TERMIUM Plus^®

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The reactor pool is covered by an insulated cover, enclosing a gas space over the pool. The air and water vapour are continuously circulated through a hydrogen recombiner and condenser.  2, record 1, English, - hydrogen%20recombiner

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Appareil autonome qui, afin de prévenir les risques d'explosion, réduit la concentration du dihydrogène présent dans l'atmosphère d'un volume d'air confiné en oxydant ce gaz au moyen d'un catalyseur.  1, record 1, French, - recombineur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

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recombineur d'hydrogène : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 2 février 2023.  2, record 1, French, - recombineur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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In a gas-cooled reactor, the piping connecting the core and the energy conversion system, channeling high-temperature gas.  2, record 2, English, - hot%20leg

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The cycle of sodium through a ... primary loop or a secondary loop typically divides into a "hot leg" and a "cold leg."  3, record 2, English, - hot%20leg

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Le réacteur est à deux boucles, appelées A et B, chaque boucle ayant : - une seule branche chaude alimentant son propre générateur de vapeur (GV) à tubes d'échange droits [...]  3, record 2, French, - branche%20chaude

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Medium Pressure Safety Injection with Accumulators. As with current pressurized water reactors(PWRs), accumulators are required for large loss-of-coolant accidents(LOCAs) to meet the need for higher initial makeup flows to refill the reactor vessel lower plenum and downcomer following RCS blowdown. The gas pressure forces open check valves that normally isolate the accumulators from the RCS. The accumulators are sized to respond to the complete severance of the largest RCS pipe by rapidly refilling the vessel downcomer and lower plenum.  1, record 3, English, - medium%20pressure%20safety%20injection

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L'accident de perte de réfrigérant primaire par petite brèche [...] les injections de secours à moyenne pression (ISMP) environ 6 à 10 MPa, ne sont pas capables de compenser la brèche en liquide, le circuit primaire se vide, ce qui peut conduire au dénoyage du cœur.  1, record 3, French, - inspection%20de%20secours%20%C3%A0%20moyenne%20pression

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The volume of gas obtained in the carbonisation process or gasification process expressed as m³/te (or ft³/ton) of the fuel feed. Reference conditions should be stated.  2, record 4, English, - gas%20yield

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Methane Production Potential. ... In the anaerobic process, a certain amount of gas is produced per pound of volatile solids broken down or destroyed by the bacteria. This is referred to as "gas yield". ... Table 1. Potential gas production of swine, dairy, poultry and beef. ... Gas yield, cu. ft. per lb. volatile solids destroyed.  3, record 4, English, - gas%20yield

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Comparison between the pyrolysis of two types of polyethylenes in a fluidized bed reactor.... Methane, benzene and toluene formation was favored at high residence time. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butene, and pentane cracked to different extents with increasing residence time and/or temperature. Maximum total gas yield obtained at 800°C from branched polyethylene and less branched polyethylene in continuous operation is 91. 8 and 97. 5%, respectively.  4, record 4, English, - gas%20yield

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Volume de gaz obtenu par la carbonisation ou par la gazéification, rapporté à la masse de combustibles mis en œuvre et exprimé en m³/t. Les conditions de référence doivent être indiquées dans chaque cas.  1, record 4, French, - rendement%20en%20gaz

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Volumen de gas obtenido en la carbonización o en la gasificación expresado en m³/T del combustible introducido. Debe indicarse las condiciones en que se mide el gas.  1, record 4, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20gas

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A reactor which uses carbon dioxide as coolant, natural uranium metal as fuel and graphite as moderator.  6, record 5, English, - graphite%2Dmoderated%20gas%2Dcooled%20reactor

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The gas-cooled graphite moderated power reactor is moderated by graphite, and the cooling is achieved by passing large volumes of carbon dioxide through the pile. The hot gas is then passed through a heat exchanger to produce the steam for the turbines in a secondary circuit.  7, record 5, English, - graphite%2Dmoderated%20gas%2Dcooled%20reactor

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graphite-moderated gas-cooled reactor : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'énergie nucléaire” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  8, record 5, English, - graphite%2Dmoderated%20gas%2Dcooled%20reactor

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Réacteur alimenté à l'uranium naturel métallique, refroidi au gaz carbonique et modéré au graphite.  3, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20refroidi%20au%20gaz%20et%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20au%20graphite

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réacteur à réfrigérant gazeux modéré par graphite : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20refroidi%20au%20gaz%20et%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9%20au%20graphite

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A nuclear reactor in which the coolant is a gas, commonly air or carbon dioxide.  3, record 6, English, - gas%2Dcooled%20reactor

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gas-cooled reactor; GCR : term and abbreviation standardized by ISO.  4, record 6, English, - gas%2Dcooled%20reactor

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réacteur à réfrigérant gazeux : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rant%20gazeux

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réacteur à réfrigérant gazeux; réacteur refroidi par gaz : termes extraits du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduits avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  5, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rant%20gazeux

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A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide...  6, record 7, English, - shift%20conversion

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Conversion [...] Procédé de conversion, traitement au rouge de l'oxyde de carbone CO par un excès de vapeur d'eau au contact d'un catalyseur [...] pour la transformer en hydrogène et gaz carbonique.  1, record 7, French, - conversion

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A means of reducing pressure within the containment of a nuclear reactor in the event of an accident, for example, by the condensing of steam and the cooling of gas in water pools, ice condensers, and pebble beds.  1, record 8, English, - pressure%20suppression

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pressure suppression: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 8, English, - pressure%20suppression

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Moyen employé pour réduire la pression dans l'enceinte de confinement d'un réacteur nucléaire en cas d'accident, par exemple par condensation de vapeur et refroidissement du gaz dans des bassins, dans des condenseurs à glace et dans des couches de billes.  1, record 8, French, - suppression%20de%20pression

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suppression de pression : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 8, French, - suppression%20de%20pression

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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Villermaux(1982) performed a systematic study of gas and solid reactions which can also be used to categorize the pyrolysis process.... To sum up :(1) Liquid is best produced using a transported bed reactor with low temperature, high heating rate, and short residence time.(2) Charcoal is produced by use of stacking kilns, multiple hearth kilns, rotary kilns with low temperature and heating rate, and long residence time.(3) Gas is produced by means of fluidized bed, circulating bed and even cyclone reactors, with high temperature and heating rate.  1, record 9, English, - cyclone%20reactor

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Types de réacteurs. Pour les procédés de gazéification et de pyrolyse les réacteurs industriels permettant les réactions entre une phase gazeuse et une phase solide peuvent être classés en 3 catégories - réacteurs à lits empilés (...) réacteurs à lits fluidisés (...) - réacteurs à lits transportés, lits tombants, réacteurs cyclones. Ils traitent des particules de diamètres variant de 10[indice]-2 à 1 mm avec des temps de séjour de 1 à 10₂ secondes. Ce type de réacteur conviendrait à la mise en œuvre des réactions de pyrolyse éclair qui nécessitent un chauffage brutal des particules solides et une trempe rapide des produits gazeux pour obtenir des hydrocarbures non saturés.  2, record 9, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20cyclone

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Le procédé de chauffage de particules de bois en lit fluidisé avec solides ou gaz caloporteurs paraît le plus prometteur. Il se rapproche des procédés de gazéification que nous verrons dans le chapitre suivant. Le réacteur cyclone peut être utilement mis en œuvre avec un mélange gaz-solide entrant tangentiellement dans le réacteur; les particules de bois sont alors plaquées par force centrifuge sur les parois chauffées. Le réacteur cyclone pourrait être préférable au lit fluidisé si l'engorgement ne se produit pas à charge élevée.  3, record 9, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20cyclone

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Gas-solid cocurrent downflow(downer) reactors offer many advantages over gas-solid cocurrent upflow(riser) reactors, such as better gas-solids contact efficiency, more uniform gas and solids residence time distributions and the potential capability of handling higher solids-gas loading ratios. These features make the downer an excellent reactor for fast reactions and especially for fast reactions where the intermediate is the product. This new type of reactor has so far not been well developed but has huge potential for many industrial processes such as fluid catalytic cracking of crude oil where further improvement in the gas-solids contact efficiency will lead to significant economic gains, pyrolysis of some solids waste into valuable organic products which provides a more energy efficient alternative to waste incineration...  1, record 10, English, - cocurrent%20downflow%20reactor

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Réacteurs chimiques. [...] Techniques de mise en œuvre. [...] Dans le cas où deux phases fluides (gaz et liquide) doivent être mises en œuvre, l'écoulement à travers le lit catalytique fixe peut se faire de diverses manières : à cocourant descendant [...], à cocourant ascendant, à contre-courant. Le cocourant descendant est la technologie la plus souvent utilisée, car la plus facile à mettre en œuvre. [...] l'efficacité des lits fixes avec écoulement biphasique à cocourant descendant dépend essentiellement de la distribution de la phase liquide au sommet du lit de catalyseur.  2, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20descendant

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Réacteur tubulaire. [...] La circulation des fluides à cocourant descendant est celle qui est généralement utilisée; ce type d'écoulement a l'avantage vis-à-vis du cocourant ascendant de ne pas poser de problèmes quant à la fixation du lit catalytique. De plus, les performances avec un cocourant descendant sembleraient légèrement supérieures à celles obtenues avec un cocourant ascendant.  3, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20cocourant%20descendant

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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The liquid amalgam is removed from the electrolytic cell to a separate reactor, called the decomposer or denuder, where it reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst to form the sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.  1, record 11, English, - denuder

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[Dans la cellule électrolytique à cathode de mercure], le mercure joue un rôle de cathode : étant donné que la surtension du gaz hydrogène est beaucoup plus élevée avec une électrode de mercure, il y a réduction de Na⁺ et non de H₂O. Le sodium ainsi produit est dissous dans le mercure, ce qui forme un amalgame qu'une pompe achemine vers un décomposeur, où le sodium dissous réagit avec l'eau pour produire de l'hydrogène [...] On peut, à partir de la solution aqueuse, récupérer du NaOH [hydroxyde de sodium] solide relativement pur; le mercure régénéré, quant à lui, retourne à la cellule électrolytique.  1, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9composeur

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En el proceso de celda de mercurio, éste actúa como cátodo en el cual se produce una amalgama con sodio y en el ánodo se depositan iones de cloro. Además, se desprende cloro en estado gaseoso. Posteriormente, en un reactor separado llamado descompositor [...], la amalgama de sodio reacciona con agua y se produce hidrógeno en estado gaseoso y solución de sosa cáustica al 50% con poco contenido de cloruro de sodio.  1, record 11, Spanish, - descompositor

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The liquid or gas discharged from a process or chemical reactor, usually containing residues from that process.  2, record 12, English, - effluent

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Liquide ou gaz à la sortie d’un processus ou d’un réacteur chimique qui contient en général les résidus de ce processus.  2, record 12, French, - effluent

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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A reactor in which the moderator is heavy water.  6, record 13, English, - heavy%2Dwater%20reactor

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The coolant may be gas("heavy-water-moderated, gas-cooled reactor"), light water("heavy-water-moderated, boiling light-water-cooled reactor" or "steam-generating heavy-water reactor"), or heavy-water("pressurised heavy-water-moderated and cooled reactor").  6, record 13, English, - heavy%2Dwater%20reactor

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heavy-water reactor: term standardized by ISO.  7, record 13, English, - heavy%2Dwater%20reactor

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Réacteur qui utilise de l'eau lourde comme modérateur.  4, record 13, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20eau%20lourde

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réacteur à eau lourde : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 13, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20eau%20lourde

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A neutron flux measurement installation for liquid-cooled nuclear reactors comprising in combination a stationary neutron detection chamber beneath the reactor vessel containing the coolant liquid and the reactor core made up of vertically insertable fuel assemblies in juxtaposed relation, and a tubular enclosure containing an inert gas enclosure being vertically above the detection chamber and extending downwards from the reactor core to the immediate vicinity of the internal wall of reactor vessel, the tubular enclosure being removable and having within the reactor core an external shape corresponding to the shape of fuel assemblies and occupying a compartment defined by the adjacent fuel.  1, record 14, English, - detection%20chamber

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Mesure bêta. Le principe de piégeage pour la mesure des aérosols bêta est similaire à celui utilisé pour la capture des aérosols émetteurs alpha. Néanmoins, les particules bêta ont un parcours dans l’air beaucoup plus important pouvant atteindre plusieurs mètres pour certains émetteurs. Les phénomènes d’absorption dans le filtre et dans l’air séparant le filtre du détecteur ne sont donc pas autant cruciaux que dans le cas de la détection des particules alpha. En revanche, la détection des particules bêta est très sensible au rayonnement gamma, car ce dernier peut déclencher au niveau de la chambre de détection les mêmes phénomènes électriques qu’une particule bêta.  2, record 14, French, - chambre%20de%20d%C3%A9tection

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A form of rocket propulsion which uses the heat from a nuclear reactor to vaporise a propellant(typically liquid hydrogen), the resultant gas being ejected from a nozzle to produce thrust in the same manner as a chemical propulsion system.  2, record 15, English, - nuclear%20propulsion

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Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that use some form of nuclear reaction as their primary power source.  3, record 15, English, - nuclear%20propulsion

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Mode de propulsion à réaction utilisant l'énergie produite par une réaction nucléaire.  2, record 15, French, - propulsion%20nucl%C3%A9aire

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La propulsion nucléaire est la technique d'utilisation de l'énergie nucléaire pour obtenir une propulsion spatiale plus puissante ou plus efficace.  3, record 15, French, - propulsion%20nucl%C3%A9aire

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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The shape and size of the pellets differs for different reactors but in the U. K. there are only 2 different designs. Solid pellets are used in most PWRs [pressurized water reactor] and annular pellets are used in AGRs [advanced gas reactor]. Annular pellets have a cylindrical hole running through the centre of the pellet and thus require a retractable pin in the press. The purpose of this hole is to accommodate distortions in the fuel and fission gasses formed in the reactor. Once the pellets have been pressed, they are sintered at 1750°C in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen...  1, record 16, English, - annular%20pellet

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[Conception des combustibles REP] Les pastilles [...] représentent la partie active du combustible. Ce sont des petits cylindres - diamètre variant selon les conceptions de 8 à 10 mm et hauteur de 10 à 15 mm - obtenus par pressage et frittage de poudre d'oxyde d'uranium UO₂ [...] Ces pastilles sont généralement pleines, sauf dans les réacteurs VVER où elles peuvent comporter un trou central (pastilles annulaires).  1, record 16, French, - pastille%20annulaire

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Traces of impurities in the fluid to which the catalyst is exposed can adsorb at the active sites and reduce or eliminate catalytic activity. This is called poisoning and the effective impurity is called a poison.  3, record 17, English, - poisoning

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In many cases, the reformate is then sent to another reactor to remove impurities, such as carbon oxides or sulfur, before it is sent to the fuel cell stack. This prevents impurities in the gas from binding with the fuel cell catalysts. This binding process is also called "poisoning" since it reduces the efficiency and life expectancy of the fuel cell.  2, record 17, English, - poisoning

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Des traces d'impuretés dans le liquide auquel le catalyseur est exposé peuvent être adsorbées sur les sites actifs et réduire ou éliminer l'activité catalytique. Ce phénomène se nomme empoisonnement et l'impureté qui la produit est un poison.  2, record 17, French, - empoisonnement

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The FIOR(Fluid Iron Ore Reduction) process is an example of direct reduction process. The process reduces iron ore fines as the fines are gravity-fed through each reactor in a series of fluid bed reactors. The fines are reduced by compressed reducing gas that enters the bottom of the lowest reactor in the series and flows counter-current to the downward movement of fines.  1, record 18, English, - fluid%20iron%20ore%20reduction

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Procédé et installation de traitement améliorés de réduction de minerai de fer en lit fluidisé permettant de réduire des fines de minerai de fer brut sous forme de briquettes métallisées à 90+ %.  1, record 18, French, - r%C3%A9duction%20de%20minerai%20de%20fer%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

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En 1976, une nouvelle technologie appelée FIOR fut mise au point, basée sur la réduction des fines de minerai en fer métallique, par passage dans une cascade de réacteurs à lit fluidisé.  2, record 18, French, - r%C3%A9duction%20de%20minerai%20de%20fer%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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Method and device for detecting a leak from a fuel element of an assembly for a nuclear reactor. The detection of the defective fuel assemblies may be effected under water in the pool, by acoustic, ultrasonic or eddy current methods of measurement. It is also possible to use cells called sipping test containers in which the release of radioactive products by the fuel assembly is promoted, these radioactive products being subsequently carried away by the water or a gas into a unit enabling them to be detected.  1, record 19, English, - sipping%20test%20container

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Dans le cas d'un combustible nucléaire, le ressuage d'un gaz (généralement un produit de fission gazeux) permet de détecter des assemblages contenant des crayons non étanches. Cette opération est effectuée dans une cellule spéciale (cellule de ressuage) disposée soit dans la piscine du réacteur (dans le cas des Rep [réacteurs à eau pressurisée]), soit à l'entrée de l'usine du traitement des combustibles usés.  2, record 19, French, - cellule%20de%20ressuage

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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[Nuclear Gas Turbines] Fuel type... The fuel load is contained in a ’cartridge’ co(nuclear grade) vessel filled with fuel elements to be described further on. This cartridge is placed in a thick walled graphite vessel that is a fixed part of the reactor system; this vessel acts as a neutron reflector enabling the sustaining of the chain reaction.  1, record 20, English, - cartridge

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Cartouche d'éléments du combustible graphite.  1, record 20, French, - cartouche

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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High Temperature Reactor(HTR). A nuclear reactor moderated by graphite and cooled by gas(helium). Can be refuelled without shut down(on load refuelling-OLR). The high temperature of the coolant results in a better thermodynamic efficiency.  4, record 21, English, - modular%20HTR

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[...] le HTR modulaire [...] doit son nom à la possibilité qu'il offre de constituer une centrale avec un nombre de modules adapté aux besoins du moment. Quatre modules placés côte à côte constituent une centrale standard.  2, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20haute%20temp%C3%A9rature

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The International Reactor Innovative and Secure(IRIS) reactor is a new, pressurized water-cooled nuclear power reactor design... Two potential Integrated Primary System Reactor(IPSR) pressurizer designs are being analyzed for this research project : a steam pressurizer, and a nitrogen gas pressurizer. These two integral pressurizer designs differ from most conventional types, because they incorporate a much larger interface more closely coupled to the reactor primary system.  1, record 22, English, - Integrated%20Primary%20System%20Reactor

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Integrated Modular Water Reactor (IMR) is an integrated primary system reactor being developed by a Japanese consortium. IMR is primarily designed to supply electric power through a power grid with unit output of 350MWe. In this paper, the outline of the IMR concept and the current development status is presented.  2, record 22, English, - Integrated%20Primary%20System%20Reactor

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One of the main objectives of the GCFR project is to contribute towards the development of the 50 MW Experimental Test and Demonstration Reactor(ETDR), which is designed to be the first gas cooled fast reactor to be constructed. The ETDR will be fuelled initially with "traditional" fast reactor MOX fuel in stainless cladding and will progressively test advanced GCFR fuels including dense(carbide/nitride) fuels contained in a ceramic matrix.  1, record 23, English, - Experimental%20Test%20and%20Demonstration%20Reactor

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[...] réacteur rapide gaz [mis au point par le Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA]) dédié essentiellement à la qualification du combustible [...]  1, record 23, French, - R%C3%A9acteur%20Exp%C3%A9rimental%20de%20D%C3%A9monstration%20Technologique

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le REDT est un réacteur expérimental de petite puissance (30-50 MWth) conçu pour qualifier en conditions représentatives les combustibles, matériaux et autres technologies spécifiques du GFR, ainsi que pour en tester les principes de sûreté et les systèmes associés.  3, record 23, French, - R%C3%A9acteur%20Exp%C3%A9rimental%20de%20D%C3%A9monstration%20Technologique

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The possible mechanisms for the fuel rod growth such as stress-free rod growth due to fast neutron irradiation, the rod growth due to clad creep-down by the pressure difference between the rod internal gas pressure and the reactor coolant system pressure, and the rod growth due to pellet-clad mechanical interaction, have been evaluated.  1, record 24, English, - fuel%20rod%20growth

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Accelerator-Based Irradiation Creep of Pyrolytic Carbon Used in TRISO Fuel Particles for the VHTR [very high temperature reactor]. Pyrolytic carbon(PyC) is used as one of the structural materials for the TRISO fuel particles in the next generation of gas cooled Very-High-Temperature Reactors(VHTR). Creep of pyrocarbon layers in the TRISO particles under irradiation can be significantly anisotropic via carbon atom displacements despite the original isotropic nature of the PyC film.  1, record 25, English, - irradiation%20creep

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les contraintes de tension dans les couches de pyrocarbone sont générées par un chargement de type «déformation imposée» et sont de ce fait partiellement relaxées par l'effet du fluage d'irradiation. Cette relaxation limite le niveau de contrainte dans les couches de pyrocarbone, évitant ainsi leur rupture prématurée en début d'irradiation.  1, record 25, French, - fluage%20d%27irradiation

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The helium gas used to fill the space above the moderator [of the CANDU reactor] [and] to transport volatile D2 gas formed by radiolytic disassociation and recombine it with oxygen.  1, record 26, English, - cover%20gas

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz hélium qui remplit l'espace au-dessus du modérateur.  2, record 26, French, - gaz%20de%20couverture

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nuclear reactor in which the fuel has been given the properties of a quasifluid, such as by suspension of fine fuel particles in a carrying gas or liquid. Also known as fluidized-bed reactor.  1, record 27, English, - fluidized%20reactor

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Described herein is a process and an apparatus for polymerizing propylene. The process comprises carrying out the polymerization in at least one slurry reactor and at least one gas phase reactor without recycling unreacted monomers to the slurry reactor.  2, record 28, English, - gas%2Dphase%20reactor

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used to make linear low-density polyethylene.  1, record 28, English, - gas%2Dphase%20reactor

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif qui permettent de polymériser le propylène. Selon le procédé, on effectue la polymérisation dans au moins un réacteur à combustible en suspension et au moins un réacteur à phase gazeuse, pratiquement sans faire recirculer les monomères n'ayant pas réagi dans le réacteur à combustible en suspension.  1, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20en%20phase%20gazeuse

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A process for the copolymerisation of ethylene and an alpha-olefin having 7 to 10 carbon atoms in a fluidised bed gas phase reactor in the presence of a single site polymerisation catalyst...  2, record 29, English, - gas%2Dphase%20fluidized%20bed%20reactor

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used to make linear low-density polyethylene.  1, record 29, English, - gas%2Dphase%20fluidized%20bed%20reactor

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'invention concerne un procédé de copolymérisation d'éthylène et d'alpha-oléfine présentant 7 à 10 atomes de carbone dans un réacteur en phase gazeuse à lit fluidisé, en présence d'un catalyseur de polymérisation isolé.  1, record 29, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20en%20phase%20gazeuse%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pre-combustion capture involves reacting a fuel with oxygen or air and/or steam to give mainly a 'synthesis gas(syngas) ’or ’fuel gas’ composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide is reacted with steam in a catalytic reactor, called a shift converter, to give CO₂ and more hydrogen. CO₂ is then separated, usually by a physical or chemical absorption process, resulting in a hydrogen-rich fuel whith can be used in many applications, such as boilers, furnaces, gas turbines, engines and fuel cells.  3, record 30, English, - precombustion%20capture

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la capture pré-combustion permet d'extraire le CO₂ à la source en transformant, avant usage, le combustible fossile en un gaz de synthèse. Dans tous les cas, le gaz capturé est déshydraté et comprimé pour être transporté vers son lieu de stockage par pipeline, dont le réseau reste à construire, ou par bateau.  3, record 30, French, - capture%20pr%C3%A9combustion

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Institute of Gas Technology(IGT) Hygas process for the hydrogasification of coal is tailored to maximize the direct production of methane in the hydrogasification reactor by the use of high temperature... and high pressure...  1, record 31, English, - Hygas%20process

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Hygas de l'Institute of Gas Technology de Chicago (IGT). [...] Il est du type d'hydrogazéification [...] on favorise la production directe du méthane en opérant sous pression très élevée et à température élevée.  1, record 31, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hygas

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The three types of catalytic cracking processes are fluid catalytic cracking(FCC), moving-bed catalytic cracking, and Thermofor catalytic cracking(TCC).... In a typical Thermofor catalytic cracking unit, the preheated feedstock flows by gravity through the catalytic reactor bed. The vapors are separated from the catalyst and sent to a fractionating tower. The spent catalyst is regenerated, cooled, and recycled. The flue gas from regeneration is sent to a carbon-monoxide boiler for heat recovery.  3, record 32, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the early 1940s, Mobil commercialized a moving bed process called Thermofor Catalytic Cracking (TCC) and a new synthetic catalyst, which provided high octane aviation fuel for the Allied air effort throughout World War II.  4, record 32, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

TCCU [Thermofor catalytic cracking unit].  5, record 32, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Thermofor catalytic cracking» : dénomination d'un procédé de craquage catalytique à catalyseur mobile.  3, record 32, French, - craquage%20catalytique%20Thermofor

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Unité TCC.  2, record 32, French, - craquage%20catalytique%20Thermofor

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In nuclear thermal propulsion, a propellant gas is heated as it flows through the core of a nuclear reactor and is then expanded and expelled through a rocket nozzle. The reactor core can be a solid(e. g., uranium carbide particles in a graphite matrix or uranium nitride in a ceramic matrix), liquid, or a gas/plasma. The last two approaches can produce much higher propellant temperatures, resulting in higher specific impulse and greater rocket efficiency.  2, record 34, English, - nuclear%2Dthermal%20propulsion

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de propulsion nucléaire dans lequel l'énergie produite sert à porter un agent propulsif à très haute température.  2, record 34, French, - propulsion%20nucl%C3%A9othermique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The three types of catalytic cracking processes are fluid catalytic cracking(FCC), moving-bed catalytic cracking, and Thermofor catalytic cracking(TCC).... In a typical Thermofor catalytic cracking unit, the preheated feedstock flows by gravity through the catalytic reactor bed. The vapors are separated from the catalyst and sent to a fractionating tower. The spent catalyst is regenerated, cooled, and recycled. The flue gas from regeneration is sent to a carbon-monoxide boiler for heat recovery.  4, record 35, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking%20unit

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hyundai, recently undertaking the civil engineering role in building a chemical plant for a Petron TCCU [Thermofor catalytic cracking unit] & MX [mixed xylene] project, also plans to actively take part in the construction of other Philippine chemical plants.  5, record 35, English, - Thermofor%20catalytic%20cracking%20unit

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Thermofor catalytic cracking» : dénomination d'un procédé de craquage catalytique à catalyseur mobile.  3, record 35, French, - unit%C3%A9%20TCC

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Revamping [sic : modernisation] de l'unité TCC («Thermofor Catalytic Cracking»): importants travaux de modification de l'unité en vue de moderniser et de sécuriser son fonctionnement et d'améliorer ses performances.  1, record 35, French, - unit%C3%A9%20TCC

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the earth’s crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member. ... Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide. ... Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and esters, and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may be used to improve the structure of certain alloys, to descale metal, to purify molten metals, and as a heat transfer agent. ... Seventeen isotopes of sodium are recognized. Metallic sodium is, [on] a volume basis, the cheapest of all metals. Sodium metal should be handled with great care.  4, record 36, English, - metallic%20sodium

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... Argonne's technology can successfully prepare for disposal some 60 tons of "sodium-bonded" fuel stored at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory(INEEL). This experimental reactor fuel contains metallic sodium, a highly chemically reactive material that presents disposal challenges. For example, metallic sodium reacts with water to produce explosive hydrogen gas and corrosive sodium hydroxide, both of which could create problems in a deep underground repository...  5, record 36, English, - metallic%20sodium

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two other heat-treating processes applied in sludge incineration are the flash-drying incineration system and the fluidized bed reactor. Flash drying involves pulverizing wet sludge cake with recycled dried solids in a cage mill. Hot gases from the incinerating furnace suspend the dispersed sludge particles up into a pipe duct where they are dried. A cyclone separator removes the dried solids from the moisture-laden hot gas which is returned to the furnace.  3, record 37, English, - flash%20drying

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] sous le nom de "flash roasting" (qu'on peut traduire par grillage éclair), on désigne la technique de Freeman [...] qui consiste à brûler littéralement la pyrite finement pulvérisée.  3, record 37, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20%C3%A9clair

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eliminación del agua de un lodo de depuradora por tratamiento a una temperatura muy elevada.  1, record 37, Spanish, - secado%20flash

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of a horizontal epitaxial reactor that covers the susceptor holding wafers about to undergo the epitaxial process. During this process, gas flows across the top of the quartz epitaxial tube, as in an oxidation furnace.(See Epitaxial Reactors).  1, record 38, English, - epitaxial%20tube

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gas-solid cocurrent downflow(downer) reactors offer many advantages over gas-solid cocurrent upflow(riser) reactors, such as better gas-solids contact efficiency, more uniform gas and solids residence time distributions and the potential capability of handling higher solids-gas loading ratios. These features make the downer an excellent reactor for fast reactions and especially for fast reactions where the intermediate is the product. This new type of reactor has so far not been well developed but has huge potential for many industrial processes such as fluid catalytic cracking of crude oil where further improvement in the gas-solids contact efficiency will lead to significant economic gains, pyrolysis of some solids waste into valuable organic products which provides a more energy efficient alternative to waste incineration...  1, record 39, English, - gas%2Dsolid%20reactor

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par analogie avec «réacteur gaz-liquide» : Techniques de l'ingénieur (source TECHN, 1993, volume J3, fascicule numéro 4020, page 13) et avec «réacteur liquide-liquide» : idem page 18.  1, record 39, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20gaz%2Dsolide

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vaporized contaminants are removed from the reactor using a sweep gas with low oxygen content to prevent oxidation(combustion and explosion).  1, record 40, English, - sweep%20gas

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les contaminants vaporisés sont extraits du réacteur en utilisant un gaz d'entraînement pauvre en oxygène pour prévenir une oxydation (combustion et explosion).  1, record 40, French, - gaz%20d%27entra%C3%AEnement

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A reactor that consists of a gas-tight chamber constructed of bricks, stone or poured concrete... there is an inspection plug at the top of the digester to facilitate cleaning, and the gas outlet pipe exists from the inspection cover... More than five million biodigesters have been built in China and are functioning well(FAO, 1992) but, unfortunately, the technology has not been so popular outside China.  1, record 41, English, - fixed%20dome%20biodigester

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... other heat-treating processes applied in sludge incineration are the flash drying incineration system and the fluidized bed reactor... A fluidized bed reactor uses a sand bed which is kept in fluid condition by an upflow of air, as a heat reservoir to promote uniform combustion of sludge solids. The bed is preheated to approximately 122 °F by using fuel oil or gas. When sludge cake is introduced, rapid combustion occurs maintaining an operating temperature of about 1500 °F.  1, record 42, English, - fluidized%20bed%20reactor

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four ne comportant pratiquement aucun organe mécanique en mouvement en contact avec les gaz chauds. Il permet une totale désodorisation des fumées mais au prix d'une perte de chaleur sensible non négligeable.  2, record 42, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le] principe du four à lit fluidisé [...] consiste à introduire les boues dans un lit de matériau auxiliaire, généralement du sable, porté à une température de 700 à 800 degrés C et tenu en suspension (ou fluidisé) par un courant d'air ascendant injecté à sa base [...] Les matières boueuses introduites sont maintenues dans le four pendant un temps bref mais suffisant pour le séchage immédiat et la calcination.  3, record 42, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Horno de operación más compleja que el horno de piso pero que necesita menor espacio y menor consumo de combustible.  1, record 42, Spanish, - horno%20de%20lecho%20fluidificado

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reactor in which agitation and gas absorption are achieved by recirculation of the broth with reinjection into the main fermenter vessel under pressure.  2, record 43, English, - jet%20loop%20reactor

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de réacteur dans lequel l'agitation au sein de liquides se fait à l'aide de pompes.  2, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20jet%20et%20%C3%A0%20boucle%20de%20circulation

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par exemple, en les prélevant à la base d'une cuve pour les y réinjecter à grande vitesse. Ce jet liquide, utilisable pour l'agitation des réacteurs anaérobies peut être associé à un dispositif d'introduction de gaz dans le cas des réacteurs aérobies. Ce mécanisme, impliquant une circulation du fluide en fermentation dans une canalisation externe au réacteur, sur laquelle se trouve la pompe, est, dans certains cas, adapté sur un fermenteur à circulation interne. Dans tous les cas, il s'agit de réacteurs à jet et à boucle de circulation.  2, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20jet%20et%20%C3%A0%20boucle%20de%20circulation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retort technology... charcoal processes... The Lambiotte continuous carbonization process is related to the multi-stage type reactor.... Wood is fed continuously through a vertical cylinder into a retort. There, it undergoes three different treatments, moving slowly down to the bottom of the retort. In the first, it is dried, in the second, the charcoal process takes place, and in the third, charcoal is cooled. For the drying stage, pyroligneous gases are removed from the carbonization zone and fanned to the drying zone where they burn with a controlled supply of air. For the cooling stage, gases are removed from under the carbonization stage, where tars have been cracked, and reinjected at the bottom of the retort after having crossed a water cooled system. The sufficiently cooled charcoal is extracted from the bottom of the retort. The level of raw material inside the retort is kept at the maximum height possible. The excess of gas(50%) is generally flared off but can be directed through a by-product recovery system as for the Sific process. The process is fully automated.  1, record 45, English, - Lambiotte%20continuous%20carbonization%20process

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé Lambiotte représente sans doute la technique la plus perfectionnée de pyrolyse du bois. Il opère en continu avec circulation externe de gaz de chauffage [...] Les gaz, au contraire du procédé Reichert, circulent en montant à contre-courant du bois. Il y a une zone de séchage et préchauffage, une zone de carbonisation exothermique puis une zone de refroidissement. Les gaz qui s'échappent par le haut sont refroidis, condensés, lavés. Les calories du charbon de bois sont en partie récupérées et le bilan matière comme le bilan énergétique sont particulièrement bien calculés dans ce procédé. Il faut toutefois utiliser du bois bien sec pour consommer le minimum de chauffage et d'énergie électrique (ventilateurs).  1, record 45, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lambiotte

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Process reactor configurations for pyrolysis.... Stacked beds(crossed by gas) : Fixed... Moving(Moving belt... Blast furnace)... Stirred(Moving hearth and multihearth furnace... Rotary kilns) Vibrated and pulsated....  2, record 46, English, - stacked%20beds%20reactor

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Types de réacteurs. Pour les procédés de gazéification et de pyrolyse les réacteurs industriels permettant les réactions entre une phase gazeuse et une phase solide peuvent être classés en 3 catégories - réacteurs à lits empilés, lits fixes, bandes transporteuses, fours multiétages, fours rotatifs ... Ces dispositifs parmi lesquels on trouve les gazogènes classiques opèrent avec des diamètres de particules compris entre 10[indice]-2 et 10₂ mm et des temps de séjour de solide variant entre 10₃ et 10₅ secondes. - réacteurs à lits fluidisés (...) réacteurs à lits transportés (...)  1, record 46, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20lits%20empil%C3%A9s

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Villermaux(1982) performed a systematic study of gas and solid reactions which can also be used to categorize the pyrolysis process.... To sum up :(1) Liquid is best produced using a transported bed reactor with low temperature, high heating rate, and short residence time.(2) Charcoal is produced by use of stacking kilns, multiple hearth kilns, rotary kilns with low temperature and heating rate, and long residence time.(3) Gas is produced by means of fluidized bed, circulating bed and even cyclone reactors, with high temperature and heating rate.  1, record 47, English, - multiple%20hearth%20kiln

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif utilisé en pyrolyse du bois et dans lequel la production du charbon s'effectue grâce à des étages multiples.  2, record 47, French, - four%20multi%C3%A9tages

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Types de réacteurs. Pour les procédés de gazéification et de pyrolyse les réacteurs industriels permettant les réactions entre une phase gazeuse et une phase solide peuvent être classés en 3 catégories - réacteurs à lits empilés, lits fixes, bandes transporteuses, fours multiétages, fours rotatifs .... Ces dispositifs parmi lesquels on trouve les gazogènes classiques opèrent avec des diamètres de particules compris entre 10[indice]-2 et 10₂ mm et des temps de séjour de solide variant entre 10₃ et 10₅ secondes. (...) réacteurs à lits fluidisés (...) réacteurs à lits transportés (...)  1, record 47, French, - four%20multi%C3%A9tages

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasifier systems used or proposed for biomass are primarily oxygen-or steam-fluidized bed units which produce synthesis gas and superheated steam. The synthesis gas is taken to a shift reactor where the carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide and the gases are scrubbed to remove the carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide(if any) and water vapour prior to application to a catalyst bed where the methanol is formed.  2, record 48, English, - shift%20reactor

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

shift conversion : A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide....  3, record 48, English, - shift%20reactor

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

High-Consistency System. Figure 11-18 shows a representative system where pulp is handled in the 25% to 28% consistency range. Typically, a press is used to raise the feed consistency to about 30%. Fresh caustic or oxidized white liquor along with the magnesium protector is added to the pulp at the discharge of the press. A thick stock pump then transfers the pulp to a fluffer via a feed pipe in which a gas-tight plug is formed. The fluffed pulp flows down the pressurized reactor as a loose bed, while gaseous oxygen is continuously dissolved into the liquid phase and reacted with the pulp.... Oxygen gas is added to either top or bottom to maintain a partial pressure within the 90 to 130 psi range. Relief is taken from the head space at the top of the tower to remove combustibles and other noncondensible gases, and control overall reactor pressure. At the bottom of the tower, the reacted pulp is diluted with post-oxygen filtrate and pumped at about 6% consistency to a blow tank.  2, record 49, English, - high%2Dconsistency%20oxygen%20delignification

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A representative medium-consistency system is shown in Figure 11-19. Pulp from a brown stock washer or decker at about 10-14% consistency is charged with caustic or oxidized white liquor. It is then preheated in a low-pressure steam mixer and pumped through one or more medium-consistency gas mixers to an upflow pressurized reaction tower. Steam and oxygen are added upstream of the medium-consistency mixer or are added directly into it. The reactor bottom may be hemispherical or conical, and the top is equipped with a discharger.... The stock is depressurized through a separator where steam is flashed and small amounts of by-product gases, oxygen and other noncondensibles are released.  1, record 50, English, - medium%2Dconsistency%20oxygen%20delignification

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conventional pyrolysis is typically characterized by a slow feedstock heating rate(less than 2 °C/s), low temperatures(less than 500 °C) and relatively long gas and solids residence times(greater than 5 s for the gas; solids residence times can be minutes, hours or days in duration). Tar and char are the primary products due to slow devolatilization of the feedstock, and the secondary coking and polymerization(recombination) reactions which are allowed to occur in the reactor after primary pyrolysis has taken place.  3, record 51, English, - conventional%20pyrolysis

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) carbonisation conventionnelle dont l'objectif est la production de charbon végétal.  3, record 51, French, - pyrolyse%20lente

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

spouted bed gasifier.... a single-chamber air-fed gasifier operated on a cyclical basis, to yield a high calorific-value gas essentially uncontaminated by carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Wood chips or wood pellets are fed on top of a bed of hot sand in the reactor, and are then mixed by spouting the bed using steam. Some gasification occurs during this phase, but most takes place during the ensuing "cooking" phase during which the bed is static. When the temperature has fallen to a suitably low value air is admitted to burn the char and raise the temperature of the sand to its original value. Wood is then added to begin a new cycle.  1, record 52, English, - spouted%2Dbed%20gasifier

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Lit fluidisé avec giclage», tiré des Actes du colloque franco-québécois sur l'énergie des biomasses, 15-16 octobre 1979.  2, record 52, French, - gaz%C3%A9ificateur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20%C3%A0%20surface%20inclin%C3%A9e

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reactor where pyrolysis is carried out.  2, record 53, English, - pyrolysis%20reactor

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pyrolysis reactor consists of a vertical steel tube, 30 cm in length and 4 cm in diameter. The reactor is surrounded by a tube furnace which can be moved vertically by means of a motor.... The gas from the reactor is withdrawn through the bottom of the reactor via an electrically heated tube.  1, record 53, English, - pyrolysis%20reactor

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réacteur de gazéification utilisé pour effectuer une pyrolyse.  1, record 53, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20de%20pyrolyse

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reactors. The most widely applied reactors for gasification of biomass are the moving bed types and the fluidized bed types.... Moving bed-counter current. The moving bed reactor is a vertical shaft through which the biomass flows slowly downwards as a packed bed. The reactor has a gastight feeding system at the top and an ash removal system at the bottom. The moving bed reactor is used for biomass having dimensions of 1 to 10 cm. Three sub-types can be distinguished : cocurrent, countercurrent and cross-current reactors. The countercurrent moving bed gasifier is the most simple reactor type. The gas, produced in the reduction zone, leaves the reactor together with the pyrolysis products and the steam from the drying zone. The producer gas is rich in hydrocarbons and it has a temperature of about 400°C. The gas can be used for direct heating purposes. If it is to be used for electricity generation by internal combustion engines, it has to be cleaned thoroughly.  2, record 54, English, - countercurrent%20moving%20bed%20reactor

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) réacteurs (...) dans lesquels les flux d'alimentation et de sortie circulent en sens inverse de part et d'autre de la membrane, [et qui] réalisent simultanément la catalyse enzymatique et la purification du produit.  1, record 54, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) les supports membranaires peuvent équiper des réacteurs de conceptions technologiques très diverses. Dans certains cas, la membrane constitue une simple barrière physique retenant les macromolécules dans le compartiment réactionnel : c'est le principe des membranes d'infiltration utilisées pour récupérer le biocatalyseur dans les réacteurs agités (...)  1, record 54, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrolysis with Hydrogen Chloride Gas.... A variation of the use of concentrated hydrochloric acid combined with hydrogen chloride is the process of Hereng. Here, wood chips are impregnated with 30% hydrochloric acid in a mixer and then transferred by a conveyor into the reactor. Because the chips are not predried, the acid concentration in them is reduced to 20%. The reactor consists of a hexagonal upright vessel equipped with numerous inclined trays. The impregnated wood is moved from the top toward the bottom by means of a vibrator and thus the prehydrolysis is completed after 45 minutes. The acid, containing chiefly pentoses, is filtered off and part of it is returned to the mixer. In this way, the sugar concentration in the prehydrolyzate is increased to about 20% to 25%. In a second step, the material, which has again been mixed with 30% hydrochloric acid, is passed through the reactor and hydrogen chloride gas is injected at the bottom in a countercurrent. In this way, the acid concentration is increased to 40% to 41% or more. The hydrolyzed material is conveyed from the bottom of the reactor to a drying chamber and is dried there with anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas which has previously been passed through a calcium chloride solution. The hydrolyzed material, consisting of lignin and sugar, is extracted with water and the sugar solution is subjected to a posthydrolysis.  1, record 55, English, - Hereng%20process

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs pays continuent à faire des recherches pour améliorer l'hydrolyse chimique. Le procédé Hereng utilisant l'acide chlorhydrique gazeux permet d'atteindre un meilleur rendement en sucre et de récupérer l'acide.  1, record 55, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hereng

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pyrolysis which is accomplished in water.  2, record 56, English, - aqueous%20pyrolysis

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The use of biomass as a feedstock for the production of energy and chemicals has been a popular research topic over the past decade. One of the technologies receiving a great deal of attention is liquefaction in which biomass is converted to oil under high temperatures and pressures. This technology has evolved from a slow, chemical intensive process to a very rapid operation requiring little more than water. Feeling that typical reactor residence times(1-2 hours) were excessive, Beckman developed a small unit capable of reducing heat-up times to less than three minutes. Under these conditions it was found that neither a catalyst nor reducing gas was required. A mixture of only wood and water, when rapidly heated to 350°C, yielded an oil, char and gaseous and aqueous products.  1, record 56, English, - aqueous%20pyrolysis

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pyrolyse réalisée en milieu aqueux.  2, record 56, French, - pyrolyse%20aqueuse

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contractors developed instruments to measure ash concentration in the reactor; they also determined the effect of gas and liquid properties on gas voidage, solids dispersion coefficient, solids concentration profiles, and spanger design.  1, record 57, English, - gas%20voidage

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des entrepreneurs ont mis au point des instruments de mesure de la concentration en cendres dans le réacteur et ont déterminé les effets des propriétés des gaz et des liquides sur la désaturation en gaz, le coefficient de dispersion des solides, les profils de concentration en solides et la conception de l'aspergeur.  1, record 57, French, - d%C3%A9saturation%20en%20gaz

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the area of direct conversion of methane or natural gas to gasoline or diesel range hydrocarbons, thermal pyrolysis studies have been carried out in a tubular flow reactor of high-purity alumina.  1, record 58, English, - tubular%20flow%20reactor

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT