TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The volume of gas obtained in the carbonisation process or gasification process expressed as m³/te(or ft³/ton) of the fuel feed. Reference conditions should be stated.  2, record 1, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methane Production Potential. ... In the anaerobic process, a certain amount of gas is produced per pound of volatile solids broken down or destroyed by the bacteria. This is referred to as "gas yield". ... Table 1. Potential gas production of swine, dairy, poultry and beef. ... Gas yield, cu. ft. per lb. volatile solids destroyed.  3, record 1, English, - gas%20yield

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparison between the pyrolysis of two types of polyethylenes in a fluidized bed reactor. ... Methane, benzene and toluene formation was favored at high residence time. Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butene, and pentane cracked to different extents with increasing residence time and/or temperature. Maximum total gas yield obtained at 800°C from branched polyethylene and less branched polyethylene in continuous operation is 91.8 and 97.5%, respectively.  4, record 1, English, - gas%20yield

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volume de gaz obtenu par la carbonisation ou par la gazéification, rapporté à la masse de combustibles mis en œuvre et exprimé en m³/t. Les conditions de référence doivent être indiquées dans chaque cas.  1, record 1, French, - rendement%20en%20gaz

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Volumen de gas obtenido en la carbonización o en la gasificación expresado en m³/T del combustible introducido. Debe indicarse las condiciones en que se mide el gas.  1, record 1, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20gas

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen.  2, record 2, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the primary products of the oxygen-deficient decomposition are non-condensible fuel or synthesis gases, the process is known as gasification.  3, record 2, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The distinction between "pyrolysis" and "incineration" is that in a "pyrolysis unit" the organic material or carbon is not fully oxidised and the residue still has a heating value.  4, record 2, English, - pyrolysis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pyrolysis: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 2, English, - pyrolysis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Décomposition thermique de matières organiques en l'absence d'oxygène ou en atmosphère pauvre en oxygène.  2, record 2, French, - pyrolyse

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principaux procédés de combustion sont : - l'incinération : combustion en présence d'un excès d'oxygène, - la pyrolyse : combustion en atmosphère déficitaire en oxygène, qui entraîne la gazéification d'une partie des matières organiques, - la pyrohydrolyse : réaction avec la vapeur d'eau vers 800 °C, - la combustion en milieu sels fondus, - la digestion acide : oxydation en milieu acide H₂SO₄ + HNO₃.  3, record 2, French, - pyrolyse

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pyrolyse : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 2, French, - pyrolyse

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Degradación térmica de la materia orgánica en ausencia de oxígeno.  2, record 2, Spanish, - pir%C3%B3lisis

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pirólisis. Descomposición físico-química del material degradable de los desechos sólidos, debido a la acción de la temperatura en una atmósfera deficiente de oxígeno; no produce contaminación atmosférica apreciable y la cantidad de residuos resultante es mayor que en la incineración. La tecnología de pirólisis está en fase de experimentación.  3, record 2, Spanish, - pir%C3%B3lisis

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide...  6, record 3, English, - shift%20conversion

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conversion [...] Procédé de conversion, traitement au rouge de l'oxyde de carbone CO par un excès de vapeur d'eau au contact d'un catalyseur [...] pour la transformer en hydrogène et gaz carbonique.  1, record 3, French, - conversion

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyrolytic Reactions and Products of Biomass.... Presence of air increases the rate of decomposition and pyrolysis by oxidation of the substrate at the lower temperatures. At the higher temperatures oxidation of the volatile pyrolysis products results in flaming combustion and oxidation of the char leads to smoldering or incandescence combustion according to the rate of reaction. Presence of water and steam is also known to speed up the breakdown and degradation of the molecules by hydrolysis of the substrate and rearrangement of the intermediate products. This process, known as hydrothermolysis, may be catalyzed by acids or alkali reagents as discussed later. At higher temperatures the steam plays a more direct and better known role as a reactant in the gasification of char and related processes. At the higher temperatures, CO₂ and H₂ could also function as reactants.  1, record 4, English, - hydrothermolysis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically, the gasification of solid fuels takes place at elevated temperatures. The heat required for the heating and conversion, is either provided through partial combustion(autothermic process) or through supply of external heat(allothermic process). Compared to the autothermic gasification, the allothermic gasification has the advantage that the fuel does not have to be partially burned in the gasification zone, in order to provide the necessary heat. In the allothermic gasification, the heat can be provided from any external sources, such as for instance high-temperature core reactors, but also from combustion chambers, wherein a fraction of the gas product is burned.  3, record 5, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Allothermal gasification requires the supply of externally generated heat since the reaction of biological raw material with steam into combustible gas is altogether endothermal.  4, record 5, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe [...] la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon. On obtient ainsi un gaz à pouvoir calorifique élevé qui convient bien à l'alimentation des turbines à gaz commerciales.  2, record 5, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20allothermique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Through the years many modifications of the gasification process have been developed, such as, for instance, alternating injection and production through the injection and discharge holes respectively, gasification with the forward line-burn, the reverse line-burn or the longwall method, injection of the above-mentioned gases and liquid in different ratios, variation of the pressure, introduction of additional water through the supply hole or the discharge hole...  1, record 6, English, - reverse%20line%2Dburn

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rétrocombustion : Source : Consensus sept. 78, p. 95.  4, record 6, French, - combustion%20%C3%A0%20contre%2Dcourant

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process, by which any grade of coal is transformed into a liquid transportation fuel.  3, record 7, English, - coal%2Dto%2Dliquid%20process

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

hydropyrolysis : A coal-to-liquid process in which bituminous coal, lignite, tars, sand and related materials are rapidly heated to 1000-1100 degrees K in pressurized hydrogen gasification reactors to generate pure methane.  4, record 7, English, - coal%2Dto%2Dliquid%20process

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le charbon peut [...] devenir pétrole suivant le procédé CTL (coal to liquid).  3, record 7, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20conversion%20du%20charbon%20en%20carburant%20liquide

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le procédé CTL n'a qu'une efficacité de 50%, et le pétrole fournit deux fois plus d'énergie que le charbon.  4, record 7, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20conversion%20du%20charbon%20en%20carburant%20liquide

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A high-pressure coal gasification process using pure oxygen as the combustion gas.  4, record 8, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When using air or oxygen with steam, coal may be gasified ... in lump form in fixed beds (as in gas producers or in the Lurgi process); ...  5, record 8, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This] coal gasification process [has been] developed in Germany... It produces a gas of somewhat lower heat value than natural gas.  6, record 8, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Unlike the Koppers-Jotzek process, which will operate with any type of coal, the Lurgi process requires fines (very small particles) to be removed and the coal to be no more than weakly coking.  4, record 8, English, - Lurgi%20process

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Lurgi. C'est un procédé continu à l'oxygène dénommé en lit fixe [...] et sous pression [...]  1, record 8, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Lurgi

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Process] for indirect liquefaction of ... lignite into methanol and other liquid fuels ...  2, record 9, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

High-Temperature Winkler coal gasification process.  3, record 9, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 PHR

HTW coal gasification process.  3, record 9, English, - High%2DTemperature%20Winkler%20process

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Winkler Haute Température (HTW). Rheinbraun, producteur de lignite [...] et Uhde, société d'ingénierie, ont entrepris en 1975, la mise au point d'un procédé Winkler amélioré, différent principalement du procédé classique par le fait qu'on opère sous une pression de l'ordre de 10 bars et à une température plus élevée.  2, record 9, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Winkler%20Haute%20Temp%C3%A9rature

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Hydrane(HYDRANE) process is a promising coal gasification process for producing high-Btu gas... from any raw coal of bituminous or lower rank and is based on the two-stage hydrogasifier concept developed at the U. S. Bureau of Mines...  1, record 10, English, - Hydrane%20process

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Procédés d'hydrogénation autothermique [...] orientés vers la production de GNS. [...] Hydrane (E.-U.). L'étude en laboratoire de ce procédé développé par le Bureau of Mines est presque terminée. [...] Le gaz obtenu contient 70% de méthane et seule une méthanation complémentaire s'avère nécessaire.  2, record 10, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Hydrane

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coal gasification process that uses several pressurized fluidized-bed reactors to devolatilize coal or lignite and then to gasify the devolatilized char with steam.  1, record 11, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The hot calcined dolomite, changed to oxide form, serves as a heat carrier medium and the ’acceptor’ material from which the process derives its name.  1, record 11, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂  4, record 11, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20acceptor%20process

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé CO2 accepteur. [...] on a fait ainsi circuler de la chaux (ou de la dolomite) qui, en absorbant le CO2 fourni en cours de gazéification, permet d'obtenir la chaleur nécessaire à la poursuite de la réaction  1, record 11, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On trouve parfois «procédé avec fixation de CO2», d'après la Revue de l'Institut français du pétrole, vol. 34, n° 4, 1979, p. 604.  5, record 11, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CO₂  6, record 11, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CO2%20accepteur

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasifier systems used or proposed for biomass are primarily oxygen- or steam-fluidized bed units which produce synthesis gas and superheated steam. The synthesis gas is taken to a shift reactor where the carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide and the gases are scrubbed to remove the carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide (if any) and water vapour prior to application to a catalyst bed where the methanol is formed.  2, record 12, English, - shift%20reactor

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

shift conversion : A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide....  3, record 12, English, - shift%20reactor

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasification is a thermal process to convert solid fuel into gasified fuel by non-stoichiometric, partial combustion.... The most established gasifier system is the down-draught gasifier. It produces an almost tar-free gas and can be constructed on a relatively large scale compared to other systems. Its disadvantage is the requirement for fuel preparation, which must be well cut, uniform wood or charcoal, with a moisture content not greater than 20%.  2, record 13, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "downdraft" (or coflow) gasifiers ... used widely during World War II produce very little tar and oil and are much more practical in small sizes for producing clean gas. Air (oxygen) is introduced at nozzles or tuyères which form a complex reaction zone not amenable to scale-up or simple analysis.  3, record 13, English, - downdraft%20gasifier

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gazogènes [...] dans lesquels l'air est introduit sous la zone de combustion. La chaleur dégagée par la combustion produit la pyrolyse ou la distillation du bois placé au dessus, mais les pyroligneux et les goudrons produits sont contraints à descendre, à passer à travers la zone de charbon de bois en ignition; ils sont donc craqués, réduits à l'état de CO + H₂ essentiellement. Il n'y a pratiquement plus de pyroligneux, ni de goudron.  2, record 13, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est ce type de gazéifeur (ou gazogène) qui a été utilisé sur les camions et les voitures durant la dernière guerre (type Imbert).  2, record 13, French, - gazog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20tirage%20invers%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The exothermic oxygen-consuming reactions occur very rapidly to supply the heat for endothermic reactions of carbon with steam and, to a lesser extent, CO₂. The rate of the CO₂-C reaction is relatively low. The approach of the water-gas shift reaction is dependent upon the gasification process, gasification temperature, residence time, nature of the fuel, and catalytic activity of the ash.  1, record 14, English, - water%2Dgas%20shift%20reaction

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The restoration of coking properties and upgrading of poor coal for different industrial utilization using the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H₂O) continued.  3, record 14, English, - water%2Dgas%20shift%20reaction

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

1.2. Gazéification par l'oxygène et la vapeur d'eau (oxyvapogazéification). 1.2.1. Les principales réactions. En pratique, les réactions de l'oxygène et de la vapeur d'eau sur le charbon n'interviennent de façon notable qu'après que le charbon ait été décomposé par pyrolyse. Il suffit donc de considérer les réactions de O₂ et H₂O sur le carbone. (...) Au total, le carbone en présence d'oxygène et vapeur d'eau est transformé en un mélange de CO, CO₂, H₂, H₂O. Ces quatre constituants peuvent réagir entre eux en phase gazeuse suivant, dite réaction de conversion ou réaction d'équilibre du gaz à l'eau.  1, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20conversion

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La réaction de conversion est une réaction homogène en phase gazeuse très faiblement endothermique; la constante d'équilibre K croît donc faiblement avec la température et elle reste basse dans tout le domaine des températures considérées en pratique. La réaction est donc franchement réversible. Si elle n'intervient pas sur le taux de gazéification, elle joue un rôle déterminant sur la composition du gaz et notamment le rapport CO/H₂.  1, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20conversion

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Low energy gas(LEG) is produced by air gasification processes where a portion of the input wood(about 20 percent) is combusted with air to provide process heat. LEG can be used to displace fossil fuels by retrofitting oil or gas-fired boilers, kilns, dryers and space heaters. In addition, it can be cooled and cleaned for use in internal combustion engines to generate shaft power or electricity. Due to the low energy content, economics dictate that the gas be used immediately and not piped great distances.  1, record 15, English, - low%20energy%20gas

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coal gasification process being developed to produce pipeline quality gas.... A fluidized bed gasifier is used to produce a medium-Btu gas which can be upgraded to a high-Btu gas.  1, record 16, English, - Synthane%20process

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé synthane du Pittsburgh Energy Research Center (PERC). C'est un procédé en lit fluidisé sous pression d'oxyvapogazéification.  1, record 16, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Synthane

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process for converting coal into a gaseous fuel. Pulverized coal and steam are introduced... directly into a column of hydrogen-rich gas... which is produced in the bottom of the gasifier by the slagging gasification of char with oxygen and steam...  1, record 17, English, - bi%2Dgas%20process

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé Bigas de Bituminous Coal Research. Il s'agit d'un procédé du type à lit entraîné, d'oxyvapogazéification avec injection de charbon broyé finement [...]  1, record 17, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Bigas

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pyrolysis is the physical and chemical decomposition of organic matter brought about by the action of heat in the absence of oxygen... Most wood gasification systems commonly referred to as involving "pyrolysis" involve true pyrolysis as but one reaction in a multi-stage process with oxygen or air combustion being used to generate the necessary heat in another part of the reactor.  1, record 18, English, - wood%20gasification%20system

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Development work carried out by Shell and Koppers has led to the commissioning of a 150 tons/day pilot plant for pressurized gasification(the Shell Koppers process) aimed at removing the need to compress the product gas and at reducing the size and cost of gas-processing equipment.  1, record 19, English, - Shell%20Koppers%20process

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Shell et Koppers se sont (...) réunis pour développer un procédé (...) Le procédé Shell-Koppers est du type à lit entraîné (ou à double flux) sous pression. (...) Il produit du gaz propre sans laisser de sous-produits gênants, sans poser de problème d'environnement.  1, record 19, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Shell%2DKoppers

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish