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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gastrocnemius is the most superficial muscle in the posterior compartment [of the leg] and forms the proximal, most prominent part of the calf.... Main action : plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; flexes leg at knee joint.  3, record 1, English, - gastrocnemius%20muscle

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

musculus gastrocnemius: Terminologia Anatomica (international anatomical terminology adopted by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology).  4, record 1, English, - gastrocnemius%20muscle

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Muscle large, épais et oval qui occupe la partie superficielle de la face postérieure de la jambe et permet l'extension du pied et l'élévation du talon.  3, record 1, French, - muscle%20gastrocn%C3%A9mien

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Muscle essentiel pour la marche.  3, record 1, French, - muscle%20gastrocn%C3%A9mien

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

musculus gastrocnemius : Terminologia Anatomica (terminologie internationale adoptée par le Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology).  3, record 1, French, - muscle%20gastrocn%C3%A9mien

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test to distinguish between gastrocnemius and soleus muscle tightness which result in the limitation of dorsal and plantar flexion of the foot when the knee is extended. With the patient sitting on the edge of the examining table, the knee joint is flexed. If ankle dorsiflexion is possible when the knee is flexed, the gastrocnemius muscle is the cause of the limitation, since flexion of the knee slackens the gastrocnemius(a two-joint muscle) by bringing its origin closer to its insertion. Since the soleus is a one-joint muscle, it is not affected by flexion of the knee; if the soleus is responsible for the limited motion, the limitation will be the same whether or not the knee is flexed.  2, record 2, English, - ankle%20dorsiflexion%20test

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A series of abnormal reflex movements of the foot, induced by sudden dorsiflexion of the foot, which causes alternate contraction and relaxation of the triceps surae muscle(gastrocnemius and soleus muscles).  1, record 3, English, - ankle%20clonus

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clonus ou série de réflexes provoqués par la flexion brusque du pied sur la jambe.  2, record 3, French, - clonus%20du%20pied

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypertonie musculaire : elle résulte de l'interruption de la voie motrice principale ou voie pyramidale. Cette hypertonie ou contracture pyramidale, s'appelle spasticité. Elle est provoquée par une majoration de l'activité gamma du réflexe myotatique. Elle est aussi responsable du clonus du pied ou de la rotule et de l'hyper-réflectivité tendineuse (Ex. paraplégie spasmodique en extension).  1, record 3, French, - clonus%20du%20pied

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg(the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae.  2, record 4, English, - soleus%20muscle

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Muscle balance involves increasing or decreasing the relative strength of a muscle. It also includes redirection of muscle tendons to change their mechanical retrograde pull. Tendoachilles lengthening, gastrocnemius lengthening, anterior tendon teno-suspension, and the Kidner procedure exemplify this method.  2, record 5, English, - Kidner%20procedure

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La simple exérèse a été aussi efficace que la technique de Kidner (réorientation de l'insertion principale du tibial postérieur), à la condition que la face interne du scaphoïde principal ait été mobile pour empêcher toute saillie résiduelle.  1, record 5, French, - technique%20de%20Kidner

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish