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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Phenotypic analysis combined with molecular genetics is a powerful tool for mapping gene function onto the genome. Phenotypic data are, by their nature, descriptive, and as varied as the range of mutant phenotypes that can be presented by the organism under study.  2, record 1, English, - phenotypic%20data

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les plates-formes de phénotypage génèrent de grandes quantités de données, acquises dans le temps, sur des centaines/milliers de plantes et leur environnement. Valoriser et exploiter ces masses de données est un défi pour produire de nouvelles connaissances en biologie.  2, record 1, French, - donn%C3%A9es%20ph%C3%A9notypiques

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The study of genetic phenomena in cultured somatic cells. Its range is broad, encompassing the expression of mutant cells in culture; gene mapping; the study of differentiated function and malignancy; and the factors controlling differentiation in culture, cloning, and hybridization.  2, record 2, English, - somatic%20cell%20genetics

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La génétique somatique a clairement démontré la fécondité des recherches concernant l'organisation, l'expression et la régulation des gènes chez de nombreuses espèces, y compris l'homme. La possibilité de manipuler et d'introduire du matériel génétique dans des cellules en culture grâce à l'hybridation cellulaire nous permet maintenant d'étudier l'expression des gènes au niveau de la cellule in vitro, mais aussi in vivo dans un organisme entier. Ces méthodes de génétique somatique, ainsi que leur développement moléculaire, seront des outils très importants de la biologie de demain.  2, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20somatique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The pattern transverse bands seen on eukaryotic metaphase chromosome after treatment with fluorescent stains.  1, record 3, English, - chromosome%20banding

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The banding pattern of a particular chromosome is highly specific and constant and is used to distinguish similar sized chromosomes in the karyotype. Banding patterns are used in gene mapping, and to detect chromosome aberrations such as partial duplication. Typical stains used are Giemsa(G-banding) and Quinacrine(Q-banding). The bands on each chromosome are numbered according to a standard nomenclature.  1, record 3, English, - chromosome%20banding

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tinción diferencial que permite observar zonas claras y oscuras a lo largo de los cromosomas en esquemas repetitivos; un patrón de bandas idéntico implica homología cromosómica.  1, record 3, Spanish, - bandeo%20cromos%C3%B3mico

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Positional cloning of disease gene loci assigned to 8q24 can be assisted by a high resolution map of this genomic area. In an effort to improve the resolution of the 8q24 map, we have undertaken radiation hybrid(RH) mapping. This method compliments the existing mapping strategies of meiotic mapping(Gyapay et al., 1994) and somatic cell hybrid panels(Wagner et al., 1991; Parrish et al., 1994), but at a higher resolution and with particular emphasis on defining the order and intermarker distance of loci in regions of interest.  1, record 4, English, - positional%20cloning

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clonage d'un gène inconnu par des procédés de cartographie génétique, puis physique.  2, record 4, French, - clonage%20positionnel

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estrategia de clonación de genes basada en la identificación de marcadores estrechamente ligados al carácter diana, y que utiliza el paseo cromosómico para identificar, aislar y caracterizar el gen o los genes responsables del carácter.  1, record 4, Spanish, - clonaci%C3%B3n%20posicional

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The linear arrangement of genes along the chromosomes of an organism. It is usually presented graphically, with the location of each gene determined by one or more of a variety of mapping techniques.  3, record 5, English, - chromosome%20map

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation linéaire de la position des gènes sur un chromosome.  4, record 5, French, - carte%20chromosomique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación gráfica del ordenamiento espacial de los genes sobre un cromosoma.  3, record 5, Spanish, - mapa%20cromos%C3%B3mico

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Short tandem repeat polymorphisms, also referred to as variable number of tandem repeats(VNTRs), are very important to scientists, because they can be used to identify individuals genetically. Marker systems are used to detect loci that respond to restriction enzyme cleavage by producing a fragment that can have many different lengths. This polymorphism is due to variation in the number of tandem repeats. VNTRs can be identified in various ways. Probes can be developed which will hybridize to complementary sequences after RFLP has been performed on a sample of genomic DNA(Southern blots). A second method involves the use of PCR. If the sequence surrounding the VNTR is known, PCR primers(oligonucleotides) can be designed to amplify the repeat region(s). The information obtained from these experiments is useful in the fields of forensics, population characterization, human gene mapping, identification of genes involved in disease, relationship testing, and identifying genes of interest such as those that encode proteins containing zinc finge.  3, record 6, English, - variable%20number%20of%20tandem%20repeats

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces expertises sont actuellement effectuées par l'analyse de l'ADN (Acide DésoxyriboNucléique) au moyen de l'examen du polymorphisme VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) qui est un polymorphisme de restriction (RFLP = Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism). Un VNTR est un polymorphisme de répétition ou de longueur. Il s'agit d'une séquence répétée qui constitue un allèle, dont le nombre de répétitions varie d'un individu à l'autre, et qui se transmet selon les lois de Mendel. Chez un hétérozygote les deux allèles sont visibles; il s'agit donc de marqueurs génétiques co-dominants.  2, record 6, French, - nombre%20variable%20de%20r%C3%A9p%C3%A9titions%20en%20tandem

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Secuencias repetidas de ADN, organizadas en tándem, cuyo número de copias es muy variable según el genotipo.  3, record 6, Spanish, - repeticiones%20en%20t%C3%A1ndem%20de%20n%C3%BAmero%20variable

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Areas of concentration : Biochemical genetics, clinical genetics, cytogenetics, dysmorphology, gene mapping, genetic counseling, molecular genetics, oncological genetics, prenatal diagnosis, somatic cell genetics, teratology.  1, record 7, English, - oncological%20genetics

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laboratoire de génétique oncologique, CNRS URA 1967, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 84905 Villejuif.  1, record 7, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20oncologique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le technoscope.  1, record 7, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20oncologique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Six mutants harboring intragenic suppressor mutation exhibit full restoration of export to the mutant RBP, on the other hand, two mutants harboring extragenic suppressor mutation show partial restoration of export. One intragenic suppressor showed the decreased rate of migration of the RBP during SDS-PAGE that may be caused by a second mutation in mature part of RBP. Mapping experiments showed that at least an extragenic suppressor phenotype is not the result of mutation in prlA(sec Y) gene.  1, record 8, English, - intragenic%20suppressor%20mutation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mutation suppressive : Mutation qui, associe à une première mutation, en compense les effets phénotypiques.  2, record 8, French, - mutation%20suppressive%20intrag%C3%A9nique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gene physical mapping aims at locating nucleotidic sequences on combed DNA. The sequences hybridize on the corresponding target sequences on the combed DNA, and are further on detected using fluorescent antibodies. Their relative position can be determined very precisely, since the stretching of combed DNA is homogeneous all over the surface.  2, record 9, English, - combed%20DNA

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fixation irréversible de l'ADN peigné permet de le dénaturer, d'hybrider des sondes nucléotidiques et d'effectuer une révélation de ces hybridations à l'aide de systèmes d'anticorps fluorescents, c'est-à-dire d'appliquer les protocoles standards de FISH.  2, record 9, French, - ADN%20peign%C3%A9

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En cartographie génétique, il s'agit de positionner des séquences nucléotidiques sur de l'ADN peigné. Ces séquences s'hybrident sur la partie de séquence correspondante de l'ADN peigné, et sont repérées grâce à la fluorescence que leur confèrent des marqueurs. Leurs positions respectives est alors déterminée très précisément grâce à la grande homogénéité de l'extension des molécules peignées.  3, record 9, French, - ADN%20peign%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The pattern transverse bands seen on eukaryotic methaphase chromosome after treatment with fluorescent stains. The banding pattern of a particular chromosome after treatment with certain fluorescent stains. The banding pattern of a particular chromosome is highly specific and constant and is used to distinguish similar sized chromosomes in the karyotype. Banding patterns are used in gene mapping, and to detect chromosome aberrations such as partial duplication. Typical stains used are Giemsa(G-banding) and Quinacrine(Q-banding). The bands on each chromosome are numbered according to a standard nomenclature.  2, record 10, English, - Q%2Dband

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bandes Q (Q pour quinacrine) obtenues en utilisant des fluorochromes tels la quinacrine, le DAP1 et le Hoechst 33258 permettent l'obtention d'une coloration intense de l'hétérochromatine centrométrique, du chromosome Y et génèrent des bandes fluorescentes de même topographie que les bandes G.  1, record 10, French, - bande%20Q

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le technoscope.  2, record 10, French, - bande%20Q

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Préparation chromosomique utilisée en cytogénétique moléculaire.  2, record 10, French, - bande%20Q

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transcription mapping : a genetic mapping technique that allows gene within an operon to be mapped(intraoperational mapping) with DNA-dependant RNA polymerase as a measuring device.  2, record 11, English, - transcription%20map

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des criblages successifs avec plusieurs types d'ADNc (origines tissulaires distinctes, différents stades de développement d'un organe) permettent l'obtention de cartes transcriptionnelles et différentielles de la région génomique considérée.  1, record 11, French, - carte%20transcriptionnelle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Genetic studies have revealed one gene that causes Alzheimer’s disease in very rare families, on chromosome 21, and two other chromosome regions that probably also include Alzheimer’s-associated genes, on chromosomes 14 and 19.  3, record 12, English, - chromosome%20region

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... DNA cloning and physical mapping techniques have been used to characterize the AS/PWS chromosome region in the vicinity of D15S10... Is the chromosomal region 9q34 always involved in variants of the Ph SUP 1 translocation?... Cloning and characterization of the Escherichia coli chromosomal region surrounding the DNAG gene... Localization of a human receptor tyrosine kinase(ETK1) to chromosome region... The first chromosomic region of human major histocompatibility... [Source : PASCAL database].  2, record 12, English, - chromosome%20region

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Restructuring the phase is often a viable alternative: The HLA region on the chromosome (la région chromosomique HLA).  2, record 12, English, - chromosome%20region

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gène marqueur : gène connu [...] qui [...] est forcément situé sur la même région chromosomique que le gène recherché.  1, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20chromosomique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] Le locus d'un gène de prédisposition a été identifié dans la région chromosomique 17q21 [...] Clonage et caractérisation de la région chromosomique d'E.C. entourant le gène DND [...]. Organisation de la région chromosomique du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité humain (Source : base de données PASCAL).  2, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20chromosomique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Molecular cloning of invasion plasmid antigen(ipo) genes from Shigella flexneri : analysis of ipa gene products and genetic mapping.  3, record 13, English, - invasion%20plasmid%20antigen

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Equivalent confirmé par Madame Josée Hamel, microbiologiste.  3, record 13, English, - invasion%20plasmid%20antigen

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Extrait d’un article paru dans Journal of Bacteriology, 1987; 169: 2561-9.  3, record 13, English, - invasion%20plasmid%20antigen

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) le locicon tient, entre autres, des gènes codant pour quatre polypeptides dont Hale et al. ont démontré qu'ils étaient particulièrement immunogènes puisque reconnus par les sérums d'enfants ou de singes convalescents de shigellose (27). Ces polypeptides sont maintenant appelés IpaA (78 kDa), IpaB (62 kDa, IpaC (43 kDa) et IpaD (38 kDa). L'organisation génétique de ce locus a été étudiée par plusieurs groupes.  1, record 13, French, - ipa

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

N° spécial, Août 1990.  2, record 13, French, - ipa

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish