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GENERAL IDEA [41 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2025-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Diplomacy
  • National and International Security
CONT

The general idea of coercive diplomacy is to back one's demand on an adversary with a threat of punishment for noncompliance that he will consider credible and potent enough to persuade him to comply with the demand.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Diplomatie
  • Sécurité nationale et internationale
CONT

La diplomatie coercitive est une stratégie visant à influencer les décisions ou actions d'un autre État par des menaces ou des promesses de récompense sans recourir à la force militaire.

Spanish

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Record 2 2023-10-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Relativity (Physics)
  • Mathematics
DEF

The geometric theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein, incorporating and extending the theory of special relativity to accelerated frames of reference and introducing the principle that gravity is a consequence of matter causing a curvature in spacetime.

CONT

The central idea of general relativity is that space and time are two aspects of spacetime. Spacetime is curved when there is gravity, matter, energy, and momentum.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Relativité (Physique)
  • Mathématiques
DEF

Théorie géométrique de la gravitation formulée par Albert Einstein qui incorpore et applique la théorie de la relavité spéciale à des cadres de référence accélérés, de même qu'introduit la notion voulant que la gravité est une conséquence de la matière courbant l'espace-temps.

CONT

Selon la relativité générale, l'attraction gravitationnelle que l'on observe entre les masses est provoquée par une déformation de l'espace et du temps par ces masses.

Spanish

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Record 3 2022-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorological Forecasting, Data Measurement and Analysis
CONT

There is a systematic bias in the reporting of POP [probability of precipitation] by television stations. Research shows : weather presenters intentionally report higher probabilities for rain than they believe.... The idea is that the general public will blame them if it rains when the prediction was for no rain(people often equate very low POP with no rain), whereas if the prediction is wrong the other way around-high POP but no rain-then people are relieved and do not blame the forecasters. This bias is well enough established to have its own name : the "wet bias. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévisions météorologiques et mesure et analyse des données

Spanish

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Record 4 2022-04-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Climate Change
  • Pollutants
CONT

In the Northern Hemisphere, the latitudinal and seasonal patterns of the early twentieth century warming are remarkably similar to the patterns predicted by the equilibrium response general circulation model study of Manabe and Stouffer for a quadrupling of CO2 concentration. If this similarity was a result of early twentieth century CO2 forcing then it may indicate that equilibrium models can give realistic results... If CO2 [is] not the dominant forcing mechanism then this similarity supports the idea that the latitudinal patterns of climatic change are largely independent of the type of forcing.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Changements climatiques
  • Agents de pollution
DEF

Forçage de l'équilibre radiatif de la planète que provoque l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique du dioxyde de carbone.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Cambio climático
  • Agentes contaminantes
CONT

Las reducciones de la cubierta de nieve han disminuido la reflectividad de la superficie, provocando casi tanto calentamiento local como el forzamiento de dióxido de carbono durante los últimos 30 años.

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Record 5 2018-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Psychology (General)
CONT

Self-fulfillment is a traditional ideal that has been exalted in both Western and non-Western cultures... But there is a general conception of it which can give an initial idea of why self-fulfillment has so often been highly valued as a primary constituent... According to this conception, self-fulfillment consists in carrying to fruition one's deepest desires or one's worthiest capacities.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie (Généralités)

Spanish

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Record 6 2017-05-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematics
DEF

A general idea behind an equation, problem or formula in [mathematics].

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques
CONT

Dans une situation d’action, l’élève est invité à choisir et à appliquer les concepts mathématiques appropriés et à présenter une démarche qui rend explicite son raisonnement.

Spanish

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Record 7 2017-02-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of International Programs
  • Psycho-, Socio- and Ethnolinguistics
OBS

At the proposal of Haiti and some African countries, the General Conference of UNESCO approved at its 27th Session in 1993 the implementation of the "Slave Route" Project(Resolution 27 C/3. 13). The idea of a "Route" expresses the dynamics of the movement of peoples, civilizations and cultures, while that of "slave" addresses not only the universal phenomenon of slavery, but also in a more precise and explicit way the transatlantic slave trade in the Atlantic, and slave trade in the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. The project has three major objectives : to break the silence surrounding the slave trade and slavery through the historical study of the causes and dynamics of the transatlantic slave trade; the clarification of the consequences and interactions resulting from the slave trade; to contribute to the establishment of a culture of tolerance and peaceful coexistence between races and peoples.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes internationaux
  • Psycho-, socio- et ethnolinguistique
OBS

C'est une proposition de Haïti et des pays africains que la Conférence générale de l'UNESCO a approuvé lors de sa vingtième session en 1993, la mise en œuvre du projet «La route de l'esclave» (Résolution 27C/3.13). Si le concept de «route» exprime la dynamique du mouvement des peuples, des civilisations et des cultures, celui «d'esclave» s'adresse non pas au phénomène universel de l'esclavage mais, de manière précise et explicite, à la traite négrière transatlantique, dans l'Océan Indien et en Méditerranée. Le projet «La route de l'esclave» a un triple objectif : briser le silence en faisant connaître universellement la question de la traite négrière transatlantique et de l'esclavage, dans l'océan Indien et en Méditerranée, ses causes profondes, les faits historiques et les modalités d'exécution par des travaux scientifiques; mettre en lumière, de manière objective ses conséquences et, notamment les interactions entre tous les peuples concernés d'Europe, d'Afrique, des Amériques et des Caraïbes; enfin, contribuer à l'instauration d'une culture de la tolérance et de coexistence pacifique des peuples.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos de programas internacionales
  • Psicolingüística, sociolingüística y etnolingüística
OBS

A propuesta de Haiti y de algunos paises africanos, la Conferencia General de la UNESCO en su 27e reunión, celebrada en 1993, aprobó la realización del proyecto "La Ruta del Esclavo" (Resolución 27 C/3.13). La idea de "ruta" corresponde a la dinámica del desplazamiento de poblaciones, civilizaciones y culturas, mientras que la de "esclavo" alude no sólo al fenómeno universal de la esclavitud, sino también de modo más concreto y explicito al comercio de esclavos en el Océano Atlántico, et Océano Indico y el Mar Mediterráneo. El Proyecto "La Ruta del Esclavo" persigue un triple objetivo: romper el silencio sobre et tema de la trata transatlántica y la esclavitud por medio de un estudio histórico de las causas y de la dinámica del comercio transatlántico de esclavos; poner de relieve de manera objetiva sus consecuencias, en particular las interacciones entre los pueblos afectados de Europa, Africa, de las Américas y del Caribe; contribuir a instaurar una cultura de la tolerancia y de coexistencia pacifica de los pueblos.

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Record 8 2015-10-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Economic Doctrines, Systems and Policies
  • Law of Contracts (common law)
CONT

The idea that contractual obligations are based on agreement must... be qualified in relation to the scope of the principle of freedom of contract. In the nineteenth century, judges took the view that persons of full capacity should in general be allowed to make what contracts they like, the law only interfered on fairly specific grounds such as misrepresentation, indue influence or illegality.

Key term(s)
  • contract freedom

French

Domaine(s)
  • Doctrines, systèmes et politiques économiques
  • Droit des contrats (common law)
DEF

Principe consacrant le droit de toute personne de s'engager librement dans un contrat.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Doctrinas, políticas y sistemas económicos
  • Derecho de contratos (common law)
DEF

Principio económico del liberalismo que defiende la posibilidad de concluir toda clase de acuerdos o convenios privados, para la realización de cualquier tipo de obra, proyecto, compraventa, etc.

Save record 8

Record 9 2014-07-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Conventions, Treaties and Agreements (Documents)
  • Weapon Systems
  • Scientific Research
OBS

Idea advanced by the USSR [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics] at the 31st session of the General Assembly; to be worked out by the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de conventions, de traités et d'accords (Documents)
  • Systèmes d'armes
  • Recherche scientifique

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos de convenciones, tratados y acuerdos (Documentos)
  • Sistemas de armas
  • Investigación científica
Save record 9

Record 10 2014-01-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Emergency Management
CONT

Once there is a general idea of the identity of presumed fatalities, an immediate search should begin for the information needed to create identification files corresponding to each case.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion des urgences
CONT

Le ministère de la Santé indonésien a révisé à la baisse le bilan des morts, le ramenant de trois à un, en expliquant que deux victimes présumées décédées avaient en fait été retrouvées.

Spanish

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Record 11 2013-11-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Noise Pollution
  • Air Transport
CONT

The general idea of a noise abatement arrival procedure is to combine a continuous descent profile with an effective low noise descent profile of the aircraft. Such an arrival procedure is defined by the vertical profile, the speed or thrust profile and the required aircraft configuration. Two of those three parameters can be prescribed and the third one will result from that.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution par le bruit
  • Transport aérien

Spanish

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Record 12 2013-04-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
CONT

Tail male general is the same thing as tail male; the word "general", in such case, implying that there is no other restriction upon the descent of the estate than that it must go in the male line.... The word "general", in the phrase, expresses a purely negative idea, and may denote the absence of any restriction, or the absence of some given restriction which is tacitly understood.(Black, 5th, p. 1303)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

fief taillé ordinaire en ligne masculine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 13 2012-05-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

A teaching style in which the content proceeds from the most general to the most specific.

CONT

Deductive teaching... The instructor using a deductive approach typically presents a general concept by first defining it and then providing examples or illustrations that demonstrate the idea.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Méthode d'enseignement qui consiste à présenter un concept général pour ensuite en étudier les exemples d'application.

CONT

Alterner un enseignement inductif et un enseignement déductif pour varier et accommoder les différents styles d’apprentissage [...] Déductif : partir des lettres et sons pour arriver aux mots [...]

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2012-03-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Various Proper Names
  • Foreign Trade
  • Trade Fairs, Exhibitions, and Shows
OBS

Industry Canada. "Are you researching a new business idea? Expanding your company? Exporting around the world? The Government of Canada Info-Fairs have something for you--dozens of federal programs for small business and "how-to" seminars. All in one place and admission is free. Over 80, 000 entrepreneurs have visited the Info-Fairs since the first event in November 1996. "There are general Info-Fairs : Winnipeg Small Business Info-Fair, Iqaluit Small Business Info-Fair, Belleville Small Business Info-Fair, etc.

Key term(s)
  • Small Businesses Info-Fair
  • Small Businesses Info-Fairs
  • Government of Canada Info-Fair
  • Government of Canada Info-Fairs
  • Info-Fair

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appellations diverses
  • Commerce extérieur
  • Salons, foires et expositions (Commerce)
OBS

Industrie Canada. «Êtes-vous à la recherche d'une nouvelle idée commerciale? Avez-vous des projets d'expansion? Exportez-vous dans le monde? Les foires-info pour la petite entreprise, organisées par le gouvernement du Canada, ont quelque chose pour vous -- des douzaines de programmes fédéraux et de séminaires «pratiques». Tout se trouve au même endroit et l'entrée est gratuite. Plus de 80000 entrepreneurs ont visité les foires-info depuis leur lancement en novembre 1996. Il y a plusieurs Foires-info : Foire-info pour la petite entreprise de Winnipeg, Foire-info pour la petite entreprise de Iqualuit, Foire-info pour la petite entreprise de Belleville, etc.»

Key term(s)
  • Foire-info pour les petites entreprises
  • Foire-infos pour les petites entreprises
  • Foire-info du gouvernement du Canada
  • Foires-info du gouvernement du Canada
  • Foire-info

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2012-01-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Archaeology
OBS

pilot pits or ditches giving a general idea of a site.

Key term(s)
  • deep probing

French

Domaine(s)
  • Archéologie
Key term(s)
  • sondage profond

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2011-12-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Sociology of Medicine
CONT

Although the word root "-iatros" refers to the medical profession, [Jacob Levy Moreno] was speaking of the general idea of healing... For Moreno, sociatry was a general effort to bring the best insights of psychology, psychiatry, and sociology to the general population, to heal social problems, race relations, educational challenges, and so forth.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sociologie de la médecine
CONT

Médecin, sociologue, philosophe, psychothérapeute de groupe et homme de théâtre d'Europe centrale (élevé dans la Vienne de l'Empire austro-hongrois, puis émigré en 1926 aux États-Unis et naturalisé américain), [Jacob Levy Moreno] est le créateur du psychodrame et du sociodrame, de la sociométrie, de la psychothérapie de groupe (1932), [...] de la sociatrie (terme intégrateur d'une approche systémique de la psychiatrie sociale) [...]

Spanish

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Record 17 2011-10-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Demography
CONT

Related to the concept of an "ultimate" limit to length of life is the idea of compression of mortality. This term is invoked(e. g., Fries, 1980) to describe a population in which the proportion of people surviving to advanced ages begins to approach what is assumed to be a biologically(presumably genetic) predetermined age limit to human survival. At this limit, the survival curve "rectangularizes", although a mathematically precise formulation of what constitutes rectangularization is not yet available. There are, however, a general set of order relations for different types of "survival curves" that we can use graphically to illustrate rectangularization.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Démographie
CONT

La baisse de la mortalité aux âges jeunes fait que la courbe des survivants devient de plus en plus horizontale à ces âges jeunes et de plus en plus verticale aux âges avancés. À cette «rectangularisation», correspond la transformation de la «pyramide» des âges en une tour plus «cylindrique».

Spanish

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Record 18 2011-09-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Surveys (Public Relations)
  • Marketing Research
  • Statistical Surveys
CONT

Proper auspices employing skilful procedures have often elicited high responses from special populations... however the idea prevails that mail surveys cannot elicit high response rates from the general public.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Enquêtes et sondages (Relations publiques)
  • Étude du marché
  • Sondages et enquêtes (Statistique)
CONT

L'expérience montre (...) que les enquêtes postales ont en général un rendement assez faible.

Spanish

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Record 19 2011-01-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Treaties and Conventions
CONT

[the League of Nations circles] transformed the idea of a general treaty of mutual guarantees against aggression, following and elaborating the Covenant, into a series of special guarantee treaties between those States which felt themselves mots nearly threatened.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traités et alliances
OBS

garantie mutuelle : Expression employée dans quelques traités pour désigner l'engagement que prennent deux ou plusieurs États de s'assurer réciproquement, même à l'encontre d'autrui le respect de leur existence, de leur indépendance, de leur statut international, de leurs frontières.

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2010-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
DEF

Model, explaining the great specificity of enzymes for their substrates, in which the enzyme has an active site complementary to the shape of the substrate. If the substrate has a different shape, it not bind.

CONT

One of the first important studies on the specificity of enzymes was carried out by Emil Fischer, who found that enzymes capable of hydrolyzing glycosides can distinguish between their stereoisomeric forms. In 1894 this observation led him to enunciate the principle that the substrate molecule fits the active site of the enzyme in a... lock-and-key relationship.... Nowadays, the modified concept of transition state stabilization is gaining favor. According to this idea, it is not that the substrate is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does, so that the full binding energy is not realized until the transition state is reached. Nevertheless, we shall use the term strain to cover the general situation on enzyme-transition state complementary.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
DEF

Modèle de complémentarité structurale évoqué par E. Fischer qui implique une structure rigide de l'enzyme, s'adaptant rigoureusement à son substrat. Cependant, les variations d'entropie, relativement élevées, observées lors de la formation du complexe enzyme-substrat, ont conduit à admettre que ce processus est accompagné de changements de conformation des molécules.

CONT

Les enzymes montrent une grande spécificité à l'égard de leur substrat et souvent, elles n'accepteront pas de molécules apparentées dont la conformation est légèrement différente. Ceci peut s'expliquer en supposant que l'enzyme et le substrat ont une relation de clé à serrure. [...] L'enzyme possède un site actif complémentaire de la forme du substrat. Si la conformation du substrat est différente, il ne sera pas lié.

Spanish

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Record 21 2008-10-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Musculoskeletal System
OBS

This was precisely the idea behind the creation of the Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry(RHSCIR). Piloted in 2004 at Vancouver General Hospital and the GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre in Vancouver, and Foothills Hospital in Calgary, the RHSCIR is a comprehensive national database that tracks a broad range of outcomes for people with traumatic forms of spinal cord injury.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
OBS

Le Registre est un outil de recherche inestimable qui permet de retracer l'information relative à ce qui se passe après qu'une personne a subi un traumatisme médullaire. Les fonds collectés grâce à Rouler vers demain ont aidé à faire prendre de l'ampleur au Registre. En effet, il est passé d'un programme pilote réussi à une ressource d'envergure nationale qui viendra appuyer les essais cliniques, repérer de nouveaux domaines de recherche et aider à déterminer les traitements les plus efficaces pour les personnes affectées d'un traumatisme médullaire durant toute leur vie.

Spanish

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Record 22 2007-12-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Operations Research and Management
CONT

The business blueprint gives you a general idea of how your business processes could be mapped in one or more SAP systems. The business blueprint documents in detail the scope of business scenarios, business processes, process steps, and the requirements of an SAP solution implementation.

OBS

Terminology used for the SIGMA Financial Systems Transformation (FST) Project, Public Works and Government Services Canada.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Recherche et gestion opérationnelles
OBS

Terminologie employée dans le cadre du projet de transformation des systèmes financiers (TSF) SIGMA, Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.

Spanish

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Record 23 2006-12-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Provincial Administration
OBS

The mandate of the Ministère de la Famille, des Aînés et de la Condition féminine is to see to it that families live in an environment affording them services that meet their diverse needs, especially those associated with housing, health care, education, childcare, security and recreation. This guide gives readers a general idea of the main Québec and federal governments programs that have an impact on families and children.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Administration provinciale
OBS

Le ministère de la Famille, des Aînés et de la Condition féminine a comme mandat de veiller à ce que les familles aient un milieu de vie offrant des services qui répondent à la diversité de leurs besoins notamment en matière d'habitation, de santé, d'éducation, de garde d'enfants, de sécurité et de loisirs. Dans cette perspective, le présent guide donne un aperçu des principaux programmes des gouvernements québécois et fédéral ayant un impact sur les familles et les enfants.

Spanish

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Record 24 2006-10-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Names of Special Years, Weeks, Days
  • Urban Sites
  • Heritage
OBS

On 18 April 1982, on the occasion of a symposium organized by ICOMOS Tunisia and a corresponding meeting of the Bureau in Hammamet, it was suggested that a day be established to celebrate the diversity of heritage throughout the world. From this idea, the International Day for Monuments and Sites was born. This project was approved by the Executive Committee who also provided practical suggestions to the National Committees on how to organize this day. Last but no least, the idea was also approved by the UNESCO General Conference who passed a resolution as its 22nd session in November 1983 recommending that Member States examine the possibility of declaring 18 April each year "International Monuments and Sites Day".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations d'années, de semaines et de jours spéciaux
  • Sites (Urbanisme)
  • Patrimoine
OBS

Le 18 avril 1982, au cours d'un colloque organisé par le Comité tunisien de l'ICOMOS, qui coïncidait avec une réunion du Bureau à Hammamet, il fut discuté de la création d'une Journée pour célébrer la diversité du patrimoine à travers le monde. À partir de cette idée, la Journée internationale des monuments et des sites a vu le jour. Ce projet a été approuvé par le Comité Exécutif qui a fournit des recommandations pratiques aux Comités Nationaux sur l'organisation de cette journée. Enfin mais surtout, cette idée a été également approuvée par la Conférence Générale de l'UNESCO dans une résolution lors de sa 22e session en novembre 1983 recommandant que les États Membres examinent la possibilité de déclarer le 18 avril chaque année «Journée internationale des monuments et des sites.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Designaciones de años, semanas y días especiales
  • Emplazamientos urbanos
  • Patrimonio
OBS

El 18 de abril de 1982, durante la celebración de un coloquio organizado por el Comité ICOMOS Túnez, que coincidía con la reunión del Bureau en Hammamet, se decidió instaurar el Día Internacional de los Monumentos y Sitios, susceptible de celebrarse al mismo tiempo cada año en todo el mundo. Este proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité Ejecutivo, que realizó sugerencias a los Comités Nacionales sobre cómo celebrarlo. Finalmente, esta idea fue aprobada también por la Conferencia General de la UNESCO, que en su 22e Sesión en noviembre de 1983 adoptó una resolución recomendando a los paises miembros que estudiaran la posibilidad de declarar cada año el 18 de abril como el Dia Internacional de los Monumentos y Sitios.

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Record 25 2005-04-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Educational Institutions
CONT

To become an Associated School, schools commit to undertake substantive work related to one of four ASPnet priority themes: World concerns and the role of the United Nations system; Human rights, democracy and tolerance; Intercultural learning and Environmental concerns and sustainable development.

CONT

The formulation of specific principles for the participation of German schools in the ASP [Associated School Project] network, however, was useful to involve systematically all relevant governmental and other competent bodies. The principles stated a number of conditions, including minimum requirements for the renewal of the status of association with the organisation. Following the same idea, the selection process, among interested schools to be proposed to the Director General for official recognition, became more transparent, thus preserving the high prestige of UNESCO Associated School status.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Établissements d'enseignement
CONT

Le titre " école associée " est un intitulé générique qui désigne les établissements d'enseignement participant au Réseau [réseau français des écoles associées de l'UNESCO]. Il s'applique à l'ensemble des établissements publics et privés d'enseignement primaire et secondaire ainsi qu'aux instituts de formation des maîtres.

OBS

Pour pouvoir être admis dans le Réseau, [réseau français des écoles associées de l'UNESCO] les établissements doivent présenter un projet éducatif pluridisciplinaire, à visée internationale, et s'inscrivant dans au moins un des quatre thèmes prioritaires définis par l'UNESCO : 1) Problèmes mondiaux et rôle du système des Nations unies, 2) Droits de l'homme, démocratie et tolérance, 3) Apprentissage interculturel 4) Environnement et développement durable.

Spanish

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Record 26 2002-11-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Organization Planning
  • Urban Planning
CONT

It is foreseeable that establishing a Goleta area planning commission may trigger demands for other area planning commissions, particularly in Montecito and Orcutt. While Goleta is the largest urban area, Montecito has its own zoning ordinance and a history of strong citizen interest in fine-grained land use and design regulation. Orcutt is on its way to being a large urban area with its own unique needs. Commissioners were concerned both about the efficiency and the balkanization of planning with multiple commissions.

CONT

The general idea was that statewide working groups would develop the overarching values and chart the general directions, and implementation would be left to the regions. While this approach is appropriate for a large state, we noted our concern early on about the relationship between the statewide working groups and the regional collaboratives. We feared a balkanization of planning and in our February 1999 feedback letter on your 1998 State Plan suggested that all statewide working groups and regional collaboratives adopt the goals of an effective statewide system to assure consistency of principle and purpose.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification d'organisation
  • Aménagement urbain
CONT

[L'équilibre] est donc difficile à tenir entre une conception purement nationale nivelant les problèmes locaux et une conception trop déconcentrée aboutissant à une balkanisation de la planification.

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 2002-10-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Trade
  • Environmental Economics
  • Economic and Industrial Sociology
CONT

Ethical consumption, also known as socially responsible consumption, is a trend where consumers ask questions about the company that produced the goods -- choosing to patronize the companies which have "positive" profiles and avoiding those with "negative" profiles.

OBS

The very name of "ethical consumption" is still an open issue, and varies from ethical consumption to consumption in solidarity, responsible consumption, and fair consumption.... The idea of "ethical consumption" should initially be based on a definition of ethics. For those who understand the concept of Ethics as the definition of criteria to identify Good and Evil, it is important for the concept of Ethical Consumption to include another idea of consumption that is not based on individualism. The word that best defines this relationship with the rest of the world is "solidarity. "It qualifies it and defines the importance of others in the ethical values on which consumption is based. In this case we are talking about "ethical consumption in solidarity. "There is also a simplified version called "consumption in solidarity", which appears in the literature referring to consumption that not only considers our personal welfare but also considers general welfare. This is a consumption in which production is completed, generating an impact on the ecosystem and society in general. Under this idea, the choice of type of consumption can benefit or hinder the creation or maintenance of the productive jobs in a specific society, the preservation of ecosystems and the promotion of the general welfare of communities, countries and the entire planet. "Responsible consumption"(an expression used in Europe, particularly in France), appears where there is an awareness of the power of consumers, which become economic units with an important role to play, just as important as businesses and market regulatory boards. It implies an idea of economy that wishes to provide answers to citizens who belong to an economic and political world that considers man as a mere consumer. In this respect, consuming in a different way represents paying attention to what the money that we give to buy goods and services is financing, thus bringing economic pressure to bear from below that compensates

CONT

The CSI [Clark Sustainability Initiative] shall be approached as a process of continuous learning and innovation open to all members of the university community. The concepts and means of measuring "sustainability" and "socially and ecologically responsible consumption practices" shall be subject to regular reassessment and reconsideration in light of new experiences and understandings.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Commerce
  • Économie environnementale
  • Sociologie économique et industrielle
CONT

Le mode de consommation durable est fondé sur des modes de production et de consommation pouvant durer sans dégrader l'environnement humain ou naturel. C'est favoriser la consommation responsable, par le choix de produits sains, favorables à l'environnement et produits dans des conditions sociales respectueuses des droits de l'homme.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2002-09-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Rights and Freedoms
  • Criminology
OBS

ECOSOC Resolution 1989/59.

OBS

Pursuant to various resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, the Organization of African Unity, the Conference of Ministers of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa(UNECA), between 1980 and 1989 and the supportive decisions by the United Nations Congresses on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, the idea of founding the United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders(UNAFRI) was realized. The Statute for its establishment was adopted in April, 1989 by the Conference of Ministers of ECA. The establishment of UNAFRI with specified statutory objectives arose out of the recognized urgent need to start servicing, on a continuous basis the increasing crime prevention and control problem in the African region.

Key term(s)
  • African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders
  • African Regional Crime Prevention Insitute

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Droits et libertés
  • Criminologie
Key term(s)
  • Institut régional africain pour la prévention du crime
  • Institut africain pour la prévention du crime et le traitement des délinquants

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Organismos y comités internacionales
  • Derechos y Libertades
  • Criminología
Save record 28

Record 29 2002-07-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Telephones
  • Telephone Facilities
CONT

Each detector group should start working on a plan for how they wish shift people to respond to various type alarms on their system. The general idea is to have an expert on call, perhaps with a rotating cell phone.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Téléphones
  • Installations (Téléphonie)
CONT

Alors que nous sommes à l'aube du XXIe siècle, nous entendons souvent le député de Victoria-Haliburton parler de son téléphone cellulaire à cadran.

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2002-02-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Food Industries
  • Breadmaking
  • Industrial Tools and Equipment
CONT

There is no easy way to predict precisely the baking quality of a flour. A general idea of its potential may be obtained by measuring its protein content and by estimating the quality of the protein by some appropriate test, as for example, the sedimentation test. Certain rheological tests, such as the alveograph and extensigraph, give general indications of breadmaking quality but their results may be misleading.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Industrie de l'alimentation
  • Boulangerie
  • Outillage industriel
DEF

Instrument servant à mesurer les propriétés physiques (plastiques) des pâtes à pain.

OBS

L'instrument étire un cylindre de pâte d'environ 4 cm sur 15, maintenu à chaque extrémité, avec un crochet engageant le morceau de pâte par le milieu et mesure sa résistance à l'extension. Dans certains pays, l'instrument sert à mesurer la qualité de la farine de blé pour la panification.

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 2001-12-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Urban Studies
OBS

In parallel, Scandinavian planners had been adopting versions of what in Copenhagen was called the finger plan : they put new settlement like beads on a string along public transport routes, in the case of Copenhagen a light rail system, in Stockholm a new underground railway. The most celebrated case was Stockholm, where the famous 1952 General Plan of Sven Markelius and Göran Sidenbladh developed systematic pyramids of density around the stations, and also provided service and other jobs in district centres around these same stations, with the idea that as many as one third would find jobs in the places where they lived(Hall 1992a; Hall 1997).

OBS

[Lanchester] suggested nothing less than an ideal form for a major metropolis. His diagram shows radiating wedges of open space flanked by parallel corridors of developed land pierced through the center by rail lines. As these radial fingers of development become farther apart with distance from the commercial center and its central station, other wedges of open space are introduced.

Key term(s)
  • finger plan like
  • fingerplan like
  • radial finger like

French

Domaine(s)
  • Urbanisme
CONT

[...] l'urbanisation en «doigts de gants» [...] consiste à orienter les poussées urbaines depuis Paris en axes radioconcentriques appuyés sur des dessertes routières et ferroviaires et structurés par des équipements.

CONT

L'urbanisation de l'ensemble de la région urbaine de Copenhague s'est faite selon le plan connu «en doigts de gant» («Fingerplan»), développé il y a 50 ans, chacun des doigts correspondant à une ligne de RER [réseau express régional][...]

OBS

doigts de gants : Se dit d'une urbanisation qui se développe en axes radioconcentriques appuyés sur des voies de desserte existantes.

PHR

Urbanisation en doigts de gants.

PHR

Développement en doigts de gant.

PHR

Progression en doigts de gants.

PHR

Étirer en doigts de gant [une agglomération].

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 2001-02-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Financial and Budgetary Management
CONT

Sales-to-assets ratio provides an indication of the general efficiency of an organization, which gives an idea of how the assets are used. This ratio measures the ability of the firm to sell goods with one unit of assets. A high sales-to-assets ratio is generally preferable because it indicates a good ability of the firm to generate sales with a minimum of assets. However, since the indicator is a ratio, a high sales-to-assets ratio could be derived from a small amount of assets. In this case, the firm could be providing poor service to its customers or struggling from inefficient production. Similarly, a low ratio may indicate either lower than normal sales or higher than normal assets. Therefore, we should be cautious when interpreting the sales-to-assets ratio.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion budgétaire et financière
CONT

On remarque aussi une croissance des actifs plus rapide que celle des ventes ce qui entraîne le ratio ventes/actif total sur une tendance légèrement à la baisse, ce qui n'a pas de conséquences notables étant donné l'accélération du développement du Néovastat qui explique la nécessité d'une augmentation considérable des actifs financiers.

Key term(s)
  • ratio ventes-actif total
  • ratio ventes-actif

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 2000-07-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Philosophy (General)
DEF

The process or result of reifying.

CONT

The general idea here is to use a form of reification to help the student do her own blame assignment...

OBS

reify: to regard (as an abstraction, a mental construction) as a thing: convert mentally into something concrete or objective.

OBS

According to J. Piaget.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Philosophie (Généralités)
DEF

Transformation de concepts, de théories, d'hypothèses, etc., en objets concrets, en réalités.

OBS

La différence de sens avec le concept de réification n'est pas universellement admise et dépend des auteurs.

OBS

Réifier : chosifier. Transformer en chose. Donner un caractère de chose.

OBS

réification : Action par laquelle on transforme quelque chose de mouvant, de dynamique en être fixe, statique. (Selon les existentialistes, ce processus peut se confondre avec la chosification.)

Spanish

Save record 33

Record 34 1999-11-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Vocabulary
OBS

See "general idea".

OBS

Issue that is truly government-wide.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vocabulaire général

Spanish

Save record 34

Record 35 1999-08-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Committees and Boards (Admin.)
  • Management Theory
CONT

When used as a training technique, the committee and the "junior board" have come to be known as multiple management. These committees are composed of a group of middle-level managers(...) who meet regularly to consider any proposal affecting the firm's welfare. Decisions reached by these "idea men" are forwarded to the responsible general officer of the firm, who may adopt, reject, or table them, refer them back for further consideration, or send them to the board of directors. The advantages claimed for this type of training are that the perspective of the committee members is broadened and a sense of responsibility for the welfare of the firm is developed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comités et commissions (Admin.)
  • Théories de la gestion
DEF

Mode de direction des organisations selon laquelle la direction hiérarchique classique est complétée par un groupe de cadres consultatifs pour les aider à prendre leurs décisions.

Spanish

Save record 35

Record 36 1995-02-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • School Equipment
CONT

The idea of using a shell is common currency in commercial applications of AI known as Expert Systems. Many AI vendors sell general purpose shells which can then be supplied with rules specific to a domain and turned into fully functioning systems for legal, tax and other forms of advice giving.... The idea of using an Intelligent Tutoring shell has also found support for educational applications of AI. As described by Sleeman(1987), a shell is "a system which is datadriven, and so can cope with different domains;....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires
CONT

AMALIA est un générateur de tuteurs intelligents en cours de développement.

OBS

La publicité faite autour de nombreux outils générateurs de systèmes experts (appelés aussi «shell») a laissé croire que les experts eux-mêmes, sans formation préalable ou presque, étaient capables de développer leurs propres applications. [...] Si certains générateurs sont très faciles à utiliser, il n'en est pas moins vrai que le problème principal [...] reste complexe [...]

Spanish

Save record 36

Record 37 1994-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Graphics
  • Mathematics
CONT

The idea of the capacity of a set was originally developed for treating electrostatic problems.... and extended to more general laws of attraction in... potential theory. It turns out that the Hausdorff dimension and the capacity of a set are related, and it is sometimes more convenient to use the latter concept when studying dimensional properties.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Infographie
  • Mathématiques
DEF

Vitesse de croissance du nombre de boules-unités de rayon donné, ou de cubes de côté uniforme, nécessaire à recouvrir un ensemble borné, à mesure que ce rayon décroît.

OBS

La différence entre la dimension de Hausdorff et la densité logarithmique tient au fait que dans un cas on utilise des recouvrements par des boules égales, alors que dans l'autre, on autorise des recouvrements plus complexes. C. Tricot (1981) donne douze définitions possibles de la densité logarithmique.

Spanish

Save record 37

Record 38 1989-09-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The general idea here is to use a form of reification to help the student do her own blame assignment by means of an abstract replay(Collins and Brown, 1987) of the genesis of errors in learning or problem-solving contexts. This use of diagnosis as a didactic resource can produce dynamic responses that engage the student to probe the system's understanding of her behavior...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
OBS

récapitulation : répétition, reprise point par point.

Spanish

Save record 38

Record 39 1988-11-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Universal subgoaling is an especially interesting type of reflective behavior. Although the idea was originally introduced in the context of general problem solving, we can apply it to deduction, as shown here. Consider a reasoning procedure that is undefined for certain steps on certain databases because of difficulties in supplying a satisfactory definition. For example, the procedure may not dictate any further inferences, or there may be too many possibilities. Universal subgoaling is the process of dealing with these undefined cases by reflection.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 39

Record 40 1986-08-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Workplace Organization Research
  • Organization Planning
CONT

Program responsiveness. Is the total R & D program responsive to corporate objectives and policies?

CONT

Program responsiveness. The idea behind responsiveness as a program wide consideration is that policy-makers should influence the structure of an R & D program by setting general objectives and guidelines for resource allocation, not by adding yet another layer of detailed project evaluation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Recherche et développement (Org. du travail)
  • Planification d'organisation

Spanish

Save record 40

Record 41 1985-11-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Language Teaching
DEF

a technique for developing reading comprehension of a foreign language, requiring the student to write short résumés of assigned reading selections according to a definite plan for the general idea and reading for details.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Enseignement des langues
OBS

L'instructeur écoute attentivement l'analyse du stagiaire de sa propre évaluation, pose des questions, au besoin, et utilise la technique de l'écho et du court résumé.

Spanish

Save record 41

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