TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crime or series of crimes, such as genocide, directed against a large group because of race, religion, country of origin, or other reason unconnected with any individual’s responsibility for having committed a criminal act.  2, record 1, English, - crime%20against%20humanity

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crime against humanity means murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution or any other inhumane act or omission that is committed against any civilian population or any identifiable group and that, at the time and in the place of its commission, constitutes a crime against humanity according to customary international law or conventional international law or by virtue of its being criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations, whether or not it constitutes a contravention of the law in force at the time and in the place of its commission.  3, record 1, English, - crime%20against%20humanity

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Meurtre, extermination, réduction en esclavage, déportation, emprisonnement, torture, violence sexuelle, persécution ou autre fait — acte ou omission — inhumain, d'une part, commis contre une population civile ou un groupe identifiable de personnes et, d'autre part, qui constitue, au moment et au lieu de la perpétration, un crime contre l'humanité selon le droit international coutumier ou le droit international conventionnel, ou en raison de son caractère criminel d'après les principes généraux de droit reconnus par l'ensemble des nations, qu'il constitue ou non une transgression du droit en vigueur à ce moment et dans ce lieu.  2, record 1, French, - crime%20contre%20l%27humanit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crimen de especial gravedad, como el asesinato, el exterminio, la esclavitud, la deportación o el traslado forzoso de población, la privación grave de la libertad o la tortura, que se comete como parte de un ataque generalizado o sistemático contra una población civil y con conocimiento de dicho ataque.  3, record 1, Spanish, - crimen%20de%20lesa%20humanidad

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

crimen de lesa humanidad; delito de lesa humanidad: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, recomienda utilizar la expresión "crimen de lesa humanidad" y no "delito de lesa humanidad".  2, record 1, Spanish, - crimen%20de%20lesa%20humanidad

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general economic and social facts that the judge uses in determining the law have been referred to as legislative facts. In the past judges have most frequently taken judicial notice of them expressly in determining the constitutional validity of statutes. For instance in determining the constitutional validity of a provincial statute imposing a tax on banks, the courts have taken judicial notice of economic facts in assessing the impact of the tax on banks. Also in determining customary international law, courts have taken judicial notice of general and particular acts of state practice.  2, record 2, English, - legislative%20fact

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... adjudicative facts are so named because they pertain to factual basis of the case ... legislative facts concern matters of law and policy ...  3, record 2, English, - legislative%20fact

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément d'information d'ordre économique ou social dont le juge se sert dans la détermination de la loi. Il se distingue notamment du fait d'intérêt privé.  1, record 2, French, - fait%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20public

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On parle de faits législatifs pour désigner les éléments généraux d'ordre économique et social dont le juge se sert dans la détermination de la loi. Dans le passé, il est arrivé très souvent à des juges de les prendre expressément sous connaissance d'office en déterminant la validité constitutionnelle d'une loi. C'est ainsi qu'en scrutant la constitutionnalité d'une loi provinciale frappant les banques d'une taxe, les tribunaux ont pris connaissance d'office de certains faits d'ordre économique en évaluant les effets de la taxe sur les activités bancaires. De même, les tribunaux appelés à déterminer le droit international coutumier ont pris sous connaissance d'office des pratiques générales et particulières propres aux États.  2, record 2, French, - fait%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20public

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Customary international law are those aspects of international law that derive from custom. Along with general principles of law and treaties, custom is considered by the International Court of Justice, jurists, the United Nations, and its member states to be among the primary sources of international law.  3, record 3, English, - customary%20international%20law

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, record 3, English, - customary%20international%20law

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rules underlying the principle of international responsibility are the complement of all other rules of international law. They transform otherwise admonitory precepts into legal norms and, in this sense, may also be described... as sanctions of international law. It is the function of these rules to determine the legal consequences of the breach of any of the other rules of international law, be they those of treaties, international customary law or general principles of law recognised by civilised nations.  1, record 4, English, - international%20responsibility

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Obligation incombant, selon le droit international, à l'État auquel est imputable un acte ou une omission contraire à ses obligations internationales, d'en fournir réparation à l'État qui en a été victime en lui-même ou dans la personne ou les biens de ses ressortissants.  1, record 4, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20internationale

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] institución dirigida a la restauración del ordenamiento internacional [...] ante aquellas conductas lesivas [...] atribuibles a determinados sujetos internacionales - bien Estados u organizaciones internacionales -, que conllevan la obligación de reparación.  1, record 4, Spanish, - responsabilidad%20internacional

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is an urgent need for a legally-constituted law-making body i.e. a World Parliament, for enacting enforceable International Laws that are applicable on all the countries and the peoples of the world.  2, record 5, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The broad, binding effect of customary international law, coupled with the reality that such law can be created by the simple repetition of language at various UN meetings, raises a vital question :"At what point does a ’nonbinding agreement’ turn into an international agreement, a promise into a unilateral act, fact into custom?"(12) While no precise answer is possible, a general rule can be stated : previously non-binding norms become enforceable international law when(in the capacious words of one scholar) they have been repeated "with sufficient frequency.  3, record 5, English, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit positif : ensemble des règles de droit en vigueur dans un pays à un moment donné (opposé à droit naturel).  2, record 5, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] Déclaration sur les Règles de droit international humanitaire relatives à la conduite des hostilités dans les conflits armés non internationaux [...] présente les principes et règles que l'Institut international de droit humanitaire, réuni à Taormina le 7 avril 1990, a identifiés en tant que droit international positif ou droit international en formation.  3, record 5, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[L'expression anglaise «enforceable international law» peut aussi se traduire par l'expression explicative suivante :] règles de droit international assorties de moyens d'en assurer l'application.  4, record 5, French, - droit%20international%20positif

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normas de derecho internacional con mecanismo de aplicación.  1, record 5, Spanish, - derecho%20internacional%20positivo

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As further examples of servitudes one may take the rights of access actually enjoyed with respect to enclaves. Three instances are available, those along the Dutch-Belgian frontier, those of Portugal in India, and West Berlin. The importance of tacit arrangements as creating rights is illustrated by the Rights of Passage case decided by the International Court of Justice with respect to the enclaves of Portugal in India which are separated from Goa. These were acquired by treaty in 1779, from a local Indian prince, whose successor in title, Great Britain, permitted access. Portugal relied on a local custom of access and also on general customary law concerning access. The Court upheld Portugal' s limited right of access as the outcome of "a practice clearly established between two States which was accepted by the Parties as governing the relations between them. "The right of access to Berlin is not completely guaranteed in the documents relating to Allied occupation of the city, but is alleged to be incidental to the right to be in Berlin.  1, record 6, English, - right%20of%20access

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish