TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The formation of liquid] when exhaust gas condenses on surfaces in the exhaust stream(flues, chimneys, etc.).  2, record 1, English, - flue%20gas%20condensation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Formation de liquide] par la condensation des gaz évacués sur les surfaces des parties servant à l’évacuation (conduits, cheminées, etc.).  2, record 1, French, - condensation%20de%20gaz%20de%20combustion

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

APCI is a mode of ionization that is similar to ESI [electrospray ionization] in that ionization takes place at atmospheric pressure, entails nebulization and desolvation, and incorporates an interface design, which is similar to that of ESI. A key difference between APCI and ESI is that ESI is based on ions that are formed in solution, whereas APCI uses ions that are formed in the gas phase. In APCI, instead of high voltage being applied to the inlet capillary, mobile phase from the separation device is evaporated within a heater, and the vapor passes a needle with an applied current, which generates a corona discharge for the formation of stable reaction ions.  3, record 2, English, - atmospheric%20pressure%20chemical%20ionization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ionisation par APCI [...] se fait grâce à une décharge couronne. Ce type de décharge se forme lorsqu'on applique une haute tension sur une aiguille. Le champ électrique à la pointe de l'aiguille devient alors suffisamment intense qu'il se produit une décharge dans l'air, ionisant ses composantes. Ces ions peuvent ensuite réagir avec les molécules neutres de l'air pour former d'autres ions et même ioniser un analyte gazeux introduit près de la décharge couronne.  2, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Contrairement à l'ESI [ionisation par électronébulisation], où l'ionisation des molécules s'effectue en solution, l'APCI conduit à la formation d'ions en phase gazeuse.  3, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

APCI : L'abréviation «APCI» provient du terme anglais «atmospheric pressure chemical ionization».  4, record 2, French, - ionisation%20chimique%20%C3%A0%20pression%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The BLM covers the special case of liquid releases with formation of a pool. It does not only solve the gas dispersion, but also calculates the evaporating mass flow out of the pool.  3, record 3, English, - boundary%20layer%20model

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le modèle de la couche limite se base sur la décomposition du domaine de l'écoulement en deux sous-domaines : un sous-domaine situé dans le voisinage immédiat du corps où les forces de frottement sont du même ordre de grandeur que les forces d'inertie; un sous-domaine du mouvement visqueux, situé à une certaine distance du corps, en dehors du champ de mouvement, où les forces d'inertie sont dominantes par rapport aux forces de frottement qui sont considérées négligeables.  4, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20la%20couche%20limite

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BLM: por sus siglas en inglés "boundary layer model".  3, record 3, Spanish, - modelo%20de%20capa%20l%C3%ADmite

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The underground formation chosen for drilling and gas extraction.  2, record 4, English, - target%20formation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The refinement of the hydraulic fracture process that occurs as operators collect more resource specific data, helps to create a more optimized fracture pattern within the target formation to increase gas production and ensure that the fractures do not grow out of the formation which may reduce production.  3, record 4, English, - target%20formation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation souterraine choisie pour le forage et l'extraction de gaz.  2, record 4, French, - formation%20cible

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le forage a pour objectif de créer une liaison entre la surface et la formation cible, en perforant les couches géologiques sur des profondeurs pouvant atteindre une dizaine de milliers de mètres.  3, record 4, French, - formation%20cible

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizontal hydraulic fracturing is accomplished by drilling vertically to the depth of the shale formation, which is generally found between 0. 6 – 1. 5 km below the surface. When the gas-containing shale is intercepted, the drill bit is maneuvered to travel horizontally through the center of the formation for a distance of up to 1. 6km. Water, biocides, surfactants, sands, and other chemicals are forced into the borehole under extremely high pressure to induce fractures in the shale that allow gas to rise to the surface for collection...  1, record 5, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  3, record 5, English, - horizontal%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d'un puits de forage afin d'en augmenter la perméabilité et de permettre au gaz de s'échapper.  2, record 5, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A shale formation] containing significant accumulations of natural gas...  7, record 6, English, - shale%20gas%20play

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Shale-gas resource plays may be extremely tight (low permeability) to highly fractured, with variable bulk mineralogical composition controlling the brittle versus ductile nature of the shale.  5, record 6, English, - shale%20gas%20play

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The resource is considered a resource play, [when] gas is pervasively distributed through the geologically defined play area. Thus, success at discovering the resource with a well is 100 per cent.  8, record 6, English, - shale%20gas%20play

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation de schiste contenant une accumulation importante de gaz naturel.  5, record 6, French, - zone%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On considère que la ressource forme une zone quand le gaz est fortement distribué à la grandeur de la zone géologique définie. Le taux de réussite pour la découverte de la ressource comportant un puits est ainsi de 100 %.  3, record 6, French, - zone%20de%20gaz%20de%20schiste

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A disorder of fishes, crustaceans [and other aquatic species] marked by formation of gas bubbles in the tissues and body fluids and occurring when the tension of gases becomes higher in the body fluids than in the surrounding water.  6, record 7, English, - gas%2Dbubble%20disease

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation de bulles gazeuses dans le sang et les tissus des poissons, [crustacés et autres espèces aquatiques] à la suite d'une sursaturation gazeuse dans le milieu de culture.  3, record 7, French, - embolie%20gazeuse

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Patología originada en factores abióticos, como la sobresaturación de gases atmosféricos [...] que se caracteriza por la formación de burbujas de gas atrapadas entre o dentro de los tejidos, particularmente alrededor de los ojos, en los capilares branquiales, y en otras partes del sistema circulatorio.  3, record 7, Spanish, - embolia%20gaseosa

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El oxígeno a concentraciones elevadas también produce patologías en especies de aguas cálidas y frías, incluyendo al camarón. Este problema se conoce con el nombre de "síndrome de la embolia gaseosa o de las burbujas de gas". El aire pasa fácilmente de las branquias a la circulación, como éste fisiológicamente no lo puede mantener, el exceso se desprende en forma de burbujas que llegan hasta órganos o sitios vitales, los obstruyen e impiden la oxigenación.  3, record 7, Spanish, - embolia%20gaseosa

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A mechanism for the formation of atmospheric aerosols via the gas to particle conversion of highly oxidized organic molecules is found to be the dominant aerosol formation process in the preindustrial boundary layer over land. The inclusion of this process in a global aerosol model raises baseline preindustrial aerosol concentrations and could lead to a reduction of 27% in estimates of anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing.  1, record 8, English, - anthropogenic%20aerosol%20radiative%20forcing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Malgré l'intensification des études sur ce sujet, l'estimation du forçage radiatif des aérosols anthropiques et l'estimation de leur impact sur les variables physiques sont encore très incertaines.  6, record 8, French, - for%C3%A7age%20radiatif%20des%20a%C3%A9rosols%20anthropiques

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural gas from very low permeability reservoirs is often referred to as "tight gas" and requires special stimulation before commercial rates of production can be achieved.  5, record 9, English, - tight%20gas

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tight gas refers to natural gas [accumulated in] reservoirs locked in extraordinarily impermeable, hard rock, making the underground formation extremely "tight. "  6, record 9, English, - tight%20gas

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz naturel qui est difficile à extraire de la roche dans laquelle il est piégé, en raison de la faible perméabilité de celle-ci.  7, record 9, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le gaz de réservoir étanche désigne une composante du gaz classique qui est produite à partir de réservoirs de faible perméabilité. Généralement, les réservoirs de gaz étanches n'ont pas de voies de cheminement naturelles suffisantes à travers le roc pour que le gaz naturel rejoigne le puits de forage; ils ont donc besoin d'une forme de stimulation artificielle pour créer ces voies de cheminement.  8, record 9, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[…] le gaz de schiste, le gaz de réservoir étanche et le pétrole de réservoir étanche font référence aux ressources non traditionnelles provenant de réservoirs à faible perméabilité qui sont exploitées en utilisant des puits horizontaux et la fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes.  9, record 9, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pétrole de réservoir compact : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2018.  10, record 9, French, - gaz%20de%20r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gas natural contenido en rocas muy compactas, areniscas y/o calizas, con valores de permeabilidad matricial muy bajos.  4, record 9, Spanish, - gas%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] el gas [...] ha migrado desde la roca madre y se encuentra contenido en microfracturas y en la escasa porosidad matricial de la roca [reservorio].  4, record 9, Spanish, - gas%20de%20formaciones%20compactas

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Petrophysics is the study of the physical properties and the rock and fluid interaction in petroleum systems. A petrophysicist in the oil and gas industry helps fill in some of the details after geologists and geophysicists have found a reservoir target. Specifically, they create a clear picture of the reservoir's rock formation, fluid content, permeability and porosity.  2, record 10, English, - petrophysicist

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In conventional reservoirs, oil and gas are fairly mobile and easily move through the permeable formation because of buoyancy(they are lighter than the water in the same formation and therefore rise) until they are trapped against an impermeable rock(i. e. a seal) that prevents further movement. This leads to localized pools of oil and gas while the rest of the formation is filled with water.  2, record 11, English, - conventional%20reservoir

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les réservoirs classiques, le pétrole et le gaz sont relativement mobiles et circulent facilement à travers la formation perméable en raison de leur flottabilité – ils sont plus légers que l'eau qui se trouve dans la même formation, si bien qu'ils lèvent – jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient emprisonnés contre la roche imperméable qui l'empêche d'aller plus loin. Cela produit des gisements localisés de pétrole et de gaz alors que le reste de la formation est rempli d'eau.  3, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20classique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En raison de la bonne perméabilité de la roche dans un réservoir conventionnel, le gaz s'échappe librement vers le puits de forage.  4, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20classique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En los reservorios o yacimientos convencionales, las características porosas y permeables de las rocas que los conforman permiten que los hidrocarburos contenidos en sus poros microscópicos fluyan bajo ciertas condiciones hacia el pozo.  2, record 11, Spanish, - yacimiento%20convencional

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The volume of gas obtained in the carbonisation process or gasification process expressed as m³/te (or ft³/ton) of the fuel feed. Reference conditions should be stated.  2, record 12, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methane Production Potential. ... In the anaerobic process, a certain amount of gas is produced per pound of volatile solids broken down or destroyed by the bacteria. This is referred to as "gas yield". ... Table 1. Potential gas production of swine, dairy, poultry and beef. ... Gas yield, cu. ft. per lb. volatile solids destroyed.  3, record 12, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparison between the pyrolysis of two types of polyethylenes in a fluidized bed reactor.... Methane, benzene and toluene formation was favored at high residence time. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butene, and pentane cracked to different extents with increasing residence time and/or temperature. Maximum total gas yield obtained at 800°C from branched polyethylene and less branched polyethylene in continuous operation is 91. 8 and 97. 5%, respectively.  4, record 12, English, - gas%20yield

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volume de gaz obtenu par la carbonisation ou par la gazéification, rapporté à la masse de combustibles mis en œuvre et exprimé en m³/t. Les conditions de référence doivent être indiquées dans chaque cas.  1, record 12, French, - rendement%20en%20gaz

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volumen de gas obtenido en la carbonización o en la gasificación expresado en m³/T del combustible introducido. Debe indicarse las condiciones en que se mide el gas.  1, record 12, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20gas

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gas laser in which a glow discharge is maintained without arc formation at atmospheric pressure(which is relatively high for a gas laser) by using a discharge which is transverse rather than parallel to the optic axis.  1, record 13, English, - TEA%20laser

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lasers TEA. Ce sont des lasers Transverse Electrique à la pression Atmosphérique. Le champ électrique d'excitation est transversal, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaire à l'axe de la cavité résonnante. La pression des gaz est sensiblement la pression atmosphérique. La disposition transverse permet d'avoir des champs électriques importants sur de courtes distances. L'excitation est impulsionnelle. Les lasers TEA sont donc des lasers impulsionnels, pouvant émettre des énergies allant jusqu'à la centaine de joules, avec des durées d'impulsions inférieures à la microseconde.  1, record 13, French, - laser%20TEA

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A heavy oil explosive poisonous liquid compound... that is almost colorless when pure and has a sweet taste, that is obtained by nitrating glycerol, that burns quietly in the open air but explodes on heating in a closed vessel or especially on percussion with the formation of about 10, 000 times its own volume of gas, and that is used chiefly in making dynamites and propellant explosives(as blasting gelatin) and in medicine as a vasodilator(as in angina pectoris).  12, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  1, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nitroglycerin; nitroglycerine; trinitroglycerin; trinitroglycerine: common names.  1, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Also known under a large number of commercial designations, such as: Adesitrin; Angibid; Anginine; Angiolingual; Angorin; Blasting Gelatin; Blasting Oil; Buccal; Cardamist; Deponit; Gilucor nitro; Glonoin; GTN; GTN-Pohl; Lenitral; Minitran; Myocon; NA 1204; NG; Niglin; Niglycon; NIONG; Nitora; Nitradisc; Nitrin; Nitrine; Nitrocap; Nitrocine; Nitro-disc; Nitro-dur; Nitroglyn; Nitrogard; Nitroject; Nitrol; Nitrolan; Nitro-lent; Nitroletten; Nitrolingual; Nitrolowe; Nitromel; Nitronet; Nitrong; Nitrospan; Nitrorectal; Nitro-span; Nitrostabilin; Nitrostat; Nitrozell retard; NK-843; NTG; Nysconitrine; Perglottal; SK-106N; S.N.G.; Soup; Temponitrin; Transderm-nitro; Tridil sublin; Trinalgon; Trinitrin; Trinitrol; Vasoglyn.  13, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Chemical formula: C₃H₅N₃O₉ or C₃H₅(ONO₂)₃  13, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 5 OBS

nitroglycerine; NG: term and abbreviation officially approved by the Joint Terminology Panel and the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  14, record 14, English, - propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyl%20trinitrate

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trinitrate de propane-1,2,3-triyle : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  1, record 14, French, - trinitrate%20de%20propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyle

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nitroglycérine : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  8, record 14, French, - trinitrate%20de%20propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyle

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

nitroglycérine; trinitroglycérine : noms usuels.  1, record 14, French, - trinitrate%20de%20propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyle

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : C₃H₅N₃O₉ ou C₃H₅(ONO₂)₃  9, record 14, French, - trinitrate%20de%20propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyle

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 5 OBS

nitroglycérine; NG : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie interarmées et par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  8, record 14, French, - trinitrate%20de%20propane%2D1%2C2%2C3%2Dtriyle

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₃H₅N₃O₉ o C₃H₅(ONO₂)₃  2, record 14, Spanish, - trinitrato%20de%20glicerilo

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A drilling mud with entrained formation gas that gives the mud a characteristic fluffy texture.  3, record 15, English, - gas%2Dcut%20mud

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because the presence of a large amount of gas in the mud lowers its density, such mud requires treatment to avoid the danger of a blowout. However, since a small volume of gas expands as it reaches the surface, often it needs not be of concern.  3, record 15, English, - gas%2Dcut%20mud

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

GCM: ... the abbreviation for gas-cut mud; used in drilling reports.  3, record 15, English, - gas%2Dcut%20mud

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Boue de forage contenant du gaz dissous provenant de la formation.  1, record 15, French, - boue%20%C3%A9mulsionn%C3%A9e%20de%20gaz

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cloud chamber containing air supersaturated with water vapor by sudden expansion, in which rapidly moving nuclear particles such as alpha or beta rays produced ionization tracks by condensation of vapor on the ions produced by the rays.  4, record 16, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cloud chambers were first developed by Charles T. R. Wilson around 1911 for experiments on the formation of rain clouds. Wilson knew that water vapour condensed around ions, atoms which have become charged by gaining or losing electrons. However, an alpha particle, for example, which had an electric charge, would leave a trail of ions as it passed through a gas. If water vapour condensed on these ions, the track of the alpha particle would become visible as a line of water droplets.  2, record 16, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are two basic types of cloud chambers in use today; (1) the expansion chamber ... which depends upon expansion of the air, within the chamber, to cool it and thus create a supersaturated atmosphere, and (2) the continuous or diffusion type chamber ..., that creates a supersaturated atmosphere by diffusion of vapor from the warm upper region of the chamber to the cooled bottom of the chamber. In both types, electrically charged ions created by nuclear particles colliding with atoms within the chamber atmosphere, serve as nuclei of condensation.  5, record 16, English, - Wilson%20cloud%20chamber

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chambre à nuage dans laquelle la sursaturation de la vapeur est obtenue pendant un court intervalle de temps par une détente rapide.  1, record 16, French, - chambre%20de%20Wilson

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recipiente, a menudo cilíndrico, dotado de una ventana transparente y de un pistón móvil que permite que el vapor de agua en el recipiente se expanda y se condense cuando la presión disminuye al ser desplazado el pistón hacia afuera.  2, record 16, Spanish, - c%C3%A1mara%20de%20Wilson

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cementitious materials include the variety of ceramic products that may be mixed with water or another liquid to form a paste. The paste, which is temporarily plastic, can be molded and may or may not have aggregate added to it. Later, it hardens or sets to a rigid mass. The simple cementing materials, such as limes and plasters, are produced by driving off a liquid or gas from some natural mineral.... The more complex hydraulic cements derive their cementing properties from formation of new chemical compounds during the manufacturing process.  5, record 17, English, - cementing%20material

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The NRC has reviewed a number of alternative [radioactive waste] disposal methods and concluded that it will focus its efforts on concepts that utilize cementitious materials with earthen covers and that only minimal effort will be spent on aboveground vaults or mined caverns.  6, record 17, English, - cementing%20material

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A few bilingual dictionaries (cf. INDUS 1986 and LEBAT 1971) give "hydraulic binder" as the English equivalent of the French term "liant hydraulique," but this is contrary to current English usage.  7, record 17, English, - cementing%20material

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"cementitious": of the nature of cement.  8, record 17, English, - cementing%20material

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] poudre minérale qui forme avec l'eau une pâte faisant prise et durcissant progressivement, même à l'abri de l'air notamment sous l'eau.  4, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les liants hydrauliques [...] font prise de façon irréversible lorsqu'ils sont mis au contact de l'eau et peuvent durcir sous l'eau [...]; ce sont les ciments et les chaux hydrauliques.  5, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les liants agissant par réaction chimique sont essentiellement les liants hydrauliques qui font prise en présence d'eau (chaux hydraulique, ciment, plâtre) et sont destinés à la confection des mortiers et des bétons.  6, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Quelques dictionnaires bilingues (cf. LEBAT 1971) traduisent le terme anglais «cementitious material» par «matériau cimentaire», mais ce terme n'est pas attesté en français commun et constitue un calque de l'anglais. D'ailleurs, le ROBER 1985 donne le mot «cimentaire» pour rare et l'on s'attendrait plutôt à l'adjectif «cimentier», attesté au LAROG 1982 et qu'on trouve notamment dans le terme «industrie cimentière» (UNIVE 1984, volume 4, page 1052).  2, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«cimentaire» : Qui appartient aux ciments.  7, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«cimentaire» : Rare. Qui est propre au ciment. [Par exemple :] Mélange cimentaire.  8, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 4 OBS

«cimentier», «ère» (adjectif) : Relatif au ciment.  9, record 17, French, - liant%20hydraulique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material inorgánico o mezcla de materiales inorgánicos que fragua y desarrolla resistencia gracias a su reacción química con el agua, para formar hidratos.  1, record 17, Spanish, - material%20cementante

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El material es capaz de reaccionar del mismo modo inmerso en agua.  1, record 17, Spanish, - material%20cementante

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the amount of gas that can desorb from the organic and mineral matter in the formation at well-abandonment pressures and then be recovered by moving through the reservoir to any well...  1, record 18, English, - marketable%20adsorbed%20dry%20gas

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] volume de gaz pouvant être libéré de la matière organique et minérale dans la formation aux pressions qui valent à la cessation d’exploitation d’un puits, puis récupéré en circulant dans le réservoir jusqu’à n’importe quel puits [...]  1, record 18, French, - gaz%20sec%20commercialisable%20adsorb%C3%A9

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A loss of ozone around 40 km is particularly significant because that is the altitude where chlorine is thought to be the major player in the destruction of ozone. (Nitrogen radicals are the key species in the lower stratosphere, between about 12 and 30 km.)  5, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nitrogen(·); N· radical: The dot must be centered and pronounced after the name: "nitrogen dot"; "N dot radical."  6, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

II-VI short wavelength lasers have had to overcome several technical challenges to become what they are today. Arguably the foremost obstacle to practical ZnSe based light emitters was the ability to p-type dope the semiconductor. It was discovered that by incorporating free nitrogen radicals in ZnSe sufficiently high p-type doping could be obtained.  6, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Vitamin C and lipoic acid are also potent antioxidants that can scavenge various reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals.  7, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The injection of natural gas and urea has been shown to enhance the NOx reduction potential of the natural gas in utility boilers. The chemical kinetics mechanisms of FLGR® and SNCR have many of the same selective reactions. The injection of natural gas in hot, low oxygen furnace gas results in the formation of hydrocarbon radicals(CHi) and the subsequent formation of nitrogen radicals. The injection of urea(NH2-CO-NH2) results in the formation of similar nitrogen radicals. Both of these reagents reduce NOx to molecular nitrogen through a series of similar reactions.  8, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 5 CONT

New studies of the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere suggest a reordering of the catalytic cycles. Recent in-situ observations (from ER-2 flights) suggest that nitrogen radicals may not be as dominant in the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere as previously thought.  9, record 19, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

radicaux azotés : Famille de radicaux libres, qui contiennent au moins un atome d'azote, très importante dans le processus de destruction de l'ozone.  4, record 19, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le représentant le plus dangereux de [la] famille [des radicaux N·] est le radical NO· [le point est centré, on prononce «radical NO point», ou monoxyde d'azote].  4, record 19, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs nouvelles méthodes pour engendrer les radicaux iminyles, amidyles, carbamyles et autres radicaux azotés ont été mises au point. Les applications en synthèse organique, surtout dans le domaine des alcaloïdes, sont multiples. Les dérivés thiosemicarbazones, qui réagissent avec les radicaux stannyles pour donner des radicaux azotés par rupture de la liaison N-N, semblent particulièrement prometteurs car les précurseurs sont d'un accès très aisé.  5, record 19, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

acide aminé : unité moléculaire de base des protéines, contenant un radical azoté et un acide organique.  6, record 19, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

azote(·); radical N·: Le point est un point centré; pour les noms des radicaux comportant un point centré, il faut prononcer «dot» en anglais et «point» en français après le nom : «azote point»; «radical N point».  7, record 19, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A miscible hydrocarbon displacement process consisting in the injection of lean gas at a high pressure in order to cause retrograde evaporation of the crude oil and formation of a miscible phase between the gas and oil.  2, record 20, English, - high%20pressure%20lean%20gas%20process

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C2-C6 components are transferred from the oil to the gas.  1, record 20, English, - high%20pressure%20lean%20gas%20process

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'injection de gaz haute pression concerne l'injection de gaz d'hydrocarbures ou de gaz inertes. [...] Il est indispensable que l'huile soit relativement riche en intermédiaires. [...] Il y a enrichissement du gaz en produits lourds et en produits intermédiaires.  1, record 20, French, - injection%20de%20gaz%20haute%20pression

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere by capturing it directly from major point sources and injecting it into sedimentary strata. Carbon dioxide can be sequestered by stratigraphic and structural trapping in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, by solubility trapping in reservoir oil and formation brines, and by adsorption trapping in coal beds. In addition, CO₂ can be stored or sequestered for extremely long periods of time in deep saline aquifers.  4, record 21, English, - geological%20storage

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Some authors make a distinction between the terms "geological storage" and "geological sequestration." The disposal of CO₂ in geological formation can be either permanent (geological sequestration) or for a significant time period (geological storage).  5, record 21, English, - geological%20storage

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le stockage géologique consiste à piéger le gaz carbonique à la source, puis à l'enterrer dans les profondeurs terrestres.  3, record 21, French, - stockage%20g%C3%A9ologique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Parmi les méthodes les plus prometteuses pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, le stockage (ou la séquestration) géologique du CO₂ est largement étudié. Il s'agit de l'injection de CO₂ à l'état supercritique dans le sous-sol, notamment dans les réservoirs pétroliers et gaziers épuisés, les aquifères salins profonds ou encore les veines de charbons.  4, record 21, French, - stockage%20g%C3%A9ologique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains auteurs font cependant une distinction entre les termes «stockage géologique» et «séquestration géologique». La séquestration du CO₂ dans des formations géologiques serait permanente alors que le stockage se ferait sur une longue période de temps.  5, record 21, French, - stockage%20g%C3%A9ologique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water weighs 8. 3 pounds a gallon. Formation pressures can be up to 16 pounds per gallon coming the other way. While you’re drilling that hole and setting those pipes to create a pressure integrity conduit, you use a mixture — barite and other chemicals — so that you take water at 8. 3 pounds a gallon and make it 18 pounds a gallon, and you pump that into the well as you drill the hole. Then that 16-pound-per-gallon force that oil and gas want to come in with, you’re holding that down with the mud at 18 pounds a gallon.  1, record 22, English, - pressure%20integrity%20conduit

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The end fittings of flexible flowlines or risers in a subsea production system shall have pressure integrity and load-bearing capacities greater than that of the pipe.  2, record 22, English, - pressure%20integrity%20conduit

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les raccords des conduites d’écoulement ou des tubes prolongateurs souples du système de production sous-marin doivent posséder une résistance à la pression et aux charges plus grande que celle du tuyau.  2, record 22, French, - canalisation%20r%C3%A9sistante%20%C3%A0%20la%20pression

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fermentation of canned products(as peas or corn) that is caused by thermoduric microorganisms which survive the canning process and that is characterized by the formation of acid without gas.  3, record 23, English, - flat%2Dsour%20spoilage

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les germes thermophiles (...) sont (...) tous thermorésistants. Parmi eux, on rencontre des germes aérobies, le plus connu est Bacillus stearothermophilus, germe responsable du "flat sour" (surissement sans bombage) et production d'acide lactique  3, record 23, French, - surissement%20sans%20bombage

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fermentation bacillaire thermoacidophile dans les conserves acides (p. ex. tomates).  2, record 23, French, - surissement%20sans%20bombage

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rotary speeds are of the order of 90 to 100 rev/min and penetration rates range from 23 to 40 ft/h (the lower limit applying to the larger diameter surface casing holes, and the upper limit to the deep small diameter holes in the production zone).  2, record 24, English, - casing%20hole

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

casing : Steel pipe placed in an oil or gas well to prevent the wall of the hole from caving in, to prevent movement of fluids from one formation to another, and to improve the efficiency of extracting petroleum if the well is productive.  3, record 24, English, - casing%20hole

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 PHR

surface casing hole  2, record 24, English, - casing%20hole

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les vitesses de rotation sont de l'ordre de 90 à 100 tours par minute et les vitesses d'avancement varient de 7 à 12 m/h (la limite inférieure s'appliquant aux trous de tubage superficiels à diamètre plus large, et la limite supérieure aux trous profonds à petit diamètre dans la zone de production).  1, record 24, French, - trou%20de%20tubage

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tubage : Éléments tubulaires dont on revêt la paroi interne d'un trou de forage pour la maintenir. Le tubage est fixé par cimentation.  2, record 24, French, - trou%20de%20tubage

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 PHR

trou de tubage superficiel  1, record 24, French, - trou%20de%20tubage

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A phototube that is more sensitive than the corresponding high vacuum cell because of formation of ions by collision of the photoelectrons with the gas molecules.  4, record 25, English, - gas%2Dfilled%20phototube

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phototube utilisant l'effet de multiplication dans le gaz où l'ionisation par choc des molécules du gaz produite par les photoélectrons amplifie le rendement quantique et le photocourant.  3, record 25, French, - cellule%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The flow of carbon in living matter in which carbon dioxide is fixed by photosynthesis in green plants from organic nutrients and is ultimately returned to the inorganic state by respiration and decay.  3, record 26, English, - carbon%20cycle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The carbon cycle models the movement and storage of carbon in the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Carbon is stored in the biosphere as living organisms; in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas; in the lithosphere as soil organic matter, as fossil fuel deposits, and as sedimentary rock deposits; and in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide gas and as calcium carbonate shells in marine organisms. Processes that move carbon from one store to another include photosynthesis, respiration, oceanic diffusion, biomass combustion, fossil fuel burning, fossil fuel creation, and sedimentary rock formation.  4, record 26, English, - carbon%20cycle

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "Calvin cycle," which refers to the photosynthesis phase involving the incorporation of CO₂ into glucose by enzymatic reactions.  5, record 26, English, - carbon%20cycle

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suite des sites biologiques et des transformations et combinaisons dans lesquelles se trouvent engagé le carbone quand il circule à travers les différentes parties de la biosphère, de la lithosphère et de l'hydrosphère.  4, record 26, French, - cycle%20de%20carbone

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le cycle du carbone constitue le cycle biogéochimique princeps puisque le carbone constitue l'élément clef de toutes les substances biochimiques et le moteur de tous les autres cycles d'éléments biogènes.  5, record 26, French, - cycle%20de%20carbone

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Circulación del carbono a través de los ecosistemas. El carbono en forma de CO₂ es incorporado por las plantas verdes durante la fotosíntesis, pasando luego éstas a los herbívoros, carnívoros y saprófitos que cierran el ciclo, volviendo el CO₂ a la atmósfera.  2, record 26, Spanish, - ciclo%20del%20carbono

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ciclo del carbono. El carbono es elemento básico en la formación de las moléculas de carbohidratos, lípidos, proteínas y ácidos nucleicos, pues todas las moléculas orgánicas están formadas por cadenas de carbonos enlazados entre sí. La reserva fundamental de carbono, en moléculas de CO₂ que los seres vivos puedan asimilar, es la atmósfera y la hidrosfera. Este gas está en la atmósfera en una concentración de más del 0,03% y cada año aproximadamente un 5% de estas reservas de CO₂, se consumen en los procesos de fotosíntesis, es decir que todo el anhídrido carbónico se renueva en la atmósfera cada 20 años.  3, record 26, Spanish, - ciclo%20del%20carbono

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] el director del PUMA [...] dijo que es necesario enfatizar la importancia que tienen los océanos (ocupan el 70 por ciento de la superficie del planeta) en el ciclo del carbono, en la limpieza de la atmósfera, en la economía y en el desarrollo de los países.  4, record 26, Spanish, - ciclo%20del%20carbono

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Testing of materials, methods, or chemical processes on a small scale, such as on a laboratory worktable.  1, record 27, English, - bench%2Dscale%20testing

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The procedure which is carried out to establish the presence or absence of a substance in a sample may involve the observation of colour change, formation or disappearance of precipitate, gas or smell evolution or indication of an analytic instrument.  2, record 27, English, - bench%2Dscale%20testing

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il faut approfondir l'étude [...] de l'efficacité de l'extraction en installation pilote et à grande échelle [...]  2, record 27, French, - essai%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9chelle%20du%20laboratoire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system that permits engine heat to be diverted through the carburetor to melt any ice.  1, record 28, English, - carburetor%20heat

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A device using the exhaust gas of an engine to increase the temperature of the air entering the carburetor... to give the best air temperature for proper carburetion and to prevent the formation of ice in the carburetor venturi.  2, record 28, English, - carburetor%20heat

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puis on règle le mélange, le réchauffage de carburateur, les volets pour les conditions fixées pour le vol horizontal.  1, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9chauffage%20de%20carburateur

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Rappelons que certains moteurs (Continental Lycoming) sont particulièrement sensibles au givrage, après réduction des gaz, par suite d'un refroidissement trop actif. Il y a donc lieu d'en tenir compte en actionnant le réchauffage du carburateur avant de réduire les gaz.  2, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9chauffage%20de%20carburateur

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The splitting of atoms in the upper atmosphere through the bombardment of cosmic rays.  1, record 29, English, - spallation%20reaction

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This results in the formation of new, often unstable, isotopes. Spallation reactions occur in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays hit gas molecules and also at the surface of the earth by direct cosmic ray irradiation of atoms in solid geological materials.  1, record 29, English, - spallation%20reaction

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction nucléaire où les noyaux sont éclatés en particules.  2, record 29, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20spallation

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A dome-shaped formation of rock salt which has been forced upwards through overlying strata until it lies under a layer of impermeable caprock.  4, record 30, English, - salt%20dome

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Salt domes are now being converted to storage facilities for oil and natural gas, butane, propylene, and other hydrocarbon fuels.  5, record 30, English, - salt%20dome

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A salt dome results in lowered gravity because salt is less dense than other rocks.  6, record 30, English, - salt%20dome

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 CONT

These evaporites and turbidites are ideal environments for the formation of oil and gas deposits, which concentrate in the more porous sedimentary horizons and in structural traps like anticlines and salt domes...  7, record 30, English, - salt%20dome

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Variété de diapir correspondant à un bombement topographique en coupole, produit par la montée de matériaux plastiques, de type évaporitique.  2, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les dômes de sel [...] sont de vastes montées de masses salifères, indépendamment de contraintes tectoniques : en effet, ils sont en général situés dans des régions dont les terrains sont par ailleurs restés horizontaux [...]; [...] il semble que la montée de ces dômes de sel soit liée à la simple différence de densité entre le sel plus léger et les roches encaissantes [...]  3, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sur la «Gulf-Coast», le pétrole s'accumule souvent sur les flancs des dômes de sel, véritables piliers, d'un diamètre de 2 à 3 km, perçant verticalement des centaines de mètres d'épaisseur de terrains sédimentaires.  4, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] sous la pression des roches surincombantes les roches salines moins denses et très plastiques se frayent un chemin vers la surface en soulevant et en écartant les assises horizontales supérieures (dômes de sel), arrivant même à les perforer pour apparaître à l'air libre. [...] Les dômes de sel sont fréquents sur la côte du golfe du Mexique.  5, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Les pièges [à pétrole] les plus courants sont constitués par des anticlinaux, des dômes de sel en forme de champignon ou par des failles [...]  6, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dôme de sel : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  7, record 30, French, - d%C3%B4me%20de%20sel

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-3 is an Exploration Systems’ transition flight experiment in the Human System Research and Technology area. BCAT-3 provides a unique opportunity to explore fundamental physics and simultaneously develop important future technology, including computers operating on light, complex biomolecular pharmaceuticals, clean sources of geothermal power, and novel rocket engines for interplanetary travel. These studies depend entirely on the microgravity environment provided by the International Space Station (ISS); in all other locations accessible to science, gravity dominates and precludes investigation of any other effects of interest. The experiment itself [consists of] photographing samples of colloidal particles with a digital camera onboard the ISS. Colloids are tiny nanoscale spheres of plexiglass a thousand times smaller than the width of a human hair (submicron radius) that are suspended in a fluid. They are ubiquitous (e.g., milk, smoke, and paint) and therefore interesting to study directly. Colloids are also small enough that they behave much like atoms and so can be used to model all sorts of phenomena because their size, shape, and interactions can be controlled. The 10 samples in BCAT-3 are made from the same ingredients, each a recipe with different proportions, and are grouped into three experiments: critical point, binary alloy, and surface crystallization. [Text followed by an illustration of a BCAT-3 sample holder.]  4, record 31, English, - binary%20alloy%20colloidal%20test

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

BCAT-3 is comprised of three separate experiments, which are individually referred to as a binary alloy(BCAT-3-BA), surface crystallization(BCAT-3-SC) and critical point(BCAT-3-CP). The critical point investigation is continuing with additional samples on future ISS [International Space Station] expeditions and will be referred to as Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-4. BCAT-4 will consist of two sets of samples referred to as BCAT-3 and 4 : Critical Point(BCAT-3-4-CP) and BCAT-4 : Polydisperse(BCAT-4-Poly).... The Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-3(BCAT-3) hardware supported three investigations in which ISS crews photographed samples of colloidal particles(tiny nanoscale spheres suspended in liquid) to document liquid/gas phase changes, growth of binary crystals, and the formation of colloidal crystals confined to a surface. Colloids are small enough that in a microgravity environment without sedimentation and convection, they behave much as atoms and so can be used to model all sorts of phenomena because their size, shape, and interactions can be controlled. The BCAT-3 payload consists of ten small samples of colloid alloys in which the microscopic colloid particles are mixed together into a liquid. These ten samples are contained within a small case that is the size of a school textbook. At the start of an experiment run, all ten samples are shaken to completely remix the colloid samples, much in the same way that salad dressing must be shaken to remix oil and vinegar. After the samples are mixed, what remains is periodically photographed using a digital camera until the colloid and liquid components of those samples have separated or the polymers have formed crystals. The samples can be remixed to repeat the experiment. The ten samples in BCAT-3 were selected as part of three separate experiments examining different physical processes : critical point, binary alloys, and surface crystallization.  5, record 31, English, - binary%20alloy%20colloidal%20test

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contexte: recherches en microgravité sur les structures colloïdales; test avec alliages binaires (c'est-à-dire composés de deux éléments) mis à l'état colloïdal.  2, record 31, French, - test%20BACT

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

test BACT (croissance d'alliages binaires à partir de particules colloïdales en suspension) : il faut articuler le syntagme pour rendre compte de la réalité du texte où il est question de la croissance de cristaux binaires qui se développent à partir de particules colloïdales en suspension dans un liquide.  1, record 31, French, - test%20BACT

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of lifting oil from the bottom of a well to the surface by the use of compressed gas.  3, record 32, English, - gas%20lift

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many oil wells do not have a formation pressure high enough to push the oil... to the surface. In these cases, some artificial method for lifting the oil to the surface must be installed. [A] method, called gas lift, uses the buoyancy of a bubble of gas in the tubing to push the oil to the surface.  4, record 32, English, - gas%20lift

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The gas is pumped into the hole and at the lower end of the tubing it becomes a part of the fluid in the well. As the gas expands, it lifts the oil to the surface.  3, record 32, English, - gas%20lift

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé d'exploitation des puits de pétrole par injection de gaz provoquant l'allégement par émulsion de la colonne d'huile.  5, record 32, French, - ascension%20par%20pouss%C3%A9e%20de%20gaz

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la plupart des puits ne sont pas jaillissants et on doit avoir recours à un procédé d'extraction artificielle : pompage, ascension par poussée de gaz, etc.  1, record 32, French, - ascension%20par%20pouss%C3%A9e%20de%20gaz

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Extraction de pétrole par injection de gaz.  4, record 32, French, - ascension%20par%20pouss%C3%A9e%20de%20gaz

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

allègement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  6, record 32, French, - ascension%20par%20pouss%C3%A9e%20de%20gaz

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principal zone of dry gas formation.  2, record 33, English, - overmature%20zone

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vitrinite reflectance shows that coals of the deep foreland basin had reached anthracite rank. Huge volumes of gas would have been generated and expelled from this overmature zone.  3, record 33, English, - overmature%20zone

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

overmature zone: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 33, English, - overmature%20zone

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

zone de maturité avancée : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  2, record 33, French, - zone%20de%20maturit%C3%A9%20avanc%C3%A9e

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... experimental data needed to model these processes... as they occur in the combustion of U. S. coals, are either fragmented or generally lacking. Gas formation during pyrolysis can often be related to the thermal decomposition of bridge material and specific functional groups in the coal and can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by models employing first-order reactions with ultimate yields.  2, record 34, English, - bridge

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Advances in coal Spectrometry, 1967, US Bureau of Mines.  3, record 34, English, - bridge

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pontage : Accumulation de matériaux dans un sondage, qui empêche l'accès au fond.  2, record 34, French, - formant%20pontage

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Water which, after having been in contact with petroleum products, is recovered during the refining process. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  2, record 35, English, - process%20water

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Process water, includes seawater(and occasionally freshwater) and produced water. Seawater is injected into a formation to pressurize the reservoir and force the oil toward the oil production wells. Gelled water is seawater and freshwater that is mixed with a gelling substance to increase the viscosity of the fluid for a number of purposes. Seawater is also used to maintain the existing wells or to detect leaks in pipelines. Produced water is the water mixture consisting of oil, gas, and sand that is pumped from oil production wells. The percentage of crude oil occurring in process water can vary somewhat based on the source of the spill.  3, record 35, English, - process%20water

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Complete purification plant for the treatment of oily and process water.  4, record 35, English, - process%20water

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

process water: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 35, English, - process%20water

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eau qui, dans une raffinerie de pétrole, a été recueillie au cours de la fabrication des produits après avoir été en contact avec ceux-ci. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  6, record 35, French, - eau%20de%20proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement d'eaux phénolées de procédé [...] Au premier plan, les bassins d'épuration biologique.  4, record 35, French, - eau%20de%20proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

eau de traitement; eau de procédé : termes normalisés par l'ISO.  7, record 35, French, - eau%20de%20proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system design that separates the combustion process over more than one discrete chamber.  2, record 36, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alternatives for nitrogen oxide control are boiler operation changes, combustion equipment modifications to reduce NO_x formation, and flue gas treatment.... In the U. S. and Canada, combustion modification(CM) is the most common method of NOx reduction. NOx can be reduced by injecting the combustion air in two stages, normally by reducing air flow to the burner and injecting the remainder through "overfire" air ports in the side of the boiler. Low-NOx burners that accomplish staged conditions within the burner flame have also been developed. Staged combustion... reduces emission by 15-25%.  3, record 36, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This approach increases residence time for more complete combustion and lower ash carry-over.  2, record 36, English, - staged%20combustion

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de chauffage où le combustible est brûlé complètement en plusieurs étapes en commençant par ses matières volatiles.  3, record 36, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Polluants, émis par les unités thermiques.] L'azote étant toujours présent dans le comburant et souvent dans le combustible, il est impossible d'empêcher leur apparition [aux oxydes d'azote]. Tout au plus peut-on limiter leur formation par des artifices tels que : - abaissement de l'excès d'air; - combustion «étagée» avec une première phase se déroulant en milieu riche [...]  4, record 36, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where air, gas or foam is used in the circulatory system... the blow out prevention system and casing program shall be designed to contain the maximum formation pressure that may be encountered.  2, record 37, English, - casing%20program

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Petroleum Engineer (International), 1981, Sept., p. 51.  3, record 37, English, - casing%20program

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque le forage se fait à l'air, au gaz inerte ou à la mousse [...] le bloc d'obturation et le programme de tubage doivent être conçus pour résister à la pression de gisement maximale possible.  2, record 37, French, - programme%20de%20tubage

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fluid(such as gas, oil, or water) that exists in a subsurface rock formation.  2, record 38, English, - formation%20fluid

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Formation fluids ... flow into the wellbore through these holes, or perforations.  3, record 38, English, - formation%20fluid

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le circuit de fluide de forage, y compris le fluide de forage, le système de circulation et l'équipement de surveillance et d'entretien connexe utilisés au cours des travaux de forage est sélectionné de manière à empêcher l'entrée intempestive des fluides de formation dans le trou de sonde [...]  2, record 38, French, - fluide%20de%20formation

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The unproduced but recoverable oil or gas in place in a formation that has been proved by production.  2, record 39, English, - reserves

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With reference to the amount of oil or gas in a field or reservoir there are three ways in which reserves may be be expressed. Proven reserves are assessed from reliable geological and well engineering data. Probable reserves are undeveloped reserves that are considered to be recoverable, by secondary recovery methods if necessary. Possible reserves may be recoverable from untested formations, for example, by drilling deeper.  3, record 39, English, - reserves

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

reserves: term rarely used in the singular (reserve).  4, record 39, English, - reserves

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantités d'hydrocarbures récupérables dans un gisement.  2, record 39, French, - r%C3%A9serves

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour les gisements identifiés, les réserves correspondent, à une date donnée, aux quantités d'hydrocarbures restant à produire.  2, record 39, French, - r%C3%A9serves

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réserves : terme rarement utilisé au singulier (réserve).  3, record 39, French, - r%C3%A9serves

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de mineral o de petróleo que puede ser beneficiada en un yacimiento.  1, record 39, Spanish, - reserva

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance, especially water or other gas, which, when present in solution in magmas, lowers the liquid's temperature and the viscosity, aids crystallization, and permits the formation of minerals containing it.  3, record 40, English, - mineralizer

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot aqueous solutions have played a part in the formation of many different types of ore deposit ... Such fluids are ... called hydrothermal solutions. Many lines of evidence attest to their important role as mineralizers.  4, record 40, English, - mineralizer

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A hydrothermal fluid is presumed to be formed by the concentration of ... a mineralizer.  3, record 40, English, - mineralizer

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance, généralement de l'eau ou un gaz, qui, en présence d'un magma, abaisse la température du liquide et la viscosité, favorise la cristallisation et permet la formation de minéraux d'intérêt économique.  5, record 40, French, - min%C3%A9ralisateur

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le plus souvent [les plutonites sont formées] par consolidation d'un magma liquide avec ou sans différenciation, et avec intervention de «minéralisateurs» à l'état de vapeur : eau, fluor, bore, chlore et leurs composés. On appelle «minéralisateurs» les corps qui favorisent ainsi la formation des minéraux.  6, record 40, French, - min%C3%A9ralisateur

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les minéralisateurs, éléments tels que le chlore, le fluor, le bore, le soufre, le phosphore, dont les combinaisons métalliques très solubles et à tension de vapeur élevée peuvent persister longtemps à l'état fluide avant de cristalliser.  7, record 40, French, - min%C3%A9ralisateur

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'eau joue le rôle essentiel comme minéralisateur, solvant, agent de transport d'éléments et de chaleur.  4, record 40, French, - min%C3%A9ralisateur

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 4 CONT

[...] dans les roches sédimentaires, les eaux météoriques peuvent pénétrer à de grandes profondeurs [...] et elles peuvent contenir en solution une grande quantité de sels. Elles peuvent donc [...] être le vecteur de minéralisation [...]  4, record 40, French, - min%C3%A9ralisateur

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] vapores, gases y sustancias volátiles que provocan la formación de minerales en la corteza terrestre; los compuestos de [...] índole [mineralizadora] más comunes son a base de flúor, cloro, boro y azufre.  1, record 40, Spanish, - mineralizador

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A chlorinating roasting process may involve the formation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans in the exhaust gas, the roasting residue and/or the slag, depending on the operating conditions and on the nature and extent of organic substances.  2, record 41, English, - roasting%20residue

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the best studied radio galaxies, this image is composed of a very smooth cigar-shaped emission region closely aligned with the radio axis, upon which is superimposed a string of bright knots that might be stars or dust. This suggests that a jet of high speed gas, presumably ejected from a black hole at the core of the galaxy, might be triggering star formation along its path.  2, record 42, English, - radio%20axis

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To drill a well deeper.  2, record 43, English, - deepen

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Deepening is generally a workover operation carried out with the view of producing a deeper formation or to control excessive gas found in the upper levels of a reservoir.  2, record 43, English, - deepen

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Creuser pour rendre plus profond.  2, record 43, French, - approfondir

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Approfondir un trou de forage.  3, record 43, French, - approfondir