TERMIUM Plus^®

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The natural resource sector covers both primary industries and resource-based manufacturing industries. We include in the natural resource sector the following industries : forestry, logging; fishing and hunting and trapping; mining and oil and gas extraction; electrical power generation, transmission and distribution; natural gas distribution; seafood; wood products; paper manufacturing; non-metallic mineral products; primary metals; and fabricated metal products.  2, record 1, English, - natural%20resource%20sector

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Le secteur des ressources naturelles comprend tant les industries primaires que les industries manufacturières axées sur les ressources naturelles. Nous incluons dans le secteur des ressources naturelles les industries suivantes : foresterie, exploitation forestière; pêche, chasse et piégeage; extraction minière et extraction de pétrole et de gaz; production, transmission et distribution d'électricité; distribution de gaz naturel; fruits de mer; produits du bois; fabrication de papier; produits minéraux non métalliques; métaux de première transformation; fabrication de produits métalliques.  2, record 1, French, - secteur%20des%20ressources%20naturelles

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The limestone matrix is a dense mudstone-wackestone with no porosity. Fenestrae develop as a result of desiccation and gas generation and provide a high local porosity in thin discontinuous horizons.  1, record 2, English, - fenestra

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fenestrae: plural form.  2, record 2, English, - fenestra

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While Detroit struggles to shed weight from its models to produce a new generation of downsized little gas savers, most of Europe's car makers are continuing to upsize.  2, record 3, English, - upsize

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d'un véhicule.  1, record 3, French, - augmenter%20la%20taille

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An "enhanced combined cycle system" is a type of combined cycle system in which thermal waste from one or more natural gas compressor systems is recovered and used to contribute at least 20 per cent of the energy input of a combined cycle process in order to enhance the generation of electricity.  2, record 4, English, - enhanced%20combined%20cycle%20system

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Un «système à cycle combiné amélioré» est un type de système à cycles combinés dans lequel les déchets thermiques d'un ou de plusieurs systèmes de compresseur de gaz naturel sont récupérés et utilisés de façon à constituer au moins 20 % de l'apport énergétique d'un procédé à cycles combinés en vue d'améliorer la production d'électricité.  2, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20cycles%20combin%C3%A9s%20am%C3%A9lior%C3%A9

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[The] energy sector... is typically considered to be composed of six sub-industries : oil and gas extraction, coal mining, electric power generation, transmission and distribution, petroleum and coal products manufacturing and pipeline transportation.  2, record 5, English, - energy%20sector

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[Le] secteur de l'énergie [est] composé de six industries, soit celles de l'extraction de pétrole et de gaz, l'extraction de charbon, la production, le transport et la distribution d'électricité, la fabrication de produits du pétrole et du charbon et le transport par pipeline.  3, record 5, French, - secteur%20de%20l%27%C3%A9nergie

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El sector energético de una nación se refiere al sector de actividades primarias, secundarias y terciarias destinadas a la producción, transporte, innovación, manejo y venta de los productos energéticos del país.  1, record 5, Spanish, - sector%20energ%C3%A9tico

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Clean electricity is produced from non-greenhouse gas emitting energy sources. In Canada, the majority of clean electricity generation in the provinces and territories comes from hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power generation.  2, record 6, English, - clean%20electricity

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L'électricité propre est produite à partir de sources d'énergie qui n'émettent pas de gaz à effet de serre. Au Canada, la plus grande partie de la production d'électricité propre dans les provinces et les territoires provient de la production d'énergie hydroélectrique, nucléaire, éolienne et solaire.  2, record 6, French, - %C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9%20propre

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Hydrogen produced via the electrolysis of water in which the electricity used in the process is derived from renewable sources.  2, record 7, English, - green%20hydrogen

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There are different techniques for producing hydrogen. Depending on the process, the hydrogen obtained may be labelled as black, grey, blue, green, etc.... Currently, 95% of the hydrogen consumed worldwide is produced from natural gas or coal.... Green hydrogen can be produced by "water electrolysis, "whereby an electric current is passed through water to break down its molecules... and extract hydrogen. In addition, if the current comes from a renewable energy source(hydroelectricity, wind or solar power), all elements of the generation cycle are low-carbon.  3, record 7, English, - green%20hydrogen

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L'hydrogène peut être produit par «électrolyse de l'eau» : ce procédé consiste à faire passer un courant électrique dans l'eau pour décomposer ses molécules [...] et en extraire l'hydrogène. Si, en plus, le courant utilisé provient d'une source d'énergie renouvelable (hydroélectricité, énergie éolienne ou solaire), tous les éléments du cycle de production sont à faible empreinte carbone. L'hydrogène produit porte l'appellation d'hydrogène vert.  1, record 7, French, - hydrog%C3%A8ne%20vert

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El hidrógeno verde se produce a partir de agua y energías renovables.  1, record 7, Spanish, - hidr%C3%B3geno%20verde

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Projections of likely future atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are very uncertain, partly because their generation, circulation and destruction in the atmosphere are not well understood, partly because the way man will disturb these natural cycles in the future cannot be foreseen very well.  2, record 8, English, - atmospheric%20greenhouse%20gas

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Quantité de gaz à effet de serre déjà émise et présente dans l'atmosphère par opposition aux quantités qui pourraient être rejetées dans l'avenir.  2, record 8, French, - gaz%20%C3%A0%20effet%20de%20serre%20dans%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

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... ensure that the gas goes to those end uses that reduce [greenhouse gas] emissions by, for example, displacing coal-fired electricity generation.  3, record 9, English, - coal%2Dfired%20electricity%20generation

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[...] faire en sorte que le gaz serve à des utilisations finales qui réduisent les émissions de [gaz à effet de serre], en remplaçant, par exemple, la production d'électricité à partir de charbon.  2, record 9, French, - production%20d%27%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20partir%20de%20charbon

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APPrO is a non-profit organization representing more than 100 companies involved in the generation of electricity in Ontario, including generators and suppliers of services, equipment and consulting services. APPrO members produce power from co-generation, hydro-electric, gas, coal, nuclear, wind energy, waste wood and other sources. APPrO focuses 100% on the business issues of power producers in Ontario.  3, record 10, English, - Association%20of%20Power%20Producers%20of%20Ontario

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APPrO’s mission is "To promote the interests of electricity generators within a truly open and competitive power industry in Ontario."  3, record 10, English, - Association%20of%20Power%20Producers%20of%20Ontario

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An air pollution control device that removes particulates out of air or gas released from commercial processes or combustion for electricity generation.  2, record 11, English, - baghouse

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baghouse: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  5, record 11, English, - baghouse

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Dépoussiéreur à couche poreuse en forme de tubes cylindriques ou manches de tissu (toile tissée, feutre) suspendus habituellement à la verticale et aux travers desquels on fait passer le gaz pour le débarrasser des poussières qu'il contient.  5, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9poussi%C3%A9reur%20%C3%A0%20manches

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dépoussiéreur à manches : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir et de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  6, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9poussi%C3%A9reur%20%C3%A0%20manches

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A device releasing cartridge energy to perform a controlled system or work function.  3, record 12, English, - cartridge%20actuated%20device

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Cartridge actuated devices(CADs) and propellant actuated devices(PADs) are manufactured components that use explosive and propellant mixtures to perform a variety of specialized work functions. Defense and commercial functions include the ejection of aircrews from aircraft in emergency situations; separation of satellites from launch vehicles; cutting cables to deploy parachutes; and the generation of gas to inflate automotive airbags.  3, record 12, English, - cartridge%20actuated%20device

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cartridge actuated device; CAD: term and abbreviation officially approved by the Joint Terminology Panel, the Ammunition and Explosives Terminology Panel and the Defence Terminology Standardization Board.  4, record 12, English, - cartridge%20actuated%20device

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actionneur pyrotechnique; CAD : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie interarmées, le Groupe d'experts en terminologie des explosifs et munitions et le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  4, record 12, French, - actionneur%20pyrotechnique

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If air is used for the carbon(coal)-oxygen reaction, a low-calorific value gas is obtained... because the product gas is diluted by the nitrogen from the air used. It is not economical to send this grade of gas by pipeline... and thus it must be used at its source. It is of value for power generation and for industrial applications.  1, record 13, English, - low%2Dcalorific%20value%20gas

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Manufactured gas with value of 100 to 200 British thermal units per cubic foot.  5, record 13, English, - low%2Dcalorific%20value%20gas

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Un gaz à bas pouvoir calorifique (obtenu par réaction de l'air et de la vapeur) [...] doit trouver une utilisation sur le site (l'exemple typique étant celui d'une centrale électrique) car son transport [...] devient vite prohibitif par suite de la présence d'un important ballast d'azote [...] et de gaz carbonique.  1, record 13, French, - gaz%20%C3%A0%20bas%20pouvoir%20calorifique

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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The prime line of development is the respirator equipment. This line of work began with the respiratory monitoring system,(RMS), at ESA's Anthorack facility. This system used conventional mass spectrometer for analysis of inhaled and exhaled gasses. With the second generation equipment, the respirator monitoring system II(RMS II) the analyzer was changed to the photo acoustics multi gas analyzer. The third generation equipment called the advanced respirator.  2, record 14, English, - Anthorack

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The European Space Agency life science facilities are described. These include the sled facility, the Biorack and the Anthorack facilities.  3, record 14, English, - Anthorack

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[...] l'ensemble d'instruments de recherche Anthorack, spécialisé dans la physiologie humaine et réalisé sous la maîtrise d'œuvre du groupe français Aérospatiale. Anthorack servira à faire le bilan général des réactions de l'organisme humain en apesanteur en permettant notamment des mesures respiratoires, cardio-vasculaires et hormonales de plusieurs membres de l'équipage à intervalles réguliers pendant les neuf jours de la mission.  3, record 14, French, - Anthorack

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Spacelab (de la grosseur d'un autobus), est un laboratoire spatial qui sera un complément à la Station spatiale. Il contient le laboratoire Anthorack.  4, record 14, French, - Anthorack

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Anthorack : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).  4, record 14, French, - Anthorack

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Almost all of the emission changes over the long term are attributable to six major areas : the fossil fuel(coal, oil and gas) industries, transport, electricity generation, manufacturing, commercial/institutional and agriculture.  1, record 15, English, - fossil%20fuel%20industry

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Presque tous les changements à long terme survenus dans les émissions concernent six grands domaines : les industries des combustibles fossiles (charbon, pétrole et gaz), le transport, la production d’électricité, le secteur manufacturier, le secteur commercial/institutionnel et l’agriculture.  1, record 15, French, - industrie%20des%20combustibles%20fossiles

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Waste composition is probably the most important factor affecting landfill gas generation rates and quantities. The amount of landfill gas produced is dependent on the amount of organic matter landfilled. The rate at which gas is generated is dependent on the distribution and type of organic matter in the landfill.  1, record 16, English, - waste%20composition

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La composition des déchets est incontestablement le facteur le plus important qui influe sur les taux et les quantités de gaz d'enfouissement émis. Le volume de gaz d'enfouissement émis dépend du volume de matières organiques enfouies dans le sol. Le rythme auquel le gaz est émis dépend de la distribution et du type de matière organique dans le site d'enfouissement.  1, record 16, French, - composition%20des%20d%C3%A9chets

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... Campus Climate Solutions was established... to meet the following objectives : train the next generation of greenhouse gas professionals by providing accessible and affordable greenhouse gas accounting training to students.  1, record 17, English, - greenhouse%20gas%20professional

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The next generation thermonuclear fusion machine ITER comprises large cryogenic pumping systems to process very high gas throughputs.  1, record 18, English, - thermonuclear%20fusion%20machine

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D'autres types de dispositifs nucléaires mettent en jeu des réactions nucléaires : les machines à fusion thermonucléaire (par confinement magnétique et inertiel) dans lesquelles on fait interagir des éléments légers) [...]  2, record 18, French, - machine%20%C3%A0%20fusion%20thermonucl%C3%A9aire

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Accelerator-Based Irradiation Creep of Pyrolytic Carbon Used in TRISO Fuel Particles for the VHTR [very high temperature reactor]. Pyrolytic carbon(PyC) is used as one of the structural materials for the TRISO fuel particles in the next generation of gas cooled Very-High-Temperature Reactors(VHTR). Creep of pyrocarbon layers in the TRISO particles under irradiation can be significantly anisotropic via carbon atom displacements despite the original isotropic nature of the PyC film.  1, record 19, English, - irradiation%20creep

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Les contraintes de tension dans les couches de pyrocarbone sont générées par un chargement de type «déformation imposée» et sont de ce fait partiellement relaxées par l'effet du fluage d'irradiation. Cette relaxation limite le niveau de contrainte dans les couches de pyrocarbone, évitant ainsi leur rupture prématurée en début d'irradiation.  1, record 19, French, - fluage%20d%27irradiation

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The regulations will mandate reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the following industrial sectors : electricity generation produced by combustion, oil and gas(including upstream oil and gas, downstream petroleum, oil sands, and natural gas pipelines), forest products(including pulp and paper and wood products), smelting and refining(including aluminum, alumina, and base metal smelting), iron and steel, iron ore pelletizing, potash, cement, lime, and chemicals production, including fertilizers.  1, record 20, English, - Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20Industrial%20Air%20Emissions

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Les règlements prescriront une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de polluants atmosphériques dans divers secteurs industriels : la production d'électricité à base de combustibles, de mazout brut et de gaz (y compris l'industrie pétrolière et gazière en amont, l'industrie pétrolière en aval, les sables bitumineux et les gazoducs), les produits forestiers (y compris les pâtes et papiers et les produits du bois), la fonte et l'affinage (y compris l'aluminium, l'alumine et la fonte des métaux communs), le fer et l'acier, le boulettage de minerai de fer, la potasse, le ciment, la chaux et la fabrication de produits chimiques, y compris les engrais.  1, record 20, French, - Cadre%20r%C3%A9glementaire%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20atmosph%C3%A9riques%20pour%20les%20secteurs%20industriels

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The MHD(magnetohydrodynamic) generator... transforms thermal energy or kinetic energy directly into electricity. MHD generators are different from traditional electric generators in that they can operate at high temperatures without moving parts. MHD was eagerly developed because the exhaust of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, still able to heat the boilers of a steam power plant. So high-temperature MHD was developed as a topping cycle to increase the efficiency of electric generation, especially when burning coal or natural gas. It has also been applied to pump liquid metals and for quiet submarine engines.  1, record 21, English, - magnetohydrodynamic%20generator

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Un générateur MHD (magnétohydrodynamique) est un convertisseur MHD qui transforme l'énergie cinétique d'un fluide conducteur directement en électricité. Le principe de base est fondamentalement le même que pour n'importe quel générateur électrique. Les deux types de générateur utilisent tous deux un inducteur (électroaimant) générant un champ magnétique dans un induit.  2, record 21, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20magn%C3%A9tohydrodynamique

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A system for the generation and distribution of electricity, independent of the main system, in which the electricity is generated by one or more generating units driven by fossil fuel, gas turbines or wind power.  1, record 22, English, - autonomous%20electrical%20system

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Réseau de production et de distribution d'électricité détaché du réseau principal, où l'électricité est produite par un ou plusieurs groupes électrogènes fonctionnant au moyen de combustibles fossiles, de turbines à gaz ou d'éoliennes.  2, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20%C3%A9lectrique%20autonome

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[CANMET-MTL’s] Infrastructure Reliability program provides research and consulting services to industry, with emphasis on pipelines, pressure vessels and power generation equipment.  2, record 23, English, - Infrastucture%20Reliability%20Program

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The overall program objectives are : to improve the reliability for service of Canadian oil and gas pipelines, marine offshore structures and ships, pressure vessels and power generation plants, thereby ensuring public safety and environmental protection; to enhance the economic position, security of supply and deliverability of Canadian energy resources; to maximize benefits to the economy from fabrication and service of steel structures.  3, record 23, English, - Infrastucture%20Reliability%20Program

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CANMET-MTL: Materials Technology Laboratory - Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology.  4, record 23, English, - Infrastucture%20Reliability%20Program

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Le Programme de fiabilité de l'infrastructure [du LTM-CANMET] offre des services de recherche et de consultation à l'industrie portant surtout sur les pipelines, les récipients sous pression et l'équipement de production d'énergie.  2, record 23, French, - Programme%20de%20la%20fiabilit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27infrastructure

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Principaux objectifs du programme: améliorer la fiabilité en service des oléoducs et des gazoducs canadiens, des constructions marines extracôtières et des navires, des récipients sous pression et des centrales électriques, assurant ainsi la sécurité du public et la protection de l'environnement; améliorer le statut économique, la sécurité de l'approvisionnement et la productivité des ressources énergétiques canadiennes; maximiser les avantages économiques de la fabrication et de l'utilisation de structures d'acier.  1, record 23, French, - Programme%20de%20la%20fiabilit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27infrastructure

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

LTM-CANMET: Laboratoire de la technologie des matériaux - Centre canadien de la technologie des minéraux et de l'énergie.  3, record 23, French, - Programme%20de%20la%20fiabilit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27infrastructure

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Record 24,  Textual support,  English

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[Some proposed] gas-fired electric generation plants in the Pacific Northwest, the Southwest region and Mexico [are expected to] consume approximately 1865 mmcf/d, which surpasses California's receipt capacity. Likewise, upstream demand for natural gas in Nevada and Arizona is increasing, which will eventually consume existing pipeline supply capacity that is currently being channeled to California.  3, record 24, English, - supply%20capacity

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... the use of natural gas for base load facilities, combined with other heating and transportation uses, and insufficient pipeline supply capacity might result in over-dependence and lack of fuel diversity ...  4, record 24, English, - supply%20capacity

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La capacité des gazoducs entre la côte du Pacifique et le reste de l'Amérique du Nord étant presque à son maximum, la hausse des prix dans le Pacifique ne pouvait pas être freinée par un approvisionnement supplémentaire provenant de l'est. [...] À la lumière de tous les facteurs susmentionnés, les prix du gaz au cours de la prochaine année seront principalement déterminés par la température, et dans une moindre mesure, par la capacité d'approvisionnement et les volumes d'entreposage.  1, record 24, French, - capacit%C3%A9

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Capacité d'approvisionnement d'un pipeline, d'un gazoduc.  2, record 24, French, - capacit%C3%A9

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Record 25,  Textual support,  English

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A sensor that detects and measures hydrogen when it is present in a gaseous system.  1, record 25, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

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Hydrogen is an odourless, colourless, highly flammable and potentially explosive gas.... The advent of a hydrogen economy will require a hydrogen sensor in every hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle [and in every home using] a hydrogen fuel cell for power generation....  1, record 25, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

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Although several types of hydrogen monitors and detectors have been developed, many of them are useful at only low hydrogen concentrations (typically 3-4%) or have low sensitivity or slow response times. Additionally, some of these sensors require a supply of pure hydrogen as a standard reference or only operate at elevated temperatures.  1, record 25, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capteur qui détecte la présence d'hydrogène dans un mélange gazeux et en mesure la concentration.  1, record 25, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'hydrogène est un gaz inodore, incolore, très inflammable et même explosif. [...] Dans une économie de l'hydrogène, chaque véhicule alimenté par une pile à hydrogène devra avoir son capteur. Il en ira de même pour les domiciles qui utilisent une pile à hydrogène pour produire de l'électricité [...].  1, record 25, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plusieurs types [...] de détecteurs d'hydrogène ont déjà été mis au point, mais bon nombre d'entre eux ne permettent de détecter que de faibles concentrations d'hydrogène (habituellement de 3 à 4 %) ou ont une faible sensibilité ou de longs temps de réaction. De plus, certains de ces capteurs exigent une alimentation en hydrogène pur comme gaz étalon ou ne fonctionnent qu'à des températures élevées.  1, record 25, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Capture : In this process, CO₂ is first captured from a suitable industrial source, such as an "off" gas stream at a petrochemical processing facility or a "flue" gas stream from a coal-fired electricity generation facility. The CO₂-bearing gas stream is then treated, as required, to render it appropriate, in terms of purity, pressure and temperature, to the anticipated mode of transportation and/or intended geological storage site.  1, record 26, English, - geological%20storage%20site

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Captage : Dans ce procédé, on capte d'abord le CO₂ rejeté par une source industrielle, comme les effluents gazeux d'une installation de traitement pétrochimique ou les gaz de cheminée rejetés par une centrale électrique alimentée au charbon. Au besoin, on fait ensuite subir au mélange gazeux renfermant le CO₂ un traitement destiné à le rendre, en termes de pureté, de pression et de température, approprié au mode de transport et au site de stockage géologique prévus.  1, record 26, French, - site%20de%20stockage%20geologique

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A power generation system that is based on a combination of a small gas turbine and a directly driven high-speed generator.  1, record 27, English, - microturbine

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Based on the gas turbine engine developed in 1938 in England, a micro-turbine utilizes very high internal combustion pressures to rotate a power output shaft. Rotation and torque of a power output shaft is transferred, in the case of a micro-turbine generator, to an alternating current electrical generator.  3, record 27, English, - microturbine

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The electricity created by the high-speed generator is converted into useful voltage and frequency by a power converter that is also part of the system. The microturbine uses a combustor that can run on various fuels such as natural gas, diesel, ethanol, and biogas.  1, record 27, English, - microturbine

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un nouveau microcogénérateur à gaz naturel et un système automatisé de contrôle d'immeuble, ont conduit à l'amélioration du processus d'identification et de résolution des problèmes relatifs aux systèmes. Il s'agit de la première installation au Canada d'une micro-turbine servant à fournir de l'électricité et de la chaleur résiduelle à un immeuble.  1, record 27, French, - microturbine

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The electrical power generation using the combination of gas turbogenerators and steam turbogenerators.  2, record 28, English, - combined%20cycle%20power%20generation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The flue gas from the gas turbogenerator’s exhaust is used to produce steam to drive the steam turbogenerators.  2, record 28, English, - combined%20cycle%20power%20generation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A combined cycle process combines two different power cycles in such a manner that the combined cycle operates over a larger temperature range than does either of the individual cycles. This produces a higher overall thermal efficiency. There are two basic categories of combined cycles: recuperative and high-efficiency ...  3, record 28, English, - combined%20cycle%20power%20generation

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Production d'électricité faisant appel à la fois à des turbines à combustion et à la production thermique.  1, record 28, French, - production%20d%27%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9%20par%20cycle%20combin%C3%A9

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of energy available to the final consumer, plus conversion losses and energy used by the energy supply industries themselves.  1, record 29, English, - primary%20energy%20consumption

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conversion losses are losses in the processing of refined petroleum products, for example, or losses due to thermal and mechanical inefficiencies resulting from the conversion of fossil fuels-coal, oil and natural gas-into electricity in thermal power generation.  1, record 29, English, - primary%20energy%20consumption

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'énergie dont dispose le consommateur final, augmentée des pertes en cours de conversion et des quantités utilisées par l'industrie de l'approvisionnement en électricité elle-même.  1, record 29, French, - consommation%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20primaire

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les pertes en cours de conversion sont les pertes subies au cours du traitement des produits pétroliers, par exemple, ou les pertes attribuables à un manque d'efficacité des processus thermiques et mécaniques qui interviennent dans la conversion des combustibles fossiles- charbon, pétrole et gaz naturel- en électricité.  1, record 29, French, - consommation%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20primaire

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Iran possesses a large chemical weapon(CW) arsenal consisting primarily of first generation(World War I era) agents, and it is believed to have a nerve gas research and development program...  1, record 30, English, - chemical%20weapon%20arsenal

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme certains pays continuent de chercher à se doter d'un arsenal d'armes chimiques et (ou) biologiques offensives, les pays comme le Canada doivent continuer de se préoccuper de l'utilisation clandestine possible des produits et de la technologie pouvant servir à la production de ces armes.  1, record 30, French, - arsenal%20d%27armes%20chimiques

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The change which would occur once all the lags in the climate system have worked through the system, which may take decades or centuries.  2, record 31, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Second generation of General Circulation. ] With these models, researchers were able to explore what they called equilibrium climate change, that is, the changes in climate that would result after the climate system had stabilized in response to a given change-usually a doubling-in greenhouse gas concentrations.  3, record 31, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

equilibrium climate: The climate as determined from a general circulation model, when the model has been run under a specified set of boundary conditions to reach an equilibrium (or quasi-equilibrium) state.  4, record 31, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vers la fin des années 1980, [...] les progrès des techniques de modélisation, de la compréhension des processus climatiques et de la puissance des ordinateurs ont permis d'élaborer une deuxième génération de MCG [Modèle de circulation générale]. [...] Les chercheurs ont alors pu explorer ce qu'ils appelaient le changement climatique à l'équilibre, autrement dit les nouvelles conditions climatiques qui régneraient une fois que le système se serait stabilisé en réponse à un changement donné des concentrations de gaz à effet de serre - en général un doublement.  2, record 31, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour les deux scénarios de changement climatique à l'équilibre, le rendement diminue dans le haut Veldt (Karoi) et la région semi-aride (Beit Bridge), mais il augmente dans les zones médianes (Gweru et Masvingo).  3, record 31, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

climat à l'équilibre : État climatique déterminé par un modèle de circulation générale, lorsqu'on fait fonctionner ce dernier avec un certain ensemble de conditions aux limites jusqu'à l'obtention d'un état d'équilibre (ou quasi-équilibre).  4, record 31, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clima equilibrado : Clima que resulta de un modelo de la circulación general si éste ha sido elaborado bajo un conjunto de condiciones límites para conseguir un estado equilibrado (o casi equilibrado).  2, record 31, Spanish, - cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%20de%20equilibrio

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In [a] statement made on Tuesday by Southern California Gas, the company said that they would add about 200 mmcfd of pipeline [to] their existing system by the end of the year in order to meet the growing demand for gas-fired generation. This latest proposal by SCG, called the Kramer Junction Interconnect, would be a 32-mile pipeline linked to the Kern-Mojave pipeline system.  2, record 32, English, - Kramer%20Junction%20interconnect

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réseau interconnecté : Deux réseaux individuels de transport d'énergie ou plus interconnectés au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs lignes de jonction.  2, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20interconnect%C3%A9%20de%20Kramer%20Junction

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In [a] statement made on Tuesday by Southern California Gas, the company said that they would add about 200 mmcfd of pipeline [to] their existing system by the end of the year in order to meet the growing demand for gas-fired generation. This latest proposal by SCG, called the Kramer Junction Interconnect, would be a 32-mile pipeline linked to the Kern-Mojave pipeline system.  3, record 33, English, - interconnected%20gas%20transmission%20system

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Deux réseaux individuels de transport d'énergie ou plus interconnectés au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs lignes de jonction.  2, record 33, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20interconnect%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

California's natural gas infrastructure is designed to satisfy peak demand requirements by drawing on supplemental gas supplies from storage facilities. These facilities provide a balance between supply and demand for peak summer power generation needs. Table 10 details California's natural gas storage facilities, including withdrawal capacity.  2, record 34, English, - withdrawal%20capacity

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... a total withdrawal capacity of 600 million cubic feet of gas per day.  1, record 34, English, - withdrawal%20capacity

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gaz de France a mis en service son premier stockage souterrain en nappe aquifère dès 1956, à Beynes dans les Yvelines. Neuf autres stockages de ce type ont été, depuis, qualifiés, étudiés et construits par l'Entreprise, dont le dernier en date à Céré-la-Ronde en Indre et Loire, en service depuis 1993, et situé à proximité de Chémery, deuxième stockage [...] au monde avec une capacité de soutirage de plus de 3,5 milliards de mètres cubes.  1, record 34, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20de%20soutirage

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other effects that may occur during the reaction(besides ion displacement and movement to the electrodes) are ion exchange, development of pH gradients, electrolysis, gas generation, oxidation and reduction reactions, and heat generation.  1, record 35, English, - gas%20generation

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant la réaction, en plus du déplacement d'ions et de leur mouvement respectif aux deux électrodes, les effets suivants peuvent être observés : échange ionique, développement d'un gradient de pH, électrolyse, production de gaz, réactions d'oxydation et de réduction ou migration ionique.  1, record 35, French, - production%20de%20gaz

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other effects that may occur during the reaction(besides ion displacement and movement to the electrodes) are ion exchange, development of pH gradients, electrolysis, gas generation, oxidation and reduction reactions, and heat generation.  1, record 36, English, - pH%20gradient

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendant la réaction, en plus du déplacement d'ions et de leur mouvement respectif aux deux électrodes, les effets suivants peuvent être observés : échange ionique, développement d'un gradient de pH, électrolyse, production de gaz, réactions d'oxydation et de réduction ou migration ionique.  1, record 36, French, - gradient%20de%20pH

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In electrical power generation, a system in which a gas turbine drives a generator to produce electricity, and the hot exhaust... from the gas turbine is used to produce steam in a boiler, which is used to drive a steam turbine to drive a generator(conventional cycle) to produce electricity... Thus, electricity is produced by a gas turbine and a steam turbine. A combined cycle might consist of a conventional cycle plus a topping cycle or bottoming cycle or both.  1, record 37, English, - combined%20cycle

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de production d'électricité utilisant à la fois l'énergie mécanique directe d'une turbine à gaz et l'énergie thermique de ses gaz d'échappement, par récupération de leur chaleur dans un échangeur; cette chaleur sert à produire de la vapeur qui est ensuite détendue dans une autre turbine. Les deux turbines entraînent chacune un alternateur avec un rendement global qui peut atteindre 55 %.  2, record 37, French, - cycle%20combin%C3%A9

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'accroissement de la puissance unitaire des turbines, qui atteint aujourd'hui les 225 mégawatts, favorise le développement du cycle combiné pour la production d'électricité à partir de gaz. Une centrale à cycle combiné occupe 40 % d'espace en moins qu'une centrale au fioul ou au charbon, elle consomme moins d'énergie primaire et pollue moins. Enfin, sa conception modulaire lui permet de suivre plus étroitement l'évolution de la demande.  2, record 37, French, - cycle%20combin%C3%A9

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Preparation of bleach chemicals. All conventional bleaching chemicals can be produced from air, water and brine(NaCl solution) utilizing varying amounts of energy. Since the raw materials are cheap, it follows that manufacturing costs are mainly a function of how much energy is expended. Oxygen. Two systems are utilized for oxygen generation : cryogenic air separation and absorption-based separation.... The adsorption-based oxygen plant yields a gas product and is suitable only for onsite generation.... adsorption systems separate air at ambient temperatures using molecular sieve adsorbents. The adsorbent picks up nitrogen and other impurities at the system feed pressure, while the product oxygen passes straight through the bed. After the bed is saturated with nitrogen, it is regenerated by lowering the pressure to release the adsorbed components. Adsorption processes are cyclical, and multiple beds are used to maintain continuous oxygen production.  1, record 39, English, - adsorption%2Dbased%20separation

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reactors. The most widely applied reactors for gasification of biomass are the moving bed types and the fluidized bed types.... Moving bed-counter current. The moving bed reactor is a vertical shaft through which the biomass flows slowly downwards as a packed bed. The reactor has a gastight feeding system at the top and an ash removal system at the bottom. The moving bed reactor is used for biomass having dimensions of 1 to 10 cm. Three sub-types can be distinguished : cocurrent, countercurrent and cross-current reactors. The countercurrent moving bed gasifier is the most simple reactor type. The gas, produced in the reduction zone, leaves the reactor together with the pyrolysis products and the steam from the drying zone. The producer gas is rich in hydrocarbons and it has a temperature of about 400°C. The gas can be used for direct heating purposes. If it is to be used for electricity generation by internal combustion engines, it has to be cleaned thoroughly.  2, record 40, English, - countercurrent%20moving%20bed%20reactor

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) réacteurs (...) dans lesquels les flux d'alimentation et de sortie circulent en sens inverse de part et d'autre de la membrane, [et qui] réalisent simultanément la catalyse enzymatique et la purification du produit.  1, record 40, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) les supports membranaires peuvent équiper des réacteurs de conceptions technologiques très diverses. Dans certains cas, la membrane constitue une simple barrière physique retenant les macromolécules dans le compartiment réactionnel : c'est le principe des membranes d'infiltration utilisées pour récupérer le biocatalyseur dans les réacteurs agités (...)  1, record 40, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The generation of electricity by any means other than hydroelectric generation, thermal generation using nuclear fuel, coal, oil or natural gas, gas turbine generation using oil or natural gas, or internal combustion generation. Examples would be solar power and wind energy.  1, record 41, English, - non%2Dconventional%20generation

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Production d'électricité par tous les moyens autres que la production hydroélectrique, la production des centrales thermiques utilisant du combustible nucléaire, du charbon, du pétrole ou du gaz naturel, la production de turbines alimentées au mazout ou au gaz naturel, ou la production par combustion interne.  1, record 41, French, - production%20non%20classique

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par exemple, l'énergie solaire et l'énergie éolienne sont des formes de production d'électricité non classique.  1, record 41, French, - production%20non%20classique

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Minister of the Environment has the discretion to require an E. I. A. if, in his opinion, the development will have a significant adverse environmental impact. E. I. A. 's are required, as a matter of government policy, on the following types of major projects : oilsands recovery schemes, coal mines, thermal or hydro power generation projects, refineries and petro-chemical plants, sour gas plants, transmission lines, pipelines, recreation complexes and water resource developments.  1, record 42, English, - oilsands%20recovery%20scheme

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le ministre de l'Environnement peut exiger une EIE s'il croit que l'exploitation en question aura des incidences néfastes considérables sur l'environnement. Le gouvernement a pour politique d'exiger une EIE pour les grands projets suivants : programmes d'utilisation des sables bitumineux, mines de charbon, centrales thermiques ou hydro-électriques, raffineries et usines pétrochimiques, usines de gaz acide, lignes de transport d'énergie, pipelines, lieux récréatifs et travaux relatifs aux ressources en eau.  1, record 42, French, - programme%20d%27utilisation%20des%20sables%20bitumineux

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Use of hydrogen gas as a fuel. Hydrogen is virtually an ideal fuel since it burns in air to form nonpolluting water vapor. Hydrogen would be easily transported in existing natural gas lines and readily stored near where it is needed for power generation.  1, record 43, English, - hydrogen%20fuel

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gros désavantage de l'hydrogène comme combustible réside dans son faible pouvoir calorifique. Il faut trois fois plus d'hydrogène que de gaz naturel pour fournir la même quantité d'énergie.  1, record 43, French, - hydrog%C3%A8ne%20comme%20combustible

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combined Cycle Power Generation... A combined cycle process combines two different power cycles in such a manner that the combined cycle operates over a larger temperature range than does either of the individual cycles. This produces a higher overall thermal efficiency.... A pressurized fluidized bed(PFBC) gas turbine combined cycle, in which the exhaust gases from the PFBC are used to drive a gas turbine, provides an efficiency of about 40%.  1, record 44, English, - pressurized%20fluidized%20bed%20combined%20cycle

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish