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GENE SYNTHESIS [11 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2021-07-23
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- messenger ribonucleic acid
1, record 1, English, messenger%20ribonucleic%20acid
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
- mRNA 2, record 1, English, mRNA
correct
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- messenger RNA 3, record 1, English, messenger%20RNA
correct
- mRNA 4, record 1, English, mRNA
correct
- mRNA 4, record 1, English, mRNA
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Messenger RNA(mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. The mRNA is an RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made. During protein synthesis, an organelle called a ribosome moves along the mRNA, reads its base sequence, and uses the genetic code to translate each three-base triplet, or codon, into its corresponding amino acid. 5, record 1, English, - messenger%20ribonucleic%20acid
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- acide ribonucléique messager
1, record 1, French, acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20messager
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
- ARNm 2, record 1, French, ARNm
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- ARN messager 3, record 1, French, ARN%20messager
correct, masculine noun, standardized
- ARNm 3, record 1, French, ARNm
correct, masculine noun, standardized
- ARNm 3, record 1, French, ARNm
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
ARN synthétisé par transcription de l'ADN et codant pour une protéine. 4, record 1, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20messager
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
ARN messager; ARNm : désignations et définition normalisées par l'AFNOR; définition reproduite avec son autorisation. 5, record 1, French, - acide%20ribonucl%C3%A9ique%20messager
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- ARN mensajero
1, record 1, Spanish, ARN%20mensajero
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
- ácido ribonucleico mensajero 1, record 1, Spanish, %C3%A1cido%20ribonucleico%20mensajero
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ácido nucleico que transcribe un mensaje genético generado en el ADN del núcleo y lo lleva a un ribosoma en el citoplasma, donde sirve como plantilla para la síntesis de proteínas. 1, record 1, Spanish, - ARN%20mensajero
Record 2 - internal organization data 2012-09-12
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- derepression
1, record 2, English, derepression
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- gene derepression 2, record 2, English, gene%20derepression
correct
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An increase in the synthesis of the product of a regulated gene by interference with the action of the repressor. 3, record 2, English, - derepression
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- dérépression
1, record 2, French, d%C3%A9r%C3%A9pression
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Phénomène de levée des mécanismes d'inhibition qui répriment la transcription d'une gène ou d'un groupe de gènes. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.] 2, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9r%C3%A9pression
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Résulte de l'intervention d'un inducteur qui, en s'unissant au répresseur, le détache du gène opérateur, permettant au(x) gène(s) de s'exprimer. C'est un cas particulier des mécanismes de régulation. 3, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9r%C3%A9pression
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
dérépression : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR. 4, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9r%C3%A9pression
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- derrepresión
1, record 2, Spanish, derrepresi%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
- desrepresión 2, record 2, Spanish, desrepresi%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Proceso que pone en marcha la expresión de un gen o conjunto de genes que anteriormente había estado reprimida. 2, record 2, Spanish, - derrepresi%C3%B3n
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Generalmente se inicia al separarse la molécula represora del promotor, ya que, cuando el represor está unido al ADN, la transcripción está detenida. 2, record 2, Spanish, - derrepresi%C3%B3n
Record 3 - internal organization data 2012-04-18
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- repressor
1, record 3, English, repressor
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- repressor protein 2, record 3, English, repressor%20protein
correct
- repressor molecule 2, record 3, English, repressor%20molecule
correct
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Protein synthesised by a regulator gene, which by binding to a specific site on DNA(the operator gene of an operon) prevents the formation of messenger RNA by the operon's other(structural) genes and hence stops protein(enzyme) synthesis. 3, record 3, English, - repressor
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- répresseur
1, record 3, French, r%C3%A9presseur
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Protéine qui bloque l'expression d'un gène en empêchant la transcription s'y associant. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.] 2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9presseur
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Ce processus est réversible. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.] 2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9presseur
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS
répresseur : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR. 3, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9presseur
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- represor
1, record 3, Spanish, represor
correct, masculine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2011-01-10
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- enzyme regulation
1, record 4, English, enzyme%20regulation
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- enzyme control 2, record 4, English, enzyme%20control
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes may be regulated at two levels :(1) at the level of gene expression and protein synthesis through induction and repression;(2) at the enzyme level through enzyme inhibition or activation as a result of the binding of effector molecules at allosteric sites on the enzyme. 2, record 4, English, - enzyme%20regulation
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- régulation de l'activité enzymatique
1, record 4, French, r%C3%A9gulation%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Deux mécanismes majeurs sont à la base de la régulation de l'activité enzymatique : le contrôle génétique et le contrôle de la catalyse. Le contrôle génétique fait intervenir un changement dans la quantité totale de molécules enzymatiques. Les exemples les plus connus de cette forme de régulation sont l'induction enzymatique et la répression chez les micro-organismes [...]. Le contrôle de la catalyse fait intervenir un changement dans l'activité enzymatique sans que change la quantité totale de l'enzyme synthétisée. 1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9gulation%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2011-01-10
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- chemical synthesis
1, record 5, English, chemical%20synthesis
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Formation of one chemical compound from another. 2, record 5, English, - chemical%20synthesis
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
When one wishes to perform site specific mutagenesis on a gene and re-express the mutant genes into altered proteins, several considerations should be taken initially to increase the efficiency of generating mutants. The first step is to construct the gene by chemical synthesis as it allows for the alteration of nucleotide sequence to accommodate changes in the overall design. In the case where host restriction... endonuclease recognition sites of the natural cDNA sequences are not suitable for performing molecular cloning, then it is possible to create additional useful restriction endonuclease recognition sites or alter the pre-existing sites. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a particular amino acid can be specified by more than one, sometimes up to 6 different codons.... A computer program has been devised... which would search upon all these possible combinations of codons, while keeping the original amino acid sequence. 3, record 5, English, - chemical%20synthesis
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- synthèse chimique
1, record 5, French, synth%C3%A8se%20chimique
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Obtention d'une espèce chimique composée à partir des corps simples. Ainsi la combinaison du soufre, corps simple, avec l'oxygène, autre corps simple (par combustion), donne l'anhydride sulfureux, corps composé. C'est une synthèse typique. 2, record 5, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20chimique
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des études immunologiques, réalisées [...] sur les fragments protéiques immunogènes du virus de la fièvre aphteuse, ont permis d'envisager la mise au point d'un vaccin simple et protecteur. Un peptide contenant les deux principales séquences immunogènes des protéines virales a été produit par synthèse chimique. 3, record 5, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20chimique
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- síntesis química
1, record 5, Spanish, s%C3%ADntesis%20qu%C3%ADmica
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2003-06-26
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- solid-state synthesis
1, record 6, English, solid%2Dstate%20synthesis
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- solid-phase synthesis 2, record 6, English, solid%2Dphase%20synthesis
correct
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Technique used for the chemical synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides. The growing chain is linked to a solid support by one of its ends and elongation proceeds at the other. The excess reagents and byproducts of each cycle of the process are eliminated by washing. At the end of the process, the polymer is detached, purified and its sequence checked. 1, record 6, English, - solid%2Dstate%20synthesis
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The technique forms the basis of automatic peptide and gene synthesizers. When used to form polynucleotides, artificial synthesis differs from that catalyzed by DNA polymerase since the latter requires a template. In the chemical synthesis, it is possible to introduce variations as required. 1, record 6, English, - solid%2Dstate%20synthesis
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- synthèse en phase solide
1, record 6, French, synth%C3%A8se%20en%20phase%20solide
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des chercheurs du Medical Research Council (MRC) à Cambridge en Angleterre, ont mis au point une nouvelle méthode chimique de synthèse peptidique. [...] La résine n'est plus un polystyrène mais un polyamide. Cette nouvelle méthode permet une synthèse en phase solide, dans laquelle les réactions chimiques sont douces, et surtout substantiellement optimisées. Ceci donne de hauts rendements et une manipulation plus simple des acides aminés, dont les chaînes latérales sont réactives. 1, record 6, French, - synth%C3%A8se%20en%20phase%20solide
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 6, Main entry term, Spanish
- síntesis en fase sólida
1, record 6, Spanish, s%C3%ADntesis%20en%20fase%20s%C3%B3lida
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 6, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2003-05-15
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- structural gene
1, record 7, English, structural%20gene
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A gene containing coded information for the synthesis of specific proteins with a particular structural or enzymatic function, as opposed to a regulatory function. 2, record 7, English, - structural%20gene
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- gène de structure
1, record 7, French, g%C3%A8ne%20de%20structure
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Gène qui code pour une protéine qui n'intervient pas dans la régulation. 2, record 7, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20de%20structure
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La majorité des gènes sont des gènes de structure. 2, record 7, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20de%20structure
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- gen de estructura
1, record 7, Spanish, gen%20de%20estructura
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 1999-06-16
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- gene therapy vector
1, record 8, English, gene%20therapy%20vector
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Naturally occurring virus releases its genetic material into cells. Whether or not the genes become integrated into the DNA or the infected cell, they soon direct the synthesis of new viral particles that injure the cell and infect others. To convert a wild-type virus into a safe gene therapy vector, scientists replace viral genes with ones specifying therapeutic proteins, while ideally leaving only the viral elements needed for gene expression. Such vectors should enter cells and give rise to helpfull proteins but should not multiply. 1, record 8, English, - gene%20therapy%20vector
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Overcoming the obstacles to gene therapy 2, record 8, English, - gene%20therapy%20vector
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- vecteur de thérapie génique
1, record 8, French, vecteur%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une collaboration étroite avec Schering-Plough nous a permis de participer à la mise en place d'un protocole clinique de Phase I/II de traitement de cancer du colon ou de l'ovaire par transfert du gène p53. SCH58500 est un vecteur de thérapie génique antinéoplasique développé par Schering-Plough qui consiste en un adénovirus vecteur de première génération qui contient et exprime la forme sauvage du gène p53. Ce protocole de phase I consiste à injecter des doses croissantes de vecteur adénoviral (10e9 à 10e13 pfu) dans la cavité péritonéale de malades atteints d'un cancer de l'ovaire. Malheureusement, ce protocole n'a jamais pu être actif à cause des lenteurs réciproques des agences réglementaires et de la société Schering-Plough. Un nouveau protocole est cependant prévu pour 1998. 1, record 8, French, - vecteur%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 1991-06-06
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- synthetize the gene
1, record 9, English, synthetize%20the%20gene
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
For the purpose of obtaining a DNA sequence that represents a particular protein, the ideal approach is to start with the mRNA which is, after all, the template used to produce the protein in vivo. The existence of reverse transcription makes it possible to synthesize a duplex DNA(cDNA) from an mRNA. This is especially easy for mRNA that carries a poly(A) tail at the 3’ "end". Synthesis of genes such as the hemoglobin gene have been achieved in many laboratories. 1, record 9, English, - synthetize%20the%20gene
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Biologie moléculaire
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- synthétiser un gène
1, record 9, French, synth%C3%A9tiser%20un%20g%C3%A8ne
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser à première vue, l'ADN chromosomique d'une cellule eucaryote n'est pas une bonne source de gènes. D'une part, parce que le plus souvent les gènes ont une structure en mosaïque et, d'autre part, parce que la complexité du chromosome cellulaire rend très difficile l'isolement précis d'un gène. La possibilité de synthétiser un gène a donc été une découverte technologique très importante. Il est possible de synthétiser un ADN complémentaire (cADN) du mARN grâce à la réverse transcriptase, cela constitue la synthèse d'un gène par voie enzymatique. Les difficultés sont d'obtenir un mARN suffisamment purifié et une synthèse complète de cADN. Lorsqu'on connaît la séquence en acides aminés d'un polypeptide, on peut aussi effectuer la synthèse chimique du gène correspondant directement à partir des quatre nucléotides A, T, G, et C. C'est une technique beaucoup plus longue que la précédente et qui devient très délicate à partir d'une certaine taille d'ADN. 1, record 9, French, - synth%C3%A9tiser%20un%20g%C3%A8ne
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 1985-03-26
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- hup gene 1, record 10, English, hup%20gene
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In some strains of Rhizobium bacteria a gene carried by a plasmid circumvents this inefficiency [that results from nitrogen fixation]. The gene, designated hup, codes for the synthesis by the bacteria of the enzyme hydrogenase. 1, record 10, English, - hup%20gene
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- gène hup
1, record 10, French, g%C3%A8ne%20hup
masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans quelques souches de Rhizobium, un gène porté par un plasmide évite cette perte énergétique [qui résulte de la fixation de l'azote] : le gène, appelé hup, code pour la synthèse (par la bactérie) d'une enzyme appelée hydrogénase. 1, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20hup
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 1975-03-11
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- control
1, record 11, English, control
verb
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
regulator gene : a gene whose primary function is to control the rate of synthesis of the products of other distant genes. 1, record 11, English, - control
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Biologie moléculaire
Record 11, Main entry term, French
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
il existe des protéines qui régulent la transcription des gènes 1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9guler
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
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