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GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY [4 records]

Record 1 2024-05-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

A production system is a human or computer system that has a data base of production rules and some control mechanism that selects applicable production rules in an effort to reach some goal state.

CONT

A key notion in the Newell-Simon scheme is the production system, in which an operation will be carried out if a certain specific condition is met. Programs consist of long sequences of such production systems operating on the data base. As described by the theorists, the production system is kind of a computational stimulus-response link; so long as the stimuli(or conditions) are appropriate, the response(or production) will be executed. In the course of developing the General Problem Solver, Simon and Newell have propounded a perspective on artificial intelligence, a theory of thinking, and an agenda for future research.

CONT

A set of production rules (which is called a production system) can be interpreted in two distinct ways. ... One way to interpret a production system is to work through the rules one by one until a rule is found for which the condition ... is true. ... Alternatively, the production system could be "run backwards", with the rules being run from "right to left".

OBS

A production system is a rule- based system. Computer scientists also call these systems general rewrite systems. Each rule is matched to the input, and the rules that apply rewrite the input according the action part of these rules.

OBS

production system: Term standardized by ISO/IEC.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Système expert ayant adopté la représentation par règles de production [...] pour modéliser le comportement humain ou pour bâtir des bases de connaissances.

DEF

[système] constitué de trois parties : une base de faits, une base de règles de production et un moteur d'inférence.

OBS

système de production : Terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2004-07-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physics
CONT

The study of non-equilibrium phenomena in physical, chemical, biological and other systems, as well as the attempt to develop a general theory for these, are now parts of a new, rapidly growing field of research typically called "complexity".

OBS

The plural form of "phenomenon" is "phenomena".

PHR

Non-equilibrium phenomena in biology, complex materials, engineering, fluid mixtures, liquid crystals, polymer systems, quantum domain, science, statistical physics, superconductors.

Key term(s)
  • non-equilibrium phenomena
  • nonequilibrium phenomena
  • non equilibrium phenomena
  • non equilibrium phenomenon
  • nonequilibrium phenomenon

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique
CONT

Équilibre stable et turbulences; jusqu'au XXe siècle, la physique s'était intéressée aux lois qui gouvernaient les états d'équilibres, considérant les phénomènes hors de l'équilibre comme dissipatifs (entropie); plus récemment, une nouvelle tradition s'est intéressé aux phénomènes d'ordre loin de l'équilibre (Prigogine, Maturana).

CONT

L'option Phénomènes hors d'équilibre se rapporte à des milieux gazeux. Il est donc préférable de la renommer Milieux gazeux hors-équilibre pour éviter une confusion avec les milieux traités dans l'option actuelle «Phénomènes hors-équilibre» du DEA «Systèmes Complexes».

Key term(s)
  • phénomène hors équilibre

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 1998-07-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Management Theory
DEF

Management characterized by an overall application of General Systems Theory; Open Systems Theory; Systems Theory and an eclectic, interdisciplinary approach to planning, organizing, directing and controlling the harmonious relationships among intra and inter-organizational systems, and environmental conditions, values, resources and processes.

CONT

... focus on expenditure management at the macro level with the primary emphasis on major statutory expenditures, debt management, the financial policy framework, and guidelines for loan and guarantee programs and Crown corporation borrowings.

Key term(s)
  • macro-management

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories de la gestion
CONT

[...] s'occuper de la macrogestion des dépenses en insistant particulièrement sur les grandes dépenses législatives, la gestion de la dette, [...]

Key term(s)
  • macro-gestion

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías de la gestión
Key term(s)
  • macro-gestión
Save record 3

Record 4 1992-03-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Human Behaviour
CONT

Control theory is based on the premise that regardless of the circumstances all our behaviour is our best attempt to satisfy the forces that drive us- our basic needs.

CONT

Control theory is the most recent in a succession of names for the developing body of theory based up on a feedback-system paradigm. Other names are cybernetic-psychology, general feedback theory of human behavior, or simply, systems theory psychology.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comportement humain

Spanish

Save record 4

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