TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The conversion to monomer or production of new raw materials by changing the chemical structure of plastics waste through cracking, gasification or depolymerization, excluding energy recovery and incineration.  1, record 1, English, - feedstock%20recycling

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

feedstock recycling: term and definition standardized by ISO.  3, record 1, English, - feedstock%20recycling

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion en monomères ou production de nouvelles matières premières en modifiant la structure chimique des déchets plastiques par craquage, gazéification ou dépolymérisation, à l'exception de la valorisation énergétique et de l'incinération.  4, record 1, French, - recyclage%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

recyclage matière première : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  5, record 1, French, - recyclage%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

recyclage chimique des plastiques; recyclage chimique : désignations publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 19 septembre 2023.  6, record 1, French, - recyclage%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The volume of gas obtained in the carbonisation process or gasification process expressed as m³/te(or ft³/ton) of the fuel feed. Reference conditions should be stated.  2, record 2, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methane Production Potential. ... In the anaerobic process, a certain amount of gas is produced per pound of volatile solids broken down or destroyed by the bacteria. This is referred to as "gas yield". ... Table 1. Potential gas production of swine, dairy, poultry and beef. ... Gas yield, cu. ft. per lb. volatile solids destroyed.  3, record 2, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparison between the pyrolysis of two types of polyethylenes in a fluidized bed reactor. ... Methane, benzene and toluene formation was favored at high residence time. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butene, and pentane cracked to different extents with increasing residence time and/or temperature. Maximum total gas yield obtained at 800°C from branched polyethylene and less branched polyethylene in continuous operation is 91.8 and 97.5%, respectively.  4, record 2, English, - gas%20yield

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volume de gaz obtenu par la carbonisation ou par la gazéification, rapporté à la masse de combustibles mis en œuvre et exprimé en m³/t. Les conditions de référence doivent être indiquées dans chaque cas.  1, record 2, French, - rendement%20en%20gaz

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volumen de gas obtenido en la carbonización o en la gasificación expresado en m³/T del combustible introducido. Debe indicarse las condiciones en que se mide el gas.  1, record 2, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20gas

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen.  2, record 3, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the primary products of the oxygen-deficient decomposition are non-condensible fuel or synthesis gases, the process is known as gasification.  3, record 3, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The distinction between "pyrolysis" and "incineration" is that in a "pyrolysis unit" the organic material or carbon is not fully oxidised and the residue still has a heating value.  4, record 3, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pyrolysis: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 3, English, - pyrolysis

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Décomposition thermique de matières organiques en l'absence d'oxygène ou en atmosphère pauvre en oxygène.  2, record 3, French, - pyrolyse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principaux procédés de combustion sont : - l'incinération : combustion en présence d'un excès d'oxygène, - la pyrolyse : combustion en atmosphère déficitaire en oxygène, qui entraîne la gazéification d'une partie des matières organiques, - la pyrohydrolyse : réaction avec la vapeur d'eau vers 800 °C, - la combustion en milieu sels fondus, - la digestion acide : oxydation en milieu acide H₂SO₄ + HNO₃.  3, record 3, French, - pyrolyse

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pyrolyse : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 3, French, - pyrolyse

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Degradación térmica de la materia orgánica en ausencia de oxígeno.  2, record 3, Spanish, - pir%C3%B3lisis

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pirólisis. Descomposición físico-química del material degradable de los desechos sólidos, debido a la acción de la temperatura en una atmósfera deficiente de oxígeno; no produce contaminación atmosférica apreciable y la cantidad de residuos resultante es mayor que en la incineración. La tecnología de pirólisis está en fase de experimentación.  3, record 3, Spanish, - pir%C3%B3lisis

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A methane rich gas derived from biogas or from gasification of biomass by upgrading with the properties similar to natural gas.  3, record 4, English, - biomethane

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "biogas," which is composed primarily of "biomethane," CO₂ and small quantities of other gases.  4, record 4, English, - biomethane

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biomethane: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  5, record 4, English, - biomethane

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz riche en méthane provenant du biogaz ou de la gazéification de la biomasse par traitement pour obtenir des propriétés similaires au gaz naturel.  3, record 4, French, - biom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «biogaz» qui contient principalement du «biométhane», ainsi que du CO₂ et d'autres gaz en petite quantité.  4, record 4, French, - biom%C3%A9thane

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biométhane : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  5, record 4, French, - biom%C3%A9thane

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide...  6, record 5, English, - shift%20conversion

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conversion [...] Procédé de conversion, traitement au rouge de l'oxyde de carbone CO par un excès de vapeur d'eau au contact d'un catalyseur [...] pour la transformer en hydrogène et gaz carbonique.  1, record 5, French, - conversion

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Lurgi gasifier is a reactor for the performance of countercurrent gasification of coal in a moving bed.  1, record 6, English, - Lurgi%20gasifier

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans un gazéifieur Lurgi [...] le charbon constitue un lit en mouvement lent se déplaçant à contre-courant des gaz.  1, record 6, French, - gaz%C3%A9ifieur%20Lurgi

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A term used to describe the reaction chamber used in some coal gasification processes in which non-combustible constituents of coal are converted into a liquid slag which is readily removed from the bottom of the gasifier.  1, record 7, English, - slagging%20gasifier

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les gazogènes à cendres fondues il n'y a pas de grille, l'air est insufflé à la base par des tuyères refroidies par circulation d'eau. Les cendres fondent et se rassemblent dans un creuset réfractaire d'où elles sont extraites périodiquement par un trou de coulée.  1, record 7, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20cendres%20fondues

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

(...) dans les gazogènes à lit fixe (ou mobile) et à scorification (...) on autorise des températures élevées (...) dans la zone d'oxydation; les cendres en fusion s'échappent sous forme d'un laitier.  2, record 7, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20cendres%20fondues

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Le) laitier, après solidification, forme des scories (ou "mâche fer").  2, record 7, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20cendres%20fondues

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The work requires conducting research and development activities involving Ca-based looping cycles, fluidized bed combustion oxyfiring and gasification.  1, record 8, English, - Ca%2Dbased%20looping%20cycle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Flue gas CO₂ capture using a Ca-based chemical looping system has been shown to be potentially more cost-effective than traditional amine-based systems in bench-scale testing.  3, record 8, English, - Ca%2Dbased%20looping%20cycle

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a novel method for facilitating CO₂ separation from flue gases. The process is composed of two fluidized reactors, an air and a fuel reactor, as shown in Figure 1.2. The fuel is introduced to the fuel reactor in a gaseous form where it reacts with an oxygen carrier to CO₂ and H₂O. The reduced oxygen carrier is transported to the air reactor, where it is oxidized back to its original state by air. As for the oxy-fuel combustion process, No_x formation is eliminated as oxygen is supplied to the combustor in the form of a metal oxide without any nitrogen present, also giving pure co₂ out. The principle of the CLC process is the same as for the oxy-fuel process, where pure oxygen is supplied to the combustor, and it has the same absorption-regeneration nature of post-combustion.  4, record 8, English, - Ca%2Dbased%20looping%20cycle

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour traduire le terme anglais «chemical looping combustion» la Commission française de terminologie et de néologie de la chimie et des matériaux a normalisé l'équivalent «anaérocombustion», avec la définition et l'observation données dans la justification complémentaire ci-après. Il est à noter qu'elle n'a pas retenu l'équivalent «combustion en boucle chimique».  1, record 8, French, - cycle%20d%27ana%C3%A9rocombustion%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20Ca

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

anaérocombustion : Procédé de combustion pour la production d'énergie, dans lequel on utilise comme comburant, à la place de l'air, un oxyde métallique régénéré périodiquement. Note : L'anaérocombustion permet d'obtenir un flux de dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) exempt d'azote, plus facile à récupérer et à conditionner pour le transport et le stockage. Elle fait partie des procédés dits du «charbon propre».  2, record 8, French, - cycle%20d%27ana%C3%A9rocombustion%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20Ca

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La combustion en boucle chimique (ou «CLC» : «Chemical Looping Combustion»). Ce procédé, similaire à l'oxycombustion, permet de convertir un combustible hydrocarboné directement en CO₂ et en H₂O. Il évite ainsi le surcoût lié à la séparation en amont de l'oxygène de l'air. L'apport d'oxygène est réalisé via un oxyde métallique, alternativement oxydé à l'air et réduit par le combustible.  3, record 8, French, - cycle%20d%27ana%C3%A9rocombustion%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20Ca

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Première démonstration du système chimique en boucle à base de chaux.  4, record 8, French, - cycle%20d%27ana%C3%A9rocombustion%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20Ca

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Incinération de résidus (déchets et boues) d'installations de DIP associée à la génération de vapeur et d'électricité. ... Techniques mises en œuvre pour limiter les émissions. ... injection d'un adsorbant (mélange de calcium et de carbone activé) avant les filtres à manches.  5, record 8, French, - cycle%20d%27ana%C3%A9rocombustion%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20Ca

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biobutanol can be produced by fermentation of biomass by the A.B.E. [acetone, butanol and ethanol] process. The process uses the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum, also known as the Weizmann organism.  2, record 9, English, - biobutanol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Biobutanol is a renewable, biodegradable, alternative fuel, which can be used neat or blended with gasoline. Properties... are similar to gasoline; hence current vehicles can use biobutanol without any engine modifications. Biobutanol can be produced from biomass by the fermentation of sugars and starches or by thermochemical routes using gasification.  3, record 9, English, - biobutanol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Butanol: a 4-carbon alcohol (butyl alcohol).  4, record 9, English, - biobutanol

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Biocarburant] fabriqué par fermentation des ressources lignocellulosiques telles que le bois, le blé et la canne à sucre.  2, record 9, French, - biobutanol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme l’éthanol, le biobutanol est un produit issu de la fermentation [...] Cet alcool, qui a une plus longue chaîne d’atomes de carbone, présente un meilleur contenu énergétique, proche de celui de l’essence [...] De ce fait, il peut être plus facilement mélangé avec l’essence et plus aisément transporté par pipeline que l’éthanol.  3, record 9, French, - biobutanol

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a process that uses heat, pressure, and steam [or chemicals] to convert materials directly into a gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.  3, record 10, English, - gasification

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Typical raw materials used in gasification are coal, petroleum-based materials, and organic materials.  3, record 10, English, - gasification

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The resulting gas will contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons with large amounts of nitrogen (if air is used as a feed instead of oxygen); the exact composite will depend on the temperature, pressure, time and presence of catalyst.  4, record 10, English, - gasification

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transformation complète de matière organique, principalement sous l'action de la chaleur, en gaz combustible.  2, record 10, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gas produced from the gasification of solid and liquid woodfuels.  2, record 11, English, - gaseous%20woodfuel

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz produit par la gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides.  2, record 11, French, - combustible%20ligneux%20gazeux

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The volatile solids content] is expressed as a percentage by weight of the dry solids content and is determined by gasification in a furnace at 550-600 Celsius degrees.  1, record 12, English, - volatile%20solids%20content

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La teneur en matières volatiles] est exprimée en pourcentage en poids des matières sèches, elle se détermine par gazéification dans un four à 550 - 600 degrés Celsius.  1, record 12, French, - teneur%20en%20mati%C3%A8res%20volatiles

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyrolytic Reactions and Products of Biomass.... Presence of air increases the rate of decomposition and pyrolysis by oxidation of the substrate at the lower temperatures. At the higher temperatures oxidation of the volatile pyrolysis products results in flaming combustion and oxidation of the char leads to smoldering or incandescence combustion according to the rate of reaction. Presence of water and steam is also known to speed up the breakdown and degradation of the molecules by hydrolysis of the substrate and rearrangement of the intermediate products. This process, known as hydrothermolysis, may be catalyzed by acids or alkali reagents as discussed later. At higher temperatures the steam plays a more direct and better known role as a reactant in the gasification of char and related processes. At the higher temperatures, CO₂ and H₂ could also function as reactants.  1, record 13, English, - hydrothermolysis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We are deeply involved in cogeneration plants including biomass and gas turbines. ... Co-Generation Power Island. .... "Power Islands," "Merchant Plants," "Across the Fence Cogeneration," "Third Party Steam Plants," and "Client CHP" are some of the names used to refer to unconventional commercial arrangements for the production and procurement of steam and electrical power to pulp and paper mills. Although the term "Power Island" is often used to describe third party cogeneration facilities, the concept is completely different from an island. The power house that provides the steam and power to the mill has a direct and immediate effect on the pulp mill’s operational stability and uptime as well as the operating costs.  2, record 14, English, - power%20island

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The IGCC [Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle] demonstration plant in Puertollano features many advantages compared to conventional coal fired power stations with flue gas desulphurization(FGD) and DeNOx systems :... The plant consists of the following three main units : Power island, gasification island, and oxygen production plant(Air Separation).... The power island. The combined cycle in the Puertollano plant... can be operated both with natural gas and synthesis gas. The main features are : A 200 MWe(ISO) Siemens model V94. 3 gas turbine. A three-pressure level and IP steam reheating heat recovery steam generator designed by Babcock able to additionally superheat the steam generated through raw gas cooling in the gasification. A two casing reheat steam turbine designed by Siemens that delivers roughly 135 MWe. The clean coal gas is burned by the coal gas burners in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The sensible heat of extracted air is used for clean gas saturation, low pressure steam production and preheating of impure nitrogen. [Text accompanied by a schematic diagram. ]  3, record 14, English, - power%20island

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The liberalization of the energy market is demanding more-efficient power plants using cheaper fuels. ... The first option ... is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired power plants to new combined-cycle power plants. The second option is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired units to efficient and environmentally friendly power plants that burn cheaper fuels, using the best available technology for the power island and the flue gas treatment equipment.  4, record 14, English, - power%20island

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Power island turbine generator.  5, record 14, English, - power%20island

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les ingénieurs français de la firme qui réalisait l'étude d'avant-projet de la centrale du Suroît avaient pour habitude d'utiliser l'expression «îlot puissance». On trouve aussi «îlot de puissance» dans un schéma publié par la compagnie Alstom et «îlot gazéification» [équivalent du terme anglais voisin «gasification island», voir aussi cette fiche] dans un article des Techniques de l'ingénieur portant sur la technologie de gazéification intégrée à un cycle combiné (vol. BE 3, article B8920, avril 1997, paragraphe 4.2.1). [Renseignements obtenus du service linguistique d'Hydro-Québec.]  1, record 14, French, - %C3%AElot%20puissance

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Using heat provided by an outside source.  3, record 15, English, - allothermal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An autothermal process is a process where the energy is taken from the biomass. An allothermal process is a process where the energy comes from another source.  4, record 15, English, - allothermal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As a rough criterion, we can distinguish between allothermic and autothermic processes; i. e. between those in which the heat of reaction is transferred to the reactor from outside and those in which it is produced in the reactor itself by the gasification reaction.  5, record 15, English, - allothermal

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui utilise la chaleur d'une source extérieure.  2, record 15, French, - allothermique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En opposition à autothermique.  2, record 15, French, - allothermique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

allothermique : terme publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 25 avril 2009.  3, record 15, French, - allothermique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"... Furthermore, "biosyngas" refers to a gas rich in H² and CO obtained by gasification of biomass. Biosyngas discriminates from "syngas", which is a comparable gas but from fossil origin, and from "biogas", which is gas produced by digestion of organic matter and consists mainly of CH⁴ and CO². "  2, record 16, English, - biosyngas

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gazéification est un procédé dans lequel des déchets ou de la biomasse sont chauffés dans une atmosphère en défaut d'oxygène, dans des fours de dimension limitée. Il en ressort à gaz chaud, BioSynGaz (CO/H²) qui véhicule de l'énergie thermique mais aussi un pouvoir calorifique élevé.  2, record 16, French, - biosyngas

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically, the gasification of solid fuels takes place at elevated temperatures. The heat required for the heating and conversion, is either provided through partial combustion(autothermic process) or through supply of external heat(allothermic process). Compared to the autothermic gasification, the allothermic gasification has the advantage that the fuel does not have to be partially burned in the gasification zone, in order to provide the necessary heat. In the allothermic gasification, the heat can be provided from any external sources, such as for instance high-temperature core reactors, but also from combustion chambers, wherein a fraction of the gas product is burned.  3, record 17, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Allothermal gasification requires the supply of externally generated heat since the reaction of biological raw material with steam into combustible gas is altogether endothermal.  4, record 17, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe [...] la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon. On obtient ainsi un gaz à pouvoir calorifique élevé qui convient bien à l'alimentation des turbines à gaz commerciales.  2, record 17, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20allothermique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermochemical conversion denotes technologies that use elevated temperatures to convert the biomass materials by(a) direct combustion to produce heat;(b) pyrolysis to produce gas, pyrolytic liquids, chemicals and char;(c) gasification to produce low or intermediate joule value gas... and(d) liquefaction to produce heavy fuel oil or, with upgrading, lighter boiling liquid products used as distillates, light fuel oil or gasoline...  4, record 18, English, - thermochemical%20conversion

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus thermique et chimique par lesquels des substances riches en carbone sont transformées en produits chimiques intermédiaires pour produire de l'énergie, des carburants, des produits chimiques et des matériaux.  5, record 18, French, - conversion%20thermochimique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any oven heating system in which the burners are within the oven chamber, and the products of combustion are in contact with the oven atmosphere.  1, record 19, English, - direct%2Dfired%20internal%20heater

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wood Gasification by Direct Fired Internal Heating.  2, record 19, English, - direct%2Dfired%20internal%20heater

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Générateurs à combustion directe, ils s'utilisent à l'extérieur ou dans les locaux bien ventilés. Fonctionnant indifféremment avec du fioul, du gasoil ou du pétrole, leur mise en marche est instantanée, la chaleur immédiate.  3, record 19, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20%C3%A0%20feu%20direct

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Through the years many modifications of the gasification process have been developed, such as, for instance, alternating injection and production through the injection and discharge holes respectively, gasification with the forward line-burn, the reverse line-burn or the longwall method, injection of the above-mentioned gases and liquid in different ratios, variation of the pressure, introduction of additional water through the supply hole or the discharge hole...  1, record 20, English, - reverse%20line%2Dburn

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rétrocombustion : Source : Consensus sept. 78, p. 95.  4, record 20, French, - combustion%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process, by which any grade of coal is transformed into a liquid transportation fuel.  3, record 21, English, - coal%2Dto%2Dliquid%20process

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

hydropyrolysis : A coal-to-liquid process in which bituminous coal, lignite, tars, sand and related materials are rapidly heated to 1000-1100 degrees K in pressurized hydrogen gasification reactors to generate pure methane.  4, record 21, English, - coal%2Dto%2Dliquid%20process

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le charbon peut [...] devenir pétrole suivant le procédé CTL (coal to liquid).  3, record 21, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20conversion%20du%20charbon%20en%20carburant%20liquide

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le procédé CTL n'a qu'une efficacité de 50%, et le pétrole fournit deux fois plus d'énergie que le charbon.  4, record 21, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20conversion%20du%20charbon%20en%20carburant%20liquide

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... pressurized gasification... aimed at removing the need to compress the product gas and at reducing the size and cost of gas-processing equipment.  1, record 22, English, - pressurized%20gasification

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Coal gasification under pressure.  3, record 22, English, - pressurized%20gasification

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gazéification du charbon est très ancienne mais ce n'est que récemment que, grâce au développement des turbines à combustion et à l'expérience industrielle de la gazéification des produits pétroliers, des centrales de production d'électricité IGCC [gazéification du charbon intégrée à un cycle combiné] ont vu le jour. Dans cette filière, un gaz, produit par la gazéification sous pression du charbon (à l'air ou à l'oxygène), est refroidi puis épuré aussi soigneusement que possible afin de servir de combustible dans une turbine à combustion dont les fumées à haute température permettent de générer de la vapeur pour alimenter une turbine à condensation classique.  2, record 22, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20sous%20pression

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion of biomass to a liquid fuel through a synthesis-gas intermediate step.  2, record 23, English, - indirect%20liquefaction

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The principal focus of research and development in the areas of gasification and indirect liquefaction has been the production of medium joule value gas, high joule value gas or substitute natural gas, and the conversion of the gas to a liquid fuel by indirect liquefaction to produce methanol or synthetic fuel(gasoline)...  3, record 23, English, - indirect%20liquefaction

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Théoriquement il suffit d'hydrogéner du charbon pour obtenir des produits pétroliers. Cet apport d'hydrogène peut être fait directement sur le charbon (liquéfaction directe) ou sur les gaz issus d'un gazéificateur (liquéfaction indirecte).  2, record 23, French, - liqu%C3%A9faction%20indirecte

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high-pressure coal gasification process using pure oxygen as the combustion gas.  4, record 24, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When using air or oxygen with steam, coal may be gasified ... in lump form in fixed beds (as in gas producers or in the Lurgi process); ...  5, record 24, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This] coal gasification process [has been] developed in Germany... It produces a gas of somewhat lower heat value than natural gas.  6, record 24, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Unlike the Koppers-Jotzek process, which will operate with any type of coal, the Lurgi process requires fines (very small particles) to be removed and the coal to be no more than weakly coking.  4, record 24, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Lurgi. C'est un procédé continu à l'oxygène dénommé en lit fixe [...] et sous pression [...]  1, record 24, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lurgi

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Process] for indirect liquefaction of ... lignite into methanol and other liquid fuels ...  2, record 25, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 PHR

High-Temperature Winkler coal gasification process.  3, record 25, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 PHR

HTW coal gasification process.  3, record 25, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Winkler Haute Température (HTW). Rheinbraun, producteur de lignite [...] et Uhde, société d'ingénierie, ont entrepris en 1975, la mise au point d'un procédé Winkler amélioré, différent principalement du procédé classique par le fait qu'on opère sous une pression de l'ordre de 10 bars et à une température plus élevée.  2, record 25, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Winkler%20Haute%20Temp%C3%A9rature

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Hydrane(HYDRANE) process is a promising coal gasification process for producing high-Btu gas... from any raw coal of bituminous or lower rank and is based on the two-stage hydrogasifier concept developed at the U. S. Bureau of Mines...  1, record 26, English, - Hydrane%20process

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Procédés d'hydrogénation autothermique [...] orientés vers la production de GNS. [...] Hydrane (E.-U.). L'étude en laboratoire de ce procédé développé par le Bureau of Mines est presque terminée. [...] Le gaz obtenu contient 70% de méthane et seule une méthanation complémentaire s'avère nécessaire.  2, record 26, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hydrane

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification with air instead of oxygen is the main objective of the CO-Acceptor, U-Gas, Combustion Engineering, and Westinghouse processes. The purpose of these four processes is to produce low-calorific value fuel gas for use in combined cycle power plants based on coal.  1, record 27, English, - Combustion%20Engineering%20process

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédés d'oxyvapogazéification autothermique orientés vers les gaz industriels. [...] Combustion Engineering. Le gaz à l'air produit à pression atmosphérique est à bas pouvoir calorifique [...] et est destiné à l'alimentation de chaudières de centrales électriques.  2, record 27, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Combustion%20Engineering

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The conversion of coal, char or coke to a gaseous product by reaction with air, oxygen, steam, carbon dioxide, or mixtures of these.  4, record 28, English, - coal%20gasification

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In principle all coal gasification processes involve the reaction of the coal with steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen.  2, record 28, English, - coal%20gasification

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steam/oxygen gasification : term predominantly used by the field's specialists.  5, record 28, English, - coal%20gasification

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] gazéification du charbon [...] ce qu'on appelle couramment gazéification ou plus exactement oxyvapogazéification consiste en une attaque par un mélange d'oxygène (ou d'air) et de vapeur d'eau pour obtenir un mélange gazeux plus ou moins complexe mais conduisant en tout cas, après purification, à un mélange d'hydrogène et d'oxyde de carbone et, après méthanisation, à du méthane, constituant essentiel du GNS.  1, record 28, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20du%20charbon

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oxyvapogazéification : relève d'un niveau de langue hautement technique.  4, record 28, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20du%20charbon

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Flammable gas derived from coal either naturally in place or by induced methods of industrial plants and underground gasification.  3, record 29, English, - coal%20gas

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sometimes given as a synonym for coal gas, the term "town gas" should only be used as such when referring knowingly to a gas manufactured from coal.  4, record 29, English, - coal%20gas

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

coal gas: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 29, English, - coal%20gas

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz obtenu par pyrogénation ou distillation de la houille.  2, record 29, French, - gaz%20de%20houille

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

gaz de houille [...] le gaz provenant de la distillation de la houille contient une forte proportion d'hydrogène, de l'oxyde de carbone, du méthane, des hydrocarbures et des gaz divers [...] en faibles proportions.  2, record 29, French, - gaz%20de%20houille

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gaz de houille : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 29, French, - gaz%20de%20houille

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mezcla de gases procedentes de la destilación destructiva del carbón bituminoso en retortas de arcilla refractaria o de sílice o en hornos de coquización de subproductos. Inflamable. Tóxico.  1, record 29, Spanish, - gas%20de%20hulla

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is the cleanest, most efficient combustion method known. It has been used for decades where clean heat is required.  2, record 30, English, - clean%20heat

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes de chauffage solaire sont une source calorifique propre, n'émettant aucune pollution [...]  2, record 30, French, - source%20calorifique%20propre

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le tableau onze de l'annexe 1 de ONU-80F, 1981, les sources calorifiques propres sont représentées par les gaz propres à faible pouvoir calorifiques, le charbon, le bois, le fumier, le gaz naturel, le gaz naturel de synthèse, le méthanol et l'éthanol.  3, record 30, French, - source%20calorifique%20propre

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the coal... is heated up, devolatilization commences and from a temperature of 1150 to 1400°F(621 to 760°C) onward, devolatilization is accomplished by gasification of the resulting char.  3, record 31, English, - devolatilization

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the [ore-forming] fluids were metamorphically derived during devolatilization reactions associated with prograde metamorphism of deeper crustal rocks.  4, record 31, English, - devolatilization

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ensemble des gaz, goudrons et vapeur d'eau dégagés au cours de la pyrolyse est désigné sous le nom de matières volatiles. [...] la proportion des matières volatiles extraites d'un charbon peut être regardée comme une propriété caractéristique de ce charbon. Le dégagement des matières volatiles s'accompagne de modifications souvent profondes de l'aspect et de la structure de la matière solide.  1, record 31, French, - d%C3%A9gagement%20des%20mati%C3%A8res%20volatiles

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les fluides [minéralisateurs] sont issus de réactions entraînant la libération de substances volatiles au cours du métamorphisme prograde des roches de la croûte profonde.  3, record 31, French, - d%C3%A9gagement%20des%20mati%C3%A8res%20volatiles

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The IGCC [Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle] demonstration plant in Puertollano features many advantages compared to conventional coal fired power stations with flue gas desulphurization(FGD) and DeNOx systems :... The plant consists of the following three main units : Power island, gasification island, and oxygen production plant(Air Separation).... The gasification island is based upon the PRENFLO system, which is a PRessurized ENtrained-FLOw gasifier with dry feeding.... The plant is designed to gasify 2, 600 t/day of the design feedstock, which is a 50/50 mixture of a local high ash coal and a high sulphur petroleum coke. However, the plant can handle a wide range of feedstocks.... [Text accompanied by a schematic diagram. ]  1, record 32, English, - gasification%20island

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Technologie de gazéification intégrée à un cycle combiné. [...] Cycle eau-vapeur. [...] Vapeur produite dans l'îlot gazéification et traitement de gaz. La quantité de vapeur produite au niveau de la section de gazéification et de traitement de gaz est variable suivant le mode de refroidissement du gaz de charbon à la sortie du gazéifieur [...]. Cette vapeur, en général produite sous forme saturée, est injectée au niveau de la chaudière de récupération pour y être surchauffée. Cette vapeur supplémentaire produite au niveau de la chaudière de récupération est détendue dans la turbine à vapeur pour fournir une quantité d'électricité plus importante que dans le cas d'un cycle combiné traditionnel.  1, record 32, French, - %C3%AElot%20gaz%C3%A9ification

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La centrale IGCC [centrale à gazéification intégrée du charbon à cycle combiné] de Buggenum est composée de 5 «îlots», qui sont : - la gazéification; - le traitement du gaz; - le cycle combiné; - l'unité de séparation d'air; - le traitement des effluents liquides. [...] Le cycle eau-vapeur est à 3 niveaux de pression, à resurchauffe, et intégré à l'îlot de gazéification.  2, record 32, French, - %C3%AElot%20gaz%C3%A9ification

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The addition of hydrogen to a chemical compound.  3, record 33, English, - hydrogenation

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrogenation plays an important part in a number of petroleum refining processes, notably hydrocracking and hydrodesulphurization. It is also of significance in a number of coal gasification and coal liquefaction processes, as these are aimed at increasing the hydrogen/carbon ratio from that occurring naturally in coal deposits.  3, record 33, English, - hydrogenation

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrogenation: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 33, English, - hydrogenation

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fixation d'hydrogène sur un corps simple ou composé.  2, record 33, French, - hydrog%C3%A9nation

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrogénation du charbon, procédé de conversion du charbon en hydrocarbures gazeux ou liquides, soit par la voie directe (action de l'hydrogène sur le charbon avec ou sans catalyseur), soit par la voie indirecte (action de l'hydrogène sur divers composés carbonés issus de la vapogazéification du charbon; par exemple procédé Fischer-Tropsch).  2, record 33, French, - hydrog%C3%A9nation

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrogénation : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 33, French, - hydrog%C3%A9nation

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Introducción y fijación de átomos de hidrógeno en las moléculas de un cuerpo.  1, record 33, Spanish, - hidrogenaci%C3%B3n

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inco maintains even today that the stack is an effective long-term solution [to sulphur pollution and] is not a substantial contributor to acid rain. As an alternative means of reducing its sulphur dioxide emission, Inco announced plans in mid-1970 to construct another large sulphuric acid plant.  1, record 34, English, - sulphuric%20acid%20plant

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

While seeking this better technology, other options presently being considered include a combination of the following :(1) low sulphur coal,(2) hydrometallurgy,(3) coal gasification,(4) coal scrubbing-reducing the sulphur by washing,(5) acid plants-removing SO2 and converting it to sulphuric acid for various uses.  4, record 34, English, - sulphuric%20acid%20plant

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Usine, ou section d'une usine, qui assure la récupération de l'anhydride sulfureux afin de réduire ce type d'émissions atmosphériques et qui permet la transformation du soufre en vue de sa commercialisation sous forme d'acide sulfurique.  3, record 34, French, - usine%20d%27acide%20sulfurique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que les tests de laboratoire se soient avérés positifs, des essais ultérieurs à l'échelle industrielle ont démontré que le projet ne parvenait qu'à éliminer 10 p. cent des gaz sulfureux contrairement au procédé classique, qui par la construction d'une usine d'acide sulfurique , parvient à en éliminer 40 p. cent. [...] l'on n'est même pas certain de trouver des débouchés pour l'acide sulfurique que l'on utilise généralement pour la production d'engrais chimique.  4, record 34, French, - usine%20d%27acide%20sulfurique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour de plus amples renseignements sur cette notion, consulter le cahier de néologie sur les pluies acides (OLFNE 1985 no 40-41).  5, record 34, French, - usine%20d%27acide%20sulfurique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

More deliberate efforts should be implemented to substitute coal for woodfuel. To this end, the [Energy Commission] shall develop a strategy for expanded coal utilisation considering such issues as costs, efficient coal stove development, coal briquetting, coal gasification and the use of coal bed methane.  1, record 35, English, - coal%20briquetting

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le briquetage du charbon de bois, de préférence à d'autres options moins avantageuses (densification), offre de bonnes possibilités car il utilise en principe une partie non négligeable des déchets de fabrication tels que les poussières et débris qui se forment lors de la manipulation.  1, record 35, French, - briquetage%20du%20charbon

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gas and oil pipelines : the construction of installations for natural gas gasification or liquefaction...  1, record 36, English, - natural%20gas%20gasification

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gazoduc, oléoduc : la construction d'une installation de gazéification ou de liquéfaction du gaz naturel [...]  1, record 36, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20du%20gaz%20naturel

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a process in which hydrogen reacts with organics to generate a methane-rich gas product [which] is then processed to separate the acid gases and carbon monoxide from the methane.  3, record 37, English, - hydrogasification

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Direct gasification of organic wastes(especially manure) with hydrogen at high temperature(500-600°C) and pressure(1, 000 psi) to produce substitute pipeline gas(methane, ethane).  4, record 37, English, - hydrogasification

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hydrogasification reaction is highly exothermic, which makes the additional heat unnecessary when solid wastes having high moisture contents are being converted.  3, record 37, English, - hydrogasification

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] procédé qui consiste d'abord à transformer une partie de la biomasse en hydrogène par gazéification, puis à convertir le gaz produit pour en augmenter la teneur en hydrogène.  2, record 37, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gaz riche en hydrogène [produit au début de l'hydrogazéification] réagit ensuite avec le reste de la biomasse, à une température et une pression élevées, pour donner un gaz de synthèse à haute teneur en méthane; celui-ci est ensuite enrichi pour produire un gaz naturel synthétique (GNS) d'une qualité propre à la livraison par pipe-line. La réaction de l'hydrogazéification est très exothermique, ce qui permet de traiter la biomasse très humide sans apport de chaleur supplémentaire.  2, record 37, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'hydrogazéification est la réaction de matières carbonées en présence d'hydrogène et d'une forte pression qui produit 210 m³ de méthane par tonne de déchets [...]  3, record 37, French, - hydrogaz%C3%A9ification

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multi-stage gasification of biomass for conversion into electrical energy.  2, record 38, English, - multi%2Dstage%20gasification

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] procédé [qui] consiste à séparer, individualiser les différentes réactions présentes au cours de la gazéification de la biomasse en vue d'optimiser la production d'un gaz à moyen/haut pouvoir calorifique avec des teneurs en goudron faibles.  2, record 38, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To utilize this material, testwork has been underway to convert pitch into useful products through catalytic pyrolysis of pitch followed by catalytic gasification of the remaining char, both in fluidized-bed reactors.  1, record 39, English, - catalytic%20pyrolysis

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En vue d'utiliser ce produit, on a effectué des essais pour le convertir en produit utile par pyrolyse catalytique suivie d'une gazéification catalytique du produit de carbonisation restant, ces deux opérations étant réalisées dans des réacteurs à lit fluidisé.  1, record 39, French, - pyrolyse%20catalytique

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The equipment in which cracking is carried out.  3, record 40, English, - cracker

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Used namely in the gasification of biomasses for the production of methanol.  4, record 40, English, - cracker

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité de raffinage dans laquelle se produit la réaction de craquage des hydrocarbures.  4, record 40, French, - craqueur

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in a fluidized-bed gasifier... the fuel is kept in suspension and experiences high temperatures which are produced by partial combustion. The advantage of fluidized-bed gasification is seen in the high heat transfer which enables the system to produce high power in a small volume.  2, record 41, English, - fluidized%20bed%20gasifier

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogène [qui] comprend essentiellement un lit fluidisé dans lequel des particules sont mises en suspension [...]  1, record 41, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le lit fluidisé le combustible est maintenu en suspension, il est successivement pyrolysé puis gazéifié à une température d'au moins 850 °C afin de craquer les goudrons formés. La température est maintenue très uniforme [...]  1, record 41, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20en%20lit%20fluidis%C3%A9

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Underground coal gasification(UCG) involves the in-place conversion of coal to gaseous fuels using air as the gasifying agent... It eliminates the need for an underground mine labour force and minimizes the environmental problems associated with mining as well as with ash disposal and emissions to the atmosphere that arise in surface processing plants.  1, record 42, English, - underground%20coal%20gasification

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gazéification in situ. Elle consiste à traiter le charbon [...] dans le sous-sol lui-même. Cela devrait permettre d'éviter les opérations de manutention et de minage, et d'atteindre économiquement des couches profondes [...] non exploitées aujourd'hui.  1, record 42, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20in%20situ

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lurgi has performed gasification using a wide variety of gasification agents, such as mixtures of steam with oxygen, air and carbon dioxide...  1, record 43, English, - gasification%20agent

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'agent gazéifiant est un mélange d'air et de vapeur d'eau [...]  1, record 43, French, - agent%20gaz%C3%A9ifiant

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasifier systems used or proposed for biomass are primarily oxygen- or steam-fluidized bed units which produce synthesis gas and superheated steam. The synthesis gas is taken to a shift reactor where the carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide and the gases are scrubbed to remove the carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide (if any) and water vapour prior to application to a catalyst bed where the methanol is formed.  2, record 44, English, - shift%20reactor

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

shift conversion : A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide....  3, record 44, English, - shift%20reactor

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coal gasification process that uses several pressurized fluidized-bed reactors to devolatilize coal or lignite and then to gasify the devolatilized char with steam.  1, record 45, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The hot calcined dolomite, changed to oxide form, serves as a heat carrier medium and the ’acceptor’ material from which the process derives its name.  1, record 45, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂  4, record 45, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé CO2 accepteur. [...] on a fait ainsi circuler de la chaux (ou de la dolomite) qui, en absorbant le CO2 fourni en cours de gazéification, permet d'obtenir la chaleur nécessaire à la poursuite de la réaction  1, record 45, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On trouve parfois «procédé avec fixation de CO2», d'après la Revue de l'Institut français du pétrole, vol. 34, n° 4, 1979, p. 604.  5, record 45, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂  6, record 45, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gasification reactor in which the products(generally organic) being processed are circulated(moved) either mechanically or by gravity flow; used in catalytic and absorption processes.  4, record 46, English, - moving%20bed%20gasifier

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gazogène dans lequel le combustible solide faisant l'objet d'un traitement, se déplace mécaniquement ou par gravité.  3, record 46, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20lit%20mobile

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The different technologies for fuelling furnaces and the different forms of biomass are shown in Figures 9 and 10.... These can be classified as through-burning, bottom-burning or as injected furnaces, since the gasification can take place in a pre-furnace or in the furnace itself.  2, record 47, English, - Dutch%20oven%20extension

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil placé en avant du foyer d'une chaudière, et dans lequel a lieu le début de la combustion.  1, record 47, French, - avant%2Dfoyer

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion.... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 48, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft" (or coflow) gasifiers ... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air (oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 48, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 48, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 48, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In fluidized beds and suspension gasification, there is continuous relative motion of the discrete solid particles, while in fixed bed gasifiers there is much slower stratified motion of the solid bed as a whole, generally downward by gravity. The gas can then pass either in the opposite direction to the fuel(updraft or counterflow gasifiers)... or in the same direction(downdraft or coflow gasifiers).... While fixed bed coal gasifiers are updraft, biomass gasifiers can be either updraft or downdraft, depending on the purpose for which the gas is to be used. Updraft gasifiers can use very wet wood, but because the pyrolysis products are immediately cooled, the gas contains up to 30% of tar and oil.  1, record 49, English, - updraft%20gasifier

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple appareil de gazéification, à l'air (...), où les gaz montent à travers une couche de bois fixe disposée sur une grille (...) La combustion partielle et la gazéification du charbon de bois se produisent au point le plus chaud, c'est-à-dire sur la grille; les gaz dégagés traversent la couche de bois en cours de pyrolyse puis de séchage en emmenant de l'eau, des matières pyroligneuses et des goudrons. Il faut que ces gaz sortent à température assez élevée pour empêcher les condensations. Il faut également que ces gaz soient utilisés, brûlés immédiatement. Mais la difficulté due à la présence de goudrons subsiste.  1, record 49, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20classique

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several thermochemical methods for converting biomass into chemicals, fuels and synthetic gases are currently under development. Various reactor configurations, catalysts and reaction conditions are employed depending primarily upon the desired product. Steam gasification is one method being developed for the production of synthetic gases from biomass. Steam gasification involves contacting biomass at elevated temperatures with water vapor. The overall conversion of biomass to gases can be represented by two stages. During the first stage-the rapid volatilization stage-biomass reacts rapidly to produce gases, condensible liquids and a char residue. In the second stage the char residue is slowly converted to gases by pyrolysis and the carbon-steam reaction....  1, record 50, English, - steam%20gasification

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode employée pour la production de gaz de synthèse par la dégradation de biomasse à une température élevée en phase vapeur.  3, record 50, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vapogazéification des charbons de bois (...) est examinée à la pression atmosphérique et pour des températures atteignant 900 °C (...)  1, record 50, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

spouted bed gasifier.... a single-chamber air-fed gasifier operated on a cyclical basis, to yield a high calorific-value gas essentially uncontaminated by carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Wood chips or wood pellets are fed on top of a bed of hot sand in the reactor, and are then mixed by spouting the bed using steam. Some gasification occurs during this phase, but most takes place during the ensuing "cooking" phase during which the bed is static. When the temperature has fallen to a suitably low value air is admitted to burn the char and raise the temperature of the sand to its original value. Wood is then added to begin a new cycle.  1, record 51, English, - spouted%2Dbed%20gasifier

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Lit fluidisé avec giclage», tiré des Actes du colloque franco-québécois sur l'énergie des biomasses, 15-16 octobre 1979.  2, record 51, French, - gaz%C3%A9ificateur%20%C3%A0%20lit%20%C3%A0%20surface%20inclin%C3%A9e

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To utilize this material, testwork has been underway to convert pitch into useful products through catalytic pyrolysis of pitch followed by catalytic gasification of the remaining char, both in fluidized-bed reactors.  2, record 52, English, - catalytic%20gasification

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En vue d'utiliser ce produit, on a effectué des essais pour le convertir en produit utile par pyrolyse catalytique suivie d'une gazéification catalytique du produit de carbonisation restant, ces deux opérations étant réalisées dans des réacteurs à lit fluidisé.  1, record 52, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20catalytique

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reactors. The most widely applied reactors for gasification of biomass are the moving bed types and the fluidized bed types.... Moving bed-counter current. The moving bed reactor is a vertical shaft through which the biomass flows slowly downwards as a packed bed. The reactor has a gastight feeding system at the top and an ash removal system at the bottom. The moving bed reactor is used for biomass having dimensions of 1 to 10 cm. Three sub-types can be distinguished : cocurrent, countercurrent and cross-current reactors. The countercurrent moving bed gasifier is the most simple reactor type. The gas, produced in the reduction zone, leaves the reactor together with the pyrolysis products and the steam from the drying zone. The producer gas is rich in hydrocarbons and it has a temperature of about 400°C. The gas can be used for direct heating purposes. If it is to be used for electricity generation by internal combustion engines, it has to be cleaned thoroughly.  2, record 53, English, - countercurrent%20moving%20bed%20reactor

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) réacteurs (...) dans lesquels les flux d'alimentation et de sortie circulent en sens inverse de part et d'autre de la membrane, [et qui] réalisent simultanément la catalyse enzymatique et la purification du produit.  1, record 53, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) les supports membranaires peuvent équiper des réacteurs de conceptions technologiques très diverses. Dans certains cas, la membrane constitue une simple barrière physique retenant les macromolécules dans le compartiment réactionnel : c'est le principe des membranes d'infiltration utilisées pour récupérer le biocatalyseur dans les réacteurs agités (...)  1, record 53, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF

biomass materials with low moisture content, generally 8% to 10%.  2, record 54, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The allowable moisture content for dry fuel varies with requirements of the combustion or gasification system.  2, record 54, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The residue fired thermal oil heater ... utilizes a factory pre-fabricated system, consisting of the burner and thermal oil heater, minimizing the amount of field direction required. These units are offered in two configurations, one for burning dry fuel, and the other suitable for wet hogged fuel.  3, record 54, English, - dry%20fuel

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal coastal lumber mills consume most of their own wood residues to generate steam and power.  4, record 54, English, - dry%20fuel