TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first laboratory-produced meat patty (cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger." The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials (vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one’s own kitchen within 20 years.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors(the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Baseline Protection Initiative(BPI)... was a voluntary program under Canada's First National Climate Change Business Plan. The program ensured that organizations that [acted] early to reduce [greenhouse gas] emissions [were] not disadvantaged should potential climate change policies based on emission levels be implemented.  1, record 2, English, - Baseline%20Protection%20Initiative

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Programme de protection du niveau de référence (PPNR) [...] était un programme volontaire dans le cadre du Premier plan national d'activités du Canada sur le changement climatique. Le programme garantissait que les organisations qui intervenaient de manière hâtive pour réduire les émissions de [gaz à effet de serre] ne seraient pas désavantagées si l'on devait adopter éventuellement des politiques en matière de changements climatiques fondées sur les niveaux d'émission.  1, record 2, French, - Programme%20de%20protection%20du%20niveau%20de%20r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] geological [condition] at the sea floor or within sub-bottom sediments that, if unrecognized, could result in dangerous or catastrophic events with attendant risks to life and/or infrastructure.  1, record 3, English, - marine%20geohazard

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Examples of [marine geohazards] include earthquakes and submarine landslides that can trigger tsunamis, iceberg scouring of the seabed, and gas migration or build-up that can lead to locally overpressurized sediments and potential terrain instability and/or blowouts.  1, record 3, English, - marine%20geohazard

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A medium turn radius well has at least one section with a build rate angle of between 6° and 20° per 100 ft in the rotary mode, and as much as 35° per 100 ft in an oriented mode, in reaching horizontal. The radius of curvature ranges from about 160 up to 1000 feet.  5, record 5, English, - medium%20radius%20horizontal%20well

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Medium-radius wells are appropriate for areas that could benefit from horizontal drilling, but where long-radius methods are either unnecessary or impractical, as would be the case when lease boundary restrictions limit the well course. They are particularly applicable for re-entry wells, reef reservoirs, fractured reservoirs and reservoirs with potential for gas or water coning.  5, record 5, English, - medium%20radius%20horizontal%20well

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Based on curvature rate, the most commonly used classification for types of horizontal wells are as follows: ultra-short radius, short radius, medium radius and long radius.  7, record 5, English, - medium%20radius%20horizontal%20well

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement aux puits verticaux, les puits horizontaux ont une productivité qui est très peu sensible au diamètre du trou. Pour les puits à long rayon de courbure et donc à longue section horizontale (300 m et plus), le diamètre généralement utilisé est de 8,5 pouces. Les puits à faible rayon de courbure, qui nécessitent l'utilisation de garnitures de forage articulées sont forés en plus petit diamètre, 4 pouces généralement.  2, record 5, French, - puits%20horizontal%20%C3%A0%20moyen%20rayon%20de%20courbure

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the environmental review was necessary because the liquefied natural gas(LNG) project raises a number of potential issues, including greenhouse gas emissions, damage to wetlands and water environments and risk of accidents.  1, record 6, English, - water%20environment

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Subgroup of volatile organic compounds ... that tend to have a higher molecular weight and higher boiling point temperature.  4, record 7, English, - semi%2Dvolatile%20organic%20compound

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)... are of concern because of their abundance in the indoor environment and their potential for negative health effects on humans. … The concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds … are determined by extracting the sample and then analyzing the extract using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry...  3, record 7, English, - semi%2Dvolatile%20organic%20compound

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

semi-volatile organic compound; SVOC: designation and abbreviation standardized by ISO in 2020.  5, record 7, English, - semi%2Dvolatile%20organic%20compound

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

semi-volatile organic compound: term adopted by Environment Canada; used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS).  6, record 7, English, - semi%2Dvolatile%20organic%20compound

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sous-groupe de composés organiques volatils […] qui a tendance à posséder une masse moléculaire plus importante et une température de point d'ébullition supérieure.  2, record 7, French, - compos%C3%A9%20organique%20semi%2Dvolatil

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

composé organique semi-volatil; COSV : désignation et abréviation normalisées par l'ISO en 2020.  4, record 7, French, - compos%C3%A9%20organique%20semi%2Dvolatil

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

composé organique semi-volatil : terme retenu par Environnement Canada; utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA).  5, record 7, French, - compos%C3%A9%20organique%20semi%2Dvolatil

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The test is intended to be, as far as practicable, representative of a potential accidental pressurized release of cryogenic liquid natural gas(LNG) manufactured in industrial plants.  2, record 8, English, - pressurized%20release

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le présent essai a pour objet, dans la mesure du possible, d'être représentatif d'une éventuelle émission sous pression accidentelle de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) cryogénique fabriqué dans des installations industrielles.  1, record 8, French, - %C3%A9mission%20sous%20pression

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Offshore oil and gas exploration is sure to put more [ecological] pressure on offshore waters. Deep-sea mining is another potential threat...  2, record 9, English, - offshore%20waters

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le capelan [...] passe la majeure partie de sa vie adulte dans les eaux du large.  2, record 9, French, - eaux%20du%20large

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Measurement technicians are employed at every segment of natural gas production, processing, transportation and delivery. Potential employers are natural gas producers/operators, midstream gathering and processing companies, pipeline and storage companies, local utilities/distribution companies and the petro-chemical industry.  2, record 10, English, - measurement%20technician

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oil and gas drilling engineers use computer-aided design(CAD) systems to create realistic geometric models of drills, which can simulate and analyze the effects and potential problems of designs such as machine malfunction and slowdown.  2, record 11, English, - oil%20and%20gas%20drilling%20engineer

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any method by which an essentially depleted reservoir is restored to a producing status by the injection of liquids or gases into the reservoir from extraneous sources. This effects restoration of reservoir energy, which moves the formerly unrecoverable secondary reserves through the reservoir to the wellbore.  3, record 12, English, - secondary%20recovery

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Secondary recovery of oil. When a large part of the crude oil cannot be recovered simply by allowing the original reservoir pressure to furnish the driving energy, a method for supplying extra energy must be found. Usually, an injected fluid such as water or gas replaces the produced oil and thus maintains the reservoir pressure. When this procedure substantially increases the potential production of oil, it is called secondary recovery.  4, record 12, English, - secondary%20recovery

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Secondary Recovery. Secondary recovery methods are used to obtain additional oil from wells that have ceased to produce at an economical rate.  5, record 12, English, - secondary%20recovery

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Water drive or flooding is a secondary recovery method that is used extensively to force the oil to flow to the producing wells.  5, record 12, English, - secondary%20recovery

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

secondary recovery: term standardized by ISO.  6, record 12, English, - secondary%20recovery

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé mis en œuvre après la phase de production primaire par décompression du gisement. (Il s'agit généralement d'injection d'eau et de gaz.)  3, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration%20secondaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[...] phase d'extraction du pétrole de ses gisements naturels qui met en œuvre des moyens énergétiques supplémentaires, soit après épuisement des énergies naturelles, soit en complément de l'énergie naturelle dès le début de l'exploitation.  4, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration%20secondaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

récupération secondaire : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration%20secondaire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The volume of gas obtained in the carbonisation process or gasification process expressed as m³/te (or ft³/ton) of the fuel feed. Reference conditions should be stated.  2, record 13, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methane Production Potential.... In the anaerobic process, a certain amount of gas is produced per pound of volatile solids broken down or destroyed by the bacteria. This is referred to as "gas yield".... Table 1. Potential gas production of swine, dairy, poultry and beef.... Gas yield, cu. ft. per lb. volatile solids destroyed.  3, record 13, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparison between the pyrolysis of two types of polyethylenes in a fluidized bed reactor. ... Methane, benzene and toluene formation was favored at high residence time. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butene, and pentane cracked to different extents with increasing residence time and/or temperature. Maximum total gas yield obtained at 800°C from branched polyethylene and less branched polyethylene in continuous operation is 91.8 and 97.5%, respectively.  4, record 13, English, - gas%20yield

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volume de gaz obtenu par la carbonisation ou par la gazéification, rapporté à la masse de combustibles mis en œuvre et exprimé en m³/t. Les conditions de référence doivent être indiquées dans chaque cas.  1, record 13, French, - rendement%20en%20gaz

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volumen de gas obtenido en la carbonización o en la gasificación expresado en m³/T del combustible introducido. Debe indicarse las condiciones en que se mide el gas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20gas

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Previous exposures to contaminated soil gas have been documented in the residential areas to the west of the landfill. These exposures were from inhalation of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. ... Installation and operation of the active soil gas venting system has reduced or eliminated this exposure. However, at times the system has been interrupted, resulting in some subsurface landfill gas migrating off-site.  3, record 14, English, - soil%20gas%20venting

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[In a chapter dealing with groundwaters and soils.] Enhanced biodegradation during soil gas venting: soil bioventing and vapour-phase biotreatment.  4, record 14, English, - soil%20gas%20venting

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Efforts to characterize and monitor VOCs [volatile organic compounds] and methane often include analyzing the distribution and concentration of VOCs and methane in soil gas in deep vadose(unsaturated) zones beneath a contaminated site. These factors are integral to determining transport to the underlying aquifer and to evaluate potential remediation alternatives such as soil-gas venting.  2, record 14, English, - soil%20gas%20venting

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method where the amount of titrant consumed for reaction of the gas component with the titrant is proportional to the gas component concentration, and the endpoint of reaction is determined by the variation of potential inside the cell.  1, record 15, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The volume increments of titrant (titration solution) added determine the difference in potential to be measured. Different volume increments of titrant, specifically smaller volume increments close to end points, can permit a better evaluation of the end points.  1, record 15, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

potentiometric titration: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  2, record 15, English, - potentiometric%20titration

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode où la quantité de la solution de titrage consommée pour la réaction du constituant gazeux est proportionnelle à la concentration du constituant gazeux et est mesurée par la variation du potentiel à l’intérieur de la cellule.  1, record 15, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des ajouts dosés de solution de titrage permettent de mesurer les différences de potentiel. Différents ajouts dosés de solution de titrage, spécifiquement des ajouts de plus faible volume à proximité des points finaux de potentiel, peuvent permettre une meilleure évaluation de ces derniers.  1, record 15, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

titrage potentiométrique : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  2, record 15, French, - titrage%20potentiom%C3%A9trique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gas-solid cocurrent downflow(downer) reactors offer many advantages over gas-solid cocurrent upflow(riser) reactors, such as better gas-solids contact efficiency, more uniform gas and solids residence time distributions and the potential capability of handling higher solids-gas loading ratios. These features make the downer an excellent reactor for fast reactions and especially for fast reactions where the intermediate is the product. This new type of reactor has so far not been well developed but has huge potential for many industrial processes such as fluid catalytic cracking of crude oil where further improvement in the gas-solids contact efficiency will lead to significant economic gains, pyrolysis of some solids waste into valuable organic products which provides a more energy efficient alternative to waste incineration...  1, record 16, English, - cocurrent%20downflow%20reactor

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réacteurs chimiques. [...] Techniques de mise en œuvre. [...] Dans le cas où deux phases fluides (gaz et liquide) doivent être mises en œuvre, l'écoulement à travers le lit catalytique fixe peut se faire de diverses manières : à cocourant descendant [...], à cocourant ascendant, à contre-courant. Le cocourant descendant est la technologie la plus souvent utilisée, car la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. [...] l'efficacité des lits fixes avec écoulement biphasique à cocourant descendant dépend essentiellement de la distribution de la phase liquide au sommet du lit de catalyseur.  2, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20descendant

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Réacteur tubulaire. [...] La circulation des fluides à cocourant descendant est celle qui est généralement utilisée; ce type d'écoulement a l'avantage vis-à-vis du cocourant ascendant de ne pas poser de problèmes quant à la fixation du lit catalytique. De plus, les performances avec un cocourant descendant sembleraient légèrement supérieures à celles obtenues avec un cocourant ascendant.  3, record 16, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20descendant

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gas-solid cocurrent downflow(downer) reactors offer many advantages over gas-solid cocurrent upflow(riser) reactors, such as better gas-solids contact efficiency, more uniform gas and solids residence time distributions and the potential capability of handling higher solids-gas loading ratios.  1, record 17, English, - cocurrent%20upflow%20reactor

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réacteurs chimiques. [...] Techniques de mise en œuvre. [...] Dans le cas où deux phases fluides (gaz et liquide) doivent être mises en œuvre, l'écoulement à travers le lit catalytique fixe peut se faire de diverses manières : à cocourant descendant [...], à cocourant ascendant, à contre-courant. Le cocourant descendant est la technologie la plus souvent utilisée, car la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. [...] Le cocourant ascendant permet d'éviter les problèmes de distribution de la phase liquide dans le lit catalytique, en assurant un bon mouillage des grains de catalyseur par la phase liquide dans l'ensemble du lit. Ce mode de circulation des fluides est en particulier recommandé pour des opérations à faible capacité [...]  2, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20ascendant

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Réacteur tubulaire. [...] La circulation des fluides à cocourant descendant est celle qui est généralement utilisée; ce type d'écoulement a l'avantage vis-à-vis du cocourant ascendant de ne pas poser de problèmes quant à la fixation du lit catalytique. De plus, les performances avec un cocourant descendant sembleraient légèrement supérieures à celles obtenues avec un cocourant ascendant.  3, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20ascendant

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sour gas well that has the potential to release unsafe levels of hydrogen sulphide, which might affect nearby residents.  1, record 18, English, - critical%20sour%20gas%20well

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Puits de gaz acide qui risque de libérer des quantités dangereuses de sulfure d'hydrogène pouvant affecter les résidents de la zone environnante.  1, record 18, French, - puits%20de%20gaz%20acide%20critique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No-regrets opportunities for greenhouse gas emissions reduction are defined as those options whose benefits such as reduced energy costs and reduced emissions of local/regional pollutants equal or exceed their costs to society, excluding the benefits of avoided climate change. No-regrets potential is defined as the gap between the market potential and the socio-economic potential.  1, record 19, English, - no%2Dregrets%20potential

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les opportunités «sans regrets» en matière de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont définies comme étant des options dont les bénéfices, tels que la réduction des coûts énergétiques ou des émissions de polluants locaux/régionaux, sont égaux ou supérieurs à leurs coûts pour la société, sans compter les bénéfices liés à la prévention des changements. Le potentiel «sans regrets» est l'écart entre le potentiel offert par le marché et le potentiel socio-économique.  1, record 19, French, - potentiel%20sans%20regrets

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The absolute activity [lambda]_B of a substance B in a mixture of substances B, C,... is a number defined by [the following equation]... where µ_B is the chemical potential of substance B, and R is the gas constant.  1, record 20, English, - absolute%20activity

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'activité absolue [lambda]_B de la substance B, dans un mélange de substances B, C, [...] est une grandeur sans dimension définie par l'équation [suivante] [...] dans laquelle µ_B est le potentiel chimique de la substance B et R est la constante des gaz.  1, record 20, French, - activit%C3%A9%20absolue

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ethanol produced by the fermentation of crop residues, or the cellulose part of the plant.  2, record 21, English, - cellulosic%20ethanol

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cellulosic ethanol. Bioethanol can be produced from ligno-cellulosic feedstocks through the biochemical conversion of the cellulose and hemicellulose components of biomass feedstocks into fermentable sugars. The sugars are then fermented to ethanol, following the same conversion steps as conventional biofuels. Cellulosic ethanol has the potential to perform better in terms of energy balance, GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions and land-use requirements than starch-based biofuels.  3, record 21, English, - cellulosic%20ethanol

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Éthanol produit à partir de la] fermentation alcoolique de chaînes de sucres complexes (cellulose provenant de la paille, du bois, panic érigé…) ayant été brisés en sucres simples, habituellement par des enzymes.  2, record 21, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs procédés ont été développés pour produire l’éthanol cellulosique : l’hydrolyse acide, l’hydrolyse enzymatique et le procédé thermochimique (gazéification). Bien que ces procédés dits de «deuxième génération» soient tous techniquement réalisables, à ce jour, le procédé d’hydrolyse enzymatique est le seul procédé utilisé à l’échelle industrielle au Canada qui utilise comme matière première de la biomasse d’origine agricole.  3, record 21, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les biocarburants de 2e génération. [...] Selon Ressources naturelles Canada, l’éthanol cellulosique a un potentiel de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 85 % par rapport à l’essence, alors que ce potentiel est de 40 à 60 % pour l’éthanol traditionnel issu des céréales.  4, record 21, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A loss of ozone around 40 km is particularly significant because that is the altitude where chlorine is thought to be the major player in the destruction of ozone. (Nitrogen radicals are the key species in the lower stratosphere, between about 12 and 30 km.)  5, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nitrogen(·); N· radical: The dot must be centered and pronounced after the name: "nitrogen dot"; "N dot radical."  6, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

II-VI short wavelength lasers have had to overcome several technical challenges to become what they are today. Arguably the foremost obstacle to practical ZnSe based light emitters was the ability to p-type dope the semiconductor. It was discovered that by incorporating free nitrogen radicals in ZnSe sufficiently high p-type doping could be obtained.  6, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Vitamin C and lipoic acid are also potent antioxidants that can scavenge various reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals.  7, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The injection of natural gas and urea has been shown to enhance the NOx reduction potential of the natural gas in utility boilers. The chemical kinetics mechanisms of FLGR® and SNCR have many of the same selective reactions. The injection of natural gas in hot, low oxygen furnace gas results in the formation of hydrocarbon radicals(CHi) and the subsequent formation of nitrogen radicals. The injection of urea(NH2-CO-NH2) results in the formation of similar nitrogen radicals. Both of these reagents reduce NOx to molecular nitrogen through a series of similar reactions.  8, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 5 CONT

New studies of the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere suggest a reordering of the catalytic cycles. Recent in-situ observations (from ER-2 flights) suggest that nitrogen radicals may not be as dominant in the catalytic destruction of ozone in the lower stratosphere as previously thought.  9, record 22, English, - nitrogen%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

radicaux azotés : Famille de radicaux libres, qui contiennent au moins un atome d'azote, très importante dans le processus de destruction de l'ozone.  4, record 22, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le représentant le plus dangereux de [la] famille [des radicaux N·] est le radical NO· [le point est centré, on prononce «radical NO point», ou monoxyde d'azote].  4, record 22, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs nouvelles méthodes pour engendrer les radicaux iminyles, amidyles, carbamyles et autres radicaux azotés ont été mises au point. Les applications en synthèse organique, surtout dans le domaine des alcaloïdes, sont multiples. Les dérivés thiosemicarbazones, qui réagissent avec les radicaux stannyles pour donner des radicaux azotés par rupture de la liaison N-N, semblent particulièrement prometteurs car les précurseurs sont d'un accès très aisé.  5, record 22, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

acide aminé : unité moléculaire de base des protéines, contenant un radical azoté et un acide organique.  6, record 22, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

azote(·); radical N·: Le point est un point centré; pour les noms des radicaux comportant un point centré, il faut prononcer «dot» en anglais et «point» en français après le nom : «azote point»; «radical N point».  7, record 22, French, - azote%28%26%23183%3B%29

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pipeline is being designed with the potential, with the installation of 11 additional compressor stations and other facilities, to expand from an initial capacity of 1. 2 Bcf/d [billion cubic feet per day] to an expansion capacity of 1. 8 Bcf/d. This expansion capacity scenario would proceed only if additional natural gas fields, other than that of the anchor fields, were discovered, developed and put into production, probably involving parties other than, or at least in addition to, any of the proponents.  2, record 23, English, - expansion%20capacity%20scenario

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pipeline est conçu de manière à ce que l'on puisse accroître à 1,8 Gpi³/j [milliards de pieds cubes par jour] sa capacité initiale de 1,2 Gpi³/j par la mise en place de 11 stations de compression supplémentaires ainsi que d'autres installations. Ce scénario d'accroissementde la capacité de production ne se réaliserait que si des champs gaziers supplémentaires, autres que les champs d'ancrage, étaient découverts, mis en valeur et mis en production, probablement par des partenaires autres que l'un ou l'autre des promoteurs, ou du moins en collaboration avec ces derniers.  2, record 23, French, - sc%C3%A9nario%20d%27accroissement%20de%20la%20capacit%C3%A9%20de%20production

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A noble metal(such as platinum) of large surface area covered with hydrogen gas in a solution of hydrogen ion saturated with hydrogen gas; metal is used in a foil form and is welded to a wire sealed in the bottom of a hollow glass tube, which is partially filled with mercury; used as a standard electrode with a potential of zero to measure hydrogen ion activity.  3, record 24, English, - hydrogen%20electrode

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une pile redox [est] formée de deux électrodes à hydrogène réunies par une jonction liquide (solution KC1). L'une est une électrode normale à hydrogène, électrode de référence [...]. L'autre, électrode indicatrice, est aussi une électrode à hydrogène, mais dont la solution est de pH inconnu, à mesurer. [...] on a convenu que l'électrode normale à hydrogène est équipotentielle; d'où E⁰ = 0 [...].  3, record 24, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Electrodo constituido por una lámina de platino en una atmósfera de hidrógeno, sumergida parcialmente en una disolución de iones H+ saturada de hidrógeno gaseoso.  1, record 24, Spanish, - electrodo%20de%20hidr%C3%B3geno

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Offshore oil and gas exploration is sure to put more [ecological] pressure on offshore waters. Deep-sea mining is another potential threat and rich mineral deposits off the B. C. coast could be among the first exploited.  1, record 25, English, - deep%2Dsea%20mining

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sur le modèle de «pêche de haute mer», LGRAN Vol. 8 p. 7928.  1, record 25, French, - exploitation%20mini%C3%A8re%20en%20mer

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fluorocarbon in which the hydrogen directly attached to the carbon atoms is completely replaced by fluorine, which appears under the form of a colorless gas, with a boiling point of-126°C, is used as a refrigerant and is considered as a potential greenhouse gas.  13, record 26, English, - tetrafluoromethane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tetrafluoromethane: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic names corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  7, record 26, English, - tetrafluoromethane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

carbon fluoride: a generic term.  7, record 26, English, - tetrafluoromethane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

perhalogenated fluorocarbon: ambiguous name.  7, record 26, English, - tetrafluoromethane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Chemical formula: CF₄  13, record 26, English, - tetrafluoromethane

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dérivé d'un hydrocarbure composé de carbone et de fluor, ce dernier remplaçant entièrement l'hydrogène, que l'on utilise comme frigorigène et qui est considéré comme un gaz à effet de serre potentiel.  12, record 26, French, - t%C3%A9trafluorom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tétrafluorométhane : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  2, record 26, French, - t%C3%A9trafluorom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

fluorure de carbone : terme générique.  2, record 26, French, - t%C3%A9trafluorom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

fluorocarbone perhalogéné; fluorocarbone entièrement halogéné : termes ambigus.  2, record 26, French, - t%C3%A9trafluorom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Formule chimique : CF₄  12, record 26, French, - t%C3%A9trafluorom%C3%A9thane

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: CF₄  3, record 26, Spanish, - tetrafluorometano

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of ionization detector that responds to the permanent gases. It consists of a small ionization chamber in which the carrier gas and solute are irradiated with electron from a β-ray emitter while a potential is applied across the cell. When solutes enter the chamber there is a current change arising from the change in total cross-section for ionization.  2, record 27, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The carrier gas most commonly used is hydrogen but nitrogen and helium are also employed.  2, record 27, English, - cross%2Dsection%20detector

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... to identify potential cumulative stressors on the populations, to build an understanding of the role and degree ofimpact that the Mackenzie Gas Project and future development in the Beaufort Sea may have at the individual and population levels.  2, record 28, English, - cumulative%20stressor

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] déterminer les facteurs de stress cumulatifs éventuels sur les populations, en vue de mieux faire comprendre le rôle et l'importance des effets que le projet gazier Mackenzie et les projets de mise en valeur dans la mer de Beaufort pourraient avoir sur les individus et les populations.  2, record 28, French, - facteur%20de%20stress%20cumulatif

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A detector that responds to changes in either the dielectric constant of a radio-frequency plasma or the potential difference between capacitor plates arising from variations in the composition of the carrier gas as solutes are eluted from the gas chromatography [GC] column.  2, record 29, English, - radio%2Dfrequency%20detector

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A detector which uses low-energy electrons from either a tritium or Ni source, to ionize the carrier gas in an ionization chamber, at a potential just strong enough for the collection of all the free electrons produced.  3, record 30, English, - electron%20capture%20detector

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

electron capture detector; ECD: term and abbreviation extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, record 30, English, - electron%20capture%20detector

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détecteur utilisé en chromatographie gazeuse; les composés ayant un groupement électro-négatif ont tendance à capturer les électrons pour former des ions négatifs lorsqu'ils sont exposés à une source d'électrons de faible énergie; les ions négatifs sont entraînés dans le gaz vecteur, puis sont détectés par la réduction de courant qu'ils provoquent sur une électrode.  4, record 30, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A0%20capture%20d%27%C3%A9lectrons

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

détecteur à capture d'électrons; DCE : terme et abréviation tirés du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  5, record 30, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20%C3%A0%20capture%20d%27%C3%A9lectrons

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The International Reactor Innovative and Secure(IRIS) reactor is a new, pressurized water-cooled nuclear power reactor design... Two potential Integrated Primary System Reactor(IPSR) pressurizer designs are being analyzed for this research project : a steam pressurizer, and a nitrogen gas pressurizer. These two integral pressurizer designs differ from most conventional types, because they incorporate a much larger interface more closely coupled to the reactor primary system.  1, record 31, English, - Integrated%20Primary%20System%20Reactor

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Integrated Modular Water Reactor (IMR) is an integrated primary system reactor being developed by a Japanese consortium. IMR is primarily designed to supply electric power through a power grid with unit output of 350MWe. In this paper, the outline of the IMR concept and the current development status is presented.  2, record 31, English, - Integrated%20Primary%20System%20Reactor

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our midstream activities include the upgrading operations, pipeline operations, commodity trading and energy infrastructure projects.  2, record 32, English, - midstream%20operations

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Husky Energy's midstream operations reflect an extensive portfolio of assets, strategically situated throughout Western Canada, and linked to key transportation systems and markets across North America. Husky established new records in earnings and cash flow contribution from this segment during 2001 by marketing natural gas, crude oil, natural gas liquids and sulphur. Optimizing midstream potential is aided by the extensive heavy oil pipeline infrastructure and heavy oil processing owned and operated by Husky primarily in the bitumen corridor.  1, record 32, English, - midstream%20operations

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

midstream sector: between the "upstream sector" and "downstream sector" of the oil industry.  3, record 32, English, - midstream%20operations

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secteur qui prend en charge les traitements préliminaires du pétrole et son transport vers les raffineries.  1, record 32, French, - secteur%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Entre les secteurs amont et aval de l'industrie pétrolière.  3, record 32, French, - secteur%20interm%C3%A9diaire

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of organic compounds containing phosphorus that are used as insecticides.  2, record 33, English, - organophosphate%20pesticide

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In health, agriculture, and government, the word "organophosphates" refers to a group of insecticides or nerve agents acting on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase(the pesticide group carbamates also act on this enzyme, but through a different mechanism). The term is used often to describe virtually any organic phosphorus(V)-containing compound, especially when dealing with neurotoxins... Organophosphate pesticides(as well as sarin and VX nerve gas) irreversibly inactivate acetylcholinesterase, which is essential to nerve function in insects, humans, and many other animals. Organophosphate pesticides affect this enzyme in varied ways, and thus in their potential for poisoning.  3, record 33, English, - organophosphate%20pesticide

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  4, record 33, English, - organophosphate%20pesticide

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe de composés organiques contenant du phosphore et utilisés comme insecticides.  2, record 33, French, - pesticide%20organophosphor%C3%A9

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  3, record 33, French, - pesticide%20organophosphor%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since 1991 the North Sea countries (UK, Netherlands, Norway and Denmark) have put a lot of effort in the development of a decision support system for the legislation of the use and discharge of offshore exploration, drilling and production chemicals. The heart of this so-called harmonised mandatory control system is the chemical hazard assessment and risk management (CHARM) model.  5, record 34, English, - harmonized%20mandatory%20control%20system

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

One of the most proactive areas in environmental regulation is the North East Atlantic -- primarily Norway and the European Union. Within this region, the Oslo-Paris Commission (OSPARCOM) was inaugurated in 1992 and ratified in 1998. The OSPARCOM mainly focuses on protection of the marine aquatic environment. ... To help evaluate chemicals for offshore use, the Harmonized Offshore Chemical Notification Format (HOCNF) was introduced in 1995. ... In 2001, the Harmonized Mandatory Control System (HMCS) was implemented primarily to maintain at least a baseline of rigor for the move to more environmentally responsible chemicals.  2, record 34, English, - harmonized%20mandatory%20control%20system

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 3 CONT

OSPAR Decision 2000/2 on a Harmonised Mandatory Control System for the Use and Reduction of the Discharge of Offshore Chemicals.  6, record 34, English, - harmonized%20mandatory%20control%20system

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 4 CONT

By November 2001, the OSPAR Decision on the Harmonised Mandatory Control Scheme(HMCS) should have been in force and operating for nearly a year. The objective of the HMCS is to protect the marine environment by identifying those chemicals used in offshore oil and gas operations with the potential for causing an adverse environmental impact and restricting their use and discharge to the sea.  4, record 34, English, - harmonized%20mandatory%20control%20system

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Afin de réduire l'impact environnemental général des produits chimiques en offshore, OSPAR 2000 a adopté la Décision 2000/2 relative à un système obligatoire et harmonisé de contrôle (HMCS) de l'utilisation des produits chimiques en offshore et de réduction de leurs rejets et les Recommandations OSPAR 2000/4 et 2000/5 qui s'y rapportent.  2, record 34, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20obligatoire%20et%20harmonis%C3%A9%20de%20contr%C3%B4le

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la décision OSPAR 2000/2 relative à un système obligatoire et harmonisé de contrôle de l'utilisation des produits chimiques en offshore et de réduction de leurs rejets prévoit, entre autres, que les autorités nationales compétentes des Parties contractantes réglementeront l'utilisation et le rejet des produits chimiques d'offshore conformément aux règlements fixés dans ladite décision; [...]  4, record 34, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20obligatoire%20et%20harmonis%C3%A9%20de%20contr%C3%B4le

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Convention OSPAR de 1992 est l'instrument actuel qui oriente la coopération internationale sur la protection du milieu marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est. Il a uni et mis à jour la Convention d'Oslo de 1972 sur les opérations d'immersion de rejets en mer et la Convention de Paris de 1974 sur la pollution marine d'origine tellurique. Les travaux dans le cadre de la convention sont gérés par la Commission OSPAR, laquelle est composée de représentants des gouvernements de 15 Parties contractantes et de la Commission européenne, représentant la Communauté européenne.  5, record 34, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20obligatoire%20et%20harmonis%C3%A9%20de%20contr%C3%B4le

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A deep underground rock formation composed of permeable materials and containing highly saline fluids.  2, record 35, English, - deep%20saline%20aquifer

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The geological formations that typically receive the most consideration as potential hosts for CO₂ storage are depleted petroleum reservoirs, deep unmineable coal seams, and deep saline aquifers.... The storage capacity for this mechanism is much greater at depths of 800 m, where CO₂ exists as a supercritical fluid with much greater density than that of the subcritical gas phase.  3, record 35, English, - deep%20saline%20aquifer

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nappes souterraines d'eau salée situées à grandes profondeurs.  2, record 35, French, - aquif%C3%A8re%20salin%20profond

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les aquifères salins profonds sont considérés comme le réservoir géologique le plus important pour stocker le CO₂.  3, record 35, French, - aquif%C3%A8re%20salin%20profond

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Porous rock formations that hold or(as in the case of depleted oil and gas reservoirs) have previously held fluids, such as natural gas, oil or brines, are potential candidates for CO₂ storage.  2, record 36, English, - CO2%20storage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "carbon storage" which refers to the long term sequestration of all forms of carbon in forests, soils, oceans as well as in geological formations.  3, record 36, English, - CO2%20storage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂.  3, record 36, English, - CO2%20storage

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est démontré que le stockage du CO₂ dans des formations géologiques profondes situées sous terre ou sous la mer [...] est économiquement réalisable dans des conditions précises pour les champs de pétrole et de gaz naturel et les formations salines, mais pas encore pour les couches de houille inexploitables.  2, record 36, French, - stockage%20de%20CO2

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «stockage de carbone» qui fait référence à la séquestration à plus long terme du carbone sous toutes ses formes dans les forêts, les sols, les océans ainsi que les formations géologiques.  3, record 36, French, - stockage%20de%20CO2

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂.  3, record 36, French, - stockage%20de%20CO2

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trapped vortex combustion(TVC) concept is a revolutionary technology with potential payoffs in almost every category of gas turbine combustor performance including heat release rate, operability, weight, and even cost. High-pressure testing results of a prototype TVC sector indicate it can help meet increased performance requirements while reducing overall emissions. TVC may also be used as a rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn method to reduce nitric oxide in ground power gas turbine engines that operate on low-cost fuels containing fuel-bound nitrogen.  3, record 37, English, - rich%2Dburn%2C%20quick%2Dquench%2C%20lean%2Dburn

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Potential technical storage methods are : geological storage(in geological formations, such as oil and gas fields, unminable coal beds and deep saline formations)... CO₂ storage in hydrocarbon reservoirs or deep saline formations is generally expected to take place at depths below 800 m, where the ambient pressures and temperatures will usually result in CO₂ being in a liquid or supercritical state. Under these conditions, the density of CO₂ will range from 50 to 80% of the density of water.  2, record 38, English, - deep%20saline%20formation

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour stocker le CO₂, on peut faire appel au stockage géologique (dans des formations géologiques telles que des champs de pétrole ou de gaz naturel, des couches de houille inexploitables et des formations salines profondes [...] En principe, le stockage du CO₂ dans des réservoirs d'hydrocarbures ou dans des formations salines [profondes] se fait à plus de 800 m sous terre. À cette profondeur, le gaz est généralement en phase liquide ou supercritique en raison de la pression et de la température ambiantes; sa densité se situe alors entre 50 et 80 % de celle de l'eau, valeur proche de la densité de certains pétroles bruts, ce qui crée des forces tendant à faire remonter le CO₂.  2, record 38, French, - formation%20saline%20profonde

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. This research project assembled data from natural gas, electricity and water meter readings in 34 multi-unit residential buildings to assess the magnitude and timing of consumption, and attempted to determine how building characteristics influence usage patterns. This information can be useful in assessing the effectiveness and potential impact of efficiency upgrades, and in the development of strategies for load shifting to take advantage of time-of-use energy rate schedules.  2, record 39, English, - Energy%20and%20Water%20Consumption%20Load%20Profiles%20in%20Multi%2DUnit%20Residential%20Buildings

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Société canadienne d'hypothèques et de logement. La recherche permet de commencer à comprendre la consommation annuelle de consommation de gaz naturel, d'électricité et d'eau de 34 collectifs d'habitation. Cette information est nécessaire à l'évaluation de l'efficacité énergétique et de l'économie d'eau dans les collectifs d'habitation, surtout dans l'application de technologies de cogénération et de délestage des charges. La recherche a aussi permis de démontrer la variabilité de la consommation d'énergie et d'eau dans les collectifs d'habitation, ce qui nous permet de supposer que des réductions éventuelles d'énergie et d'eau sont possibles.  2, record 39, French, - Profils%20de%20la%20charge%20de%20consommation%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20et%20d%27eau%20dans%20les%20collectifs%20d%27habitation

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A final implication of EGR [enhanced gas recovery] for coalbed methane is the potential for the creation of zero emission power plants. These power plants would create minimal CO₂ emissions based on a full life cycle analysis.... This "closed loop" system could potentially release zero CO₂ to the atmosphere during the power cycle and would provide cleaner energy.  1, record 40, English, - zero%20emission%20power%20plant

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'une des répercussions finales des techniques de RAG [récupération améliorée de gaz] pour le méthane des gisements de charbon est la possibilité de mettre sur pied des centrales électriques à émissions nulles, qui ne rejetteraient que de faibles volumes de CO₂ pour l'ensemble de leur cycle de vie. [...] Avec ce système «en circuit fermé», on pourrait avoir, en théorie, une centrale thermique sans danger pour l'environnement parce que, pendant son cycle de production d'énergie, ses rejets de CO₂ dans l'atmosphère seraient nuls.  1, record 40, French, - centrale%20%C3%A9lectrique%20%C3%A0%20%C3%A9missions%20nulles

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] finalized its Third Assessment Report in early 2001. The report concluded that the evidence for humanity's influence on the global climate is now stronger than ever before, and it presented the most detailed picture to date of how global warming will affect various regions. It also confirmed that many cost-effective solutions to rising greenhouse gas emissions are available today; in many cases, however, governments will need to address various institutional, behavioral and other barriers before these solutions can realize their potential.  2, record 41, English, - Third%20Assessment%20Report

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le GIEC [Groupe intergouvernemental d'experts sur l'évolution du climat] a terminé son Troisième Rapport d'évaluation au début de 2001. Le rapport a conclu que les preuves de la responsabilité des activités humaines dans le réchauffement planétaire étaient plus solides que jamais. Il dressait aussi le tableau le plus détaillé à ce jour des effets du réchauffement sur différentes régions du globe. Il a par ailleurs confirmé qu'il existait à l'heure actuelle de nombreuses solutions présentant un bon rapport coût-efficacité pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Les autorités devront toutefois dans de nombreux cas surmonter divers obstacles institutionnels, comportementaux et autres avant que ces solutions puissent réaliser pleinement leur potentiel.  2, record 41, French, - Troisi%C3%A8me%20Rapport%20d%27%C3%A9valuation

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The LFG [landfill gas] collection system was installed to control odours and to prevent migration of gas into the ground surrounding the landfill. Collection and flaring of LFG created a potential opportunity to make use of the gas.  1, record 42, English, - flaring%20of%20LFG

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système de captage du gaz d'enfouissement a été installé pour contrôler les odeurs et pour prévenir la migration du gaz dans les sols entourant le lieu d'enfouissement. Le captage et le torchage du gaz d'enfouissement ont permis d'utiliser ce gaz à d'autres fins.  2, record 42, French, - torchage%20du%20gaz%20d%27enfouissement

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technology that uses high-intensity sound waves in a pressurised gas to pump heat from one place to another.  2, record 43, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a novel refrigeration process utilizing acoustic energy to produce heat pumping. The process uses standing acoustic waves in an enclosed cavity to generate the mechanical compression and expansion of a working fluid(gas in this case) needed for the cooling cycle. The technique has the potential for high efficiency operation without the need for cooling liquids or mechanical moving parts.  3, record 43, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Part of the information contained in the English module of this record was provided by students of the Introduction to Terminology and Terminography class, section A, U. of Ottawa, Fall 2004.  4, record 43, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technologie de réfrigération écologique alternative qui refroidit au rythme d'ondes sonores.  2, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frigo écologique. Steve Garrett, un physicien américain [...], [a mis] au point un réfrigérateur thermoacoustique, dans lequel la chaleur est pompée par l'action d'ondes sonores de forte intensité sur un gaz. Découvert au début des années 80, cet effet de réfrigération thermoacoustique a permis à Garrett [...] de construire un premier prototype [...]. L'avantage de ces frigos d'un nouveau type : ils ne font pas appel aux gaz CFC, considérés comme nuisibles pour la couche d'ozone.  1, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains renseignements inclus dans le module français de cette fiche ont été fournis par les étudiants du cours d'Initiation à la terminologie et à la terminographie, section A, U. d'Ottawa, automne 2004.  3, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las máquinas termoacústicas son dispositivos que transforman energía térmica (calor) en potencia acústica (sonido) y viceversa. Existen en el mundo dos ramas principales de estudio en esta disciplina, refrigeración termoacústica y máquinas termoacústicas de presión. Las primeras, como su nombre lo dice, se utilizan como dispositivos de refrigeración con excelentes resultados comerciales, las segundas pretenden sustituir a algunas máquinas de combustión interna.  1, record 43, Spanish, - refrigeraci%C3%B3n%20termoac%C3%BAstica

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gastrotomy-Tube Care.... Potential side effects, e. g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping.(Decompression-the removal of gas in the gastrointestinal tract-is not to be performed on the child beyond briefly removing the cap from the gastric feeding button.  2, record 44, English, - gastric%20feeding%20button

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bouton de gastrostomie de type Mic-Key est un système de support nutritionnel de plus en plus utilisé en pédiatrie pour une alimentation entérale partielle ou totale, ainsi que pour l'administration de médicaments. Outre sa discrétion, il offre l'avantage d'une utilisation simple et indolore, permettant une certaine autonomie de l'enfant et de ses parents.  2, record 44, French, - bouton%20de%20gastrostomie

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bouton de gastrostomie : terme retenu par le réseau Entraide Traduction Santé.  3, record 44, French, - bouton%20de%20gastrostomie

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Thermodynamic diagram whose Cartesian coordinates are potential temperature and p^x(p is the pressure and x is equal to R/C_p=0. 2857, where R is the gas constant for air and C_p, the specific heat of air at constant pressure).  1, record 45, English, - Werenskiold%20diagram

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagramme thermodynamique ayant pour coordonnées cartésiennes la température potentielle et p^x (p est la pression et x égale R/C_p = 0,2857, où R est la constante des gaz pour l'air et C_p, la chaleur massique de l'air à pression constante).  1, record 45, French, - diagramme%20de%20Werenskiold

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diagrama termodinámico cuyas coordenadas cartesianas son la temperatura potencial y p^x (p = presión; x = R/C_p = 0,2857, donde R es la constante de los gases para el aire y C_p, el calor específico del aire a presión constante).  1, record 45, Spanish, - diagrama%20de%20Werenskiold

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Well completion (offshore and offshore) and drilling as well as consulting services for well evaluation and enhancement (oil and gas sector).  2, record 46, English, - well%20enhancement

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A "Stripper Gas Well Enhancement" manual is being developed. This manual will adopt a "how to" approach covering relevant topics, including how to identify the broad well performance category, how to use and apply production type-curves to select remediation candidates, and how to use neural networks to identify root causes of well underperformance.  3, record 46, English, - well%20enhancement

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Stripper Gas Well Enhancement. This project is developing an advanced analytic tool for evaluating the performance of hundreds of wells in an efficient fashion to identify where and how much production enhancement potential exists in a field. Production enhancement opportunities being considered include improved production practices and restimulation. The tool will integrate production statistics, virtual intelligence and type-curves with a customized field database to enable operators to quickly assess and exploit production enhancement opportunities.  4, record 46, English, - well%20enhancement

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The maximum flow rate a well could theoretically deliver with zero pressure at the middle of the perforations.  2, record 47, English, - absolute%20open%20flow%20potential

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The absolute open flow potential of a gas well must be determined by a method approved by the Chief Operations Officer.  3, record 47, English, - absolute%20open%20flow%20potential

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le débit maximal absolu d'un puits de gaz doit être déterminé selon une méthode approuvée par le délégué aux opérations.  1, record 47, French, - d%C3%A9bit%20maximal%20absolu

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A silent non-luminous electrical discharge from a pointed conductor maintained at a potential different from that of the surrounding gas.  2, record 48, English, - point%20discharge

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the atmosphere, trees and other grounded objects with points and protuberances may, in disturbed weather, be sources of point discharge current. Close to a pointed and grounded conductor that extends above surrounding objects, the local electric field strength may be many times greater than that existing at the same level far from the elevated conductor. When this local field reaches such a value that a free electron, finding itself acted upon by this field, can be accelerated (in one mean free path) to a sufficiently high velocity to ionize neutral air molecules, point discharge will begin. Different structures will yield point discharge under quite different gross field conditions, for geometry is critically important. Point discharge is recognized as a major process of charge transfer between electrified clouds and the earth, and is a leading item in the charge balance of the global electrical circuit.  3, record 48, English, - point%20discharge

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Décharge électrique silencieuse et non lumineuse émanant d'un conducteur à pointe maintenu à un potentiel différent de celui du gaz environnant.  2, record 48, French, - effet%20de%20pointe

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors des orages, le champ électrique est inversé par rapport à son état habituel. Sa norme est en moyenne de 10 à 15 kV/m environ. Ce champ peut être fortement modifié par le relief : ce n'est donc qu'une valeur moyenne. Au voisinage des pointes (clochers, arbres, paratonnerres...) le champ peut atteindre des valeurs de l'ordre de 100 kV/m! Cette intensification du champ électrique au voisinage des pointes s'appelle l'effet de pointe.  3, record 48, French, - effet%20de%20pointe

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'atmosphère, les arbres et autres objets mis à la masse et pourvus de pointes et de protubérances peuvent être source de courant de décharge de pointe.  2, record 48, French, - effet%20de%20pointe

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descarga eléctrica silenciosa y no luminosa que procede de un conductor puntiagudo con un potencial distinto al del medio gaseoso que lo rodea.  1, record 48, Spanish, - descarga%20de%20punta

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En la atmósfera, los árboles y otros objetos en contacto con el suelo con puntas o protuberancias pueden ser fuentes de descarga de punta.  1, record 48, Spanish, - descarga%20de%20punta