TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a numerical climate prediction model forced by specified lateral and ocean conditions from a general circulation model(GCM) or observation-based dataset... that simulates atmospheric and land surface processes, while accounting for high-resolution topographical data, land-sea contrasts, surface characteristics and other components of the Earth-system.  2, record 1, English, - regional%20climate%20model

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the Northern Hemisphere, the latitudinal and seasonal patterns of the early twentieth century warming are remarkably similar to the patterns predicted by the equilibrium response general circulation model study of Manabe and Stouffer for a quadrupling of CO₂ concentration. If this similarity was a result of early twentieth century CO₂ forcing then it may indicate that equilibrium models can give realistic results... If CO₂ [is] not the dominant forcing mechanism then this similarity supports the idea that the latitudinal patterns of climatic change are largely independent of the type of forcing.  3, record 2, English, - carbon%20dioxide%20forcing

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forçage de l'équilibre radiatif de la planète que provoque l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique du dioxyde de carbone.  1, record 2, French, - for%C3%A7age%20d%C3%BB%20au%20dioxyde%20de%20carbone

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las reducciones de la cubierta de nieve han disminuido la reflectividad de la superficie, provocando casi tanto calentamiento local como el forzamiento de dióxido de carbono durante los últimos 30 años.  1, record 2, Spanish, - forzamiento%20de%20di%C3%B3xido%20de%20carbono

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a numerical model which simulates both atmospheric and oceanic motions and temperatures and which takes into account the effects of each component on the other.  5, record 3, English, - atmosphere%2Docean%20general%20circulation%20model

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Complex computer simulations are... essential for understanding climate change. Computers allow scientists to model the many interactions between different components of the climate system. The most detailed projections are based on coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs). These are similar to the models used to predict the weather, in which the physical laws governing the motion of the atmosphere are reduced to systems of equations to be solved on supercomputers.  6, record 3, English, - atmosphere%2Docean%20general%20circulation%20model

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour éviter qu'un modèle couplé atmosphère-océan de la circulation générale n'indique des conditions climatiques irréalistes, on peut appliquer des termes d'ajustement aux flux de chaleur et d'humidité atmosphère-océan [...] avant de les introduire dans le modèle océan et atmosphère.  5, record 3, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20coupl%C3%A9%20oc%C3%A9an%2Datmosph%C3%A8re

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los modernos modelos climáticos consisten en modelos acoplados -de las corrientes generales del océano y de la atmósfera (CGCMs) que integran las ecuaciones básicas dinámicas de los fluidos- y dan como resultado la simulación tridimensional del flujo de los fluidos (aire-agua) y sus transportes asociados de masa, calor y otras propiedades con una resolución típica de unos pocos cientos de kilómetros.  2, record 3, Spanish, - modelo%20clim%C3%A1tico%20acoplado%20atm%C3%B3sfera%2Doc%C3%A9ano

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model in which a representation of the carbon cycle is included, allowing for interactive calculation of atmospheric CO₂ or compatible emissions.  1, record 4, English, - Earth%20system%20model

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Additional components (e.g., atmospheric chemistry, ice sheets, dynamic vegetation, nitrogen cycle, but also urban or crop models) may be included.  1, record 4, English, - Earth%20system%20model

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle de circulation générale couplé atmosphère-océan comprenant une représentation du cycle du carbone et permettant ainsi des calculs interactifs de la teneur de l'atmosphère en CO₂ ou des émissions compatibles.  1, record 4, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20syst%C3%A8me%20Terre

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il peut comprendre aussi d'autres composantes (ex.: chimie de l'atmosphère, nappes glaciaires, végétation dynamique, cycle de l'azote ou encore modèles de conditions urbaines ou de cultures).  1, record 4, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20syst%C3%A8me%20Terre

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Under the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) the Working Group on Coupled Modelling(WGCM) established the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) as a standard experimental protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs).  2, record 5, English, - Coupled%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Projet de comparaison de modèles couplés (CMIP), au sein du Programme mondial de recherche sur le climat (PMRC), procure des bases indispensables aux études internationales. C'est un remarquable exemple de coordination scientifique et technique entre des dizaines de centres de modélisation du climat, auquel participent au-delà de mille chercheurs.  1, record 5, French, - Projet%20de%20comparaison%20de%20mod%C3%A8les%20coupl%C3%A9s

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) the Working Group on Coupled Modelling(WGCM) established the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) as a standard experimental protocol for studying the output of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs).  1, record 6, English, - Working%20Group%20on%20Coupled%20Modelling

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To enhance insight into a war at sea, a general, aggregated and highly flexible model of the ASW [antisubmarine warfare] campaign is offered. This thesis provides a simple and usable circulation model template. The generality and simplicity of the model allows for "jointization" of an ASW campaign by allowing the user to utilize other resources to define the force mix.  2, record 7, English, - jointness

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] un premier pas vers une interarmisation de moyens appelée à connaître d'autres développements. Une évolution que chaque état-major suit avec le plus grand intérêt.  2, record 7, French, - interarmisation

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Numerical model, usually of the general circulation, which predicts certain statistical properties of the atmosphere rather than the full three-dimensional, time-dependent, distribution of each variable.  1, record 8, English, - statistical%20model

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle numérique, habituellement celui de la circulation générale, qui prévoit certaines propriétés statistiques de l'atmosphère plutôt que la distribution complète de chaque variable dans le temps et dans l'espace.  1, record 8, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20statistique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modelo numérico, habitualmente de la circulación general, que prevé ciertas propiedades estadísticas de la atmósfera más que la distribución tridimensional, en función del tiempo de cada variable.  1, record 8, Spanish, - modelo%20estad%C3%ADstico

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection which results in the formation of clouds.  2, record 9, English, - moist%20convection

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

General Circulation Models have attempted to generate cloudiness but with little confidence in the result. In particular, several models have simulated cloud formation for present and future climates by assuming that clouds form whenever the model precipitates, or whenever moist convection occurs in the model or according to the relative humidity.  3, record 9, English, - moist%20convection

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection qui entraîne la formation de nuages.  1, record 9, French, - convection%20humide

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convección que produce nubosidad.  1, record 9, Spanish, - convecci%C3%B3n%20h%C3%BAmeda

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AMIP is a standard experimental protocol for global atmospheric general circulation models(AGCMs). It provides a community-based infrastructure in support of climate model diagnosis, validation, intercomparison, documentation and data access.  2, record 10, English, - Atmospheric%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The change which would occur once all the lags in the climate system have worked through the system, which may take decades or centuries.  2, record 11, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Second generation of General Circulation.] With these models, researchers were able to explore what they called equilibrium climate change, that is, the changes in climate that would result after the climate system had stabilized in response to a given change - usually a doubling - in greenhouse gas concentrations.  3, record 11, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

equilibrium climate : The climate as determined from a general circulation model, when the model has been run under a specified set of boundary conditions to reach an equilibrium(or quasi-equilibrium) state.  4, record 11, English, - equilibrium%20climate%20change

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vers la fin des années 1980, [...] les progrès des techniques de modélisation, de la compréhension des processus climatiques et de la puissance des ordinateurs ont permis d'élaborer une deuxième génération de MCG [Modèle de circulation générale]. [...] Les chercheurs ont alors pu explorer ce qu'ils appelaient le changement climatique à l'équilibre, autrement dit les nouvelles conditions climatiques qui régneraient une fois que le système se serait stabilisé en réponse à un changement donné des concentrations de gaz à effet de serre - en général un doublement.  2, record 11, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour les deux scénarios de changement climatique à l'équilibre, le rendement diminue dans le haut Veldt (Karoi) et la région semi-aride (Beit Bridge), mais il augmente dans les zones médianes (Gweru et Masvingo).  3, record 11, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

climat à l'équilibre : État climatique déterminé par un modèle de circulation générale, lorsqu'on fait fonctionner ce dernier avec un certain ensemble de conditions aux limites jusqu'à l'obtention d'un état d'équilibre (ou quasi-équilibre).  4, record 11, French, - changement%20climatique%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clima equilibrado : Clima que resulta de un modelo de la circulación general si éste ha sido elaborado bajo un conjunto de condiciones límites para conseguir un estado equilibrado (o casi equilibrado).  2, record 11, Spanish, - cambio%20clim%C3%A1tico%20de%20equilibrio

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The path of realized climate change which takes into account the lags in the climate system, as opposed to equilibrium change.  2, record 12, English, - transient%20climate%20change

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We created a reduced-form climate model that is based upon a series of previously conducted transient atmosphere-ocean general circulation model(AOGCM) simulations. For the model, we constructed a set of multiple regression transformation equations that relate the time history of radiative forcing to future transient climate change. These transformation equations were derived for a global grid and enable us to estimate future transient climate for a number of variables and for a wide range of CO₂ and aerosol emission scenarios.  3, record 12, English, - transient%20climate%20change

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scénarios qui illustrent la répartition spatiale du réchauffement de température (°C) et du changement dans le régime de précipitation (mm/jour) sur le globe. Ces résultats sont obtenues par simulation d'un modèle de changement climatique transitoire avec augmentation du forçage dû aux gaz à effet de serre et aux aérosols. Ces deux schémas sont les résultats d'un ensemble de quatre simulations de changements climatiques transitoires [...]  1, record 12, French, - changement%20climatique%20transitoire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To avoid the problem of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model drifting into some unrealistic climatic state(e. g., excessively warm temperatures in the tropical Pacific ocean), adjustment terms can be applied to the fluxes of heat and precipitations(and sometimes the surface stresses resulting from the effect of the wind on the ocean surface) before being imposed on the model ocean.  1, record 13, English, - flux%20adjustment

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour éviter qu'un modèle couplé atmosphère-océan de la circulation générale n'indique des conditions climatiques irréalistes (par exemple des températures excessivement élevées dans la partie tropicale de l'océan Pacifique), on peut appliquer des termes d'ajustement aux flux de chaleur et de précipitation (et parfois aux tensions de surface résultant de l'effet du vent sur la surface des océans) avant de les introduire dans le modèle océanique.  1, record 13, French, - ajustement%20des%20flux

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para evitar que un modelo de circulación general atmósfera/océano acoplado derive hacia un estado del clima irreal (por ejemplo, con temperaturas excesivamente cálidas en la parte tropical del Océano Pacífico), una solución consistiría en aplicar ciertos términos de ajuste a los flujos de calor y precipitación (y, a veces, a las coerciones superficiales resultantes del efecto del viento sobre la superficie del océano) antes de imponerlos al océano del modelo.  1, record 13, Spanish, - ajuste%20de%20flujo

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The climate as determined from a general circulation model, when the model has been run under a specified set of boundary conditions to reach an equilibrium(or quasi-equilibrium) state.  1, record 14, English, - equilibrium%20climate

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État climatique déterminé par un modèle de circulation générale, lorsqu'on fait fonctionner ce dernier avec un certain ensemble de conditions aux limites jusqu'à l'obtention d'un état d'équilibre (ou quasi-équilibre).  1, record 14, French, - climat%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clima que resulta de un modelo de la circulación general si éste ha sido elaborado bajo un conjunto de condiciones límites para conseguir un estado equilibrado (o casi equilibrado).  1, record 14, Spanish, - clima%20equilibrado