TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes may be regulated at two levels :(1) at the level of gene expression and protein synthesis through induction and repression;(2) at the enzyme level through enzyme inhibition or activation as a result of the binding of effector molecules at allosteric sites on the enzyme.  2, record 1, English, - enzyme%20regulation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deux mécanismes majeurs sont à la base de la régulation de l'activité enzymatique : le contrôle génétique et le contrôle de la catalyse. Le contrôle génétique fait intervenir un changement dans la quantité totale de molécules enzymatiques. Les exemples les plus connus de cette forme de régulation sont l'induction enzymatique et la répression chez les micro-organismes [...]. Le contrôle de la catalyse fait intervenir un changement dans l'activité enzymatique sans que change la quantité totale de l'enzyme synthétisée.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9gulation%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colorectal carcinoma is an epithelial neoplastic transformation that results from the accumulation of distinct genetic alterations. There are K-RAS oncogenes on chromosome 12q and there are deletions of the tumor suppressive genes FAP, p53, and DCC on chromosomes 5, 17, and 18, respectively. The deletion of the short arm of chromosome 17 or the long arm of chromosome 18 and activation of the p53, and the deleted colorectal carcinoma(DCC) gene on chromosomes 17 and 18q, respectively, may result in the genetic alterations associated with metastasis.  1, record 2, English, - deleted%20colorectal%20carcinoma%20gene

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des chercheurs américains se sont intéressés au gène DCC (deleted cancer colorectal) et à son expression dans les cellules tumorales. Ce gène est en effet proche d'une région connue du chromosome 18q qui, lorsqu'elle est absente (ou délétée) sur un des chromosomes homologues, est associée à une évolution défavorable du cancer.  1, record 2, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20DCC

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Molecular endocrinology and gene expression. Functional organization of the estrogen receptor and its involvement in mammary carcinogenesis. Estrogens and estrogen antagonists represent a group of clinically useful hormones and drugs that act through a nuclear receptor to modulate the transcriptional activity of a set of genes involved most notably in female reproductive physiology. The receptor for estrogens belongs to a superfamily of intracellular receptors that mediate the effects of the other gonadal and adrenal steroids, retinoids, thyroid hormones, and vitamin D. Common features shared by the intracellular receptors include organization into discrete functional domains responsible for ligand recognition, sequence-specific DNA binding, nuclear localization, and activation of transcription.  1, record 3, English, - sequence%20specific%20DNA%20binding%20ligand

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les profils ou patterns compositionnels des génomes des vertébrés. Histogrammes montrant les quantités relatives, les densités de flottaison modales et les niveaux des GC des composants majeurs de l'ADN chez le xénope, le poulet, la souris et l'homme, estimés après le fractionnement d'ADN par centrifugation préparative en gradient de densité en présence de ligands séquence-spécifiques.  1, record 3, French, - ligand%20s%C3%A9quence%2Dsp%C3%A9cifique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Both cyclases are activated by the host calmodulin. Their genes have been cloned and expressed in E. coli... using an original technique, using E. coli cells expressing one of the components of the activation system for the screening of a library of the pathogen's genome. Accordingly, this technique must be considered as the first example of the "double hybrid" technique : it has for example been used to clone the cDNA for calmodulin from human or mouse cell lines, by functional complementation of the B. pertussis adenylyl cyclase gene.  1, record 4, English, - double%20hybrid%20technique

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Savoir où et quand un gène est transcrit en ARN et traduit en protéine constitue souvent un indice important pour déterminer sa fonction biologique. Certaines méthodes ont été mises au point chez la levure, les animaux et les végétaux, afin d'obtenir ces informations. Il est par exemple possible d'étudier en parallèle les quantités d'ARNm et de protéines produites à un instant donné. L'utilisation systématique et à grande échelle de la technique du double hybride qui permet chez la levure, l'étude des interactions protéine-protéine pourrait être adaptée aux végétaux dans le futur.  1, record 4, French, - technique%20du%20double%20hybride

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tiré du Technoscope.  2, record 4, French, - technique%20du%20double%20hybride

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A very original set of experiments carried out by the Unit of Molecular Biology of Gene Expression concerns another protein essential for mouse development that is also a transcription factor. This factor known as KBF2 or RBP-Jk is homologous to a Drosophila gene product, Su(H)(Suppressor of Hairless), which belongs to the Notch signal transduction cascade involved in regulating the competence of a cell to respond to specific developmental cues. A likely function of the Su(H) protein is to serve as an anchor on DNA for non DNA-binding transcriptional activators. This function is conserved in the Notch pathway : the activation of this transmembrane receptor likely involves a proteolytic cleavage step which releases its intracellular domain; following nuclear translocation, it activates its target genes by binding to the Su(H) protein, which is already bound to several sites in the target promoters.  2, record 5, English, - Su%28H%29%20protein

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protéine Su(H), impliquée dans l'activité de transmission de ce signal, semble capable de s'associer à la région intracellulaire de Notch. C'est un facteur de transcription qui se lie à certaines séquences localisées dans les promoteurs de plusieurs des gènes cibles de Notch.  1, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20Su%28H%29

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induces transcription of genes that encode for proinflammatory regulators of the immune response. Previous work has suggested that activation of the transcription factor activator protein 1(AP-1) is one LPS-induced event that mediates this response. Consistent with this notion, we found that LPS stimulated AP-1-mediated transcription of a transfected reporter gene in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264. 7. As AP-1 activity is regulated in part by activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), which phosphorylates and subsequently increases the transcriptional activity of c-Jun, we examined whether LPS treatment of macrophages resulted in activation of this kinase.  3, record 6, English, - jun%20N%2Dterminal%20kinase

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PNAS Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-sti. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Volume 93, Number 07; Pages: 2774-2778 Immunology.  4, record 6, English, - jun%20N%2Dterminal%20kinase

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

JNK  2, record 6, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20JNK

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The expression of genes by genetic transcription into complementary RNA sequences and, in the case of structural genes, the subsequent translation of messenger RNA into polypeptide chains which form the ultimate protein products of gene action (primary gene action).  1, record 7, English, - gene%20action

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gene action is called "cell-specific" if the expression of a particular gene is limited to a definite cell system, and "phase-specific" if the manifestation is limited to a definite developmental period. Both phenomena are consequences of differential gene activation. The action of a particular gene is "sex-limited" if the corresponding phenotypic character is realized in only one of the sexes. "Sex-controlled" gene action is a type of action characterized by the different expression of a gene in male and female organisms. Genes showing either sex-limited or sex-controlled manifestation may be localized either in sex-chromosomes or autosomes.  1, record 7, English, - gene%20action

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish