d'un combustible nucléaire, le ressuage d'un gaz (généralement un produit de fission gazeux) permet de détecter des assemblages contenant des crayons non étanches. Cette opération est effectuée dans une cellule spéciale (cellule de ressuage) disposée soit dans la piscine du réacteur (dans le cas des Rep [réacteurs à eau pressurisée]), soit à l'entrée de l'usine du traitement des combustibles usés.  2, record 24, French, - cellule%20de%20ressuage

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When an ionizing particle enters the device, it collides with gas atoms and strikes electrons from their orbit around the nucleus of the gas atoms. In addition, an ionizing particle striking the outside of the tube can also knock electrons off the metal casing. In either case, these free electrons then are attracted to the positively charged central wire, gaining energy by the attraction. As they approach the wire they knock electrons off other atoms, creating an avalanche or cascade effect which results in a pulse of current large enough to be detected. A "quenching gas" is usually added to the filler gas so that these avalanches will dissipate over time and not continue indefinitely, which would cause inaccuracy or electronic failure.  1, record 25, English, - quenching%20gas

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un des constituants du mélange gazeux de remplissage d'un tube compteur de Geiger-Müller dont le rôle est de provoquer l'auto-extinction de la décharge [...]  1, record 25, French, - gaz%20de%20coupage

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] ce sont en général des vapeurs organiques.  1, record 25, French, - gaz%20de%20coupage

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The radiation is measured by measuring the number of pulses per time unit coming from the tube, which is proportional to the intensity of the radiation to be measured. The quenching gas in the radiation detector tubes is quenching after the elapse of a certain period of time the ionic current. This time is called the dead time of the G-M tube, during which the tube is unable to react to a possibly, arriving new quantum of radiation.  1, record 26, English, - quenching%20ggs

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément constitutif du mélange gazeux destiné au remplissage d'un tube compteur de Geiger-Müller, qui accélère l'auto-excitation de la décharge.  2, record 26, French, - gaz%20de%20coupage

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An assembly designed to measure the velocity of gas and comprising an ionising radiation source included in an ionisation chamber through which the gas studied is flowing, the value of the velocity being determined from the electric current flowing through the chamber.  1, record 27, English, - ionized%2Dgas%20anemometer

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A vacuum meter designed to measure low pressures and comprising an alpha radiation source.  1, record 28, English, - vacuum%20meter%20with%20alpha%20emitter

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In an ionisation chamber communicating with an enclosure, the vacuum of which is to be determined; the gas of the chamber is thus at the same pressure as the gas in the enclosure and the electric current flowing through the chamber provides the measure of this pressure.  1, record 28, English, - vacuum%20meter%20with%20alpha%20emitter

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Office of Petroleum Price Information(OPPI) provides factual information to Canadians on fuel prices, oil and gasoline markets and ways to manage energy costs. Part of the federal department of Natural Resources Canada, the Office's current mandate is to inform consumers about the market conditions and prices of petroleum products, over time, the Office plans to include other forms of energy such as electricity and natural gas.  1, record 29, English, - Office%20of%20Petroleum%20Price%20Information

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Bureau d'information sur le prix des produits pétroliers (BIPPP) offre aux Canadiens et aux Canadiennes de l'information factuelle sur le prix des combustibles et carburants, sur les marchés du pétrole et de l'essence et sur les façons de gérer leurs dépenses d'énergie. Il fait partie du ministère fédéral nommé Ressources naturelles Canada. Pour le moment, le BIPPP a le mandat d'informer les consommateurs sur les prix des produits pétroliers et sur les conditions des marchés connexes. Il devrait inclure éventuellement d'autres formes d'énergie comme l'électricité et le gaz naturel.  1, record 29, French, - Bureau%20d%27information%20sur%20le%20prix%20des%20produits%20p%C3%A9troliers

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of fluidizing, [i. e. of causing] a mass of finely divided solid to assume fluidity and other characteristics of a liquid by passing a current of gas, vapour, or liquid upwards through it.  3, record 31, English, - fluidization

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The solids so treated are frequently catalysts, hence the term "fluid catalysis."  4, record 31, English, - fluidization

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fluidization: [also designates the] state of being fluidized.  3, record 31, English, - fluidization

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé qui utilise la mise en suspension dense de particules dans un courant fluide ascendant pour améliorer la qualité des transferts entre fluide et particules, provoqués par ce type d'écoulement et de dispersion (réaction en lit fluidisé).  2, record 31, French, - fluidisation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suspensión de partículas sólidas, de tamaño suficientemente reducido y uniforme, en una corriente fluida, originando un lecho fluidizado.  2, record 31, Spanish, - fluidizaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fluidización es un procedimiento para transportar materias pulverulentas, que se usa principalmente en las fábricas de cemento. Estriba en hacer pasar una corriente de aire comprimido por el doble fondo (con el interior perforado) de un canal que contiene el polvo. Éste es arrastrado y corre por el canal como si fuera fluido.  3, record 31, Spanish, - fluidizaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se utiliza en operaciones que requieren un buen contacto sólido-fluido, como las reacciones químicas heterogéneas (tostación, calcinación, craqueo catalítico, etc.), y otras de transferencia de materia (secado, adsorción, etc.).  2, record 31, Spanish, - fluidizaci%C3%B3n

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A power generation system that is based on a combination of a small gas turbine and a directly driven high-speed generator.  1, record 32, English, - microturbine

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Based on the gas turbine engine developed in 1938 in England, a micro-turbine utilizes very high internal combustion pressures to rotate a power output shaft. Rotation and torque of a power output shaft is transferred, in the case of a micro-turbine generator, to an alternating current electrical generator.  3, record 32, English, - microturbine

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The electricity created by the high-speed generator is converted into useful voltage and frequency by a power converter that is also part of the system. The microturbine uses a combustor that can run on various fuels such as natural gas, diesel, ethanol, and biogas.  1, record 32, English, - microturbine

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un nouveau microcogénérateur à gaz naturel et un système automatisé de contrôle d'immeuble, ont conduit à l'amélioration du processus d'identification et de résolution des problèmes relatifs aux systèmes. Il s'agit de la première installation au Canada d'une micro-turbine servant à fournir de l'électricité et de la chaleur résiduelle à un immeuble.  1, record 32, French, - microturbine

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A suspension of solids in an upward-moving current of water or air, whereby the support given to the particles reduces the internal friction between them to such an extent that the suspension acquires fluid or partially-fluid properties.  2, record 33, English, - fluidized%20suspension

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Roy Jackson. Princeton University. ] My main current interest is in developing equations of change that describe the motion of a granular material and the fluid that occupies its interstices, and using these equations in the solution of problems of practical importance, such as fluidized beds; standpipe flow and particle circulation systems; shear flows, chutes, and landslides; and transport of gas and particles in pipes. We have been successful in elucidating the structures that dominate the behavior of fluidized suspensions and in applying these insights to practical flows.  3, record 33, English, - fluidized%20suspension

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous utilisons depuis un certain nombre d'années le lit fluidisé comme un outil d'étude de la sédimentation de particules macroscopiques (de rayon R >> 1µm) dans un fluide visqueux (sédimentation à faible nombre de Reynolds particulaire). Le lit fluidisé, dans lequel un écoulement ascendant de fluide compense, en moyenne, la sédimentation des particules, permet en effet d'obtenir une suspension stationnaire dans le référentiel du laboratoire (pas de vitesse moyenne des particules), avec de plus une concentration contrôlable simplement par le débit imposé dans le lit. Dans un tel système, la «vitesse de convection» de la suspension (vitesse de la suspension moyennée en volume, indépendamment de la nature de la phase, solide ou liquide) est égale en moyenne à la vitesse débitante imposée dans le lit, mais présente dans une section horizontale, un profil non-trivial, dont la connaissance est une étape clé de la description des suspensions fluidisées.  1, record 33, French, - suspension%20fluidis%C3%A9e

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SPI, or Sediment Profile Imagery, is an innovative and cost efficient method of surveying and/or monitoring lake or marine aquatic environments with a view to establishing the environmental status of these habitats or as part of a site suitability study.... SPI is based on single lens reflex(SLR) camera photography and computer-based image analysis which greatly accelerates the time required to write reports and provide relevant data to the client/legislator in a matter of weeks. SPI technology can readily quantify over 20 physical, chemical and biological parameters including : sediment grain size; prism penetration; surface pelletal layer; sediment surface relief; mud clasts; redox area; redox contrast; current apparent redox boundary; relict redox boundaries; methane gas vesicles; apparent faunal dominants; voids; burrows; surface features(e. g. worm tubes, epifauna, shell) ;dredged material; microbial aggregations; and successional stage.  1, record 34, English, - sediment%20profile%20imagery

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des photographies de profils sédimentaires obtenus de carottes prélevées à l'aide de carottiers en plexiglass Hargrave ont servi à mettre au point un moyen nouveau pour déterminer l'enrichissement en matières organiques. Des plongeurs autonomes prélèvent des carottes de sédiments pouvant aller jusqu'à 30 cm de longueur; une fois ramenées à la surface, les carottes sont photographiées, sous-échantillonnées et interprétées. L'interprétation repose sur la profondeur de discontinuité de l'oxydo-réduction et la présence ou l'absence d'organismes, de terriers et de vides, tels que révélés par les photographies numériques. On obtient ainsi un nombre intégré attribuable à l'indice d'enrichissement organique. M. Wildish a prouvé la justesse de cette méthode, appelée imagerie de profils sédimentaires (IPS), aux sites salmonicoles de la baie de Fundy et on prévoit aussi la mettre à l'essai à des installations semblables en Tasmanie (Australie).  1, record 34, French, - imagerie%20de%20profils%20s%C3%A9dimentaires

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a device for producing a current of air or gas(as to... move or raise hay, silage grain, or sawdust pneumatically).  1, record 35, English, - blower

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[l'ensileuse souffleuse est indispensable] pour le remplissage des silos tours et quelques fois [utile] dans les autres cas. Elle comporte un tablier de réception mobile conduisant le fourrage à un puissant ventilateur qui le refoule dans une canalisation verticale se terminant par un col de cygne à la partie supérieure du silo. [Cette machine est normalement utilisée] avec du fourrage préalablement haché.  1, record 35, French, - ensileuse%20souffleuse

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A modern 5 bay garage, serving customers in general auto repair. They are an authorized propane conversion center.  1, record 36, English, - propane%20conversion%20center

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Under current safety legislation, anyone who installs, repairs, services, removes or maintains an appliance or equipment used in the handling or use of a hydrocarbon, must be registered as a contractor. We keep a registry of these contractors in order to communicate relevant information to them, track incidents or safety issues and address public inquiries. Who needs to apply? Contractors must specifically apply for each of the following activities : Operating a compressed natural gas conversion centre. Operating a propane conversion centre. Installing a compressed natural gas, propane or liquid fuels refuelling station. Operating a liquid fuels facility.  2, record 36, English, - propane%20conversion%20center

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aide financière du gouvernement du Canada pour la démonstration de pousse-pousse automobiles au gaz naturel au Pakistan. [...] Le projet, qui vise les villes de Karachi et Lahore, a également pour objectif d'aider à la création d'un centre de conversion au gaz et d'un centre gouvernemental d'essai sur les émissions.  2, record 36, French, - centre%20de%20conversion%20au%20gaz%20propane

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A proposed process for making ultra-microshells would exploit the great decrease in solubility of a gas in a metal as the molten metal freezes. The process would produce smaller shells in a greater variety of materials than is possible with such current processes as those based on hollow-jet instability, dry-chemical blowing, or fluid-droplet drying.  1, record 42, English, - dry%2Dchemical%20blowing

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

soufflage : Technique permettant par action d'une pression d'air, de donner à une matière thermoplastique, préalablement ramollie par action de la chaleur, une forme déterminée.  2, record 42, French, - soufflage%20%C3%A0%20sec

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The inflexibility of past and present pricing mechanisms has contributed to the development of the current gas surplus.  1, record 43, English, - gas%20surplus

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Null-shift or bias errors are caused by a laser cavity, which is anisotropic with respect to the light beams traveling in opposite directions. The primary mechanism causing an anisotropic cavity is the flow of the laser medium(helium-neon gas) moving in the cavity. This flow can be attributed to two effects that is, thermal gradients... in the cavity, and unbalanced laser discharge current.  1, record 44, English, - anisotropic%20cavity

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A neutral gas(one where the individual molecules are electrically neutral) is a perfect insulator at low field strength. However, if it is subjected to a highly energizing field, some electrons will be ejected from their atoms and lead a brief independent existence before recombining with another molecule or being removed by encountering a conducting electrode. Thus a gaseous conduction path is formed. If current carriers are being generated more rapidly than are absorbed, the gas becomes fine conductor.  1, record 45, English, - gaseous%20conduction%20path

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To make secure and adequate electrical connection between(two or more conductors) either to ensure free passage of current [for example :] a railroad track with bonded joints or to maintain uniformity of electric potential(as of water and gas piping or the sheaths of electric cables).  2, record 46, English, - bond

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To bond containers together.  3, record 46, English, - bond

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Toluene. Recommended Handling Procedures. Special Precautions. ... Ground and bond metal containers for liquid transfers to prevent sparks from static electricity.  4, record 46, English, - bond

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the preceding context, the use of the verbs "to ground" and "to bond" makes the sentence hardly comprehensible for a non-specialist. It would have been clearer to say something like "there should be no electrical connections between the containers and with the ground ...", which renders the idea conveyed by "to bond" and "to ground" in that particular sentence in a much more simple way.  3, record 46, English, - bond

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple : Assurer la métallisation entre les masses métalliques. Le verbe «métalliser» n'est malheureusement pas attesté dans les sources écrites pour désigner la notion en électricité, contrairement au substantif «métallisation». Voir la définition de ce terme dans le contexte ci-après.  2, record 46, French, - assurer%20la%20m%C3%A9tallisation

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

métallisation : En électricité, liaison entre éléments métalliques de façon à obtenir des contacts offrant une faible résistance au courant continu ou alternatif de basse fréquence. [Définition normalisée par l'OTAN.]  3, record 46, French, - assurer%20la%20m%C3%A9tallisation

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 3 OBS

L'exemple d'utilisation du verbe anglais «to bond», tiré du cahier Toluène de la collection Enviroguide d'Environnement Canada et cité dans la partie anglaise de la fiche, pourrait être adapté en français pour devenir plus facilement compréhensible à un utilisateur non spécialiste. Par exemple, on pourrait dire : «Avant d'ouvrir les récipients, il importe d'établir une liaison électrique entre eux et avec la terre, à l'aide de conducteurs (ou cavaliers) souples, afin d'évacuer toute charge électrostatique qui pourrait provoquer une étincelle pendant le transvasement».  1, record 46, French, - assurer%20la%20m%C3%A9tallisation

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To monitor gas pressure and electrical current, the DESK II uses reliable solid state electronic bar graphs instead of analog meters. This eliminates mechanical moving parts, increasing meter reliability.  2, record 47, English, - electronic%20bar%20graph

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The arc lamp has a mechanism to regularize electric current and two or several carbon electrodes to produce a strong gas discharge : the voltaic arc. It has two pairs of charcoal electrodes that can generate a purple-hued arc and produce from 16 to 20 hours of open-air combustion.  1, record 48, English, - arc%20lamp

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La lampe à arc comprend un mécanisme de régularisation du courant et deux ou plusieurs électrodes de charbon produisant une vive décharge gazeuse : l'arc voltaïque. Cette lampe a deux paires d'électrodes en charbon de bois qui donnent à l'arc une teinte violacée et qui produisent entre 16 et 20 heures de combustion à l'air libre.  2, record 48, French, - lampe%20%C3%A0%20arc

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A variation of the gas metal arc welding process in which the current is pulsed. [Definition standardized by the AWS. ]  1, record 49, English, - gas%20metal%20arc%20welding%2Dpulsed%20arc

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gas metal arc welding-pulsed arc; GMAW-P: term and abbreviation standardized by the American Welding Society (AWS).  2, record 49, English, - gas%20metal%20arc%20welding%2Dpulsed%20arc

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manifestation of the magnetic self-attraction of parallel electric currents, such as constriction of ionized gas in a discharge tube, or constriction of molten metal through which a large current is flowing.  1, record 50, English, - pinch%20effect

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

phénomène de contraction de la section d'un fluide sous l'action du courant qui la traverse.  1, record 50, French, - effet%20de%20pincement

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A same designation could refer to a geographic or a geologic entity, sometimes with a slight variant in spelling or writing. It is important to distinguish one from the other and write each correctly according to the given context.  2, record 51, English, - Grimsby%20Formation

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Accounting for an appreciable percentage of current gas production are the sandstone reservoirs of the Whirlpool, Grimsby, and Thorold Formations of the Niagara Peninsula.  3, record 51, English, - Grimsby%20Formation

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La règle concernant la majuscule au générique d'un nom géologique demeure imprécise. Habituellement, les noms de divisions stratigraphiques portent la majuscule et les entités de moindre importance n'en portent pas.  2, record 51, French, - formation%20de%20Grimsby

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Une même désignation peut se référer à une entité géographique et à une entité géologique, parfois avec une légère variante. Il importe de bien distinguer l'une de l'autre et d'utiliser la graphie correcte selon le contexte.  2, record 51, French, - formation%20de%20Grimsby

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Les réservoirs des formations de grès de Whirlpool, de Grimsby et de Thorold de la péninsule de Niagara fournissent un pourcentage élevé de la production actuelle de gaz naturel.  3, record 51, French, - formation%20de%20Grimsby

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Photoionization detector... consists of a chamber into which gases suitable for the discharge such as helium, argon, nitrogen, or hydrogen are introduced through [a] tube which serves as the cathode for the discharge. The ultraviolet radiation or glow discharge in the hollow cathode, maintained by a small current between the cathode and discharge anode, is sufficiently energetic to ionize components in the carrier gas effluent entering through the tube, the collecting electrode(anode) for the ions liberated within the chamber enclosed by the second cathode.  5, record 52, English, - photoionization%20detector

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une version commerciale de ce détecteur est apparue récemment sur le marché, il est composé d'une lampe UV [détecteur à photoionisation] scellée qui émet un rayonnement à 121,6nm (10,2 eV) à travers une fenêtre en fluorure de magnésium. Si le soluté passant dans ce détecteur a un potentiel d'ionisation inférieur à 10,2eV, il s'ionise en absorbant un photon. Les ions issus de cette photoionisation sont collectés en appliquant un potentiel positif sur une des électrodes. Le courant qui en résulte est amplifié par un électromètre identique à celui utilisé avec un détecteur à ionisation de flamme.  1, record 52, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A0%20photoionisation

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Semiconductive Thin Film Detector. Using the known principle that the adsorption and desorption of gases cause a change in electrical conductivity of semiconductors, Seiyama et al. developed a new chromatographic detector for gaseous components.... The current, depending upon the resistance of the film, is converted to voltage by the variable resistance, which is fed without amplification to a recorder. Resistance also adjusts the input voltage of the recorder at desired sensitivity. Using zinc oxide as an example of a typical film material, the conductivity of its film maintains a fixed value when the nitrogen carrier gas is passed at a constant flow rate throught the borosilicate glass tube. When a small amount of another gas or vapor is added to the carrier gas, its conductivity is changed.  1, record 53, English, - semiconductive%20thin%20film%20detector

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A simple arrangement of two cavities in series showed the feasibility of detecting traces of one gas in another. A klystron was used to generate microwave power which was fed through a wave guide to a transmission-type cavity. Another cavity was mounted in series with and tuned to the same frequency as the first; both cavities were identical except that the second had a gas inlet and outlet ports. From this measuring cell, its microwave energy was sent to a crystal detector. By frequency-modulating the klystron with a 50-cps sine wave voltage on the repeller, a burst of energy passes to the detector each time the generator frequency equals that of the cavities. The detector current is amplified and measured with an oscilloscope. At the beginning of the run, the two cavities are filled with the nitrogen carrier gas and, if the composition in one of the cavities is changed, its electrical size will change... causing a decrease of current from the detector.  1, record 54, English, - crystal%20detector

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

However, using pure helium as the carrier gas, several investigators have proposed direct methods for permanent gas analysis in contrast to Willis's indirect procedure using argon containing small amounts of ethylene or acetylene, the permanent gases being detected by their quenching effects upon the standing current of the impure argon.  1, record 55, English, - quenching

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In 1957, Ryce and Bryce described a sensitive ionization gauge based on the ionization potentials of vapors. It comprised a filament, a grid, and a plate. The potential difference between the filament and grid accelerated electrons which may ionize any gas in their path. If The grid potential is maintained at a level insufficient to ionize the helium carrier gas, no current flows in the plate circuit. If a potential difference of 18 V is maintained between the filament and the grid, compounds of lower ionization potential in the helium will be ionized and the positive ions produced will yield a cathode current, the current noted being a measure of the ion concentration.  1, record 56, English, - grid

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lovelock developed a small detector intended for use with open tubular columns, and a new triode detector having a sensitivity 1000 times greater than his original detector... The triode detector... incorporates a ring electrode, in addition to the normal anode and cathode electrodes, which separates the background current(positive ions liberated by vapor/metastable argon reactions or collisions) of the primary electron stream from the signal current. Basically, both detectors are similar to the simple device in design : their brass or stainless steel chambers function as cathodes; their anodes of the same material are supported coaxially within the chamber by a polytetrafluoroethylene insulator; both contain ports for introduction and escape of the chromatographic column gas effluent from the detectors; and each have a suitable source of alpha or beta radiation.  1, record 57, English, - triode%20detector

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermionic or Electron Impact Detector. In 1957, Ryce and Bryce described a sensitive ionization gauge based on the ionization potentials of vapors. It comprised a filament, a grid, and a plate. The potential difference between the filament and grid accelerated electrons which may ionize any gas in their path. If the grid potential is maintained at a level insufficient to ionize the helium carrier gas... no current flows in the plate circuit. If a potential difference of 18 V is maintained between the filament and the grid, compounds of lower ionization potential in the helium will be ionized and the positive ions produced will yield a cathode current, the current noted being a measure of the ion concentration. Into the modified ionizing chamber, operated at reduced pressure, a small fraction of the column effluent gas stream(less than 0. 5%) was allowed to flow into the gauge through a controlled leak. Over a 0. 02-l. 5 mm Hg pressure range, the sensitivity was approximately proportional to the pressure, and sensitivities in the range of 10[ minus superscript 12] mole were claimed.  1, record 58, English, - electron%20impact%20detector