TERMIUM Plus®

From: Translation Bureau

On social media

Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [100 records]

Record 1 2026-01-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Life Cycle (Informatics)
  • IT Security
CONT

Reverse engineering is a technique [used for] understanding the structure of a semiconductor device and its functions. In case of an ASIC [application specific integrated circuit] or a custom IC [integrated circuit], that means extracting information about the location of all the transistors and interconnections. In order to succeed, a general knowledge of IC and VLSI [very large scale integration] design is required. All the layers formed during chip fabrication are removed one by one in reverse order and photographed to determine the internal structure of the chip.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cycle de vie (Informatique)
  • Sécurité des TI
DEF

Ensemble des opérations d'analyse d'un logiciel ou d'un matériel destinées à retrouver le processus de sa conception et de sa fabrication, ainsi que les modalités de son fonctionnement.

CONT

La rétro-ingénierie est utilisée depuis très longtemps dans tous les domaines des objets manufacturés. Ses objectifs sont de comprendre ce que le système fait, de comprendre comment le système fonctionne, de comprendre comment le système a été conçu, d'être capable de copier ou répliquer une partie ou l'ensemble du système, de modifier la fonctionnalité du système, d'avoir accès à une information secrète (typiquement des clés de chiffrements ou des identifiants), de valider ou vérifier un design [...]

OBS

rétro-ingénierie; ingénierie inverse : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 1er janvier 2013.

Key term(s)
  • rétro-conception

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Ciclo de vida (Informática)
  • Seguridad de IT
Save record 1

Record 2 2026-01-08

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

It is natural to think of an [Intelligent Educational System] as having more domain knowledge while the learner has better language ability and better general problem-solving skills.

CONT

One enterprising emphasis of the LOGO project was that it was oriented towards young children of about ten or eleven. These children were expected to be able to write computer programs at an early stage in their development of mathematical, logical and problem-solving skills: an expectation based on the LOGO premise that programming helps to develop these skills and not merely to exercise them.

CONT

The goal [of problem-solving environments] is to teach children problem-solving skills that can be applied to many other areas, such as math, science, and social studies, by teaching the child to program the computer.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2024-07-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Logic (Philosophy)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Once conceived as a single formal system, epistemic logic has become a general formal approach to the study of the structure of knowledge, its limits and possibilities, and its static and dynamic properties.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Logique (Philosophie)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Système logique permettant de raisonner sur la connaissance.

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2024-06-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Communication (Public Relations)
  • Social Problems
CONT

Awareness campaigns can address groups of people in a region affected by a particular climate threat, groups of stakeholders, businesses or the public in general. The ultimate aim of such campaigns is to achieve long-term lasting behavioural changes. Awareness raising increases the knowledge of individuals, business and industry managers, organisations and decision makers.... Awareness campaigns are considered more effective if several communication strategies are used, such as : dissemination of printed materials; organisation of public meetings and training; professional consultation; communication and information through social and mass-media, and use of informal networks for information dissemination.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Communications (Relations publiques)
  • Problèmes sociaux

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Comunicación (Relaciones públicas)
  • Problemas sociales
CONT

Una campaña de sensibilización eficaz es la que consigue hacer llegar un mensaje a una audiencia en particular, e influye en el comportamiento de dicha audiencia.

Save record 4

Record 5 2024-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The explanations relative to these various viewpoints may be defined via the expert knowledge. Experimental results from cognitive psychology... show that experts are capable of identifying quickly the category to which the problem to be solved belongs and then to choose the optimal solution by using compiled procedures. In case of unusual problems, experts may change from one representation level to another by using the most general concepts pertaining to the domain.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

[...] une connaissance banale est une connaissance au sujet de laquelle l'humain ne peut fournir d'explications capables d'aider les apprentis. Inversement, on peut définir la connaissance experte comme celle où une opération de rationalisation permet à celui qui est capable d'effectuer certaines actions, d'expliquer pourquoi il en est capable, et ces explications facilitent la tâche des débutants. [...] La pédagogie de la connaissance experte est fondamentalement différente de celle de la connaissance banale.

CONT

Le savoir de l'expert est un savoir «privé», une somme d'enseignements tirés de l'expérience. Cet ensemble structuré d'expériences vécues est dépendant de la biographie de l'expert, et lui appartient en propre.

CONT

Le savoir de l'expert n'est pas «déposé», il est fait de non-dit et de non-écrit; [...] Le savoir de l'expert étant construit dans la pratique, il n'est véritablement transmissible que dans le compagnonnage, sur le terrain [...]

CONT

[...] le Correcteur 101 est un système expert, c'est-à-dire un logiciel d'intelligence artificielle qui renferme les connaissances d'experts dans un domaine précis comme la grammaire française.

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2024-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The fact that an advisor is primarily a learning tool leads us to the analysis of the knowledge of the user rather than to the identification of the three types of knowledge usually collected for such systems :general skills, domain knowledge and user specific knowledge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
CONT

Méthodes de production d'outils d'apprentissage : enseignement programmé, didacticiels, audio-visuel interactif.

PHR

Outil d'apprentissage en ligne.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Educación permanente
Save record 6

Record 7 2023-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Names of Events
  • Contests (Recreation)
  • Education
  • Arts and Culture
OBS

Reach for the Top is a [trivia league] for senior highschool and CEGEP [general and vocational college] students. Teams of four compete against each other answering questions covering subjects related to highschool and CEGEP curricula and other general knowledge categories.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Noms de manifestations et d'activités diverses
  • Concours (Loisirs)
  • Pédagogie
  • Arts et Culture
OBS

Génies en herbe est une compétition pédagogique d'origine canadienne mettant en compétition deux équipes de quatre joueurs devant répondre, souvent le plus rapidement possible en appuyant sur un bouton-réponse, à diverses questions de culture générale.

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2022-01-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ports
  • Marketing
CONT

Knowledge of marine engineering, navigation, shipping, importing and exporting, and general waterfront activities to include port development and marketing.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ports
  • Commercialisation

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2021-04-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • National Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Human Diseases - Various
  • Blood
OBS

Thrombosis Canada... promotes excellent patient care and improved outcomes, for patients with thrombosis, through high-quality knowledge translation, educational resources and point-of-care guidance for diverse groups of healthcare professionals, as well as delivering education for patients and the general public.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités nationaux canadiens
  • Maladies humaines diverses
  • Sang

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2020-10-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Programs and Programming
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

In general, belief functions are used as a way to model uncertainty where imprecision, or lack of knowledge has to be modelled explicitly.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques
  • Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

[...] les fonctions de croyance sont de nos jours reconnues pour [ce qui est de] la modélisation d'informations incertaines.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Matemáticas
  • Programas y programación (Informática)
  • Inteligencia artificial
Save record 10

Record 11 2020-04-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Military (General)
CONT

The Court Martial Appeal Court noted that, in most cases, the trier of fact should be able to conclude whether the proven conduct is prejudicial to good order and discipline based on their experience and general service knowledge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Militaire (Généralités)
CONT

La Cour d'appel de la cour martiale a observé que, dans la plupart des cas, le juge des faits devrait pouvoir déterminer si un comportement démontré est préjudiciable au bon ordre et à la discipline, compte tenu de son expérience et de ses connaissances militaires générales.

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 2019-08-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mental health and hygiene
  • Industrial and Economic Psychology
CONT

It seems that while the general public has had a continuous increase in mental health knowledge over the past few decades, the current older adult generation developed their attitudes toward mental health care in a time before accurate mental health care education was widespread...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Hygiène et santé mentales
  • Psychologie industrielle et économique
CONT

Les connaissances en santé mentale confirment que les services psychosociaux représentent une partie importante des besoins des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux. Pourtant, les traitements médicamenteux sont encore souvent la seule option que sont en mesure de proposer les omnipraticiens aux personnes en détresse psychologique qui se présentent à leur clinique, faute d’accès pour un nombre important de personnes aux services de psychothérapie.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Higiene y salud mental
  • Psicología económica e industrial
Save record 12

Record 13 2019-07-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Psychometry and Psychotechnology
  • Social Problems
DEF

[A questionnaire that assesses] stigma-related mental health knowledge among the general public.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychométrie et psychotechnique
  • Problèmes sociaux
DEF

[Questionnaire qui évalue] les connaissances [en] santé mentale liées à la stigmatisation dans le grand public.

OBS

Le contenu de ce questionnaire n'est disponible qu'en anglais.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Psicometría y psicotécnica
  • Problemas sociales
Save record 13

Record 14 2019-04-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Behaviour
  • Sociology of Human Relations
CONT

Unlike general humility — which is defined by traits like sincerity, honesty, and unselfishness — intellectual humility has to do with understanding the limits of one's knowledge. It's a state of openness to new ideas, a willingness to be receptive to new sources of evidence … People with intellectual humility are both better learners and better able to engage in civil discourse.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comportement humain
  • Sociologie des relations humaines
CONT

Si l'humilité générale se définit par des traits associés à la sincérité, au désintéressement et à l'honnêteté, l'humilité intellectuelle est plutôt associée à la compréhension des limites de ses propres connaissances caractérisées par une ouverture aux nouvelles idées, et à un désir d'apprendre.

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2018-07-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Fire, Accidents, Miscellaneous Risks (Insur.)
  • Actuarial Practice
CONT

A casualty actuary is a professional skilled in the analysis, evaluation and management of the financial implications of future contingent events primarily with respect to general insurance, including property, casualty, and similar risk exposures. A casualty actuary has practical knowledge of how these various risks interact with each other and the environment in which these risks occur.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Incendies, accidents et risques divers (Assur.)
  • Actuariat

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2018-03-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cognitive Psychology
CONT

Tasks measuring fluid ability often involve more concentration and problem solving than crystallized tasks, which tend to measure retrieval and application of general knowledge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie cognitive
CONT

Les tests les mieux corrélés avec l'intelligence fluide sont ceux de raisonnement [...]

Spanish

Save record 16

Record 17 2017-11-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

The acquisition of knowledge about the underlying structure of a complex stimulus environment by a process which takes place naturally, simply and without conscious operations.

CONT

Implicit learning is slow and accumulates through repetition over many trials... Implicit learning is expressed primarily by improved performance on certain tasks without the subject being able to describe just what has been learned, and it involves memory systems that do not draw on the contents of the general knowledge of the individual.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie cognitive
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

L'apprentissage implicite est lent et résulte de la répétition de nombreux essais [...] Il améliore la réalisation de tâches répétées, sans que le sujet soit généralement capable de décrire précisément ce qu'il a appris, et met en œuvre des systèmes de mémoire qui n'utilisent pas les connaissances de l'individu.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Psicología cognitiva
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
CONT

El autor analiza los diferentes tipos de aprendizaje inconsciente, en cuyo caso las personas no sólo ignoran qué han aprendido, sino que muchas veces ni siquiera saben que han aprendido.

Save record 17

Record 18 2017-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • National Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Pleasure Boating and Yachting
OBS

Canadian Power and Sail Squadrons is a non-profit organization that has been connecting boaters for over 75 years and continues to play a major role in Canadian boating culture. [They] are a nationwide organization of recreational boating enthusiasts with over 20,000 active members. [The] instructors help recreational boaters improve their boating safety knowledge as well as their vessel handling and navigation skills.

OBS

Mission Statement. To increase awareness and knowledge of safe boating by educating and training members and the general public, by fostering fellowship among members, and by establishing partnerships and alliances with organizations and agencies interested in boating.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités nationaux canadiens
  • Yachting et navigation de plaisance
OBS

[...] les CPS-ECP jouent un rôle majeur dans la culture nautique au Canada. Elles jouissent d'une excellente réputation pour la qualité de leurs cours et leur engagement envers la sécurité nautique. Elles permettent à leurs 20 000 membres, regroupés en plus de 150 escadrilles, d'accéder à de nombreuses ressources et de faire partie d'un très grand réseau de plaisanciers. La compétence reconnue de leurs instructeurs les désigne comme leaders en matière de formation et de navigation nautique au pays.

OBS

Énoncé de mission. Sensibiliser et instruire les membres ainsi que le public en général en matière de sécurité nautique par l'éducation et la formation, par la promotion de liens amicaux entre les membres, et par la création d'alliances et partenariats avec des organisations ou organisms qui s'intéressent à la navigation de plaisance.

Spanish

Save record 18

Record 19 2017-08-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Silviculture
OBS

The Association of Registered Professional Foresters of NB's goals are to : assure the general public of the proficiency, competency and integrity of the registered professional foresters in the province of New Brunswick through the practice of their profession;... encourage a wider understanding of forestry issues;... improve the practice of professional forestry in the province; and promote and increase the interests, knowledge, skill, and proficiency of its members in all matters relating to forestry; to promote the best standards of forestry practice; and to maintain a high esprit de corps in the profession.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Sylviculture
OBS

Les buts de l'Association des forestiers agréés du Nouveau-Brunswick sont : d'assurer le grand public de l'habileté, de la compétence et de l'intégrité des forestiers agréés du Nouveau-Brunswick dans l'exercice de leur profession; d'encourager une plus grande compréhension des questions touchant la foresterie; d'améliorer l'exercice de la foresterie dans la province, et [...] de promouvoir et d'améliorer les intérêts, les connaissances, les aptitudes et l'habileté de ses membres en tout ce qui concerne l'exercice de la foresterie; de promouvoir les normes exemplaires d'exercice de la foresterie et de maintenir un bon esprit de corps dans la profession.

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 2017-08-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Various Military Titles
  • Educational Institutions
  • Military Training
OBS

RMC... was founded in 1874 when the Dominion Government, led by Alexander Mackenzie, passed an act in Parliament to establish a military college for the purpose of providing a complete education in all branches of military tactics, fortification, engineering, and general scientific knowledge in subjects connected with and necessary to thorough knowledge of the military profession.

OBS

Royal Military College of Canada; RMC: designations to be used by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.

Key term(s)
  • Military College of Canada

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appellations militaires diverses
  • Établissements d'enseignement
  • Instruction du personnel militaire
OBS

Le CMR a [...] été fondé en 1874 quand le gouvernement du Dominion du Canada, dirigé par Alexander Mackenzie, a promulgué une loi au Parlement afin d’établir un collège militaire dans le dessein de donner une instruction complète dans toutes les branches de la tactique militaire, des fortifications et du génie et de dispenser les connaissances scientifiques générales dans les disciplines qui sont directement reliées à la profession militaire.

OBS

Collège militaire royal du Canada; CMR : désignations d'usage obligatoire au ministère de la Défense nationale et dans les Forces canadiennes.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Denominaciones militares varias
  • Establecimientos de enseñanza
  • Instrucción del personal militar
Save record 20

Record 21 2017-01-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Economic Conditions and Forecasting
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
DEF

The management of sensitive information, regarded as a valuable tool in supporting decisions.

CONT

The French Commissariat Général du Plan(1994) defines economic intelligence as encompassing all the co-ordinated measures of information collection, processing, distribution and protection which are of value to economic players and that are achievable by legal means. Its ultimate objective is to provide decision-makers in enterprises or government with the knowledge to understand their environment and adjust their individual or collective strategies accordingly.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévisions et conjonctures économiques
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
DEF

L'intelligence économique est l'ensemble des actions coordonnées de recherche, de traitement, de distribution et de protection de l'information obtenue légalement et utile aux acteurs économiques en vue de la mise en œuvre de leurs stratégies individuelles et collectives.

CONT

L'IE [intelligence économique] consiste à : fournir la bonne information, au bon moment, à la bonne personne pour lui permettre de prendre la bonne décision, de bien agir et idéalement de faire évaluer son environnement dans un sens propice.

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 2016-07-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Chemistry
OBS

... the practice of chemistry is regulated by the Province of Alberta through the Association of the Chemical Profession of Alberta (ACPA). Only chemists who are registered members of the ACPA may use the title P.Chem. (Professional Chemist) or C.I.T. (Chemist in Training) as appropriate. These titles provide immediate assurance to government, industry and the public that specific levels of education and experience have been met.

OBS

The objectives of the ACPA. 1. To ensure that [the] members meet the high standards of professional competence and ethics needed for the protection of industry and the public. 2. To increase the knowledge, skills and proficiency of [the] members in all things relating to chemistry. 3. To foster greater general interest in chemistry and a better understanding of the chemical profession by industry and the public at large. 4. To provide a recognized voice for professional chemists in Alberta.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Chimie

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 2016-07-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Environment
OBS

The ASFP seeks both to promote the profession of forestry and its members and to satisfy the public demand for competent and ethical management of the province’s forests. The association is home to Saskatchewan’s forestry practitioners who wish to demonstrate their dedication and ongoing commitment to the profession.

OBS

The objectives of the association are : To establish and maintain high standards of professional ethics and excellence for members in the professional practice of forestry; to assure the general public of the knowledge, skill, proficiency, and competency of members in the professional practice of forestry; to promote and improve the knowledge, skill, proficiency, and competency of members in all matters relating to the professional practice of forestry; [and] to foster the professional practice of forestry by members in a manner that is in the public interest of the people of Saskatchewan.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Environnement

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 2016-03-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

A branch or division of knowledge or instruction, e. g. a general subject area such as psychology, philosophy or geology.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Branche du savoir pouvant faire l'objet d'un enseignement.

OBS

Le français, l'histoire, la géographie, la physique sont des disciplines. La tranche de chaque discipline que l'élève inscrit à son programme d'une année est une matière.

OBS

L'expression «discipline d'enseignement» est redondante dans ce cas.

OBS

discipline : Terme et définition normalisés par l'OLF.

Key term(s)
  • discipline universitaire

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 2016-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

... What you want your students to know or be able to do at the end of the lesson.

CONT

Learning objectives.... For training in a specific job, [the process of deriving objectives(determining what the objectives should be) ] has several stages. [In the final stage, ] a hierarchy of objectives is organized. This organization includes terminal objectives, representing tasks as meaningful units of behavior; general objectives, describing several terminal objectives or other general objectives; and enabling objectives, representing the knowledge and skills which must be learned in order to master the terminal objectives(Ammerman & Melching 1966).

CONT

Many instructional designers ... recommend a more complete elaboration of very specific objectives for both the end of a lesson (terminal objectives) and intermediate points during the lesson (intermediate or enabling objectives).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Objectif qui exprime les changements utiles qui doivent survenir chez le sujet et dont la présence est appréciable après une démarche d'apprentissage.

CONT

L'objectif spécifique peut [...] être ramené à un objectif terminal, il est alors énoncé en terme de but final : «à la fin de cette partie de la session, le participant doit avoir appris à rédiger un procès-verbal selon le modèle du cahier».

Spanish

Save record 25

Record 26 2015-04-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Transport
  • Training of Personnel
DEF

That portion of current professional knowledge and the required training that will enable civil aviation inspectors(CAIs) to maintain the specialized knowledge of civil, commercial, corporate and general aviation operations necessary to meet their job requirements and to maintain the applicable professional qualifications...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Transport aérien
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
DEF

Partie des connaissances professionnelles à jour et formation nécessaire pour permettre aux inspecteurs de l'aviation civile (CAI) de conserver les connaissances spécialisées des opérations aériennes civiles, commerciales, d’affaires et générales nécessaires pour répondre aux exigences de leurs fonctions et pour conserver les qualifications professionnelles applicables [...]

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 2015-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Courses
  • Training of Personnel
Universal entry(ies)
M707
classification system code, see observation
OBS

This course supplements participants’ general knowledge of procurement with an understanding of the specific complexities of contracting for services. Participants will learn about the acts, regulations, policies and agreements that affect contracting for services.

OBS

M707: a Canada School of Public Service course code.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de cours
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
Entrée(s) universelle(s)
M707
classification system code, see observation
OBS

Ce cours vise à enrichir les connaissances générales des participants sur l'approvisionnement et à leur permettre de mieux comprendre les facteurs de complexité propres à la passation de marchés de services. Les participants en apprendront davantage sur les lois, les règlements, les politiques et les accords qui ont des répercussions sur la passation de marchés de services.

OBS

M707 : code de cours de l'École de la fonction publique du Canada.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 2014-11-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Patents (Law)
CONT

In order to establish that such a result has been produced, it is necessary for the person skilled in the art to be aware of the point of reference(the result to be expected from combining the individual components), either by virtue of their common general knowledge or in view of the description.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Brevets d'invention (Droit)
CONT

Pour établir qu’un tel effet a été produit, il faut que la personne versée dans l’art connaisse le point de référence (le résultat attendu de la combinaison des éléments individuels), soit en raison de ses connaissances générales courantes, soit en raison de la description.

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 2014-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Soil Science
OBS

Knowledge of general principles of soil classification and data analysis associated with classes in introductory soil science or geography.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Science du sol
CONT

Un cours d’introduction à la science du sol peut être destiné à donner aux étudiants une connaissance des types de sols et la capacité de les reconnaître sur le terrain [...]

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 2014-09-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Patents (Law)
CONT

The test for obviousness is essentially whether or not an unimaginative skilled technician would, in the light of the state of the art and common general knowledge at the claim date, be led directly and without difficulty to the invention covered by the claim i. e. subject matter defined by the claim.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Brevets d'invention (Droit)
CONT

Le test de l'évidence consiste principalement à déterminer si un technicien peu imaginatif ayant des connaissances générales ordinaires pourrait, en consultant l'état de la technique, aboutir directement et sans difficulté à l'invention couverte par la revendication, c.-à-d. la matière définie par celle-ci.

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 2014-08-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Patents (Law)
CONT

The requirement for proper disclosure means that the person skilled in the art has to, through the specification interpreted in view of their common general knowledge, be provided with sufficient information to understand the basis of the sound prediction and to practice the entire scope of the claimed invention.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Brevets d'invention (Droit)
CONT

Pour qu'une demande satisfasse aux exigences relatives à la divulgation suffisante, une personne versée dans l'art doit trouver suffisamment de renseignements dans le mémoire descriptif, que l'on doit interpréter en tenant compte des connaissances générales courantes de cette personne, pour comprendre le fondement de la prédiction valable et pour permettre la réalisation de l'invention pour l'ensemble des revendications.

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 2014-07-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Program Titles (Armed Forces)
  • Medical and Dental Services (Military)
OBS

The MCRP is a mandatory Canadian Forces Health Services(CF H Svcs) program mandated by the Surgeon General... Its mandate is to ensure that CAF [Canadian Armed Forces] clinical practitioners maintain the knowledge and skills acquired during formal [training] so that they are ready to perform clinically...

Key term(s)
  • Maintenance of Clinical Readiness Programme

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes (Forces armées)
  • Service de santé et service dentaire (Militaire)
OBS

Le PMPC est un programme obligatoire des Svc S FC [Services de santé des Forces canadiennes] mandaté [...] par le Médecin [général.] Son mandat est de s'assurer que les [cliniciens] des FAC [Forces armées canadiennes] maintiennent leurs connaissances et les habiletés acquises lors de la formation [officielle], de sorte qu'ils demeurent prêts [à exercer leur profession].

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 2014-05-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal Documents
  • Labour Law
CONT

Thus, absent an enforceable covenant not to compete, a former employee may utilize in competition with the former employer the general skills, knowledge, training, and experience acquired during the employment, but the employee remains obligated to refrain from using or disclosing the employer's trade secrets.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Documents juridiques
  • Droit du travail

Spanish

Save record 33

Record 34 2014-05-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Official Documents
  • Customs and Excise
  • Foreign Trade
CONT

This task [of providing general information on passports] requires considerable knowledge about Passport Order, passport legislation, the Privacy Act, passport service offices in the regions and Headquarters... in order to provide information to the applicant or direct the applicant to the appropriate office(s).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Documents officiels
  • Douanes et accise
  • Commerce extérieur

Spanish

Save record 34

Record 35 - external organization data 2014-01-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Compartment - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
OBS

Provides labour support involving the dexterous use of hands, hand tools and specialized procedures and techniques in the fabrication, installation, operation or maintenance of equipment, vehicles or facilities. Under general instruction, selects procedures to carry out specific activities involving the operation of vehicles and specialized equipment. Requires some knowledge of the infrastructure and operation.

OBS

District Maintenance Assistant: occupation name approved by the Terminology Committee of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada on September 14, 2011.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Tiroir - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
OBS

Apport d'un soutien au personnel, ce qui exige une utilisation habile d'outils à main, ainsi que de techniques et de procédures spécialisées, pour la fabrication, l'installation, le fonctionnement ou l'entretien de pièces d'équipement, de véhicules ou d'installations. À partir de directives générales, sélection de procédures pour accomplir des activités particulières nécessitant l'utilisation de véhicules et d'équipement spécialisé. Connaissance de l'infrastructure et des opérations.

OBS

adjoint à l’entretien pour le district; adjointe à l’entretien pour le district : désignations d'emploi approuvées par le Comité de terminologie d'Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada le 14 septembre 2011.

Spanish

Save record 35

Record 36 2013-09-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Rules of Court
  • Courts
  • Commercial and Other Bodies (Law)
CONT

Prior to the 2002 amendments to the Criminal Code, courts had held : a) a private citizen may institute and conduct a prosecution under federal legislation without the knowledge or participation of the Attorney General of Canada.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Règles de procédure
  • Tribunaux
  • Organismes commerciaux ou non (Droit)
CONT

Avant les modifications apportées au Code criminel en 2002, les tribunaux avaient statué que : a) un citoyen privé pouvait intenter et mener une poursuite en vertu d'une loi fédérale, sans que le procureur général du Canada ne le sache ou n'y participe.

Spanish

Save record 36

Record 37 2013-08-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Evidence
OBS

The doctrine of "judicial notice" enables the court to accept the truth of a matter relevant to the resolution of the dispute before it without the necessity of formal proof by a party. The notice taken may be of a matter of fact or law. In general, courts will take judicial notice of any matter that is so notorious as to be common knowledge or that is clearly established or capable of demonstration by references to a readily obtainable source of indisputable accuracy.

OBS

judicial notice: title of sections 17 and 18 respectively of the Canada Evidence Act, R.S.C., 1970 and 1985.

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la preuve
OBS

connaissance d'office : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 37

Record 38 2012-10-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Security
CONT

For many years, financial constraints have played a large role in the general shortage of security resources... [However, ] in many cases, it has also been the lack of security knowledge concerning the need... [Therefore] properly trained staff and/or security consultants were not engaged when required.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sécurité

Spanish

Save record 38

Record 39 2012-06-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Private-Sector Bodies and Committees
  • Concrete Construction
OBS

The Canadian Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute is the prime source of technical information about precast/prestressed concrete in Canada.... The purposes of this corporation are to stimulate and advance the common interests and general welfare of the structural precast/prestressed concrete industry, the architectural precast concrete industry, and the specialty precast concrete industry; to develop, fund and implement a comprehensive, ongoing marketing program to increase the demand for and use of architectural, specialty and structural precast/prestressed concrete produced in Canada; to collect and disseminate knowledge, statistics, ideas and information relating to design, manufacture and use of precast concrete and prestressed concrete; to advance precast concrete and prestressed concrete acceptance and use, through investigations and research relative to new applications of precast concrete and prestressed concrete and engineering processes for improvement of the design, manufacture, and use of precast concrete and prestressed concrete; to establish industry-wide standards of design and production of precast concrete and prestressed concrete, to improve quality and design of product; to perform all lawful and desirable activities within Canada and elsewhere, to promote the efficient, constructive, and beneficial operation of the structural, architectural and specialty precast concrete industry.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités du secteur privé
  • Bétonnage
OBS

Appellations confirmées par l'organisme.

Spanish

Save record 39

Record 40 2012-06-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Communication and Information Management
  • General Vocabulary
DEF

General knowledge communicated or received concerning a fact, person or circumstance.

OBS

Information applies to facts told, read or communicated that may be unorganized and even unrelated.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Gestion des communications et de l'information
  • Vocabulaire général
DEF

Indication, éclaircissement donnés sur quelqu'un, quelque chose.

CONT

Renseignements fournis au public. Entrez! un renseignement ne coûte rien. Pour tout renseignement, pour plus amples renseignements, adressez-vous à [...]

OBS

Le français distingue les termes «information(s)» et «renseignement(s)». Les informations ont rapport à des faits précis et les renseignements concernent des faits généraux.

PHR

Communiquer, donner, fournir un, des renseignements.

Key term(s)
  • renseignement
  • information

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Gestión de las comunicaciones y la información
  • Vocabulario general
Save record 40

Record 41 2011-10-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Criminology
  • Police
DEF

Constructing an outline or "profile" of a person’s or an offender’s individual characteristics.

CONT

The BSU [i. e. the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit] has pioneered a system of criminal investigation known as Profiling, [which draws] on a combination of field experience and psychiatric knowledge to develop a loose but directed description of a possible killer. Each serial killer has an idiosyncratic pattern, a systematic way of going about the selection, pursuit, killing and disposal of his victims. Each of his victims will show characteristic damage, or be placed in a ritual manner, or taken from a social group, such as prostitutes or nurses or hitchhikers, having special significance to the killer. No two are exactly alike, but serial killers in general conform to a limited number of types.

OBS

It can take the details of an individual case and tell you whether it fits, in a general way, into the pattern of similar crimes.

OBS

DNA profiling, psychological profiling, etc.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Criminologie
  • Police
DEF

Esquisse psychologique, etc. d'un individu.

Spanish

Save record 41

Record 42 2011-10-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Operating Systems (Software)
DEF

That part of a knowledge-based system or expert system that contains either specific or general problem-solving knowledge.

OBS

The inference engine processes the domain knowledge (located in the knowledge base) to solve problems, reach solutions, or lead to further steps.

OBS

inference engine: term standardized by CSA International in 1992 and ISO/IEC in 1995.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Systèmes d'exploitation (Logiciels)
DEF

Composante d'un système IA, qui puise dans les unités de savoir-faire (règles) d'une base de connaissance, les interprète et les enchaîne selon des stratégies de contrôle variées jusqu'à satisfaire des conditions d'arrêt significatives (réussites ou échec).

OBS

moteur d'inférence : terme normalisé par l'ISO/CEI en 1995 et la CSA International en 1992.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Sistemas operativos (Soporte lógico)
DEF

En la inteligencia artificial son las partes integrantes de un sistema experto; por ejemplo, un grupo de procesadores conectados y de la programática relacionada con los mismos que aplican los principios del razonamiento para obtener conclusiones basándose en la información almacenada en una base de conocimientos.

Save record 42

Record 43 2011-08-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Evidence
CONT

... Adjudicators may use their personal knowledge, training they have received, or general educational materials, as a basis for questioning witnesses, or testing the evidence, but may not rely on them as an independent basis for their conclusions of fact or their assessment of the actual impact of abuse on an individual.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit de la preuve
CONT

[...] Les adjudicateurs peuvent recourir à leur connaissance personnelle, à la formation qu'ils ont reçue ou à du matériel éducatif d'ordre général comme base pour interroger les témoins ou vérifier la preuve, mais ne peuvent s'en servir comme source indépendante pour leurs conclusions de fait ou leur évaluation de l'impact réel des abus sur une personne.

Spanish

Save record 43

Record 44 2011-03-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cognitive Psychology
DEF

[The memory] of general knowledge about the meanings of concepts, words and objects.

CONT

People with dementia may be unable to recall past events, but in most cases they are still able to reproduce meaningful relationships, because what is called "semantic memory" remains relatively intact. That memory is what enables people to assign meaning to what they experience in the present, unrelated to their personal history. ... semantic memory makes it possible for a person with dementia to interact in meaningful ways in the present, enabling them to recognize and reproduce cultural patterns.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie cognitive
DEF

Mémoire qui englobe [...] l'information générale ou singulière pour les faits et les connaissances.

CONT

La mémoire sémantique permet d'accumuler tout au long de notre vie des connaissances générales sur le monde (historiques, géographiques, artistiques et scientifiques), que nous partageons en fait avec un grand nombre d'individus et plus particulièrement avec ceux de notre culture [...]

Spanish

Save record 44

Record 45 2010-11-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Communication and Information Management
DEF

A concept for a Web site that serves as a single gateway to a company's information and knowledge base for employees and possibly for customers, business partners, and the general public as well.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Gestion des communications et de l'information
CONT

Les portails d'information d'entreprise intègrent l'accès aux renseignements et aux applications à partir des systèmes informatiques de l'entreprise et les présentent à l'utilisateur (employés, partenaires ou fournisseurs) dans une interface de navigateur Web.

Spanish

Save record 45

Record 46 2010-05-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • National Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Archaeology
OBS

The Canadian Archaeological Association(CAA) was founded in 1968. The objectives of the CAA are as follows : To promote the increase and the dissemination of archaeological knowledge in Canada; To promote active discourse and cooperation among archaeological societies and agencies and encourage archaeological research and conservation efforts; To foster cooperative endeavours with aboriginal groups and agencies concerned with First Peoples’ heritage of Canada; To serve as the national association capable of promoting activities advantageous to archaeology and discouraging activities detrimental to archaeology; To publish archaeological literature, and; To stimulate the interest of the general public in archaeology.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités nationaux canadiens
  • Archéologie
OBS

L'Association canadienne d'archéologie (ACA) a été fondée en 1968. Les objectifs de l'ACA sont les suivants : promouvoir l'accroissement et la propagation de connaissances archéologiques au Canada, promouvoir une coopération et des échanges actifs entre les sociétés et les organismes archéologiques, et favoriser le travail de recherche et de conservation; stimuler les efforts de coopération avec les groupes autochtones et les organismes concernés par le patrimoine canadien des Premières nations; servir d'association nationale pouvant promouvoir les activités avantageuses pour l'archéologie et décourager les activités nuisables à l'archéologie; publier de la documentation archéologique; stimuler l'intérêt du grand public pour l'archéologie.

Spanish

Save record 46

Record 47 2009-09-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

... knowledge of the risk bars recovery only when the giving of notice would have discharged the occupier's duty.... This approach in effect seeks to realign the responsibility of invitors with the general law of negligence by demanding from them no more and no less than from anyone else responsible for safeguarding others against recognizable risks.

CONT

The gravity, frequency and imminence of the recognizable risk are among the most important factors for consideration .... There must be a recognizable risk of injury sufficient to cause a reasonable man to pause.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)

Spanish

Save record 47

Record 48 2009-07-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Government Positions
  • Management Operations (General)
OBS

director general/DG, Strategic Policy and Knowledge Management : Natural Resources Canada.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Postes gouvernementaux
  • Opérations de la gestion (Généralités)
OBS

directeur général/directrice générale/DG, Politiques stratégiques et gestion des connaissances : traductions proposées.

Spanish

Save record 48

Record 49 2008-03-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Medical and Hospital Organization
OBS

IUCH is an international non-governmental organization, with members, adhering bodies and affiliates throughout the circumpolar regions. There has been a long-standing need for the exchange of medical knowledge, as well as the results of recent research and demonstrated solutions to problems for the benefit of humankind. Arctic communities, with the general and specific medical and health problems found in this region, obviously share this need with the rest of the world. The health problems and needs of northern peoples has become the focus of the only organization of its kind dedicated to the health problems of the circumpolar regions — the International Union for Circumpolar Health.

Key term(s)
  • Circumpolar Health International Union

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Organisation médico-hospitalière

Spanish

Save record 49

Record 50 2008-02-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • National History
OBS

Statement of Purpose : To advance the general interest of the monument industry; To advance knowledge of, and promote public interest in, the monument industry; To serve as interpreter of the monument industry to the consumer and to develop favourable relations with all levels of government and all other organizations of a similar nature to OMBA; To create and maintain a high standard of business ethics.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Histoires nationales

Spanish

Save record 50

Record 51 2008-02-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • National Bodies and Committees (Non-Canadian)
  • Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
OBS

The African Petroleum Producers’ Association(APPA) is an intergovernmental organisation created in 1987 in Lagos, Nigeria, to serve as a platform for African petroleum producing countries to cooperate, collaborate, share knowledge and competences. It aims to promote common policy initiatives and projects in all facets of the petroleum industry with a view to maximising the development and welfare benefits accruable from petroleum exploitation activities in the Member Countries in particular and in Africa in general.

OBS

Also referred to as: African Oil Producers, Association of African Oil-Producing Countries.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités nationaux non canadiens
  • Pétroles bruts et dérivés
OBS

L'Association des Producteurs de Pétrole Africains (APPA) est une organisation intergouvernementale créée en 1987 à Lagos, Nigeria, pour servir de plateforme de coopération, de collaboration, de partage des connaissances et de compétences entre les pays africains producteurs de pétrole. Elle vise a promouvoir les initiatives communes (et les projets) en matière de politiques et de stratégies de gestion dans tous les domaines de l'industrie pétrolière, en vue de permettre aux Pays Membres, de tirer meilleurs profits des activités d'exploitation de cette ressource non renouvelable.

OBS

Aussi connu sous : Ligue des producteurs africains de pétrole.

Spanish

Save record 51

Record 52 2008-01-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Medical Staff
OBS

Also referred to by shortened title : World Organization of Family Doctors. The discussion at any meetings of Council shall be conducted in English. The mission of WONCA is to improve the quality of life of the peoples of the world through defining and promoting its values, and by fostering and maintaining high standards of care in general practice/family medicine by promoting personal, comprehensive and continuing care for the individual in the context of the family and the community, encouraging and supporting the development of academic organizations of general practitioners/family physicians, providing a forum for exchange of knowledge and information between member organizations of general practitioners/family physicians, and representing the educational, research and service provision activities of general practitioners/family physicians before other world organizations and forums concerned with health and medical care.

Key term(s)
  • World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of Family Physicians
  • World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Personnel médical
Key term(s)
  • Organisation mondiale des collèges nationaux, académies et associations académiques des généralistes et des médecins de famille

Spanish

Save record 52

Record 53 2007-11-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Environmental Management
OBS

Recognising that the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife resources can only be achieved through management based on knowledge and insight, the purpose of the NKV is to support wildlife research within the Nordic region, with particular emphasis on the continuous improvement of research quality and quantity, the implementation of scientific results into management, and the bringing of scientific results to knowledge both within the scientific and general communities.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Gestion environnementale

Spanish

Save record 53

Record 54 2007-11-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of International Programs
  • Environment
OBS

UNITAR's Environmental Law Programme was established with the main objective of strengthening national legal and institutional capabilities to implement environmental law obligations. Through its score training activities the Environmental Law Programme contributes to making the complex range of international environmental agreements comprehensible to the stakeholders involved with their implementation at the national level. The overall goal of the Environmental Law Programme is to raise awareness and to improve general knowledge in international environmental law, strengthening the capacities for the adequate implementation of multilateral environmental agreements.

Key term(s)
  • Environmental Law Program

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes internationaux
  • Environnement
OBS

Le Programme en droit de l'environnement de l'UNITAR a été lancé en 1997 afin de promouvoir le renforcement des composantes juridiques et institutionnelles et d'assurer une meilleure gestion de l'environnement pour le développement durable. Bien que le programme concerne tous les États Membres des Nations Unies, il a été spécialement conçu pour répondre aux besoins des pays en développement et des pays aux économies en transition.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos de programas internacionales
  • Medio ambiente
Save record 54

Record 55 2007-09-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Commercial Establishments
OBS

Industry Canada, 2007, 7th Edition. "The purpose of this guide is to give the reader a general overview of federal corporate law under the Canada Business Corporations Act(CBCA). It provides the basic knowledge and tools that business owners and operators need to incorporate and operate a corporation under the federal corporate law. You can access the guide by selecting from its table of contents below".

Key term(s)
  • Federal Incorporation Guide

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Établissements commerciaux
OBS

Industrie Canada, 2007. 7e édition. «Ce guide a pour objet de donner au lecteur un aperçu général de la constitution en société de régime fédéral en vertu de la Loi canadienne sur les sociétés par actions (LCSA). Il apporte les connaissances et les outils de base nécessaires aux propriétaires et aux exploitants d'entreprises qui souhaitent constituer leur petite ou moyenne entreprise en société fermée en vertu du régime fédéral. Vous pouvez avoir accès aux diverses sections du Guide à partir de la table des matières ci-dessous».

OBS

«Guide des PME pour la constitution en société par actions de régime fédéral» apparaissait sur la page titre de l'ancienne édition et le titre apparaissant sur la page couverture de cette même édition était Guide de la petite entreprise pour la constitution en société du régime fédéral.

Spanish

Save record 55

Record 56 2006-12-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Federal Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Environment
OBS

The Centre d’expertise hydrique du Québec(CEHQ) is an agency of the Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs created in April 2001. The CEHQ is continuously evolving, to stay at the leading edge of knowledge in the fields of dams, water regime and public water resources. The mission of the Centre d’expertise hydrique du Québec is to manage the provincial water regime with a concern for safety, equity and sustainable development. To this end, it ensures the regulation of the water regime through the operation of public dams, land management and the integrity of the State's water resources, and also ensures the safety of dams. The CEHQ also provides support to municipalities in defining flood-risk areas and the effective control of floods. In a more general way, it acquires the knowledge in hydraulics and hydrology required by the Ministry to ensure proper water management.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Environnement
OBS

Le Centre d'expertise hydrique du Québec (CEHQ) est une agence du ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs. Créé en avril 2001, il est en constante évolution ce qui lui permet d'être à la fine pointe des connaissances et du savoir-faire dans les domaines des barrages, du régime hydrique et du domaine hydrique de l'État. La mission du Centre d'expertise hydrique du Québec est de gérer le régime hydrique du Québec avec une préoccupation de sécurité, d'équité et de développement durable. À cette fin, il assure la régularisation du régime des eaux par l'exploitation des barrages publics, la gestion foncière et l'intégrité du domaine hydrique de l'État et il veille à la sécurité des barrages. Le Centre fournit également un soutien aux municipalités dans la détermination des zones inondables et des moyens de lutte contre les inondations. De manière plus générale, il acquiert les connaissances hydrologiques et hydrauliques nécessaires au Ministère pour assurer la gestion de l'eau.

Spanish

Save record 56

Record 57 2006-11-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Names of Special Years, Weeks, Days
  • Sports (General)
OBS

International Year of Sport and Physical Education 2005, proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly aims to raise awareness among the general public and encourage communities, organizations and individuals to share their knowledge about the value of sport.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations d'années, de semaines et de jours spéciaux
  • Sports (Généralités)

Spanish

Save record 57

Record 58 2006-11-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Federal Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Air Transport
OBS

Transport Canada. Located in the General Aviation Branch of Transport Canada Headquarters in Ottawa, the Flight Crew Examinations division is responsible for : Approved Electronic Computers, The Art of Writing an Examination, Computer Delivered Examinations, Examination Centres, Study and Reference Guides, Weak Knowledge Areas, etc.

Key term(s)
  • Flight Crew Examinations

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Transport aérien
OBS

Transports Canada. Faisant partie de l'aviation générale de Transports Canada à l'Administration centrale à Ottawa, la division des Examens du personnel navigant est responsable de : L'art de se préparer à un examen, Centres d'examens, Examens administrés par ordinateur, Guides d'étude et de référence, Ordinateurs approuvés, Questionnaire de 2005 sur la mise à jour des connaissances, etc.

Key term(s)
  • Examens du personnel navigant

Spanish

Save record 58

Record 59 2006-09-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tourist Activities
  • Sports (General)
DEF

The Art of learning to live comfortably in a wilderness environment using a combination of primitive and modern techniques.

CONT

Learn the basic survival bush skills with an experienced guide while at the same time enjoying a challenging and fun adventure trip. The course covers fire making, shelter making, identification of wild edibles and much more! Everything you need to survive with relative comfort is out there if you know where to look!

CONT

Bushcraft can be a life changing experience that will open your eyes to the wonders of the natural world in a unique way. Every step on this journey of discovery will be a step towards becoming at home in the wilderness.

CONT

She teaches Dene crafts, bush skills and languages, and has served on the board of trustees of the Canadian Museum of Nature.

OBS

Bush craft is a general term used to describe skills and knowledge that can be used to survivie in the wilderness. Whether you are just off to the woods for the day or off for a 6-month trek through the Himalayas, knowledge of how to adapt to your environment is essential.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Activités touristiques
  • Sports (Généralités)
CONT

Utiliser les techniques de brousse [...] : maintenir une trousse de survie et de premiers soins; gérer les situations d'urgence; gérer une mort naturelle ou accidentelle; aménager un abri; appeler à l'aide; assurer l'approvisionnement sécuritaire en eau et en nourriture.

CONT

Elle enseigne les techniques de survie dans la brousse, ainsi que les langues et les métiers d'art dénés.

Spanish

Save record 59

Record 60 2006-03-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

Education provided to adults who want to increase their general knowledge or improve their skills through part-time education.

OBS

See life-long education.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

[...] de nombreux pays ne voient ni ne peuvent articuler de distinction significative entre l'éducation permanente pour adultes et l'éducation tout au long de la vie dans la mesure où celle-ci se rapporte aux adultes.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
Save record 60

Record 61 2006-01-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Property Law (common law)
  • Law of Security
CONT

Priority of transferee ... A transferee of a security interest has the same priority with respect to perfection of the security interest as the transferor had at the time of the transfer.

OBS

"transferee" One to whom a conveyance of title or property is made.

OBS

... [A] person who is a transferee"of a general intangible has priority over a security interest "to the extent that he gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
  • Droit des sûretés
OBS

Priorité lorsque la sûreté est transférée [...] Le destinataire du transfert d'une sûreté, en ce qui concerne l'opposabilité de celle-ci, est subrogé à l'auteur du transfert au moment du transfert.

OBS

«cessionnaire» Dans une cession, celui qui acquiert du cédant le droit cédé (acquéreur, acheteur, adjudicataire, successeur, préempteur).

Spanish

Save record 61

Record 62 2005-05-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Position and Functional Titles (Armed Forces)
  • Military Administration
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
OBS

Director General Knowledge Management Innovation; DGKMI : title and abbreviation to be used by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Postes et fonctions (Forces armées)
  • Administration militaire
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
OBS

Directeur général - Innovations en gestion de la connaissance; DGIGC : titre et abréviation d'usage obligatoire au ministère de la Défense nationale et dans les Forces canadiennes.

Key term(s)
  • Directeur général Innovation en gestion de la connaissance
  • Directeur général Services ministériels (Gestion de l'information)

Spanish

Save record 62

Record 63 2005-03-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Non-Gov. Provincial Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Poultry Production
OBS

The Purposes of the BCAS : To promote the breeding and keeping of all cage birds in captivity. To establish interest, and to educate the general public in the care and keeping of cage birds. To establish and promote commercial contacts between members and the general public. To collect and make available, any scientific knowledge on the breeding, care and the improvement of any species of cage birds. To hold meetings, shows or any other agreeable ways of promoting the above aims of this scoiety.

OBS

Title and abbreviation confirmed by the Association.

Key term(s)
  • BC Avicultural Society

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités provinciaux non gouv. canadiens
  • Élevage des volailles
OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme.

Spanish

Save record 63

Record 64 2004-11-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Federal Government Programs (Canadian)
OBS

This program is designed to assist institutions of higher education to engage, under the direction of a designated principal researcher, in major team research about Canada, Canada's bilateral relations or comparative topics on Canada. The purpose is to increase knowledge and understanding of Canada through publication abroad of a substantial work, e. g. book or monograph. The research project will contribute to the development and expansion of Canadian Studies at the institution(s) involved and enrich the general body of literature in the field of research. Available in all of Europe(including central and eastern Europe.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
OBS

Ce programme est conçu pour aider des universités et autres établissements d'études supérieures à entreprendre, sous la direction d'un chercheur principal, des travaux d'équipe sur le Canada, la comparaison de ce dernier avec le (pays ou région), ou les relations bilatérales Canada-(pays ou région). L'objectif est de promouvoir la connaissance et la compréhension du Canada par la publication à l'étranger d'ouvrages substantiels (livres ou monographies). Le projet de recherche contribuera au développement et l'expansion des études canadiennes dans l'(les) établissement(s) impliqué(s) et constituera un apport important au domaine d'étude en général. Disponible à toute l'Europe, y inclus l'Europe centrale et l'Europe de l'est.

Spanish

Save record 64

Record 65 2004-02-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Provincial Government Programs (Canadian)
  • Provincial Administration
  • Aboriginal Law
OBS

Aboriginal Affairs Secretariat. Cross-Cultural Awareness and Public Information is an important part of the Secretariat mandate. The objective is to increase the level of knowledge of Mi’kmaq and Maliseet cultures and aboriginal issues among public servants and the general public. This is regarded as an important means of improving understanding and fostering better relations with aboriginal people. The main areas of activity in 1999-2000 were the provision of cross-cultural awareness workshops, the development of information kits, and the creation of a Web site.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes de gouvernements provinciaux canadiens
  • Administration provinciale
  • Droit autochtone
OBS

Secrétariat des Affaires autochtones. La Sensibilisation transculturelle et l'information publique sont un volet important du mandat du Secrétariat, l'objectif étant de permettre aux fonctionnaires et au public de mieux connaître les cultures micmaques et malécites de même que les questions autochtones. Cet élément est vu comme un moyen important de favoriser la compréhension et de meilleures relations avec les autochtones. Durant l'année 1999-2000, des ateliers de sensibilisation transculturelle, l'élaboration de trousses d'information et la création d'un site Web comptaient parmi les activités réalisées dans ce secteur.

Spanish

Save record 65

Record 66 2003-12-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Urban Housing
OBS

The United Nations Centre for Human Settlements(Habitat) promotes sustainable human settlements development through policy formulation, capacity-building, knowledge creation and the strengthening of partnerships between governments and civil society. In 1996, the United Nations General Assembly designated Habitat as focal point for the implementation of the Habitat Agenda, the global plan of action adopted at the second United Nations Conference on Human Settlements. The Centre, established in 1978, is the lead agency for coordinating human settlements development activities within the United Nations family.

Key term(s)
  • United Nations Center for Human Settlements

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Habitation et logement (Urbanisme)

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Organismos y comités internacionales
  • Viviendas (Urbanismo)
Save record 66

Record 67 2003-08-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Transportation Insurance
  • Trucking (Road Transport)
CONT

The large premiums often attract general insurance companies that have minimal knowledge of trucking insurance.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Assurance transport
  • Camionnage
CONT

Au Canada et aux États-Unis, les primes moyennes de l'assurance camionnage ont augmenté au cours des dernières années [...]

Spanish

Save record 67

Record 68 2002-12-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Honorary Distinctions
  • Prizes and Awards (Arts and Culture)
  • Oceanography
OBS

The International Ocean Institute has the honour to announce the "Arvid Pardo Award" for Research on the Concept of the Common Heritage". This Award was created by the Institute in 1992 and first awarded in 1997. Through this award the International Ocean Institute wishes to pay tribute to Arvid Pardo, the father of the contemporary Law of the Sea, the inspirer of the pacem in Maribus Conferences and the International Ocean Institute. It was the global vision, knowledge and intellectual integrity of Arvid Pardo, together with his lucid presentation of the proposals in 1967, that convinced the United Nations General Assembly to convene the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Special tribute must be paid to Arvid Pardo for his imagination and clear justification of the principle of the Common Heritage of Mankind in his presentations to the General Assembly and subsequently during the initial considerations thereof.

Key term(s)
  • Arvid Pardo Award

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres honorifiques et décorations internationaux
  • Prix et récompenses (Arts et Culture)
  • Océanographie
OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme.

Key term(s)
  • Prix Arvid Pardo
  • Prix Arvid Pardo du commun
  • Arvid Pardo Prix de «l'héritage commun»

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Títulos honoríficos y condecoraciones internacionales
  • Premios y recompensas (Artes y Cultura)
  • Oceanografía
OBS

Creado por el Instituto Oceánico Internacional.

Key term(s)
  • Premio Arvid Pardo
Save record 68

Record 69 2002-08-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
OBS

Netherlands. ETI is a non-government organization(NGO) in operational relations with UNESCO. Our mission is to develop and produce scientific and educational computer-aided information systems, to improve the general access to and promote the broad use of taxonomic and biodiversity knowledge worldwide.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
Key term(s)
  • Centre d'expertise en identification taxinomique

Spanish

Save record 69

Record 70 2002-01-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Organization Planning
  • Decision-Making Process
CONT

... the following factors are considered key in assessing an organization's current risk management capacity : individual factors(knowledge, skills, experience, risk tolerance, propensity to take risk) ;group factors(the impact of individual risk tolerances and willingness to manage risk) ;organizational factors(strategic direction, stated or implied risk tolerance) ;as well as external factors(elements that affect particular risk decisions or how is risk is managed in general).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification d'organisation
  • Processus décisionnel
CONT

[...] les facteurs suivants sont jugés essentiels à l'évaluation de la capacité courante de gestion du risque d'une organisation : les facteurs personnels (connaissance, habiletés, expérience, tolérance à l'égard du risque et la propension au risque), les facteurs collectifs (l'incidence de la tolérance à l'égard du risque de chaque employé et la volonté de gérer le risque), les facteurs organisationnels (orientation stratégique, tolérance à l'égard du risque explicite ou implicite) de même que les facteurs externes (éléments influant sur des décisions précises liées au risque ou sur la manière dont le risque est géré en général).

Spanish

Save record 70

Record 71 2002-01-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Organization Planning
  • Decision-Making Process
CONT

... the following factors are considered key in assessing an organization's current risk management capacity : individual factors(knowledge, skills, experience, risk tolerance, propensity to take risk) ;group factors(the impact of individual risk tolerances and willingness to manage risk) ;organizational factors(strategic direction, stated or implied risk tolerance) ;as well as external factors(elements that affect particular risk decisions or how is risk is managed in general).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Planification d'organisation
  • Processus décisionnel
CONT

[...] les facteurs suivants sont jugés essentiels à l'évaluation de la capacité courante de gestion du risque d'une organisation : les facteurs personnels (connaissance, habiletés, expérience, tolérance à l'égard du risque et la propension au risque), les facteurs collectifs (l'incidence de la tolérance à l'égard du risque de chaque employé et la volonté de gérer le risque), les facteurs organisationnels (orientation stratégique, tolérance à l'égard du risque explicite ou implicite) de même que les facteurs externes (éléments influant sur des décisions précises liées au risque ou sur la manière dont le risque est géré en général).

Spanish

Save record 71

Record 72 2001-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Graphic Arts and Printing
  • Electronic Publishing
  • Job Descriptions
CONT

Job Title : Scanning Operator/Documentation Specialist... Has a minimum of two(2) years as a scanning operator in a technical or information systems environment demonstrating working knowledge of general imagery archiving, scanning or digital printing.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Imprimerie et arts graphiques
  • Éditique
  • Descriptions d'emplois
CONT

L'opérateur de numérisation complète le tableau avec le nom du fichier de l'image numérisée.

Spanish

Save record 72

Record 73 2001-08-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Position and Functional Titles (Armed Forces)
  • Military Administration
OBS

Director General Knowledge Management and Technology Development; DGKMTD : title and abbreviation used by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.

OBS

Position title and abbreviation may be followed by a number.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Postes et fonctions (Forces armées)
  • Administration militaire
OBS

Directeur général - Gestion de la connaissance et développement technique; DGGCDT : titre et abréviation en usage au ministère de la Défense nationale et dans les Forces canadiennes.

OBS

Le titre du poste et l'abréviation peuvent être suivis d'un chiffre.

Key term(s)
  • Directeur général de la gestion de la connaissance et du développement technique

Spanish

Save record 73

Record 74 2001-07-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Oil Drilling
OBS

general rig knowledge : From the federal certification project(Marine Certification Regulations Section 35) to become effective after 1996.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Forage des puits de pétrole
OBS

connaissances générales sur les installations de forage: Extrait du projet de règlement fédéral (Règlement sur la délivrance des brevets et des certificats - Marine Article 35) qui entrera en vigueur après 1996.

OBS

connaissances générales : terme rarement utilisé au singulier (connaissance générale).

Key term(s)
  • connaissance générale sur les installations de forage

Spanish

Save record 74

Record 75 2000-12-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Federal Government Programs (Canadian)
  • Education (General)
OBS

Canadian Rural Partnership, Pilot Projects 2000-2001. New Brunswick. Federal Partner : Environment Canada. This project aims to transfer community knowledge into the local education system. Using computer graphics, computer-aided design software, spread sheets, wordprocessors and Internet applications as tools for processing local content, students will improve their general computer skills and be better able to apply these skills to other tasks later in life.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Pédagogie (Généralités)
OBS

Projets pilotes 2000-2001 du Partenariat rural canadien. Nouveau-Brunswick, partenaire fédéral : Environnement Canada. Ce projet a pour objet de transférer les connaissances communautaires au réseau d'éducation local. À l'aide de l'infographie, de logiciels de conception assistée par ordinateur, de tableurs, d'outils de traitement de texte et de l'internet à titre d'instruments de traitement du contenu local, les écoliers amélioreront leurs compétences générales en informatique et seront mieux aptes à les appliquer à d'autres fonctions ultérieurement dans la vie.

Spanish

Save record 75

Record 76 1999-12-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Psychometry and Psychotechnology
DEF

This IQ test measures several factors of intelligence, namely logical reasoning, math skills and general knowledge. It also measures your ability to classify things according to various attributes, and to see analogies and relations among concepts or things. It doesn’t take into consideration verbal, social, or emotional intelligence.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Psychométrie et psychotechnique
DEF

(Condition) influençant la différence entre les capacités cognitives.

OBS

Sparman, par ex., analysant les performances des mêmes sujets à plusieurs tests d'intelligence, trouve, après le traitement statistique des intercorrélations, un facteur général d'intelligence (facteur g.) à côté duquel ont été dégagés des facteurs spécifiques.

Spanish

Save record 76

Record 77 1999-12-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

... the knowledge-based tutoring paradigm has several practical difficulties. Among the most important is the requirement that the knowledge base be well-formed in order to interface properly with the general instructional program. Although knowledge acquisition programs might one day semi-automate this process, the reality today is that the endeavor is one that only experienced programmers... can accomplish after many months of tedious design and debugging.

OBS

See "knowledge acquisition".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Programme qui contrôle les nouvelles connaissances.

Spanish

Save record 77

Record 78 1999-07-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Federal Government Programs (Canadian)
  • Personality Development
OBS

Readiness to learn is a measure of many aspects of a child's development at age 5, a key developmental transition for most children. Being "ready to learn" includes : physical well-being and age-appropriate physical development(e. g., fine and gross motor skills) ;emotional health, including an ability to adapt to new experiences; age-appropriate social knowledge; language skills; and, general knowledge. Regularly monitoring and reporting on the learning-readiness of Canada's children will help to guide policy and investment decisions concerning children, enhancing the abilities of governments and society to prepare our children more effectively for a successful future.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de programmes fédéraux (Gouvernement canadien)
  • Développement de la personnalité
OBS

La capacité d'apprentissage est une mesure de bon nombre des aspects du développement d'un enfant de cinq ans, l'âge de transition essentiel dans le développement de la plupart des enfants. La capacité d'apprentissage, c'est être en bonne santé physique et avoir atteint le développement physique correspondant à son âge (p.ex. aptitudes motrices); être équilibré sur le plan émotif, notamment la capacité de s'adapter à de nouvelles expériences, posséder des connaissances sociales, des compétences linguistiques et des connaissances générales qui correspondent à son âge. La surveillance régulière de la capacité d'apprentissage des enfants Canadiens et les rapports qui seront préparés à ce sujet contribueront à orienter la politique et les décisions d'investissement concernant les enfants, à améliorer la capacité du gouvernement et de la société à préparer plus efficacement nos enfants à un avenir réussi.

Spanish

Save record 78

Record 79 1997-06-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Vocabulary
OBS

Term and equivalent used in the publication: The Estates General on Education, Quebec, 1995-1996.

CONT

Beyond the knowledge specific to each subject, schools must help students acquire more general methodology skills that are essential to reflection, observation, analysis, deductive reasoning, clear and logical thinking.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vocabulaire général
OBS

Terme et équivalent relevés dans Les États généraux sur l'éducation, Québec, 1995-1996.

CONT

Il s'agit de connaissances de nature méthodologiques. Elles résultent en effet de l'application de méthodes qui permettent la réflexion, l'observation, l'analyse, la synthèse, le raisonnement, le jugement, la recherche et la sélection de l'information.

Spanish

Save record 79

Record 80 1996-01-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

The set of alternative candidate concept descriptions that are consistent with the training data, knowledge, and assumptions of the concept learner. This set defines a partially learned concept and can be represented in terms of its maximally general and maximally specific members.

CONT

For each partially-learned heuristic, we refer to the set of all plausible descriptions of the heuristic as the version space of the partially-learned heuristic, relative to the observed instances and the language in which heuristics are described.

CONT

Any version space can be represented compactly by storing only its maximally-specific and maximally-general elements.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Ensemble des descriptions de concept compatibles avec les données, connaissances ou présuppositions disponibles.

CONT

On définit l'espace de versions pour un ensemble d'instances E comme étant l'ensemble de toutes les descriptions admissibles pour E. Chaque élément de cet ensemble représente une version du concept recherché.

CONT

Le contour inférieur d'un espace de versions bien formé V est l'ensemble de ses descriptions minimales; son contour supérieur est l'ensemble de ses descriptions maximales.

Spanish

Save record 80

Record 81 1995-08-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
OBS

Title of a brochure published by the Ministry of the Solicitor General of Ontario. "Two-Way Streets... uses live action video to present three simulations focused on vehicle stops. The simulations integrate race relations training with statutory knowledge, police vehicle operations, officer safety and communication skills. "

OBS

Information taken from the brochure.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies

Spanish

Save record 81

Record 82 1995-05-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Collins’ set of tutorial rules was used to construct an experimental Socratic tutoring system for rainfall processes called WHY(Stevens and Collins, 1977). In this system, the domain knowledge is no longer contained in a semantic net, which would not be very fit for the representation of processes. Instead, the knowledge about rainfall is stored in a hierarchy of scripts that represent stereotypical sequences of events. These fixed sequences are to capture both the temporal and the causal relations between events in a way that is easily amenable to inspection. The generation of questions and the evaluation of the student's answers are based on these scripts. The nested nature of the script hierarchy provides an organized view of the knowledge, with more general scripts giving overall sequences of events and more detailed scripts accounting for intermediate causal chains relating these events. The system can exploit this hierarchy to cover the subject starting from a general understanding and moving toward a more and more detailed description of the process.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

qui évoque le dialogue socratique.

Spanish

Save record 82

Record 83 1994-12-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

... one might imagine that we could program a general notion of improvement of knowledge. Such a notion would make it possible to construct a tutor which dispenses with a representation of the target knowledge, but bases its tutoring on a representation of the student's initial knowledge instead. Such a tutor would try to make the student improve his knowledge, in any direction....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 83

Record 84 1994-12-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The Need for Higher-Level Knowledge.... Our current state of knowledge about causal and teleological reasoning is of insufficient depth to permit their inclusion in the expert in a general way. Instead, we summarize the results of such reasoning and use these to make deductions. This new knowledge, unlike the propagator, is circuit-specific... There are two principles we employ to encode this circuit-specific knowledge. First, we impose a strict discipline upon its form, making addition, modification and explanation of higher-level knowledge easier. Second, the propagator and its underlying mechanisms for handling assumptions and fault modes are used as a way of simplifying the deductions that the higher-level knowledge needs to make.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

Les tableurs, les gestionnaires de bases de données et les progiciels hypermedia ne permettaient que de traiter des connaissances de type factuel. Pour favoriser une acquisition durable des connaissances factuelles, il importe d'intégrer ces faits dans un réseau de concepts, de règles, de taxonomies ou de procédures. Or ces connaissances de plus haut niveau ne peuvent être traitées directement par les progiciels classiques. [...] C'est là une des raisons pour lesquelles il importe en éducation de dépasser le stade des bases de données pour pouvoir traiter des formes plus évoluées de connaissances.

CONT

Un logiciel à base de connaissances sur l'alimentation. [...] L'étudiant peut [...] se faire composer un menu répondant à certaines contraintes. À travers ces activités, il apprend non seulement de nombreux faits et données sur les aliments ainsi que des règles de saine alimentation, mais aussi et surtout des connaissances de plus haut niveau comme celles de repas équilibré, de valeur des aliments, de régime adapté à des besoins.

CONT

Existe-t-il des connaissances plus élaborées sous forme de règles ou de procédures [...]?

Spanish

Save record 84

Record 85 1994-11-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Constructing a knowledge base is in general a modeling problem, using representational tools that are unavailable to the expert. It is a problem of formalization and reformulation.

OBS

[This stage] involves generation of formal representations of the key concepts, sub-problems, and information flow characteristics.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

L'activité principale des étudiants est la formalisation, ou encore la programmation dans un langage qui permet des constructions formelles intéressantes.

OBS

[Cette étape] comporte la production de représentations formelles des concepts clés, des sous-problèmes et des caractéristiques du débit de l'information.

Spanish

Save record 85

Record 86 1994-10-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

To become applicable, most didactic strategies must be combined with the constraints provided by the structure of the domain and with the resources provided by the model of expertise. In general, the problem of merging didactic and domain knowledge dynamically-a theme of further work on MENO-TUTOR(Woolf and McDonald, 1984a)-can be quite complex. The resulting articulation is critical to pretting curriculum decisions and explanation generation under the system's control.

CONT

Separating the domain knowledge base from the teaching knowledge provides tremendous engineering efficiency, allowing the teaching knowledge to be more clearly formalized, evaluated, and reused.

CONT

... the ADVISOR must monitor a user’s interaction with the system, attempt to identify user goals and offer, as appropriate, advice based on the user’s goals and common design strategies as defined in the domain knowledge base.

OBS

The structure of the domain in the database can be frame-based, rule-based, script-based or take the form of semantic nets, didactic plans, bites, or genetic graphs.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Base de données d'un système EIAO contenant un ensemble d'informations et de connaissances factuelles sur la discipline enseignée.

OBS

Ces données sont combinées avec celles de la base de données didactiques pour permettre la génération de modules d'apprentissage. Voir aussi : modèle du domaine, base de connaissances.

OBS

Renseignements fournis par le Centre de terminologie et néologie, Paris, 1991.

Spanish

Save record 86

Record 87 1994-10-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

In the knowledge base, domain specific knowledge is expressed as a set of condition-action pairs referred to as production rules that specify the action to be carried out if the prerequisite conditions are true.

CONT

[Instructional Tutoring Systems] have a central objective of communicating some knowledge through computer facilities which may employ domain-specific expertise, error analysis, and user modelling.

CONT

First, to introduce neophyte users to the system, it must operate as an intelligent tutor, controlling a structured interaction with the user as defined in a domain-specific knowledge base.

OBS

The distinction between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge is not always clear cut.... meta-knowledge is often treated as control knowledge about what to do next, and this type of knowledge is often very domain specific.... In general, making distinctions between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge does not contribute much to the design of the system; rather, it tends to distract.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

L'avènement de l'intelligence artificielle et l'essor des systèmes experts a souligné l'importance de logiciels capables de traiter de telles connaissances spécifiques à un domaine d'étude.

Spanish

Save record 87

Record 88 1994-07-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

In learning from examples, a counterexample of a concept that may bound the scope of "generalization".

CONT

The Socratic method is a well-established approach to the problem of helping the student refine and debug her knowledge. In this paradigm, the tutor encourages the student to refine her knowledge by presenting her with instances(counter examples) which run counter to her conception of the domain.... In general, a counter example can be viewed as an instance which satisfies the antecedent of the rule which the student is thought to be using, but violates the rule's consequent.

CONT

... positive examples force generalization whereas negative examples prevent overgeneralization (the induced concept should never be so general as to include any of the negative examples).

CONT

Tape recordings were made of human tutorials in an attempt to elucidate when and why a good tutor changes topic, elaborates a point, gives a counter-example, asks a question, etc.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Exemple qui illustre le contraire de ce qu'on veut démontrer.

CONT

Dans l'apprentissage des similarités, le but est de collecter les propriétés communes à un ensemble d'exemples d'un concept, et absente de l'ensemble des contre-exemples à ce concept.

CONT

On parlera souvent d'instance positive ou négative plutôt que d'exemple et contre-exemple.

Spanish

Save record 88

Record 89 1994-07-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

Knowledge about the world (or domain of interest).

CONT

World knowledge (what is generally known as common sense) is an important part of natural - language skill.

CONT

The ability to draw causal connections between events is an example of a skill based on the general world knowledge that people use continually, although they are often unaware of it. To function intelligently, a tutor must have and use this type of knowledge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 89

Record 90 1994-05-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Documents and Works
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
OBS

of the Personnel Psychology Centre of the PSC. Test no. 1. Education: Alternative to two years of secondary school

OBS

This test assesses general cognitive ability at the level normally required to complete two years of secondary school. It consists of items relating to general knowledge, the use of vocabulary, arithmetic problems, identifying similarities and differences in concepts, and completing patterns in a series of letters or numbers. This test can be used in instances where individuals do not possess the formal level of education required for a job but may still have the necessary ability to perform well on the job.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de documents et d'œuvres
  • Docimologie
OBS

Cet examen évalue l'habileté cognitive générale au niveau normalement requis pour achever deux années du cycle secondaire. Son contenu porte sur les connaissances générales, l'emploi du vocabulaire, la résolution de problèmes d'arithmétique, la détection des similitudes et différences dans les concepts et sur l'action de terminer des séries de lettres et de chiffres. Il peut être utilisé dans les cas où les candidats ne possèdent pas le niveau de formation scolaire requis pour un poste mais pourraient avoir l'aptitude nécessaire pour exercer l'emploi de manière satisfaisante.

Spanish

Save record 90

Record 91 1994-05-31

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Documents and Works
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
OBS

of the Personnel Psychology Centre of the PSC

OBS

This assesses general knowledge of Canada as well as knowledge in such areas as social affairs, politics and trade. It is a requirement for entry into foreign service officer position.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de documents et d'œuvres
  • Docimologie
OBS

Cet examen évalue la connaissance générale du Canada ainsi que les connaissances dans des domaines tels que les affaires sociales, les régimes politiques et le commerce. Il est obligatoire pour les candidats aux postes d'agent du service extérieur.

Spanish

Save record 91

Record 92 1993-05-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The electronics expert functions at three levels. At the local level of the circuit's components, the electronics expert applies general knowledge of the principles of electronics to propagate quantitative information about voltage and currents across components. These local inferences, expressed as quantitative ranges, are then translated into qualitative assertions for a rule-based system that infers the behavior of the circuit's modules. Finally, at the global level, the electronics expert uses circuit-specific knowledge to analyze the circuit in terms of the behavior of logical modules. The circuit-specific knowledge is represented as a behavior tree which is central to the expert's reasoning capabilities.

CONT

The electronic expert is a separate on-call system component that may be asked for help or assistance by the user. The range of assistance it provides to the user relates to explanations about various electronics concepts ..., statements about the qualitative dependencies between the device parameters and the specific circuit parameters ..., the detection and elimination of redundancy in user built circuits....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Spanish

Save record 92

Record 93 1992-10-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Let us formulate a general paradigm for inductive inference : Given observational statements(facts), F, that represent specific knowledge about some objects, situations, processes, and so on, tentative inductive assertion, and background knowledge, find an inductive assertion(hypothesis), H, that tautologically or weakly implies the observational statements, and satisfies the background knowledge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

A l'opposé d'une règle sélective, une règle constructive produit des généralisations qui peuvent porter sur des attributs n'apparaissant pas dans les assertions factuelles dont on part.

Spanish

Save record 93

Record 94 1991-06-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
  • Pollutants
  • Climatology
CONT

Possible future changes of climate due to anthropogenic aerosols. In view of the many ways in which the global aerosol distribution may change and our incomplete knowledge about the geographical distribution of possible past changes, projections of future impacts on climate are not possible except in very general terms.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air
  • Agents de pollution
  • Climatologie
OBS

En ce qui concerne les aérosols troposphériques, les difficultés pour évaluer les impacts proviennent surtout de la distribution spatiale des particules. Celle-ci est géographiquement très variable, car les activités humaines et naturelles émettent des particules dont le temps de résidence est généralement faible dans la troposphère (de quelques jours à un mois). Par ailleurs l'on dispose de peu de données sur le contenu de la troposphère en aérosols dans les zones isolées.

Spanish

Save record 94

Record 95 1990-12-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Occupation Names (General)
  • Corporate Structure
DEF

Position occupied by a person having broad general knowledge and experience in several fields, as opposed to a specialist position.

Key term(s)
  • generalists job

French

Domaine(s)
  • Désignations des emplois (Généralités)
  • Structures de l'entreprise
DEF

Poste occupé par une personne qui possède de l'expérience et des connaissances dans plusieurs domaines.

Spanish

Save record 95

Record 96 1990-12-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Recruiting of Personnel
DEF

A person's general cultural knowledge, education, experience, etc.

OBS

not the same as "academic background".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Recrutement du personnel
DEF

Ensemble des connaissances qu'un individu a acquises par son expérience dans la vie par opposition à sa formation scolaire.

OBS

Formation: éducation intellectuelle et morale d'un être humain: c.-à-d. ses connaissances, sa culture.

OBS

ne pas confondre avec "formation scolaire" ou "études" qui se rend par "academic background".

Spanish

Save record 96

Record 97 1989-09-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

A unit of decision in a didactic process. It is more general than a didactic intervention, in that it does not necessarily correspond to actions visible to the student. Defined in the framework of "plan", it includes all situations from the simple prestored interventions of current systems to the dynamic knowledge communication capabilities of futuristic tutors(See Macmillan and Sleeman, 1987).

CONT

In addition to generating an episode of actions or subgoals, a didactic operation can generate explicit diagnostic expectations.

OBS

Most didactic operations in today’s tutors consist of a single basic action, such as presenting a piece of prestored text or submitting a selected problem. Since these prefabricated interventions are didactically planned during system design, the granularity of the decisions that remain to the system itself is fairly coarse. It can be refined, however, if the underlying plan or the set of expectations are made explicit to the system.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Spanish

Save record 97

Record 98 1989-09-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Although WUSOR-II was tested with many students in informal experiments, the coach was mostly tuned with the help of a synthetic student, SYNDIE, whose knowledge was an overlay of the system's rules. The notion of a synthetic student presupposes a number of assumptions that limit its use as a general testbed(Ihrie, 1978). In particular, the overlay student learns by discrete steps corresponding to the addition of rules; this rather static style fails to reflect the gradual mastery of concepts by human students. Nevertheless, SYNDIE turned out to be quite useful in the preliminary debugging process, where it revealed many of the coach's inadequacies.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Composante du système WUSOR-II. Voir modèle d'étudiant.

Spanish

Save record 98

Record 99 1989-07-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

In general, small knowledge systems contain under 500 rules. They are designed to help individuals solve difficult analysis and decision-making tasks without aspiring to being the equivalent of any human expert.

CONT

Micro-based systems ... can consider only two dozen or fewer options, which can be selected by only a few hundred rules. But in many practical applications, solutions require thousands of rules.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
OBS

Par analogie à microprogramme, micro-ordinateur, microprocesseur et micromachine.

CONT

Les petits systèmes de connaissances contiennent généralement moins de 500 règles.

Spanish

Save record 99

Record 100 1989-04-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

A learning system that can derive general knowledge from one example provided that it can explain why this example works.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 100

Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank

© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau

Features

GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)

Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.

Writing tools

The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.

Glossaries and vocabularies

Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.

Date Modified: