TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the duration of the war, the combatants would engage in a chemical arms race. Both sides recruited hundreds of chemists, engineers, and physiologists to serve in special military gas warfare services. These experts worked intensively to discover new toxic gases and delivery systems and to develop defensive equipment, procedures, and medical treatments.  2, record 1, English, - chemical%20arms%20race

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, une véritable course à l'armement chimique s'engage, les États belligérants mobilisent d'importantes sommes d'argent pour la recherche, la conception et la production industrielle de ces nouvelles armes.  4, record 1, French, - course%20aux%20armements%20chimiques

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A monument located near Ypres, Belgium, commemorating the heroic resistance of Canadian forces during the Second Battle of Ypres(April 1915), when they faced the first poison gas attacks of the First World War.  2, record 2, English, - St%2E%20Julien%20Canadian%20Memorial

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Monument situé près d'Ypres, en Belgique, qui commémore la résistance héroïque des Canadiens lors de la deuxième bataille d'Ypres (avril 1915), où ils affrontèrent les premières attaques de gaz toxique de la Première Guerre mondiale.  2, record 2, French, - M%C3%A9morial%20canadien%20%C3%A0%20Saint%2DJulien

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Chemical Warfare Service has equipped every combat soldier in the United States Army with the latest type [of] gas mask, assuring adequate protection from all known war gases and military smokes. Four main types of masks are issued—the service mask, the training mask, the diaphragm mask, and the optical mask.  2, record 3, English, - service%20mask

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mortar-like weapon that could throw large drums filled with flammable or toxic chemicals.  3, record 4, English, - Livens%20projector

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the First World War, the Livens projector became the British Army's standard means of delivering gas attacks and it remained in its arsenal until the early years of the Second World War.  3, record 4, English, - Livens%20projector

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

bomb for Livens projector, Livens projector battery  4, record 4, English, - Livens%20projector

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Livens mortar battery  4, record 4, English, - Livens%20projector

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pièce d'artillerie de type mortier qui servait à propulser des charges chimiques et incendiaires.  4, record 4, French, - projecteur%20Livens

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le projecteur Livens a été en usage dans l'Armée britannique durant la Première Guerre mondiale et les premières années de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.  4, record 4, French, - projecteur%20Livens

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

batterie de mortiers Livens  4, record 4, French, - projecteur%20Livens

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Volatile, synthetic pesticide poisons are biologically disruptive, basically untested, toxic chemicals, designed to kill. Many of our most commonly used pesticide poisons are neurotoxins which were developed as an outgrowth of poisonous nerve gas research, during World War II. Synthetic pesticide poisons are capable of disrupting the normal functioning of every major organ system in the body, but the nervous system is the most likely target.  2, record 5, English, - synthetic%20pesticide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The research technologies needed to identify and implement gene products as plant protection agents are appreciably different from those used for synthetic or natural chemical pesticides ...  3, record 5, English, - synthetic%20pesticide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

synthetic pesticide: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 5, English, - synthetic%20pesticide

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

synthetic chemical pesticide, synthetic organic pesticide  4, record 5, English, - synthetic%20pesticide

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mémoires se rapportent [...] aux pesticides, notamment en distinguant les pesticides chimiques, de synthèse ou biologiques, mais sans fournir clairement de définition. Cependant, des précisions apportées [...] permettent de les distinguer de différentes façons. Pour plusieurs, les pesticides de synthèse sont des produits créés par l'homme ou présents dans la nature et recopiés en laboratoire. Pour d'autres, les pesticides de synthèse sont des produits de laboratoire qui n'existent pas dans la nature. L'origine du produit est donc déterminante dans l'identification du type de pesticide. Quant aux biopesticides, chacun y va de sa définition, y incluant ou non des pesticides chimiques tels que l'huile de dormance ou le savon insecticide ou des organismes vivants tels que les insectes prédateurs. Pour la grande majorité, ce sont des produits qui existent dans la nature ou dont les molécules sont naturelles [...] Dans environ un sixième des mémoires, il est suggéré d'introduire une taxe sur l'ensemble des pesticides de synthèse (chimiques), ou alors seulement sur les pesticides de synthèse utilisés à des fins cosmétiques et domestiques.  2, record 5, French, - pesticide%20de%20synth%C3%A8se

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

synthèse : Préparation d'un composé à partir des éléments constituants ou d'un composé de formule plus simple. [S'oppose à «naturel».]  3, record 5, French, - pesticide%20de%20synth%C3%A8se

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les pesticides de synthèse sont communément appelés «pesticides chimiques» mais il est préférable de distinguer ces deux concepts, puisqu'il n'est pas totalement exclu que des pesticides de synthèse soient fabriqués à partir de constituants non chimiques, tout comme il n'est pas exclu que des pesticides chimiques puissent exister à l'état naturel. Essentiellement, un «pesticide chimique» est un pesticide constitué d'un produit chimique, et un «pesticide de synthèse» est un pesticide préparé en laboratoire.  4, record 5, French, - pesticide%20de%20synth%C3%A8se

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pesticide de synthèse : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  4, record 5, French, - pesticide%20de%20synth%C3%A8se

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

pesticide chimique de synthèse, pesticide organique de synthèse  4, record 5, French, - pesticide%20de%20synth%C3%A8se

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

B.E.T. method: Gaseous absorption analysis method. Acronym of "S. Brunauer, P. Emmett, E. Teller." Widely used for surface area determinations by computing the monolayer area.  2, record 6, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The BET method is widely used in surface science for the calculation of surface areas of solids by physical adsorption of gas molecules.  3, record 6, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Surface Area Measurement. For nanopowder, the B.E.T. method is commonly used to determine the specific surface area. The drop in nitrogen pressure in a closed container due to adsorption of the nitrogen molecules to the surface of the material inserted in the container is measured. (The shape of the nanopowder particles is assumed to be spherical.)  4, record 6, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 4 OBS

... There, he [Paul Emmett] sought out a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ammonia could be taken out of the air and turned into a fertilizer for plants. Emmett knew that the Germans had developed just such a mechanism during World War I, but scientists did not entirely understand how and why the process worked. The result of this investigation was the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) Method, which remains the second-most cited scientific paper on the process and a technique still in use worldwide. The BET Method provides scientists with the ability to measure a variety of properties of gas molecules on a solid surface : the surface area, the composition of the surface, and the amount of catalyst that is both on the surface and in the interior of the solid. Dr. Emmett's work on the BET Method earned him a Nobel Prize nomination.  1, record 6, English, - Brunauer%26ndash%3BEmmett%26ndash%3BTeller%20method

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La théorie Brunauer, Emmett et Teller (BET) est une théorie physique. La méthode BET permet d’expliquer l’adsorption physique des molécules de gaz sur une surface solide et permet la mesure de la surface spécifique.  3, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20Brunauer%2DEmmett%2DTeller

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

méthode B.E.T.; méthode BET : termes uniformisés par CN-AIR CANADA. (CN : Canadien National.)  2, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20Brunauer%2DEmmett%2DTeller

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound in the form of a colorless liquid with an unpleasant, mercaptan odor which is used as a chelating agent developed as an antidote for lewisite, a war gas, and as an antidote for poisoning by other metals, such as mercury, antimony, nickel, chromium, and bismuth.  9, record 7, English, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 7, English, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₂(SH)CH(SH)CH₂OH or C₃H₈OS₂  10, record 7, English, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Médicament préparé à l'origine comme curatif des lésions dues aux gaz de combat arséniés, et utilisé maintenant contre les intoxications dues à l'arsenic et à certains métaux lourds.  10, record 7, French, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le dimercaprol [...] se comporte comme chélateur et forme avec ces toxiques des dérivés éliminés par l'organisme. On l'emploie en solution huileuse par voie intramusculaire, sous contrôle médical.  10, record 7, French, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 7, French, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₂(SH)CH(SH)CH₂OH ou C₃H₈OS₂  11, record 7, French, - 2%2C3%2Dbis%28sulfanyl%29propan%2D1%2Dol

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Propiedades: líquido aceitoso viscoso; incoloro con olor fuerte desagradable a mercaptanos; p.eb., 80° centígrados (1,9 mm), 140°C (40 mm); p.f. 77°C; p.e., 1,2385 (25/4°C) [...] soluble en aceites vegetales; moderadamente soluble en agua con descomposición; soluble en alcohol. [...] Peligros: intensamente irritante para los ojos y las membranas mucosas. Usos: medicina; antídoto de la lewisita, productos orgánicos arsenicales y de metales pesados.  2, record 7, Spanish, - dimercaprol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un antídoto de muchos venenos, el dimercaptopropanol (BAL, es decir, British anti-Lewisite), se ha estudiado de modo específico como antídoto de la lewisita [...]  3, record 7, Spanish, - dimercaprol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química : CH₂(SH)CH(SH)CH₂OH o C₃H₈OS₂  4, record 7, Spanish, - dimercaprol

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical warfare gas which produces a toxic or strongly irritant effect. There are five classes of war gas : lacrimators, lung irritants, sternutators, systemic poisons, and vesicants.  3, record 8, English, - war%20gas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

choking gas: in military medicine, a casualty gas, such as phosgene ...  2, record 8, English, - war%20gas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

war gas : term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, record 8, English, - war%20gas

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance chimique suffocante, vésicante, irritante, ou toxique, utilisée par l'armée pour mettre un adversaire hors de combat.  2, record 8, French, - gaz%20de%20combat

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gaz de combat : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  3, record 8, French, - gaz%20de%20combat

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical product which appears under the form of odorless crystals and which was used during World War 1 as an antipersonnel device to generate a smoke causing sneezing and vomiting.  8, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

DA is an abbreviation for Di-phenyl-chlor-arsine, a nose irritant gas used during the Second World War. It has no smell and a delayed action, but causes sneezing, a burning pain in the chest, nose, throat and mouth after a few minutes.  9, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Clark agents. ... these super agents are ... named after the German term "ChLorierte" [chlorinated] "ARsen" [arsenic] "Kampfstoffe" [chemical agents]. As the name suggests, they contain chlorine and arsenic. Clark I is diphenylchloroarsine and Clark II is diphenylcyanoarsine. They are powerful vomiting agents which could penetrate the early designs of gas mask and force the soldiers to remove them, exposing them to the more dangerous agents such as chlorine gas.  10, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[Origin of the name "blue cross:"] With German shells, the type of chemical agent can be identified from coloured crosses on the casings: "Blaukreuz" (blue cross) affects the upper respiratory tract; "Weisskreuz" (white) contain irritants affecting the eyes and other moist tissues; "Grünkreuz" (green) affects the lungs; "Gelbkreuz" (yellow) attacks any exposed skin surfaces.  10, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

chlorodiphenylarsane: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  1, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 OBS

blue cross: Often capitalized.  8, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 5 OBS

DA: This might be an in-house or a non-recognized abbreviation; not to be used alone, to avoid any risk of confusion.  1, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Also known under the commercial designation UN 1699.  8, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 7 OBS

Chemical formula: (C₆H₅)₂AsCl or C₁₂H₁₀AsCl  8, record 9, English, - chlorodiphenylarsane

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique qui se présente sous la forme de cristaux incolores et qui a été utilisé comme gaz de combat.  7, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parallèlement à l'utilisation de l'ypérite, les Allemands introduisent sur le champ de bataille [...] les premières arsines chargées dans des obus à croix bleue. Il s'agissait de diphénylchloroarsine, un produit solide qui nécessitait une charge explosive suffisante pour assurer la mise en aérosol du produit. Celui-ci était contenu dans une bouteille en verre noyée au milieu de l'explosif dans le corps de l'obus. Le produit, pulvérisé par l'explosion de la charge, se transformant momentanément en vapeur grâce à la chaleur dégagée, était susceptible de traverser les filtres des masques protecteurs. Ses effets incapacitants et sternutatoires devaient alors rendre intolérable le port du masque.  8, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ces toxiques allaient être] utilisés simultanément avec des obus suffocants marqués d'une croix verte ou persistants marqués d'une croix jaune, ce qui valut à la zone infectée de porter le nom de «zone bariolée».  8, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

chlorodiphénylarsane : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  1, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Bombe à gaz sternutatoire.  9, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : (C₆H₅)₂AsCl ou C₁₂H₁₀AsCl  7, record 9, French, - chlorodiph%C3%A9nylarsane

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance that causes nasal irritation; especially a poison gas that causes irritation of the nose and eyes, pain in the chest, and nausea.  3, record 10, English, - sternutator

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A gas or other substance that causes sneezing, as certain war gases.  2, record 10, English, - sternutator

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sternutator: term(s) extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, record 10, English, - sternutator

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance qui provoque l'éternuement et la congestion de la muqueuse nasale.  2, record 10, French, - sternutatoire

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sternutatoires excitent les terminaisons nerveuses des voies respiratoires supérieures, sans provoquer de blessures graves, du moins aux concentrations réalisables en plein air. Aux concentrations élevées, ils peuvent irriter les muqueuses et la peau. Ils provoquent, après quelques dizaines de secondes, une sensation de brûlure et des réflexes de défense glandulaires et moteurs (hypersécrétion nasale, salivaire et bronchique, éternuement, toux, vomissements et diminution de la ventilation pulmonaire).  3, record 10, French, - sternutatoire

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sternutatoire : terme(s) tiré(s) du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  4, record 10, French, - sternutatoire

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A toxic, colorless liquid with a boiling point of 127-128 ° C; soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene; used in organic synthesis, and as a military poison gas during World War I. Also known as diphosgene.  2, record 11, English, - trichloromethyl%20chloroformate

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: CLCOOCCL₃ or CL-CO-OCCL₃  3, record 11, English, - trichloromethyl%20chloroformate

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit agressif [...] utilisé comme gaz de combat.  2, record 11, French, - chloroformiate%20de%20trichlorom%C3%A9thyle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : CLCOOCCL₃ ou CL-CO-OCCL₃  3, record 11, French, - chloroformiate%20de%20trichlorom%C3%A9thyle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A highly toxic, colorless gas that condenses at 0°C to a fuming liquid; used as a war gas and in manufacture of organic compounds.  2, record 12, English, - phosgene

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phosgene is the most dangerous of the group called choking agents. It accounted for 80 per cent of all chemical deaths during WWI.  4, record 12, English, - phosgene

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula : COCl₂  3, record 12, English, - phosgene

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gaz incolore, se liquéfiant à 8 °C, d'odeur suffocante. [...] Sa grande réactivité le rend extrêmement toxique par inhalation : [...] cette propriété l'a fait employer comme gaz de combat (Collongite). Il est utilisé dans l'industrie pour la [...] fabrication des polyuréthannes, et pour la préparation des colorants [...]  5, record 12, French, - phosg%C3%A8ne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Collongite est le nom de guerre de l'oxychlorure de carbone.  6, record 12, French, - phosg%C3%A8ne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : COCl₂  6, record 12, French, - phosg%C3%A8ne

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"vesicant" : a vesicant war gas(as mustard gas or lewisite).  3, record 13, English, - vesicant

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"vesicant" (adj.): producing or tending to produce blisters.  3, record 13, English, - vesicant

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

blister gas: term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, record 13, English, - vesicant

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz de combat, tel l'ypérite, provoquant de graves lésions phlycténulaires de la peau et des voies respiratoires.  3, record 13, French, - gaz%20v%C3%A9sicant

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gaz vésicant : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  4, record 13, French, - gaz%20v%C3%A9sicant

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia que produce ampollas en la piel.  1, record 13, Spanish, - vesicante

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Iran possesses a large chemical weapon(CW) arsenal consisting primarily of first generation(World War I era) agents, and it is believed to have a nerve gas research and development program...  1, record 14, English, - chemical%20weapon%20arsenal

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme certains pays continuent de chercher à se doter d'un arsenal d'armes chimiques et (ou) biologiques offensives, les pays comme le Canada doivent continuer de se préoccuper de l'utilisation clandestine possible des produits et de la technologie pouvant servir à la production de ces armes.  1, record 14, French, - arsenal%20d%27armes%20chimiques

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion .... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 15, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft"(or coflow) gasifiers... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air(oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 15, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 15, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 15, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish