TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Simply stated the right of superficies is an exception to the general rule of accession... resulting in the ownership by an individual of a thing situated on, over or under the land of another. The owner of the land subject to this right of superficies is called the "tréfoncier" and the owner of the thing benefitting from this right of superficies is called the superficiary(superficiaire).  1, record 1, English, - superficiary

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le propriétaire superficiaire possède des droits étendus sur la superficie. Par ailleurs, l'étroite relation de voisinage qui existe, sur le plan vertical, entre le superficiaire et le tréfoncier exige que certains droits soient accordés au superficiaire sur le tréfonds. Le propriétaire superficiaire détient sur la superficie qui lui est allouée toutes les prérogatives habituellement reconnues au propriétaire (usus, fructus, abusus, accessio).  2, record 1, French, - superficiaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of a red wine: brought to the temperature of the room in which it is served.  1, record 2, English, - chambr%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule wines should be served at room temperature or, as the French term it, "chambré".  1, record 2, English, - chambr%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The reds are enjoyable chambré or at cellar temperature.  1, record 2, English, - chambr%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chambrer du vin : le laisser réchauffer légèrement, à la température de la pièce où il doit être consommé.  2, record 2, French, - chambr%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule of Canadian evidence law, the previous out-of-court statements of a witness or victim are not to be the subject of testimony in court. In regard to statements by a child who is not called as a witness, any statements made by the child to others would normally be regarded as hearsay and therefore inadmissible. Although the general rules about the exclusion of previous consistent statements and hearsay are basically sound, they can be problematic when applied to cases involving children who are victims of abuse. Not infrequently in child abuse cases, the initial disclosures of abuse by the child to a parent or another trusted person are graphic and highly revealing. Conversely, if the accused argues that a child has been subject to improper coaching or interviewing to make the allegations, [an] inquiry into the circumstances in which the allegations were first made can be vitally important. As a result of these types of concerns Canadian judges have significantly liberalized the rules about admitting this type of evidence, making changes to the common law that in some other countries have been achieved by legislative reforms.  3, record 3, English, - victim%20of%20abuse

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

victime de maltraitance : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 3, French, - victime%20de%20maltraitance

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A production system is a human or computer system that has a data base of production rules and some control mechanism that selects applicable production rules in an effort to reach some goal state.  4, record 4, English, - production%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A key notion in the Newell-Simon scheme is the production system, in which an operation will be carried out if a certain specific condition is met. Programs consist of long sequences of such production systems operating on the data base. As described by the theorists, the production system is kind of a computational stimulus-response link; so long as the stimuli (or conditions) are appropriate, the response (or production) will be executed. In the course of developing the General Problem Solver, Simon and Newell have propounded a perspective on artificial intelligence, a theory of thinking, and an agenda for future research.  5, record 4, English, - production%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A set of production rules (which is called a production system) can be interpreted in two distinct ways. ... One way to interpret a production system is to work through the rules one by one until a rule is found for which the condition ... is true. ... Alternatively, the production system could be "run backwards", with the rules being run from "right to left".  6, record 4, English, - production%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A production system is a rule-based system. Computer scientists also call these systems general rewrite systems. Each rule is matched to the input, and the rules that apply rewrite the input according the action part of these rules.  3, record 4, English, - production%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

production system: Term standardized by ISO/IEC.  7, record 4, English, - production%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système expert ayant adopté la représentation par règles de production [...] pour modéliser le comportement humain ou pour bâtir des bases de connaissances.  4, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[système] constitué de trois parties : une base de faits, une base de règles de production et un moteur d'inférence.  5, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système de production : Terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.  6, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

… a partner who, as a general rule, commits financial resources to a project [or] program for a specific period of time.  3, record 5, English, - funding%20partner

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La iniciativa, que tendrá una duración de cinco años, es liderada por el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible como representante del Gobierno Nacional ante el Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (GEF, por sus siglas en inglés), que destinó un presupuesto de 8.841.000 dólares en calidad de socio financiador.  1, record 5, Spanish, - socio%20financiador

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, purebred cattle are raised to produce breeding stock for other purebred producers and for commercial cattlemen.  3, record 6, English, - purebred%20cattle

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Limousin en France produit un bœuf de race pure qui n'a jamais été croisée.  3, record 6, French, - bovin%20de%20race%20pure

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the general unfairness of utilizing involuntary statements resulting from private coercion has never been the focus of the confessions rule, even when the rule was justified by policy concerns for reliability.  1, record 7, English, - involuntary%20statement

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'iniquité générale découlant de l'utilisation d'une déclaration involontaire obtenue sous la contrainte par de simples citoyens n'a jamais été visée par la règle des confessions, même lorsque celle‑ci était justifiée par des préoccupations ayant trait à la fiabilité de la déclaration.  1, record 7, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20involontaire

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Further, the audibility of an intruding noise also depends on the existing interior background sound level. As a general rule, if the intruding noise can be reduced to approximately 5 dB [decibels] below the existing background noise level, it will likely not be cause for complaint.  2, record 8, English, - intruding%20noise

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si vous estimez subir, de la part de votre voisinage, un bruit gênant par sa durée, son intensité ou sa répétitivité, vous devez avant tout identifier la source sonore (nature, localisation, heures).  2, record 8, French, - bruit%20g%C3%AAnant

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of descending a rock face or mountain wall by using one’s hands and feet.  2, record 9, English, - down%20climbing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Down climbing... On easy and low-angled rock, the climber faces outward as he descends. He may crouch slightly, feet flat on slabby areas... As a general rule, hands should be kept low and ready to support the climber using either downpressure or cling holds.  3, record 9, English, - down%20climbing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A rope is often used for protection in difficult sections or the climber may choose to rappel these. Downclimbing is often very dangerous since the climber is often unroped. A common method of downclimbing rock is by scuttling down like a crab with both legs and arms on the rock and facing outward.  2, record 9, English, - down%20climbing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Descente (d'une montagne, d'une sommet).  2, record 9, French, - descente%20en%20escalade%20libre

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'escalade libre s'oppose à l'utilisation de matériel d'escalade, donc la descente en escalade libre invite le grimpeur à n'utiliser que ses pieds et ses mains pour s'appuyer et de descendre face au vide si la pente le permet.  3, record 9, French, - descente%20en%20escalade%20libre

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A collector] placed on a vertical wall (90 degrees).  3, record 10, English, - vertical%20solar%20collector

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, reflectors are most effective on vertical collectors during the [summer], late spring and early fall...  1, record 10, English, - vertical%20solar%20collector

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A legal principle, of general application, sanctioned by the recognition of authorities, and usually expressed in the form of a maxim or logical proposition. Called a "rule", because in doubtful or unforeseen cases it is a guide or norm for their decision.  4, record 11, English, - rule%20of%20law

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to the more abstract "rule of law" which subordinates everyone to the law.  5, record 11, English, - rule%20of%20law

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Norme juridiquement obligatoire [...], quels que soient sa source [...], son degré de généralité [...], sa portée [...]  3, record 11, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20droit

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regla o precepto que integra el Ordenamiento Jurídico, emanada de los órganos competentes del Estado o de una fuerza social (ej. la costumbre) y establecida con carácter general y coercitivo para regular la convivencia social.  2, record 11, Spanish, - norma%20jur%C3%ADdica

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Association of Refugee Law Judges seeks to foster recognition that protection from persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion is an individual right established under international law, and that the determination of refugee status and its cessation should be subject to the rule of law. The Association's membership consists of specialists in refugee law issues, members of specialized tribunals such as Canada's Immigration and Refugee Board(IRB) ;members of courts of first instance having general jurisdiction, similar to Canada's Federal Court; and members of appellate courts having powers of review over administrative determinations.  2, record 12, English, - International%20Association%20of%20Refugee%20Law%20Judges

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Association internationale des juges aux affaires des réfugiés veut faire davantage reconnaître que la protection contre la persécution en raison de la race, de la religion, de la nationalité, de l'appartenance à un groupe social ou des opinions politiques est un droit individuel reconnu par le droit international et que l'attribution, ou la perte, du statut de réfugié doivent être décidées en conformité avec le principe de la légalité. L'Association regroupe des spécialistes des questions touchant le droit des réfugiés, des membres de tribunaux spécialisés (du genre de la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié au Canada (CISR)), des membres de tribunaux de première instance ayant une compétence générale (comme la Cour fédérale du Canada) et des membres de cours d'appel habilitées à réexaminer des décisions administratives.  3, record 12, French, - Association%20internationale%20des%20juges%20aux%20affaires%20des%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A work for hire is an exception to the general rule that the person who creates a work is the legally recognized author of that work. Under U. S. copyright law and in some other jurisdictions, if a work is "made for hire, "the employer, not the employee, is considered the legal author.  3, record 13, English, - work%20for%20hire

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une œuvre à louer constitue une exception à la règle voulant que la personne qui crée une œuvre est juridiquement considérée comme son auteur. Selon la loi américaine du droit d’auteur et dans certaines autres juridictions, lorsqu’une œuvre est faite sur commande et payée (œuvre à louer), c’est l’employeur et non l’employé qui est considéré comme son auteur.  4, record 13, French, - %26oelig%3Buvre%20%C3%A0%20louer

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En matière de droit d'auteur, on préfère la notion «œuvre sur commande» au lieu de «travail à la commande» pour traduire «work for hire».  5, record 13, French, - %26oelig%3Buvre%20%C3%A0%20louer

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The general rule of the establishment of a frame, [including the] allocation of each bit to a determined channel.  2, record 14, English, - frame%20structure

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Règle générale de constitution d'une trame, [qui inclut l'affectation] de chaque bit à une voie déterminée.  2, record 14, French, - structure%20de%20trame

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule is that where damage is suffered by any person as a result of a tort, any tortfeasor liable in respect of that damage may recover contribution from any other tortfeasor who is, or would if sued have been, liable in respect of the same damage, whether as joint tortfeasor or otherwise. There must, first of all be a common liability in tort. This precludes contribution between one liable in contract and another in tort.  1, record 15, English, - common%20liability

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general rule is that an acceptance has no effect until it is communicated to the offeror. One reason for this rule is the difficulty of proving an uncommunicated decision to accept "for the Devil himself knows not the intent of a man. "  1, record 16, English, - communicate%20an%20acceptance

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, at the time of making application to be appointed as administrator of the estate of a person dying intestate, the applicant must post with the court a bond to ensure that he/she properly carries out the functions of administrator.  3, record 17, English, - administration%20bond

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The bond is signed by two sureties. The penalty in the bond is double the value of the estate.  4, record 17, English, - administration%20bond

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le demandeur [la personne qui a demandé qu'on lui concède l'administration de la succession] doit contracter un engagement avec une ou des garanties relativement à l'exécution de ses fonctions : c'est ce qu'on a coutume d'appeler l'«administration bond».  3, record 17, French, - engagement%20de%20l%27administrateur

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] la pénalité en cas d'inexécution du «bond» [...] est en principe du double de la valeur de l'actif successoral dévolu à l'«administrator» par le «grant» [...]  4, record 17, French, - engagement%20de%20l%27administrateur

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aquel en el que el propietario de un inmueble de productos como fideicomitente lo entrega al banco como fiduciario, que se encarga de administrarlo, después de acordar los contratos de arrendamiento respectivos: cobrar las rentas; pagar los impuestos relativos; cubrir los gastos de conservación, vigilancia y mantenimiento. El caso señalado da una idea somera de este tipo de fideicomisos que también son aplicables en herencias, tutelas, sucesiones o cualquier otro caso donde se considera conveniente la intervención de un tercero que, ajeno a afectaciones de carácter personal, pueda cumplir un objetivo determinado.  1, record 17, Spanish, - fideicomiso%20de%20administraci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule that there can be no acceptance by silence does not mean that an acceptance always has to be given in so many words.  2, record 18, English, - acceptance%20by%20silence

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acceptation par le silence : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - acceptation%20par%20le%20silence

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule is : red, right, returning. Keep the starboard hand(red-coloured) markers/buoys/lights to the starboard side when your vessel is : returning from the sea, heading upstream, entering a harbour or proceeding clockwise around the North American continent.  1, record 19, English, - red%2C%20right%2C%20returning

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While, as a general rule, good faith does not require that parallel negotiations be disclosed, there are however some extremely important exceptions, including the necessity to inform a co-contractor who believes the negotiations are unique or who asks a question in this regard.  2, record 20, English, - co%2Dcontractor

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cocontractant, cocontractante : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - cocontractant

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The classical mode of conversion consists in unauthorized transfer or disposal of the goods, whether by sale and delivery.... As a general rule, both transferor and transferee are joint wrongdoers, since the giving and taking are but different facets of the same unlawful disposition.  2, record 21, English, - joint%20wrongdoer

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transgresseur conjoint; transgresseuse conjointe : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - transgresseur%20conjoint

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the PPSA, the general rule is that the first creditor to register or take possession has priority. This rule is different from the rule that applies under the existing law. Currently, if a company created two charges in favour of two separate creditors, it is the creditor whose charge was created first that takes priority(so long as that creditor has registered within the 30-day period required by the Companies Act). The general rule under the PPSA is that first to register or take possession takes priority no matter which charge is signed first. One consequence is that creditors, such as banks, are likely to require registration of a financing statement as a condition precedent to advancing funds to a debtor.  2, record 22, English, - first%20creditor

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

créancier de premier rang; créancière de premier rang : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 22, French, - cr%C3%A9ancier%20de%20premier%20rang

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A communication that is not considered a grass-roots lobbying communication under the general definition of that term may nonetheless be characterized as a grass-roots lobbying communication by reason of a rule that is applicable to a limited type of paid advertisement that appears in the mass media. This type of communication is a "mass media advertisement. "  2, record 23, English, - mass%20media%20advertisement

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there can be but one action for damages for a total breach of an entire contract to deliver goods, and the fact that they were to be delivered in installment from time to time does not change the general rule.  2, record 24, English, - breach%20of%20an%20entire%20contract

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule is that a promise to perform an existing duty is no consideration, at least when the promise is made by a party to a pre-existing contract, when it is made to the promisee under that contract, and it is to do no more than the promisor is bound to do under that contract. The rule expresses the concept that the new promise, indistinguishable from the old, is an illusory consideration.  2, record 25, English, - illusory%20consideration

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The major exception to the above general rule on acceptance concerns acceptance by post. In this case, acceptance takes place when the acceptance is posted and not when it is received by the offeror. The "postal" rule means that, even if a postal acceptance does not reach the offeror, the contract will already have been made and the offeror will be bound to perform its obligations, provided the other party can prove that it posted its letter of acceptance.  3, record 26, English, - acceptance%20by%20post

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Implied reservation. The general rule... is that a grant is construed in favour of the grantee.  1, record 27, English, - acquisition%20by%20implied%20reservation

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This category of mistake is derived from a small group of cases most of them of modern times, although the doctrine existed at least as early as 1584. The general rule is that a man is estopped by his deed, and although there is no such estoppel in the case of ordinary signed documents, a party of full age and understanding is normally bound by his signature to a document, whether he reads or understands it or not. If, however, a party has been misled into executing a deed or signing a document essentially different from that which he intended to execute or sign, he can plead non est factum in an action against him. The deed or writing is completely void in whosesoever hands it may come.  1, record 28, English, - plead%20non%20est%20factum

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, la personne qui ignorait le contenu ou la nature d'un écrit qu'on lui a fait signer peut, par la défense "non est factum", en faire prononcer la nullité quant à elle.  2, record 28, French, - plaider%20la%20d%C3%A9fense%20non%20est%20factum

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A claim that a contract has been discharged may be made before there has actually been any(or any sufficiently serious) interference with performance, on the ground that supervening events have made it highly probable that there will be such interference. As a general rule, the effect of those events must then be determined by reference to the time when they occur.  1, record 29, English, - prospective%20frustration

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Notice of Application shall be served in accordance with Rule 38. 05, and in addition(a) when the application relates to a proceeding before a lower court, service shall be made on the clerk or judge thereof and on the Attorney General...  1, record 30, English, - lower%20court

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'avis de requête doit être signifié conformément à la règle 38.05 et, de plus, a) si la requête se rapporte à une instance devant un tribunal inférieur, le greffier ou le juge de cette cour et le procureur général doivent en recevoir signification [...]  2, record 30, French, - tribunal%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the following types of activities, you must record a portion of the cost as a fundraising cost : activities that include asking for support, but that would still have taken place without asking for support, where the "four-part" test is met; and activities that would not have taken place without asking for support(and so are fundraising activities) but that include charitable activities designed to prompt an action or change a behaviour(and so are exceptions to the general rule).  2, record 31, English, - fundraising%20cost

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A national park reserve managed by Parks Canada.  3, record 32, English, - Pacific%20Rim%20National%20Park%20Reserve%20of%20Canada

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It is mistakenly maintained that this name is given and is not translated in French; yet, as a general rule, "Pacific Rim"(not in the Gazetteer) is usually rendered as "littoral du Pacifique" in French. However, usage has established the English specific in the French name of the park.  4, record 32, English, - Pacific%20Rim%20National%20Park%20Reserve%20of%20Canada

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 OBS

On January 12, 2001, the words "of Canada" were added to the names of national parks, national park reserves and national historic sites. The addition should be systematically used on cover pages, in titles, headings and at the beginning of documents. In the body of a text, it is stylistically appropriate to omit the words "of Canada."  5, record 32, English, - Pacific%20Rim%20National%20Park%20Reserve%20of%20Canada

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Réserve de parc national gérée par Parcs Canada.  3, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9serve%20de%20parc%20national%20du%20Canada%20Pacific%20Rim

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On répète, à tort, que ce nom est donné et ne se traduit pas; pourtant, règle courante, «Pacific Rim» (non répertorié) est généralement rendu par «littoral du Pacifique» en français. Cependant, l'usage a consacré l'utilisation du spécifique anglais dans le nom français du parc.  4, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9serve%20de%20parc%20national%20du%20Canada%20Pacific%20Rim

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Depuis le 12 janvier 2001, il faut désigner les noms des parcs nationaux, des réserves de parc national et des lieux historiques avec les éléments «du Canada». Cette forme doit paraître sur la couverture, la page de titre et les pages initiales de présentation de documents. Par la suite, on peut omettre les éléments «du Canada».  5, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9serve%20de%20parc%20national%20du%20Canada%20Pacific%20Rim

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Usage de la majuscule : dans une liste, sur une carte géographique, ou sur un panneau de signalisation, le générique porte la majuscule; dans un texte suivi en français, la minuscule au générique est de rigueur.  6, record 32, French, - r%C3%A9serve%20de%20parc%20national%20du%20Canada%20Pacific%20Rim

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period in football when a football club can transfer players either in or out of their playing staff.  2, record 33, English, - transfer%20window

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new system introduces two transfer windows... The general rule is that outside of the transfer windows a club will not be allowed to register any players.  3, record 33, English, - transfer%20window

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The transfer window is open and several clubs have already taken the plunge into the market.  4, record 33, English, - transfer%20window

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Football: European term for soccer.  5, record 33, English, - transfer%20window

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De nos jours, le cadre fixé pour les transferts prévoit deux périodes annuelles (le début et le milieu de la saison) avec la limite d'un transfert par joueur en douze mois. En ce qui concerne la France, ces périodes (fenêtres de transfert) vont de la fin du championnat au 31 août pour la période estivale et du 1er au 31 janvier pour le mercato d'hiver.  2, record 33, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20transfert

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans trois jours, une nouvelle fenêtre de transfert s'ouvre, et elle s'annonce particulièrement animée.  3, record 33, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20transfert

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A court’s authority to hear a wide range of cases, civil or criminal, that arise within its geographic area.  2, record 34, English, - general%20jurisdiction

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Involving the European Parliament in the decision making process and giving the European Court of Justice general jurisdiction over these policies is vital to respecting democratic values and the rule of law.  3, record 34, English, - general%20jurisdiction

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La participation du Parlement européen au processus décisionnel et l'attribution à la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes d'une juridiction générale pour ces politiques joueraient un rôle primordial dans le respect des valeurs démocratiques et des règles de droit.  2, record 34, French, - juridiction%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In conveyances, mortgages and many other assurances of corporeal hereditaments, numerous words descriptive, not only of every kind of easement, privilege or appurtenance, supposed to be capable of belonging to the property assured, but also of portions of the soil, fixtures and produce of the land(as timber) were, prior to the "Conveyancing Act, "1881, added to the parcels or description of the property, and were called the "general words. "They were useful when there were any easements or privileges reputed to belong to the property, although not legally appurtenant to it, as they would not have passed with the property unless expressly mentioned. But with this exception the "general words" were as a rule unnecessary verbiage. [Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 856].  1, record 35, English, - general%20words

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

general words: term generally used in the plural.  2, record 35, English, - general%20words

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause complétive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 35, French, - clause%20compl%C3%A9tive

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

letters of administration with the will annexed; letters of administration with will annexed; letters of administration cum testamento annexo: terms usually used in the plural.  2, record 36, English, - grant%20of%20administration%20with%20the%20will%20annexed

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Where the deceased left a will, but there is no proving executor, a grant of administration "cum testamento annexo" is made. [Mellows, "The Law of Succession," 4th ed., 1983, p. 226].  1, record 36, English, - grant%20of%20administration%20with%20the%20will%20annexed

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If a will of the deceased exists, but no executors has been appointed, or the executor appointed predeceases the testator, or refuses or becomes incapable to act, the court will grant(as a general rule, to the person having the greatest interest under the will, e. g., the residuary legatee) letters of administration with the will annexed(cum testamento annexo), a grant which is similar to probate of the will.(Jowitt, p. 1084)  1, record 36, English, - grant%20of%20administration%20with%20the%20will%20annexed

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'équivalent français, l'adjectif «testamentaire» qualifie le mot «administration»; il ne prend pas la marque du pluriel.  1, record 36, French, - lettres%20d%27administration%20testamentaire

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

lettres d'administration testamentaire : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, record 36, French, - lettres%20d%27administration%20testamentaire

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 OBS

lettres d'administration testamentaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 36, French, - lettres%20d%27administration%20testamentaire

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Despite the personal character of the feudal bond, it appears to have become the general rule in the thirteenth century that tenants could alienate by substitution without their lords’ consent.("Megarry & Wade, "4th ed., 1975, p. 30)  1, record 37, English, - freedom%20of%20alienation

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principle of freedom of alienation eventually took hold and it was confirmed by the Statute "Quia Emptores" which permitted free alienation of land by substitution without the lord’s consent. (Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 45)  1, record 37, English, - freedom%20of%20alienation

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

liberté d'aliénation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  1, record 37, French, - libert%C3%A9%20d%27ali%C3%A9nation

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A "general boundary" means that the exact line of the boundary has been left undetermined-"as, for instance, whether it includes a hedge or wall and ditch, or runs along the centre of a wall or fence, or its inner or outer face, or how far it runs within or beyond it; or whether or not the land registered includes the whole or any portion of an adjoining road or stream. "... The general boundaries rule was not, in fact, an innovation but was the sensible reintroduction of a rule of law which had governed conveyancing in England for centuries.(Rowton Simpson, 1976, pp. 134-135).  1, record 38, English, - general%20boundary

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

general boundary : expression utilisée en Angleterre. Elle est presque toujours employée au pluriel.  1, record 38, French, - limite%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

limite générale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 38, French, - limite%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A "general boundary" means that the exact line of the boundary has been left undetermined-"as, for instance, whether it includes a hedge or wall and ditch, or runs along the centre of a wall or fence, or its inner or outer face, or how far it runs within or beyond it; or whether or not the land registered includes the whole or any portion of an adjoining road or stream. "... The general boundaries rule was not, in fact, an innovation but was the sensible reintroduction of a rule of law which had governed conveyancing in England for centuries. [Rowton Simpson, 1976, pp. 134-135].  1, record 39, English, - general%20boundaries%20rule

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

règle des limites générales : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 39, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20des%20limites%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Expression utilisée en Angleterre.  1, record 39, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20des%20limites%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The reduction of legacies for the purpose of paying the testator’s debts.  2, record 40, English, - abatement%20of%20legacies

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Abatement of legacies... When the estate is short of paying the debts and legacies, and there are general legacies and specific legacies, the rule is that the general legatees must abate proportionably in order to pay the debts...  2, record 40, English, - abatement%20of%20legacies

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution proportionnelle de chacun des legs de sommes d'argent prévus dans un testament afin de payer entièrement les dettes du testateur défunt et les droits de succession.  1, record 40, French, - r%C3%A9duction%20de%20legs

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prior to the enactment of s. 13 of the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act", whether, in a grant to two or more persons, the grantees took as joint tenants or as tenants in common depended, as a general rule, upon whether the grant contained "words of severance" : that is, words that indicated that the grantees were to take separate and distinct shares. Words of severance, typically included the following expressions :"in equal shares", "share and share alike", "to be divided between", and "equally".(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, 1982, p. 809).  1, record 41, English, - words%20of%20severance

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

words of severance: term used in the plural in this context.  2, record 41, English, - words%20of%20severance

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

termes de disjonction : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 41, French, - termes%20de%20disjonction

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

termes de disjonction : terme utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, record 41, French, - termes%20de%20disjonction

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, no interest in property is good unless it must vest if at all, not later than twenty-one years after some life in being at the creation of the interest, allowance being made for gestation only when it actually exists. The vesting required by the rule is of course vesting in interest, not vesting in possession.(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, p. 794)  1, record 42, English, - vesting

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dévolution : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 42, French, - d%C3%A9volution

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Want or Defect of Title. The general rule is that a purchaser, who discovers that his vendor does not have the title which he agreed to convey... has a legal as well as an equitable right... to repudiate and sue for a declaration of rescission and for the return of the money he has paid.(Di Castri, 2nd ed., 1976, p. 264).  1, record 43, English, - want%20of%20title

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

absence de titre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 43, French, - absence%20de%20titre

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Power to make a will. (Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 1322)  1, record 44, English, - testamentary%20power

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The general rule is clear that the testator in making his will must declare his wishes and not leave it in wide and uncertain terms to some one else to make a will for him. He must at least name the beneficiaries and cannot leave it to his trustees or anyone else to select the beneficiaries for him. This principle is sometimes expressed that a testator cannot delegate his testamentary power.(Williams "Law Relating to Wills", 4th ed., 1974, p. 63)  1, record 44, English, - testamentary%20power

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pouvoir de tester : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 44, French, - pouvoir%20de%20tester

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "survive" and its derivatives are, following the general rule, ordinarily given their strict and proper meaning and refer to the longest in duration of lives running concurrently. They may, however, refer not to concurrent lives, but to the fact of living after a named event or person.(Williams’ "Law relating to Wills", 5th ed., 1980, p. 551)  1, record 45, English, - survive

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équivalent se construira avec la préposition «à». Contrairement à l'anglais, le verbe «survivre» ne s'emploie plus à la forme transitive directe («survivre quelqu'un»).  1, record 45, French, - survivre

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

survivre : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 45, French, - survivre

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Copyholds, which were abolished by the Law of Property Act, 1922, were not, as a general rule, alienable by any of the common law assurances. The principal mode of aliening copyholds was by surrender.(Jowitt, p. 1732)  1, record 46, English, - surrender

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

résignation : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, record 46, French, - r%C3%A9signation

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(The rule in "Re Hutchinson's Trusts") applies in general where the gift to the second takers, being issue of the first takers, can fairly be construed as a gift to them "per stirpes".... [I] ts application is not imperative where the second takers are either not issue of the first takers at all or, being such issue, the gift in their favour is, on construction, a gift to them "per capita";...(Theobald on Wills, 14th ed., 1982, p. 538)  1, record 47, English, - second%20taker

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

second bénéficiaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 47, French, - second%20b%C3%A9n%C3%A9ficiaire

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This phenomenon, which came to be known as "double exequatur, "was a strange exception to the general rule applicable to recognition and enforcement of state court judgments...  1, record 48, English, - double%20exequatur

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is generally recognized that only a foreign judgment on the merits of the case can be the subject matter of an exequatur decision in Germany, but not a foreign exequatur judgment.  1, record 48, English, - double%20exequatur

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Allant au-delà des acquis antérieurs, la Convention supprime l'exigence implicite de la double exequatur (une dans le pays d'origine de la sentence et l'autre dans le pays d'accueil) qui figurait dans les textes antérieurs.  1, record 48, French, - double%20exequatur

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Disclaimer of onerous gifts. Where there are two(or more) gifts to the same beneficiary, one onerous and the other beneficial, the question has in some cases arisen whether he is bound to take all or none, or whether he can elect to take the beneficial and reject the onerous gift. The general rule is that where several independent gifts are made to the same beneficiary, he may reject the onerous gifts without forfeiting the others.("Theobald on Wills", 14th ed., 1982, p. 134)  1, record 49, English, - onerous%20gift

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

legs onéreux : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 49, French, - legs%20on%C3%A9reux

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where there are both a particular description, as by metes and bounds, or by courses and distances, and a general descriptive designation, the latter, as a rule, yields to the former.(11 "Corpus Juris Secundum", pp. 563-564)  1, record 50, English, - particular%20description

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

However, the rule is merely one of construction, applied in order to arrive at the intention of the grantor, and in all cases the intention of the parties as gathered from a consideration of the whole instrument is of controlling authority; and such construction will be given it as will, if possible, satisfy each of the several descriptions. Accordingly, the general rule first stated has no application where the general description can be harmonized with the particular...(11 "Corpus Juris Secundum", pp. 563-564)  1, record 50, English, - particular%20description

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

description particulière : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 50, French, - description%20particuli%C3%A8re

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until a registrable interest has been registered, it is only a minor interest... and so liable to be void against a transferee for value.... The general rule is that a transferee of registered land for valuable consideration will take it free of any minor interest which have not been protected by an appropriate entry on the register whether or not he knows of the interest.(Holdsworth, Land Law", 1927, p. 457).  1, record 51, English, - minor%20interest

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt mineur : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 51, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20mineur

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 OBS

intérêt mineur : terme utilisé en Angleterre.  1, record 51, French, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20mineur

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept of limitation must be contrasted with the concept of prescription. The former was unknown to the common law and is wholly a creature of statute. The latter was a common law rule of evidence based on the presumption of lost modern grant. The former abolishes stale or obsolete claims and operates in a negative fashion. The latter creates or establishes rights in land such as easements and operates in a positive fashion. (Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 1496).  1, record 52, English, - limitation

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Statutes of Limitation are generally regarded as a means of protecting the defendant against a stale or unjust claim. Except in actions chiefly concerned with real property, in which, by the judicial interpretation of the limitation provisions applicable thereto, it has been held that the lapse of the statutory period operates to extinguish the right, "The Limitations Act" operates merely as a bar to the remedy by proceedings in the courts. Except where the statute by its terms absolutely extinguishes the debt or demand itself, the general rule with respect to debts, or more money demands is that statutes of limitation are regarded as barring the remedy, and not as extinguishing the cause of action.("C. E. D. "(Ont., 2nd), Vol. 13, p. 5).  1, record 52, English, - limitation

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prescription extinctive; prescription : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 52, French, - prescription%20extinctive

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La distinction entre «limitation» et «prescription» est exprimée en français par les adjectifs «extinctif» et «acquisitif». L'expression «prescription extinctive» peut toutefois s'abréger en «prescription» lorsque le contexte le permet.  1, record 52, French, - prescription%20extinctive

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In addition to the terms which the parties have expressly adopted, there may be other terms imported into the contract, these latter being generally known as implied terms, though this nomenclature is misleading in that it covers a number of dissimilar notions. As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.... Even where a term may not be logically implied from the words used, the law admits of certain other terms to be implied as follows :(1) terms which the parties probably had in mind but did not express;(2) terms which the parties, whether or not they actually had them in mind, would probably have expressed if the question had been brought to their attention; and(3) terms that, whether or not the parties had them in mind or would have expressed them if they had foreseen the difficulty, are implied rules of law.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, record 53, English, - implied%20term

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause implicite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 53, French, - clause%20implicite

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule the evidence of user necessary to induce the court to presume a lost modern grant must be stronger than that upon which the court will presume a grant upon immemorial user, for where the party opposing the claim shows that the user did not at one time exist, the presumption of a modern grant becomes a more violent inference than the presumption of an ancient grant based upon immemorial user.(Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 14, p. 46)  1, record 54, English, - immemorial%20user

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

usage immémorial : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 54, French, - usage%20imm%C3%A9morial

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the assets are insufficient, general legacies... abate proportionately between themselves... ;but this rule does not operate in favour of a residuary legatee, even though no residue will be left after payment of the other general legatees.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 4)  1, record 55, English, - general%20legatee

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

légataire général : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 55, French, - l%C3%A9gataire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, record 56, English, - express%20term

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Leaving aside the possibility of implied terms, there may be express oral terms, for most contracts may be made wholly or partly by word of mouth... (9 Hals., 4th, p. 223)  1, record 56, English, - express%20term

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause expresse : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 56, French, - clause%20expresse

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Exclusive possession (is) an exclusive dominion over land and an appropriation of it to one’s own use and benefit. Possession of land by a claimant for himself, as his own, and not for another. (Ballentine’s, 3rd ed., 1969, p. 430)  1, record 57, English, - exclusive%20possession

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general rule for distinguishing a lease from a license is... that a lease gives the right to exclusive possession of the land, whereas a licence usually does not. Examples of licences are-the hire of a concert hall for several days without the hirer being entitled to exclusive possession....(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, pp. 776-7)  1, record 57, English, - exclusive%20possession

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La notion que désigne ce terme s'applique également aux biens personnels.  1, record 57, French, - possession%20exclusive

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 2 OBS

possession exclusive : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 57, French, - possession%20exclusive

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

English law does recognise one exception to the general rule that the servient owner is under no duty to repair in the case of the easement of fencing, a peculiarity which has led to that easement being described as "spurious".(Jackson, 1978, p. 64).  1, record 58, English, - easement%20of%20fencing

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

servitude de clôture : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 58, French, - servitude%20de%20cl%C3%B4ture

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 59,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In English law, a promise is not, as a general rule, binding as a contract unless it is either made under seal or supported by some "consideration". The purpose of the doctrine of consideration is to put some legal limit on the enforceability of agreements even where they are intended to be legally binding and are not vitiated by some factor such as mistake, misrepresentation, duress or illegality.... The present position therefore is that English law limits the enforceability of agreements not under seal by reference to a complex and multifarious body of rules known as "the doctrine of consideration. "(Chitty on Contracts, 26th ed., 1989, Vol I, pp. 105-106).  1, record 59, English, - doctrine%20of%20consideration

Record 59,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de la contrepartie : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 59, French, - doctrine%20de%20la%20contrepartie

Record 59,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 60,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrary to the general rule regarding the interpretation of the term "issue", the better view of the law is that the term, as used in the antilapse sections, does not include a child en ventre sa mère at the time of the death of the donee or beneficiary. By legislation in all provinces it does include an adopted child and a legitimated child. In some provinces, by more recent legislation, "issue" also includes an illegitimate child.(Feeney, 2nd, vol. I, p. 114)  1, record 60, English, - child%20en%20ventre%20sa%20m%C3%A8re

Record 60,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enfant conçu : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 60, French, - enfant%20con%C3%A7u

Record 60,  Textual support,  Spanish