TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere block infrared radiation from escaping directly from the surface to space. Infrared radiation cannot pass straight through the air like visible light. Instead, most departing energy is carried away from the surface by air currents, eventually escaping to space from altitudes above the thickest layers of the greenhouse gas blanket.  1, record 1, English, - greenhouse%20gas%20blanket

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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«Les gaz à effet de serre» présents dans l'atmosphère empêchent les rayonnements infrarouges d'être renvoyés de la Terre vers l'espace. Les rayonnements infrarouges ne peuvent traverser directement l'atmosphère comme la lumière visible. En fait, la plus grande partie de l'énergie qui parvient à s'échapper est emportée par les courants aériens et se perd finalement dans l'espace à des altitudes supérieures aux couches les plus épaisses de la couverture de gaz à effet de serre.  1, record 1, French, - couverture%20de%20gaz%20%C3%A0%20effet%20de%20serre

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A boiler in which the water to be vaporized is housed in a drum through which horizontal tubes (fire tubes) are run.  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

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Fire-tube boilers may be designed for vertical, inclined, or horizontal positions. One of the most generally used types is the horizontal-return-tube (HRT) boiler. In the HRT boiler, part of the heat from the combustion gases is transferred directly to the lower portion of the shell. The gases then make a return pass through the horizontal tubes or flues before being passed into the stack.  2, record 2, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

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The... horizontal return tube boiler... gets it's name from the horizontal fire tubes which run back-to-front through the lower half of the boiler drum. The gas burner is located under the front half of the boiler drum. The hot gases then pass to the rear of the fire box where they turn round and return to the front via the fire tubes and into the smoke box.(see this picture for a clearer description).  4, record 2, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gases from an external furnace are passed through the tubes for heat transfer to the drum water.  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Les chaudières en fonte sectionnées sont réservées aux moyennes puissances (jusqu'à 1300 kW). Les chaudières de grande puissance (jusqu'à 5800 kW) sont généralement des chaudières sectionnées en acier, ou des chaudières à tubes de fumée verticaux ou horizontaux. Dans ce type de chaudières, les fumées effectuent un parcours dans des tubes qui servent de récupérateur et où elles perdent leur chaleur résiduelle.  2, record 2, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20tubulaire%20%C3%A0%20retour%20horizontal

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[When] photons pass through a galaxy cluster, a particularly interesting effect ensues : the hot, ionised gas permeating these huge cosmic structures interacts with the photons and modifies their energy distribution in a characteristic way. This phenomenon, known as the Sunyaev-Zel' dovich effect, represents a powerful tool for detecting galaxy clusters out to high redshift.  2, record 3, English, - Sunyaev%2DZel%27dovich%20effect

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of analysis by which the components of a gas mixture are separated using gas chromatography.  1, record 4, English, - gas%20chromatographic%20method

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The sample is passed in a stream of carrier gas through a column that has different retention properties relative to the components of interest. Different components pass through the column at different rates and are detected as they elute from the column at different times.  1, record 4, English, - gas%20chromatographic%20method

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gas chromatographic method: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  2, record 4, English, - gas%20chromatographic%20method

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode d’analyse qui utilise la chromatographie en phase gazeuse pour séparer les constituants d’un mélange de gaz.  1, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20par%20chromatographie%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

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L’échantillon passe, dans un flux de gaz vecteur, à travers une colonne qui retient sélectivement les constituants recherchés. Les constituants transitent dans la colonne à des vitesses différentes et sont détectés lors de leur élution progressive en des temps différents.  1, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20par%20chromatographie%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

méthode par chromatographie en phase gazeuse : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  2, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20par%20chromatographie%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The energy of the relativistic particles of the radio sources is so great that it must also have a gravitational origin. This must be in the same gas cloud that, earlier, powered the field and through which the field lines pass, as otherwise the particles would not be injected into the field.... Furthermore, the particle acceleration mechanism must be electromagnetic rather than by stellar explosions.... A model which appears to satisfy the requirements is the magnetic rotator or spinning plasma cloud with an oblique or orthogonal magnetic field.  1, record 5, English, - magnetic%20rotator

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Comment la nature a-t-elle «construit» un rotateur capable d'inonder si longtemps l'Univers de flots d'énergie tellement puissants [...]? L'axe du champ magnétique du rotateur-magnétoïde ne coïncide pas avec son axe de rotation (ils forment un certain angle) [...]. Pénétrant dans la zone du rayonnement du dipôle magnétique de la super-étoile, [le plasma] devient accéléré jusqu'à des vitesse proches de celle de la lumière et, freiné dans le champ magnétique, commence à émettre des ondes électromagnétiques d'une puissance fantastique.  2, record 5, French, - rotateur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A subdivision of physical chemistry comprising the study of phenomena characteristic of matter when one or more of its dimensions lie in the range between 1 nanometre and 1 micrometre. The science includes not only finely divided particles but also films, fibers, foams, pores, and surface irregularities. It is the dimension that is critical, rather than the nature of the material. Colloidal particles may be gaseous, liquid, or solid, and occur in various types of suspensions(imprecisely called solutions), e. g., solid/gas(aerosol), solid/solid, liquid/liquid emulsion), gas/liquid(foam). In this size range, the surface area of the particle is so much greater that its volume that unusual phenomena occur; for example, the particles do not settle out of the suspension by gravity, and are small enough to pass through filter membranes. Macromolecules(proteins and other high polymers) are at the lower limit of this range.  2, record 6, English, - colloid%20chemistry

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Though the term is often used synonymously with surface chemistry, in a strict sense it is limited to the size range mentioned in at least one dimension, whereas surface chemistry is not.  2, record 6, English, - colloid%20chemistry

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The passage of gas into, through, and out of a solid barrier having no holes large enough to permit more than a small fraction of the gas to pass through any one hole.  2, record 7, English, - permeation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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[On ne peut] diminuer indéfiniment le flux résiduel de gaz par [...] étuvage. À la limite, ce flux résulte du passage de gaz depuis l'atmosphère dans l'enceinte à travers les parois : il s'agit de perméation.  2, record 7, French, - perm%C3%A9ation

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Sun emits a steady flow of electrically-charged particles called the solar wind. As the solar wind expands supersonically into space, it creates a magnetized bubble around the Sun--the heliosphere. Eventually, the solar wind runs into the electrically-charged particles and magnetic field in the interstellar gas. The solar wind abruptly slows down from supersonic to subsonic speed, creating a termination shock. Before both spacecraft travel beyond the heliopause into interstellar space, they must pass through that shockwave.  2, record 8, English, - termination%20shock

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In oil and gas drilling, to lease acreage on the condition that, if the primary leaseholder fails to drill before the lease elapses, control will immediately pass to the next company in line, without ever appearing on the open market.  1, record 9, English, - top%20lease

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A horizontal, fire-tube boiler in which the flue gases are passed back and forth through the boiler shell 2 or more times by means of a tube arrangement or baffles. Each change in direction is called a pass. In order to maintain the flue gas velocity, each succeeding pass is reduced in total cross section to compensate for the reduced flue gas volume as the gases cool.  2, record 10, English, - multipass%20boiler

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The secondary superheater is a parallel flow heat exchanger with the fluid entering the secondary superheater at the outlet of the furnace where the convection pass starts. The fluid and the gas travel in the same direction toward the rear of the furnace.  2, record 11, English, - parallel%20flow%20heat%20exchanger

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] échangeur thermique où les deux fluides circulent parallèlement dans le même sens [...]  1, record 11, French, - %C3%A9changeur%20antim%C3%A9thodique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Titration detector. The visual or automatic titration methods of James and Martin provided techniques for the titration of chromatographically separated volatile monocarboxylic acids. In the presence of an indicator, the titration can be followed visually or automatically recorded. With the automatic titration buret, the separated acidic or basic components in the carrier gas pass directly into the titration cell. A suitable colorimetric indicator... is used with a photoelectric relay to control the addition of titrant from a syringe-type dispensing buret, the plunger of which is coupled to a recording pen.  1, record 12, English, - titration%20detector

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mc Innes [improved the automatic titrator by including] a polyethylene gland [which incorporated] a mercury seal for the recording buret, an automatic switch-off device for the apparatus, and a photoelectric unit which provided stable and full control for dispensing titrant.  1, record 12, English, - titration%20detector

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fluidized beds and suspension gasification, there is continuous relative motion of the discrete solid particles, while in fixed bed gasifiers there is much slower stratified motion of the solid bed as a whole, generally downward by gravity. The gas can then pass either in the opposite direction to the fuel(updraft or counterflow gasifiers)... or in the same direction(downdraft or coflow gasifiers).... While fixed bed coal gasifiers are updraft, biomass gasifiers can be either updraft or downdraft, depending on the purpose for which the gas is to be used. Updraft gasifiers can use very wet wood, but because the pyrolysis products are immediately cooled, the gas contains up to 30% of tar and oil.  1, record 13, English, - updraft%20gasifier

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple appareil de gazéification, à l'air (...), où les gaz montent à travers une couche de bois fixe disposée sur une grille (...) La combustion partielle et la gazéification du charbon de bois se produisent au point le plus chaud, c'est-à-dire sur la grille; les gaz dégagés traversent la couche de bois en cours de pyrolyse puis de séchage en emmenant de l'eau, des matières pyroligneuses et des goudrons. Il faut que ces gaz sortent à température assez élevée pour empêcher les condensations. Il faut également que ces gaz soient utilisés, brûlés immédiatement. Mais la difficulté due à la présence de goudrons subsiste.  1, record 13, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20classique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electrostatic accelerator in which negative hydrogen ions generated in a special ion source are accelerated as they pass from ground potential up to a high-voltage terminal, both electrons are then stripped from the negative ion by passage through a very thin foil or gas cell, and the proton is again accelerated as it passes to ground potential.  3, record 14, English, - tandem%20accelerator

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accélérateur, dérivé de l'accélérateur électrostatique à transporteur isolant, qui permet, en utilisant la même différence de potentiel, de doubler l'énergie cinétique des particules.  3, record 14, French, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rateur%20tandem

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Boiler ... fired by ... gas.  4, record 15, English, - gas%2Dfired%20boiler

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gas designed boilers for hot water or steam heating are available in cast-ion, steel, and nonferrous metal. The burners are located beneath the sections, and the flue gases pass upwards between the sections to the flue collector. Some boilers are designed to provide domestic hot water, using tankless or instantaneous heaters.  1, record 15, English, - gas%2Dfired%20boiler

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaudières à gaz. L'expression "chauffage central au gaz" fait parfois naître une confusion. Il est bien entendu que le fluide chauffant est toujours l'eau, ou la vapeur, ou l'air chaud. La seule différence avec le chauffage central au charbon est que la chaudière est alimentée au gaz, un brûleur remplaçant la grille. Ce brûleur est généralement à flamme blanche. Quand le gaz a un pouvoir calorifique élevé on utilise un brûleur à flamme bleue (...) A l'intérieur de la chaudière est disposé, au-dessus du brûleur, un faisceau de tubes où circule l'eau à chauffer.  4, record 15, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fournaise: Ce terme est considéré comme impropre par les puristes. Selon Dagenais dans son, Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française au Canada", "fournaise" serait un calque de l'anglais "furnace" et nous devrions plutôt dire "chaudière" lorsque le fluide caloporteur est l'eau ou la vapeur et "générateur d'air chaud", lorsque le fluide, est l'air. Cependant, ce terme reste d'usage fréquent au Québec, autant en langue parlée qu'en langue écrite.  5, record 15, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20gaz

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish