TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One untested hypothesis in oil spill response is that "chemical dispersants do not work effectively in cold water. "This is due to the general misconception that cold water inhibits dispersant effectiveness(DE) and the lack of experimental data to indicate otherwise. To address this issue, the U. S. Minerals Management Service(MMS)... conducted two series of dispersant experiments in very cold water at Ohmsett... [Both] Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 dispersants were more than 90% effective in dispersing the fresh and weathered crude oils tested [and dispelled] the thought that chemical dispersants cannot be effective in cold water.  2, record 1, English, - dispersant%20effectiveness

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas du naufrage du TANIO, des agents dispersants mélangés à de l'eau ont été utilisés en grande quantité pour nettoyer les rochers ou appliqués purs sur les rochers mazoutés avant nettoyage. L'efficacité des agents dispersants fut le sujet d'un débat technique considérable [...]  2, record 1, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20agent%20dispersant

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Between 1972 and 1977 several studies confirmed the hypothesis that air pollutants could travel several thousands of kilometres before deposition and damage occurred. This also implied that cooperation at the international level was necessary to solve problems such as acidification. In response to these acute problems, a High-level Meeting within the Framework of the ECE on the Protection of the Environment was held at ministerial level in November 1979 in Geneva. It resulted in the signature of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution by 34 Governments and the European Community(EC). The Convention was the first international legally binding instrument to deal with problems of air pollution on a broad regional basis. Besides laying down the general principles of international cooperation for air pollution abatement, the Convention sets up an institutional framework bringing together research and policy. The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution entered into force in 1983. It has been extended by eight specific protocols.  2, record 2, English, - Convention%20on%20Long%2Drange%20Transboundary%20Air%20Pollution

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a series of four studies, Theodorakis et al.(2000) examined the general hypothesis that performance gains would be expected when the type of self-talk employed by an individual matched task demands.  2, record 3, English, - performance%20gain

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Athletes currently administer performance enhancing substances in doses that are commensurate with the amount of performance gain they wish to attain, rather than the dose that can be considered "safe."  3, record 3, English, - performance%20gain

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette hausse de performance s'explique par une augmentation de la force musculaire des muscles des membres supérieurs et du tronc tout en préservant l'amplitude de mouvement et en aidant à augmenter la coordination neuromusculaire des segments concernés par l'élan de frappe, communément appelé « l'effet de fouettage ».  1, record 3, French, - hausse%20de%20performance

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A general hypothesis that security prices always fully reflect all publicly available information concerning traded securities. In efficient capital markets, security prices adjust rapidly and unbiasedly to any newly released information.  4, record 4, English, - efficient%20market%20hypothesis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypothèse selon laquelle le marché des valeurs mobilières (et donc le cours des titres) tient compte de toutes les informations disponibles et réagit presque instantanément et d'une façon objective à toute nouvelle information, qu'elle soit donnée dans le corps même des états financiers (ou comptes), par voie de notes ou d'annexes, ou ailleurs que dans les documents comptables.  2, record 4, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%27efficience%20du%20march%C3%A9%20des%20capitaux

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se cumple cuando los inversores pueden acceder fácilmente a información relevante, y cuando los costes para operar en el mercado son bajos y no hay ningún operador que lo domine. En esa situación, los precios de las acciones o títulos ya reflejan (descuentan) toda la información disponible.  1, record 4, Spanish, - hip%C3%B3tesis%20de%20mercados%20eficientes

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Refers to the way individuals gain information about their competencies and acceptability by their perceptions of the way that others react to them. The individual sees him/herself in the "mirror" provided by the reactions of others.  1, record 5, English, - reflected%20appraisal

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Related terms: self-evaluation (=self-assessment), social perception, social interaction, peer relation, self-perception.  2, record 5, English, - reflected%20appraisal

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The symbolic interactionist model of self-concept, also known as the reflected appraisal process, was adopted as the theoretical framework to investigate the effects of social interaction processes on the self-appraisals of adult participants in a small group... Actual appraisals had moderate effects on reflected appraisals, and had no effects on self-appraisals when reflected appraisals were controlled... General self-esteem of adolescents from ethnic minorities in the Netherlands and the reflected appraisal process... Reflected appraisal and the development of self... Self-and reflected appraisal among football players : a test of the Meadian Hypothesis... [Source : PASCAL database].  2, record 5, English, - reflected%20appraisal

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'idée que chaque individu a de soi-même est fonction de la façon dont il perçoit les réactions des autres à son égard. Des écoliers évaluent en fonction des réactions de leurs pairs, leur propre potentiel d'attirance physique [Source : base de données PASCAL].  1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20de%20soi%20en%20fonction%20des%20r%C3%A9actions%20de%20ses%20pairs

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes connexes : autoperception, relation interpair, interaction sociale, conception, estime de soi, image de soi.  1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9valuation%20de%20soi%20en%20fonction%20des%20r%C3%A9actions%20de%20ses%20pairs

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Let us formulate a general paradigm for inductive inference : Given observational statements(facts), F, that represent specific knowledge about some objects, situations, processes, and so on, tentative inductive assertion, and background knowledge, find an inductive assertion(hypothesis), H, that tautologically or weakly implies the observational statements, and satisfies the background knowledge.  2, record 6, English, - factual%20assertion

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A l'opposé d'une règle sélective, une règle constructive produit des généralisations qui peuvent porter sur des attributs n'apparaissant pas dans les assertions factuelles dont on part.  1, record 6, French, - assertion%20factuelle

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Searching from General to Specific Hypothesis.... For each hypothesis h... that matches n(a negative instance), replace h with the most general specialization(s) of h that will not match n.  1, record 7, English, - most%20general%20specialization

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) calcule l'ensemble Gmax des spécialisations maximales g de la description hg donnée (...).  1, record 7, French, - sp%C3%A9cialisation%20maximale

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Learning Concepts from Examples.... the roles played by positive and negative instances are reversed in the general-to-specific approach.... In this approach one begins with the most general hypothesis possible....(Negative instances) generate a more specific hypothesis.  1, record 8, English, - general%2Dto%2Dspecific%20method

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'apprentissage empirique de concept par exemples. (...) Dans l'approche guidée par des concepts approximatifs, la structure globale de l'algorithme est une itération, sur les approximations décrites dans A (ensemble auxiliaire de descriptions approximatives du concept données), d'adaptations de la description approximée courante eu égard aux différentes instances décrites dans I (l'ensemble de descriptions des instances positives et négatives données).  1, record 8, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralisation%20guid%C3%A9e%20par%20descriptions%20approximatives

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SMITHTOWN(Shute an Glaser, 1986; Shute and Bonar, 1986) is a system for teaching economics, which combines a microworld for exploratory learning with a(bite-sized tutoring module.) The student is presented with a simulated town; she can vary parameters such as the supply or the price of certain goods to study the modifications induced in other parameters. Figure 7. 11 shows a snapshot of SMITHTOWN's "notebook" facility, which allows the student to record her experiments. The system implements two simultaneous pedagogical intentions : teaching principles of economics and teaching general investigative behaviors. Bites at the economics level monitor which laws the student is discovering, supplying the name of the new concept when she makes a relevant hypothesis. If the student flounders excessively, the system can become more directive and suggest experiments according to a curriculum that organizes the(domain bites). Bites for investigative behaviors monitor various skills of scientific inquiry such as the ability to collect and record data in a systematic way. At this level, the system acts as a coach, but it does not address inquiry skills directly, since these bites constitute a sort of(metacurriculum).  1, record 9, English, - bite%2Dsized%20tutoring%20module

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

module pédagogique : macrocomposante d'un didacticiel intelligent qui contient et gère les informations nécessaires au choix des interventions pédagogiques en fonction des informations fournies par le modèle de l'apprenant.  3, record 9, French, - module%20de%20microexpertise%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

micro-expertise : unité d'apprentissage du module expert ou du module pédagogique.  3, record 9, French, - module%20de%20microexpertise%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We will consider a more general class of rules in which the hypothesis H. may be made from conjunctions are disjunctions of negated or unnegated atomic formulae. We will call such rules disjunctive rules.  2, record 10, English, - disjunctive%20rule

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because the forward price of foreign exchange is in general equal to the price expected in the future plus a risk premium, we tested the joint hypothesis known as the "speculative efficiency hypothesis" which states that :(i) markets are efficient;(ii) risk premiums are constant; and(iii) transactions costs are negligible. It should be noted that it is not possible to test condition(i) alone.  1, record 11, English, - speculative%20efficiency%20hypothesis

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parce que le cours du terme d'une devise est en général égal au cours que l'on prévoit pour l'avenir, plus une prime de risque, nous avons testé les hypothèses conjointes connues sous le nom «d'hypothèses de l'efficience spéculative», selon lesquelles : i) les marchés des changes sont efficients; ii) les primes de risque sont constantes et iii) les coûts de transaction sont négligeables. Il faut toutefois noter qu'il n'est pas possible de tester isolément la première hypothèse.  1, record 11, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%27efficience%20sp%C3%A9culative

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rejection of the hypothesis of speculative efficiency is actually the rejection of a joint hypothesis of :(i) market efficiency;(ii) no risk premiums; and(iii) zero transactions costs. In our tests, we replace condition(ii) with the more general condition of a constant risk premium.  1, record 12, English, - constant%20risk%20premium

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rejet de l'hypothèse de l'efficience spéculative est en fait le rejet des hypothèses conjointes : i) de l'efficience du marché; ii) de l'absence de primes de risque et iii) d'un coût de transaction égal à zéro. Dans nos tests, nous avons remplacé l'hypothèse ii) par une hypothèse plus générale, soit celle d'une prime de risque constante.  1, record 12, French, - prime%20de%20risque%20constante

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to one [hypothesis], which is essentially Becker's, the directions of the joints were probably at an angle of 45 ° to the principal pressures, following the "glide planes" of the ellipsoid of deformation. But when such a rupture appears in a rock, it is immediately followed by a displacement of its margins. However, there are joints in undeformed rocks, and, in general, no slip takes place along the joints(...)  1, record 13, English, - Becker%27s%20hypothesis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon [l'hypothèse de Becker], les directions des diaclases seraient à 45 ° des pressions principales, suivant les "plans de glissement" de l'ellipsoïde de déformation. Mais, lorsqu'une telle rupture apparaît dans une roche, elle est immédiatement suivie d'un déplacement de ses lèvres. Or il peut y avoir des diaclases sans déformation de la roche, et en général aucun glissement ne se produit le long des diaclases (...)  2, record 13, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20Becker

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish