TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gastrointestinal(GI) tract of mammals is home to a large number and high diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, which together build a complex micro-ecosystem and shape the host's physiology[. Many] studies have focused on the role of bacteria in the gut microbiome while overlooking the intestinal fungi, partly because of the low abundance of the latter, as they account for only 0. 01–0. 1% of the whole community... However, accumulating evidence suggests that the fungal community, also referred to as the mycobiota, is indeed an important member of the microbiota, thereby requiring detailed characterization... the gut mycobiota has also been implicated in various pathologies, particularly in intestinal inflammation and infection.  3, record 1, English, - intestinal%20mycobiota

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de champignons microscopiques qui constituent une partie du microbiote intestinal.  2, record 1, French, - mycobiote%20intestinal

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mycobiote intestinal : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 18 juillet 2025.  3, record 1, French, - mycobiote%20intestinal

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Systemic administration refers to administration of the drug where the drug is distributed in the systemic circulation. Example: An oral antibiotic tablet for an infected wound.  2, record 2, English, - systemic%20administration

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Administration can take place via enteral administration(absorption of the drug through the gastrointestinal tract)... or parenteral administration(generally injection, infusion, or implantation).  3, record 2, English, - systemic%20administration

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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L'administration d'un produit anticancéreux se fait soit par voie générale, soit par voie locale ou régionale. L'administration par voie générale peut être faite sous forme orale (comprimés) ou sous forme injectable.  3, record 2, French, - administration%20par%20voie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La administración por vía general o sistémica de este tipo de fármacos para tratar disfunciones sexuales, al menos aquellas con una causa muy localizada, no parece deseable ya que, como se mencionó arriba, afectaría a la inervación vegetativa de gran parte del cuerpo, produciendo alteraciones generales en su funcionamiento.  2, record 2, Spanish, - administraci%C3%B3n%20sist%C3%A9mica

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Los efectos sistémicos secundarios son menos frecuentes y severos con las inhalaciones que con la administración sistémica (endovenosa u oral), además es menos dolorosa y relativamente más confortable que otras vías.  3, record 2, Spanish, - administraci%C3%B3n%20sist%C3%A9mica

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Concealing of drugs within the gastrointestinal tract or other body orifice for purposes of drug smuggling or to avoid detection by law enforcement.  2, record 3, English, - body%20packing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dissimulation de drogues dans le tube digestif ou un autre orifice du corps à des fins de contrebande ou pour éviter la détection par les forces de l'ordre.  4, record 3, French, - dissimulation%20intracorporelle

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The gastrocolic reflex is a physiological reflex that controls the motility of the lower gastrointestinal tract following a meal. As a result of the gastrocolic reflex, the colon has increased motility in response to the stretch of the stomach with the ingestion of food. The gastrocolic reflex allows room for the consumption of more food via control over peristalsis and movement of ingested food distally toward the rectum.  2, record 4, English, - gastrocolic%20reflex

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Le réflexe gastrocolique qui correspond à la stimulation de la motricité colorectale par la distension de l'estomac est anormal chez les patients souffrant du SCI [syndrome du côlon irritable].  2, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9flexe%20gastrocolique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reflejo fisiológico que se produce en ciertos animales, incluyendo el ser humano, cuando los alimentos (sólidos y/o líquidos) llegan a un estómago vacío, provocando movimientos peristálticos en el tracto gastrointestinal (especialmente el colon).  1, record 4, Spanish, - reflejo%20gastroc%C3%B3lico

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The incretins are gastrointestinal polypeptide hormones that act to modulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. These hormones include glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide(GIP), and they are secreted from the upper gastrointestinal tract in response to feeding.  2, record 5, English, - incretin

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Les incrétines sont sécrétées par le tube digestif lors de la prise d'un repas. Elles stimulent la sécrétion d'insuline par les cellules bêta du pancréas lorsque la glycémie est trop élevée (glycémie postprandiale), mais sans risque d'hypoglycémie.  2, record 5, French, - incr%C3%A9tine

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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The gut hormone peptide YY(PYY) is a 36-amino acid peptide that is synthesized and released from specialized enteroendocrine cells called L-cells found predominantly within the distal GI [gastrointestinal] tract.  4, record 6, English, - peptide%20YY

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Peptide YY (PYY) is released from the distal small intestine and colon after meals and reduces appetite by increasing satiety. The amount of PYY released is proportional to calories ingested.  5, record 6, English, - peptide%20YY

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Le PYY est une hormone intestinale sécrétée par les cellules endocrines de l'épithélium intestinal. Les plus fortes concentrations intracellulaires de PYY se trouvent au niveau de l'iléon et du côlon et même au niveau du rectum chez l'homme [...] Une importante sécrétion de PYY dans la circulation sanguine a lieu après l'ingestion d'un repas. La concentration de PYY plasmatique augmente alors progressivement à partir de la quinzième minute et reste élevée pendant plusieurs heures. Cependant, l'intensité de la sécrétion de PYY dépend de la valeur calorique du repas : plus un repas est énergétique et riche en graisses, plus la sécrétion de PYY est importante [...]  4, record 6, French, - peptide%20YY

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Semaglutide belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor agonists. It mimics the GLP-1 hormone that is released in the gastrointestinal tract in response to eating. One role of GLP-1 is to prompt the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood glucose(sugar). GLP-1 in higher amounts also interacts with the parts of the brain that reduce appetite and signal a feeling of fullness.  1, record 7, English, - semaglutide

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Le sémaglutide est un analogue du GLP-1 [qui] agit comme agoniste des récepteurs du GLP-1 [...] Le sémaglutide réduit la glycémie de façon glucose-dépendante en stimulant la sécrétion d'insuline et en réduisant la sécrétion de glucagon lorsque la glycémie est élevée. Le mécanisme de réduction de la glycémie entraîne également un léger retard de la vidange gastrique en début de phase postprandiale. Lors d'une hypoglycémie, le sémaglutide diminue la sécrétion d'insuline sans altérer la sécrétion du glucagon.  1, record 7, French, - s%C3%A9maglutide

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The three basic routes of drug administration are enteral, parenteral, and topical.... The enteral route uses the gastrointestinal(GI) tract for the ingestion and absorption of drugs. The most common method of administering drugs through the enteral route is orally. The enteral route also includes drugs that are administered through a nasogastric(NG) or a gastronomy(G) tube.  1, record 8, English, - enteral%20route

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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A parenteral route may be chosen because the patient cannot tolerate oral drugs, cannot swallow, or has a condition that warrants resting the GI [gastrointestinal] tract or keeping it empty. Muscle mass must be sufficient for the volume of a drug given intramuscularly.  2, record 9, English, - parenteral%20route

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

parenteral: Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract, as by intravenous or intramuscular injection.  3, record 9, English, - parenteral%20route

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

parentéral : Qui s'administre par une voie autre que la voie digestive, généralement sous la forme d'injection intraveineuse, musculaire, sous-cutanée.  2, record 9, French, - voie%20parent%C3%A9rale

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Administración de fármacos por cualquier vía distinta de la [vía digestiva]. Algunas son mediante la efracción tisular con una inyección que requiere de técnicas asépticas y otras que no la necesitan (tópica en piel y mucosas); las que requieren inyección, a su vez, son de dos tipos, las intravasculares (I.V., I.A., I.C) y las extravasculares (I.M., I.D., S.C., I.R., I.P., I.Pe., I.Ar., etc)  1, record 9, Spanish, - v%C3%ADa%20parenteral

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane, the smooth muscle ends plates, and secretory glands, causing the muscarinic effects of acetylcholine. These effects include bronchospasm, low pulmonary compliance, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, miosis, blurred vision, bradycardia, and hypersecretions of the oropharynx, conjunctivae, tracheobronchial tree, and gastrointestinal tract. Acetylcholine also binds to skeletal muscle end plates and synaptic ganglia, causing nicotinic effects. The nicotinic effects of acetylcholine include fasciculations, flaccid paralysis, tachycardia, and hypertension.  2, record 10, English, - nicotinic%20effect

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les effets nicotiniques. Les récepteurs nicotiniques étant situés au niveau des synapses neuromusculaires des muscles striés, des synapses ganglionnaires du système nerveux autonome et des médullosurrénales, l'excès d'acétylcholine se manifeste par : des fasciculations musculaires et des crampes au point de contact avec le toxique, suivies d'une asthénie rapidement croissante par atteinte de la plaque motrice, évoluant vers une paralysie flasque des muscles striés et un arrêt respiratoire, [et] une mydriase rapide, accompagnée d'une tachycardie et une hypertension artérielle due à la stimulation des glandes surrénales.  2, record 10, French, - effet%20nicotinique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Muscarine, a natural product from the mushroom "Amanita muscaria, "stimulates Ach [acetylcholine](cholinergic) receptors at the parasympathetic terminal sites : exocrine glands(lacrimal, salivary, and bronchial mucous glands), cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle(gastrointestinal tract). Ach receptors at these sites and the effects of parasympathetic stimulation at these sites are termed "muscarinic. "A muscarinic effect well known to respiratory care clinicians is the increase in airway secretions after administration of Ach-like drugs, such as neostigmine. There is also a decrease in blood pressure caused by slowing of the heart and vasodilation.  2, record 11, English, - muscarinic%20effect

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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À faible dose l'effet muscarinique se reconnaît au ralentissement cardiaque, à la diminution de la force des contractions du cœur, à la vasodilatation périphérique et à l'hypotension.  2, record 11, French, - effet%20muscarinique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An operative procedure performed [in the abdominal cavity] using [a] minimally invasive surgical technique for exposure that avoids traditional incision [and] a fiber optic instrument, usually attached to a video camera, [to achieve visualization].  2, record 12, English, - laparoscopic%20surgery

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laparoscopic surgery, a "minimally invasive" procedure, is commonly used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike traditional surgery on the colon or other parts of the intestines where a long incision down the center of the abdomen is required, laparoscopic surgery requires only small "keyhole" incisions in the abdomen. As a result, the person undergoing the procedure may experience less pain and scarring after surgery, and a more rapid recovery.  3, record 12, English, - laparoscopic%20surgery

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] technique chirurgicale minimalement invasive où le chirurgien réalise une opération de l'abdomen par de petites incisions où sont placés des trocarts qui permettent le passage de fins instruments chirugicaux.  7, record 12, French, - chirurgie%20laparoscopique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la cœliochirurgie [...] se fait par laparoscopie (ou cœlioscopie); on parle de chirurgie laparoscopique ou de cœliochirurgie [...] Grâce à l'utilisation d'un gaz inerte, le CO₂, on peut créer un espace dans la cavité abdominale dans lequel sont mis en place, par des incisions de 5 à 10 mm, des instruments creux appelés trocarts. Un laparoscope relié à une source de lumière froide et à une caméra permet ainsi de voir toute la cavité abdominale sur un moniteur de télévision. [...] D'autres trocarts [...] sont mis en place et servent au passage de fins instruments qui permettent au chirurgien et à ses aides d'assurer l'opération en contrôlant les gestes chirurgicaux sur le moniteur. [...] Cette chirurgie pratiquée grâce à de petites incisions respecte la paroi abdominale; [...] par rapport à la chirurgie traditionnelle qui se fait par une grande incision (laparotomie) : elle donne moins de douleur, elle a moins de conséquences respiratoires [...] elle permet une récupération plus rapide [...]  8, record 12, French, - chirurgie%20laparoscopique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cœiochirurgie, laparoscopie opératoire : ces termes se trouvent sous la rubrique «laparoscopie» dans le Larousse médical.  9, record 12, French, - chirurgie%20laparoscopique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Técnica quirúrgica que se practica a través de pequeñas incisiones, usando la asistencia de una cámara de video que permite al equipo médico ver el campo quirúrgico dentro del paciente y accionar en el mismo.  2, record 12, Spanish, - cirug%C3%ADa%20laparosc%C3%B3pica

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La cirugía laparoscópica se enfoca a un tratamiento quirúrgico de mínima agresión disminuyendo lesiones ocasionadas en una cirugía normal.  3, record 12, Spanish, - cirug%C3%ADa%20laparosc%C3%B3pica

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se llama a esta técnica mínimo-invasiva, ya que evita los grandes cortes de bisturí requeridos por la cirugía abierta o convencional y posibilita, por lo tanto, un periodo post-operatorio mucho más rápido y confortable.  2, record 12, Spanish, - cirug%C3%ADa%20laparosc%C3%B3pica

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A benign smooth muscle tumor ...  2, record 13, English, - leiomyoma

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[It is] usually [found] in the uterus or gastrointestinal tract.  2, record 13, English, - leiomyoma

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumeur bénigne composée de cellules de type musculaire lisse.  3, record 13, French, - l%C3%A9iomyome

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mioma benigno formado por fibras musculares lisas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - leiomioma

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The disease caused by infestation with Gasterophilus spp.  2, record 14, English, - gasterophilus%20infestation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sporadic cases of abscess formation, even rupture of the stomach wall with local peritonitis, occur but the infestation, though dramatic, is virtually nonpathogenic.  2, record 14, English, - gasterophilus%20infestation

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Gasterophilus a genus of flies, the horse bot flies, the larvae of which develop in the gastrointestinal tract of horses and may sometimes infect humans.  2, record 14, English, - gasterophilus%20infestation

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Myiase gastrique causée par une mouche (gastérophile [ou gastrophile]).  1, record 14, French, - gast%C3%A9rophilose%20%C3%A9quine

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Larve de Gastrophilus equi, mouche de la famille des œstridés qui parasite l'estomac du cheval. La forme adulte qui éclot en août est une mouche qui ne vit que quelques jours pendant lesquels elle pond ses œufs dans le pelage du cheval; une fois les larves écloses elles occasionnent du prurit au cheval qui se lèche et les ingère.  2, record 14, French, - gast%C3%A9rophilose%20%C3%A9quine

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parasitosis del ganado caballar producida por las larvas del género Gasterophilus.  5, record 14, Spanish, - gasterofilosis

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La gastrofilosis es una parasitosis invernal debida a la presencia y desarrollo, dentro del aparato digestivo del caballo, de larvas de moscas [...], la sospecha de infestación puede plantearse cuando los huevos de los gastrófilos se ven sobre el pelaje en el verano o en el otoño.  6, record 14, Spanish, - gasterofilosis

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tubular and in part sacculated passage that serves the functions of digestion, absorption of food, and elimination of residual waste products, being in man about 30 feet long and comprising the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.  10, record 15, English, - alimentary%20canal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gut: The alimentary canal or cavity or the portion from the stomach down, usually used in plural [i.e.] ... feel hunger ... twisting my empty guts until they ached.  10, record 15, English, - alimentary%20canal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

gut: In embryology, the foregut, midgut, or hindgut.  11, record 15, English, - alimentary%20canal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

enteron: [a synonym of alimentary canal but also] usually used in medicine with specific reference to the small intestine.  5, record 15, English, - alimentary%20canal

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 4 OBS

gastrointestinal tract : the Blakiston's Gould medical dictionary(GOMED) is the only one to give this term as a synonym for "alimentary canal". All the other sources consulted define "gastrointestinal tract" as the digestive part that consists of the stomach and the intestines only.  8, record 15, English, - alimentary%20canal

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble formé par la bouche, l'œsophage, l'estomac et l'intestin.  5, record 15, French, - tube%20digestif

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Partie de l'appareil digestif dans laquelle les matières alimentaires subissent les transformations qui les rendent assimilables. Le tube digestif comprend la bouche, l'œsophage, l'estomac, le duodénum, l'intestin grêle, le côlon et le rectum (avec le canal anal).  6, record 15, French, - tube%20digestif

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conducto desde la boca al ano que la comida atraviesa y en el cual es procesada. Comprende también las glándulas que segregan sustancias necesarias para la digestión.  2, record 15, Spanish, - tubo%20digestivo

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Worldwide, nine different species of Gasterophilus exist, primarily affecting horses and donkeys.... Gasterophilus intestinalis(DeGeer) is the more common horse bot fly which is an internal parasite of the gastrointestinal tract. Gasterophilus nasalis(Linnaeus), the nose bot fly, and G. haemorrhoidalis(Linnaeus), the throat bot fly, are also distributed throughout North America.  3, record 16, English, - horse%20bot%20fly

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Genre de mouche qui parasite l'estomac du cheval.  3, record 16, French, - %26oelig%3Bstre%20intestinal

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On classe parfois, à tort, les gastrophiles dans la famille des œtridés.  4, record 16, French, - %26oelig%3Bstre%20intestinal

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Díptero del género Gasterophilus, cuya larva parasita la región pilórica del estómago del caballo.  2, record 16, Spanish, - mosca%20gaster%C3%B3fila%20del%20caballo

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se citan seis especies, todas del género Gasterophilus, que atacan a los equinos domésticos. Estas son G. intestinalis, G. haemorrhoidalis, G. nasalis, G. inermis, G. pecorum y G. nigricornis. [...] Gasterophilus intestinalis es la mosca gasterófila del caballo. Cada hembra deposita alrededor de 1,000 huevecillos de color amarillo claro que se adhieren [...] principalmente en la superficie interna de las rodillas, donde tienen acceso a la lengua, dientes y labios. [...] De la boca pasan rápidamente a la curvatura izquierda o porción esofágica del estómago.  3, record 16, Spanish, - mosca%20gaster%C3%B3fila%20del%20caballo

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A radiologic examination in which the patient swallows an aqueous suspension of barium sulfate to opacify the [upper gastrointestinal tract].  2, record 17, English, - barium%20swallow

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'examen radiologique [à base d'un liquide baryté] de l'œsophage («gorgée barytée») est l'examen diagnostique le plus souvent utilisé, car il permet d'évaluer les lésions structurelles et les troubles moteurs. On le considère comme l'examen clé dans l'évaluation des patients atteints de dysphagie. [...] L'enregistrement vidéo de la «gorgée barytée» permet de revoir la déglutition au ralenti. La cinéradiographie facilite l'évaluation des événements qui se succèdent rapidement pendant le temps pharyngien de la déglutition.  3, record 17, French, - gorg%C3%A9e%20baryt%C3%A9e

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gorgée barytée et déglutition barytée : termes retenus par le réseau Entraide Traduction Santé.  4, record 17, French, - gorg%C3%A9e%20baryt%C3%A9e

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A specialist who focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive tract, otherwise known as the gastrointestinal(GI) tract.  2, record 18, English, - gastroenterologist

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Médecin spécialisé dans les maladies de l'appareil digestif.  3, record 18, French, - gastroent%C3%A9rologue

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gastroentérologue : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  4, record 18, French, - gastroent%C3%A9rologue

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Contamination caused by] identifiable material determined to be from the lower gastrointestinal tract(intestines, caecum, cloaca).  3, record 19, English, - faecal%20contamination

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Contamination causée par de la] matière identifiable provenant du tractus gastro-intestinal inférieur (intestin, cæcum, cloaque), qui se trouve à l'intérieur de la cavité et dans la région de l'ouverture de la cavité abdominale.  2, record 19, French, - contamination%20f%C3%A9cale

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestions, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.  2, record 20, English, - gastrointestinal%20disease

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au Canada, les maladies gastro-intestinales représentent la deuxième cause d’hospitalisation et la quatrième cause d’incapacité temporaire.  2, record 20, French, - maladie%20gastro%2Dintestinale

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sub-specialty of pediatrics and gastroenterology... concerned with treating the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas of children from infancy until age eighteen.  2, record 21, English, - pediatric%20gastroenterology

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le service de gastroentérologie pédiatrique effectue les consultations et les suivis pour les enfants de 0 à 18 ans atteints de problèmes digestif, hépatique et pancréatique.  2, record 21, French, - gastroent%C3%A9rologie%20p%C3%A9diatrique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

They are growths, like tumours found in organs as a result of faulty development. They are normally made up of a mixture of tissues. They contain mucus-filled glands, with retention cysts, abundant connective tissue, and a chronic cellular infiltration of eosinophils. They grow at the normal rate of the host tissue and rarely cause problems such as compression. A common example of a hamartomatous lesion is a strawberry naevus. Hamartomatous polyps are often found by chance; occurring in syndromes such as Peutz-Jegher syndrome or juvenile polyposis syndrome.  2, record 22, English, - hamartomatous%20polyp

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders that share an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance and are characterized by hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract.  3, record 22, English, - hamartomatous%20polyp

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les polypes hamartomateux apparaissent [...] dans l'enfance et peuvent survenir tout au long du tractus gastro-intestinal, mais plus souvent dans le petit intestin (65 % - 90 %) et le côlon (60 %). Ils deviennent symptomatiques vers l'adolescence ou l'âge adulte et causent alors une obstruction, une invagination, un saignement ou une douleur abdominale. Le risque de transformation maligne des polypes est faible, mais de 3 % à 6 % présentent des changements dysplasiques accroissant le risque d'évolution vers un cancer.  2, record 22, French, - polype%20hamartomateux

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Weight loss. Unexplained loss of weight is a warning signal for the physician. A weight loss of 10 or 15 pounds in an otherwise apparently healthy adult may be the first sign of illness. Early diabetes mellitus, neoplastic disease, hyperthyroidism, kidney failure, loss of appetite, frequently due to emotional problems, prolonged infection, chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract may cause weight loss.  2, record 23, English, - weight%20loss

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

weight loss: term recommended by the Medical Signs and Symptoms Committee.  4, record 23, English, - weight%20loss

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perte pondérale relativement récente, chez un sujet précédemment de poids normal se traduisant par une diminution progressive, puis par une disparition totale des réserves graisseuses précédemment existantes.  2, record 23, French, - amaigrissement

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Diagnostic étiologique des amaigrissements. 1) Amaigrissements par réduction ou insuffisance (volontaire, involontaire ou imposée) des apports alimentaires. 2) Amaigrissements par troubles endocriniens. 3) Cachexies terminales par déficiences fonctionnelles généralisées.  2, record 23, French, - amaigrissement

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amaigrissement : terme privilégié par le Comité de sémiologie médicale.  4, record 23, French, - amaigrissement

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding refers to any bleeding that starts in the gastrointestinal tract.... Upper GI bleeding : The upper GI tract includes the esophagus(the tube from the mouth to the stomach), stomach, and first part of the small intestine.  2, record 24, English, - upper%20gastrointestinal%20bleeding

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hémorragie digestive haute est d'origine œsophagienne, gastrique ou duodénale.  2, record 24, French, - h%C3%A9morragie%20digestive%20haute

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An upper gastrointestinal series is useful to diagnose Crohn's disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract, although endoscopy is superior... Pending further development of the intestinal fiberoptic endoscope, a monitored small bowel follow-through is the best test for evaluation of Crohn's disease of the small bowel.  3, record 25, English, - small%20bowel%20follow%2Dthrough

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Examen radiologique de l'intestin grêle préalablement opacifié par un produit baryté ou iodé hydrosoluble.  3, record 25, French, - transit%20du%20gr%C3%AAle

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special type of carcinoma of the ovary, usually metastatic from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, especially of the stomach.  1, record 26, English, - Krukenberg%27s%20tumor

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is characterized by areas of mucoid degeneration and the presence of signet-ring-like cells.  1, record 26, English, - Krukenberg%27s%20tumor

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumeur de l'ovaire, métastase d'un carcinome digestif ordinairement gastrique.  2, record 26, French, - tumeur%20de%20Krukenberg

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La métastase diffuse ou tumeur de Krukenberg, est bilatérale dans 80 % des cas. [...] Elle comprend en principe, des cellules mucipares en bague à chaton infiltrant isolément ou en petits amas, un stroma ovarien hyperplasié et sarcomatoïde.  3, record 26, French, - tumeur%20de%20Krukenberg

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tumor maligno que se origina en el estómago y se extiende a los ovarios.  1, record 26, Spanish, - tumor%20de%20Krukenberg

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical, 5-hydrozytryptamine(5-HT), present in blood platelets, the gastrointestinal tract, and certain regions of the brain.  3, record 27, English, - serotonin

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O  5, record 27, English, - serotonin

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amine provenant de la décarboxylation du 5-hydroxytryptophane, présente dans la rate, le tube digestif, les plaquettes sanguines et le cerveau. Elle agit sur l'appareil cardiovasculaire, elle contracte les fibres lisses, elle intervient dans l'hémostase et se montre antidiuritique.  4, record 27, French, - s%C3%A9rotonine

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O  4, record 27, French, - s%C3%A9rotonine

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia que se produce en el intestino y es transportada por las plaquetas.  3, record 27, Spanish, - serotonina

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La serotonina] favorece la vasoconstricción y el peristaltismo intestinal y reduce el dolor gastrointestinal. Las sustancias basadas en la serotina se emplean para luchar contra algunos casos de dolor crónico.  3, record 27, Spanish, - serotonina

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O  4, record 27, Spanish, - serotonina

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tuberculosis(TB) remains to be one of the most common problems affecting patients in developing countries where poor sanitary conditions, overcrowding and malnutrition exist.... It can involve any organ of the body including that of the gastrointestinal tract.... There are several theories regarding the development of tuberculosis of the intestine. These are through ingestion of TB infected materials and direct invasion of intestinal mucosa. Another is through hematogenous route by blood to the liver and excreted to the bile with subsequent invasion of the mucosa or by the intestines from primary or secondary tuberculoma.  1, record 28, English, - intestinal%20tuberculosis

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Présence au niveau du tube digestif du bacille de Koch (Bk) [...] inclut le grêle et le côlon, car la localisation la plus fréquente est iléo-cæcale.  1, record 28, French, - tuberculose%20intestinale

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L’intestin est le 2ème site en fréquence de la tuberculose digestive. Tous les segments du tube digestif peuvent être atteints, avec une prédominance pour la région iléocæcale (42 %) et le jéjuno-iléon (35 %). [...] La tuberculose intestinale s’observe dans les 2 sexes à tous les âges de la vie. Les symptômes habituels sont : douleurs de la fosse iliaque droite (85 %), fièvre (45 %), altération de l’état général (70 %), diarrhée (40 %), masse abdominale en fosse iliaque droite (40 - 50 %); Occlusion intestinale, perforation, fistule, hémorragie digestive ou syndrome de malabsorption peuvent être révélateurs (20 à 40 %).  3, record 28, French, - tuberculose%20intestinale

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad crónica, ocasionada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis [bacilo de Koch], que compromete el intestino delgado, afectando principalmente el tejido linfoide ileal.  1, record 28, Spanish, - tuberculosis%20intestinal

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nonspecific, chronic, inflammatory, granulomatous lesion involving the terminal ileum.  1, record 29, English, - regional%20ileitis

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Any part of the gastrointestinal tract may be involved, but the ileum is the principal site.  1, record 29, English, - regional%20ileitis

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus inflammatoire chronique de l'iléon terminal.  1, record 29, French, - il%C3%A9ite%20r%C3%A9gionale

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflamación crónica de parte del tracto digestivo.  1, record 29, Spanish, - enfermedad%20de%20Crohn

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las personas que padecen la enfermedad de Crohn tienen mayor riesgo de padecer cáncer colorrectal o intestinal.  1, record 29, Spanish, - enfermedad%20de%20Crohn

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An uncoated or coated tablet that contains special excipients or that is prepared by special procedures, or both, in order to modify the rate of release of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract.  2, record 30, English, - modified%2Drelease%20tablet

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comprimé enrobé ou non préparé avec des excipients spéciaux ou par des procédés particuliers ou par les deux moyens réunis de façon à ce que la vitesse de libération du principe actif soit différente de celle d'une forme pharmaceutique conventionnelle.  2, record 30, French, - comprim%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20lib%C3%A9ration%20modifi%C3%A9e

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dissolution studies were carried out at 60 rpm in 300 mL of 0.05 M phosphate buffer at 37°C using a constant surface area (13/32" diameter) drug compact.  1, record 31, English, - constant%20surface%20area

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Mistral' s platform drug delivery technologies are all based on the use of geometric surface area in order to control the rate of dissolution of the drug along the gastrointestinal tract.  2, record 31, English, - constant%20surface%20area

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mistral Pharma détient une licence mondiale exclusive pour la technologie [...] basée sur un comprimé à aire de surface constante, soit une dissolution plus lente de l'enrobage qui protège le noyau et permet une libération plus lente du médicament. La compagnie a aussi sous licence [...] deux [autres] technologies de libération contrôlée de médicaments, mais de deuxième génération, basées aussi sur le principe d'aire de surface. [...] Avec la technologie [de deuxième génération], le médicament est libéré pendant 24 heures à temps variable, ce qui permet au patient de prendre son comprimé le soir, d'avoir une très faible dose qui se libère dans son corps la nuit puis augmente vers 5h du matin pour une efficacité optimale au réveil [...]  2, record 31, French, - aire%20de%20surface%20constante

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les plates-formes technologiques de Mistral en matière de libération de médicaments font appel à un concept qui repose sur des comprimés présentant une aire de surface constante permettant de contrôler le taux de dissolution du médicament tout au long du tractus gastro-intestinal.  3, record 31, French, - aire%20de%20surface%20constante

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To do bodily damage, a material must come in contact with the body. The method of bodily contact is called the route of entry. The routes of entry are (1) absorption (eye or skin contact); (2) ingestion; and (3) inhalation.  3, record 32, English, - route%20of%20entry

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... numerous factors influence and determine the specific classification of exposure. Although the substances utilized, chemical composition and physical state of the substance affect the total dose and route of entry, the duration and frequency of exposure, route by which exposure occurs and the dose delivered are the primary factors.  4, record 32, English, - route%20of%20entry

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The major routes by which toxicants enter the body are the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.  5, record 32, English, - route%20of%20entry

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compare with "route of administration," "route of exposure" and "means of absorption."  6, record 32, English, - route%20of%20entry

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En milieu industriel, deux voies de pénétration des toxiques dans l'organisme prédominent : la voie cutanée et, surtout, la voie pulmonaire; la voie digestive n'est pas négligeable. Les autre voies, oculaire et parentérale, sont plus rarement affectées.  3, record 32, French, - voie%20de%20p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Absorption, pénétration, voie percutanée, mode de pénétration ou d'administration de substances dans l'organisme à travers la peau.  4, record 32, French, - voie%20de%20p%C3%A9n%C3%A9tration

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para disminuir la absorción del tóxico, hay que seguir el criterio general de separar al enfermo de la fuente de contaminación, independientemente de la vía de entrada.  1, record 32, Spanish, - v%C3%ADa%20de%20entrada

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Clean-contaminated : Urgent or emergency case that is otherwise clean; elective opening of respiratory, gastrointestinal, biliary or genitourinary tract with minimal spillage(e. g. appendectomy) not encountering infected urine or bile; minor technique break.  2, record 33, English, - clean%2Dcontaminated%20surgery

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Haley a étudié (...) des paramètres : âge, immunosuppression sous-jacente, durée du séjour préopératoire (...), nombre d'interventions (...) et type d'intervention selon la classification de l'American College of Surgeons (chirurgie propre, propre contaminée, contaminée, sale)  2, record 33, French, - chirurgie%20propre%2Dcontamin%C3%A9e

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme which converts a zymogen to the active enzyme form.  2, record 34, English, - kinase

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A somewhat different type of regulation of enzyme activity is the enzyme-catalyzed activation of inactive precursors of enzymes(zymogens) to yield the catalytically active forms. The classical examples are the digestive enzymes pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin which are synthesized as the inactive zymogens pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen, respectively. When these enzymes are secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, they are converted into their active forms by the selective hydrolytic cleavage of one or more specific peptide bonds in the zymogen molecule.... Trypsinogen is converted into active trypsin by removal of a hexapeptide from the N-terminal end, through the action of... kinase.  3, record 34, English, - kinase

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom d'ensemble des enzymes dont la présence est nécessaire pour rendre active une autre enzyme. Ex.: l'entérokinase pancréatique permet la transformation du trypsinogène en trypsine.  2, record 34, French, - kinase

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Zinc phosphide... reacts with water in the gastrointestinal tract to produce the gas phosphene which readily enters the blood stream and is distributed throughout the body.  2, record 35, English, - zinc%20phosphide

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Properties: Dark gray, gritty powder. ... Stable if dry. Insoluble in alcohol, soluble in acids, decomposes in water. ... Use: Rodenticide.  3, record 35, English, - zinc%20phosphide

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: Zn₃P₂  4, record 35, English, - zinc%20phosphide

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : Zn₃P₂  2, record 35, French, - phosphure%20de%20zinc

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.  3, record 36, English, - glycopyrrolate

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  4, record 36, English, - glycopyrrolate

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Antagoniste muscarinique.  3, record 36, French, - glycopyrrolate

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  3, record 36, French, - glycopyrrolate

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₉H₂₈BrNO₃  2, record 36, Spanish, - glicopirrolato

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] organism that can carry out both options of a mutually exclusive process (e.g., aerobic and anaerobic metabolism).  3, record 37, English, - facultative%20organism

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Escherichia coli is a consistent inhabitant of the human intestinal tract, and it is the predominant facultative organism in the human gastrointestinal tract...  4, record 37, English, - facultative%20organism

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'association ischémie, oedème et inflammation du tissu sous-cutané entraîne une diminution de la PO₂ et permet la croissance des anaérobies obligatoires (p. ex. Bacteroïdes) tout en favorisant le métabolisme anaérobie par des organismes facultatifs (p. ex. E. coli).  1, record 37, French, - organisme%20facultatif

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that is interconverted between active and inactive forms by the action of other enzymes. Some of these also respond to noncovalent allosteric modulators.  2, record 38, English, - covalently%20modulated%20enzyme

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Covalently modulated enzymes... are responsive to alterations in the metabolic state of a cell or tissue on a relatively short time scale... within minutes.... The classical examples are the digestive enzymes pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin, which are synthesized as the inactive zymogens pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen, respectively. When these enzymes are secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, they are converted into their active forms by the selective hydrolytic cleavage or one or more specific peptide bonds in the zymogen molecule.  1, record 38, English, - covalently%20modulated%20enzyme

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme régulateur dans lequel les formes active et inactive sont interconverties par des modifications covalentes de leur structure, catalysées par d'autres enzymes. L'exemple type de ce genre d'enzyme régulateur est la glycogène phosphorylase des tissus animaux qui catalyse la décomposition du polysaccharide de réserve, le glycogène, un polymère du glucose, pour donner le glucose 1-phosphate.  2, record 38, French, - enzyme%20modul%C3%A9%20de%20fa%C3%A7on%20covalente

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les enzymes modulés de façon convalente [...] répondent à des changements de métabolisme d'une cellule ou d'un tissu, en un temps relativement court : quelques [...] minutes.  1, record 38, French, - enzyme%20modul%C3%A9%20de%20fa%C3%A7on%20covalente

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A class of simple carbohydrates found naturally in certain plants, such as Jerusalem artichokes, onions, and bananas.  1, record 39, English, - fructooligosaccharide

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

FOS... is used as a sweetening agent, flavor enhancer, bulking agent, and humectant. As a low-calorie sucrose-replacement, FOS is used in cookies, cakes, breads, candies, dairy products, and some beverages. FOS is also added to some Japanese health foods to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.  1, record 39, English, - fructooligosaccharide

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Oligomère naturelle qui contient du fructose que l’on trouve dans les plantes comme l’ail, l’oignon, l’artichaut, l’asperge, l’orge, la banane ou la chicorée.  2, record 39, French, - fructooligosaccharide

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Oligosacárido natural (fibra soluble) que contiene fructosa y se encuentra en variedad de plantas y frutos como el puerro, la cebolla, la achicoria (raíz), el espárrago, el ajo, la alcachofa, el tomate, la alfalfa, el plátano, etc.  1, record 39, Spanish, - fructooligosac%C3%A1rido

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las aplicaciones industriales de los FOS abarcan la sustitución de grasas al incluirse como ingrediente de mayonesas ligeras y quesos bajos en calorías, contribuyen a la reducción del contenido calórico (sucedáneos de chocolate) y a la retención de agua (pastelería, panificación, embutidos), evitan la formación de cristales (heladería), emulsionan (margarinas) y en general modifican la textura o cremosidad de algunos alimentos. Son edulcorantes, por lo que tienen buenas propiedades organolépticas (aquellas que se aprecian por los sentidos) y se pueden incorporar fácilmente a alimentos.  1, record 39, Spanish, - fructooligosac%C3%A1rido

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of the regions of the body, such as peritoneal cavity, mesentery, and gastrointestinal tract, viewed as a physiological unit, where excessive amounts of exudates may accumulate and be sequestered, especially in acute peritonitis.  2, record 40, English, - third%20space

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En outre, l'excès de liquide, parfois recueillies dans ce qu'on a appelé le troisième espace, qui comprend des cavités dans le ventre (abdomen ou la cavité péritonéale) ou dans la poitrine (du poumon ou de la cavité pleurale).  2, record 40, French, - troisi%C3%A8me%20espace

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The four most common active isoflavones are diadzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Biochanin A is metabolized to genistein, and Formononetin may be converted to diadzein once ingested. Diadzein and genistein also can exist as sugar derivatives(glycosides), diadzin and genistin. These sugar derivatives are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract to their active components.  2, record 41, English, - formononetin

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kudzu. Supplément botanique. Substances actives : - isoflavones glucosides : puérarine, diadzine; - isoflavones aglycones : diadzéine, génistéine, biochanine A et formononétine.  2, record 41, French, - formonon%C3%A9tine

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Denoting a drug, remedy or method that reduces activity in or relieves spasmodic contraction of unstriated muscle in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract or in blood vessels.  1, record 42, English, - antispasmodic

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui combat les spasmes, les convulsions.  1, record 42, French, - antispasmodique

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses : a prospective seroepidemiological study. A neurological surveillance was combined with prospective recording of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections and serological diagnosis of five common viral infections in 60 benign multiple sclerosis patients with a mean follow-up of 31 months... There was a significant correlation between adenovirus CF titre rises associated with upper respiratory tract infections and the occurrence of a major MS relapse in the AR period(n=7), while influenza infections were not followed by a major S relapse(n=6). Linear homologies have been demonstrated between adenovirus and basic myelin protein. The epidemiological approach is essential to our understanding of systemic antigens triggering multiple sclerosis activity.  3, record 43, English, - basic%20myelin%20protein

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Environ deux millions de personnes dans le monde sont atteintes par la sclérose en plaques, l'une des maladies auto-immunes les plus graves et les plus répandues. Elle est due à la destruction des gaines de myéline par des lymphocytes T dont la cible principale est une séquence de 14 acides aminés de la "basic myelin protein" (BMP), l'une des protéines constitutives de la gaine de myéline.  2, record 43, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20BMP

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The inability to relax of any of various sphincters or smooth muscles at junctional areas, especially in the gastrointestinal tract.  1, record 44, English, - achalasia

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Défaut de relâchement d'un sphincter lors de l'arrivée des ondes de contraction sus-jacentes.  1, record 44, French, - achalasie

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The duration of an exposure for gases and vapors administered by the pulmonary route(inhalation) would ordinarily be longer than by other routes, excluding absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Administration via the lung or gastrointestinal tract results in a delay....  1, record 45, English, - pulmonary%20route

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... a substance may be administered as a solution in a syringe by a number of routes, but inhalation administration requires that the material be prepared on finely divided droplets or particles and suspended in air.  1, record 45, English, - pulmonary%20route

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En milieu industriel, deux voies de pénétration des toxiques dans l'organisme prédominent : la voie cutanée et, surtout, la voie pulmonaire [...]. Les mécanismes qui régissent la pénétration pulmonaire sont fonction de la nature physique des toxiques qui empruntent la voie respiratoire.  2, record 45, French, - voie%20pulmonaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les mécanismes de dépôt des particules dans les poumons sont aussi influencés par des facteurs humains, tels que la voie d'inhalation, nasale ou buccale, et la fréquence respiratoire.  2, record 45, French, - voie%20pulmonaire

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut parler d'absorption par inhalation; cependant l'expression "voie d'inhalation" est mal formée.  3, record 45, French, - voie%20pulmonaire

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Administración de fármacos en estado gaseoso, líquido o sólido finamente divididos y suspendidos en el aire inspirado, con la idea de obtener efectos sistémicos, como lo hacen los anestésicos generales, o efectos locales, como los que producen la adrenalina y el salbutamol en sujetos asmáticos.  1, record 45, Spanish, - v%C3%ADa%20pulmonar

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vía inhalatoria se utiliza para [...] a) tratamiento local de las vías aéreas superiores [...] b) tratamiento de los procesos localizados de las vías aéreas inferiores [...] c) absorción de sustancias gaseosas y volátiles para actuar en el organismo rápidamente.  1, record 45, Spanish, - v%C3%ADa%20pulmonar

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Absorption of Toxicants After Special Routes of Administration. Toxic agents usually enter the bloodstream of man after absorption from the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract. However, in studying chemical agents, toxicologists frequently administer these chemicals to laboratory animals by various special routes, the most common of which are(1) intraperitoneal,(2) subcutaneous,(3) intramuscular, and(4) intravenous. The intravenous route of administration introduces the toxicant directly in the bloodstream and thus the process of absorption is eliminated.... Toxicants administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly are usually absorbed at a slower rate.  2, record 46, English, - subcutaneous%20route

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'administration se fait [...] par injection sous la peau.  1, record 46, French, - voie%20sous%2Dcutan%C3%A9e

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vía de administración de fármacos mediante inyección por debajo de la piel, en el espesor del tejido celular subcutáneo. Se utiliza para lograr una absorción lenta y uniforme.  1, record 46, Spanish, - v%C3%ADa%20subcut%C3%A1nea

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Toxic agents usually enter the bloodstream... after absorption from the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.... Toxicants administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly are usually absorbed at a slower rate.  1, record 47, English, - subcutaneously

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrairement aux substances absorbées par les voies cutanée et pulmonaire, les molécules absorbées par voie digestive doivent atteindre le foie avant d'être [...] diluées dans la circulation [générale].  2, record 47, French, - par%20voie%20sous%2Dcutan%C3%A9e

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La pénétration des substances toxiques par voie cutanée se fait [...] par passage transépidermique; au niveau du follicule pilo-sébacé; par les pores.  3, record 47, French, - par%20voie%20sous%2Dcutan%C3%A9e

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las inyecciones empleadas por vía subcutánea deben ser de vehículo acuoso.  1, record 47, Spanish, - por%20v%C3%ADa%20subcut%C3%A1nea

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Absorption of Toxicants After Special Routes of Administration. Toxic agents usually enter the bloodstream of man after absorption from the skin, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract. However, in studying chemical agents, toxicologists frequently administer these chemicals to laboratory animals by various special routes, the most common of which are(1) intraperitoneal,(2) subcutaneous(3) intramuscular, and(4) intravenous. The intravenous route of administration introduces the toxicant directly in the bloodstream and thus the process of absorption is eliminated.  2, record 48, English, - intravenous%20route

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le médicament est introduit directement dans le système vasculaire.  3, record 48, French, - voie%20intraveineuse

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

intraveineuse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 48, French, - voie%20intraveineuse

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish