TERMIUM Plus^®

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Theoretical computer science(TCS) [is] a subset of general computer science and mathematics that focuses on more mathematical topics of computing and includes the theory of computation.  3, record 1, English, - theoretical%20computer%20science

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L'informatique théorique est un sous-domaine de l'informatique qui se concentre sur les aspects mathématiques de l'informatique et inclut la théorie du calcul.  2, record 1, French, - informatique%20th%C3%A9orique

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A production system is a human or computer system that has a data base of production rules and some control mechanism that selects applicable production rules in an effort to reach some goal state.  4, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A key notion in the Newell-Simon scheme is the production system, in which an operation will be carried out if a certain specific condition is met. Programs consist of long sequences of such production systems operating on the data base. As described by the theorists, the production system is kind of a computational stimulus-response link; so long as the stimuli(or conditions) are appropriate, the response(or production) will be executed. In the course of developing the General Problem Solver, Simon and Newell have propounded a perspective on artificial intelligence, a theory of thinking, and an agenda for future research.  5, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A set of production rules (which is called a production system) can be interpreted in two distinct ways. ... One way to interpret a production system is to work through the rules one by one until a rule is found for which the condition ... is true. ... Alternatively, the production system could be "run backwards", with the rules being run from "right to left".  6, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A production system is a rule- based system. Computer scientists also call these systems general rewrite systems. Each rule is matched to the input, and the rules that apply rewrite the input according the action part of these rules.  3, record 2, English, - production%20system

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production system: Term standardized by ISO/IEC.  7, record 2, English, - production%20system

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Système expert ayant adopté la représentation par règles de production [...] pour modéliser le comportement humain ou pour bâtir des bases de connaissances.  4, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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[système] constitué de trois parties : une base de faits, une base de règles de production et un moteur d'inférence.  5, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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système de production : Terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.  6, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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... for many years the ether theory of light has found general acceptance, and up to about twenty-five years ago practically all of the known phenomena of light, electricity and magnetism were explained on the basis of this theory.  2, record 3, English, - ether%20theory

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The general theory of structures is based on a static calculation, which means to say that both the structure and the loads acting on it are at rest, or may simulate this condition because they act slowly. But the structure and load acting on it cannot always be deemed to be at rest, because the dynamic effect of forces may cause accelerations in it, which lead to failure. Wind and earthquakes are forces with a significant dynamic effect on bridges but it must also be borne in mind that traffic loads are moving and, in fact, the dynamic effect of these loads are taken into account via impact factors...  2, record 4, English, - traffic%20load

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traffic load: designation usually used in the plural.  3, record 4, English, - traffic%20load

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charge de roulage : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 4, French, - charge%20de%20roulage

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The Big Crunch is one of the scenarios predicted by scientists in which the Universe may end. Just like many others, it is based on Einstein's theory of general relativity. That is, if the Big Bang describes how the Universe most possibly began, the Big Crunch describes how it will end as a consequence of that beginning.  3, record 5, English, - Big%20Crunch

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A theoretically deduced particle postulated as the quantum of the gravitational field, having a rest mass and charge of zero and a spin of 2.  2, record 6, English, - graviton

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Many physicists assume that gravitons exist, but few think that we will ever see them. These hypothetical elementary particles are a cornerstone of theories of quantum gravity, which seek to unify Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics. But they are notoriously hard — perhaps impossible — to observe in nature.  3, record 6, English, - graviton

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[A] theory that attempts to merge quantum mechanics with Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.  2, record 7, English, - string%20theory

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String theory is one of the proposed methods for producing a theory of everything, a model that describes all known particles and forces and that would supersede the standard model of physics, which can explain everything except gravity.  3, record 7, English, - string%20theory

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Théorie qui cherche à unifier la mécanique quantique et la relativité générale.  2, record 7, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20cordes

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On comprend qu'une théorie qui unifierait le modèle standard et la relativité générale, et qui expliquerait les quatre forces, constituerait dès lors une sorte de graal de la physique – on en parle même parfois comme d'une théorie du tout. Telle est précisément l'ambition de la théorie des cordes.  3, record 7, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20cordes

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The existence of composite systems assigned quantum states that cannot be recovered from the quantum states of the constituents of the system.  2, record 8, English, - quantum%20nonseparability

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There are difficult questions about the correct formal structure for quantum theory in general, and how to characterize non-separability in particular, but it remains a core feature of any quantum theory that some states will have this character.  2, record 8, English, - quantum%20nonseparability

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Le paradoxe EPR [Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen] nous oblige ainsi à introduire un nouveau concept : la non-séparabilité. Les particules ne peuvent pas toujours être décrites comme des entités totalement indépendantes, mais doivent parfois être considérées comme des éléments d'un tout.  1, record 8, French, - non%2Ds%C3%A9parabilit%C3%A9%20quantique

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Physical theory incorporating both the principles of general relativity and quantum theory.  1, record 9, English, - quantum%20gravity

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Insofar as all extant physical theories rely on a classical (non-quantum) spacetime background, this presents not only extreme technical difficulties, but also profound methodological and ontological challenges for the philosopher and the physicist.  1, record 9, English, - quantum%20gravity

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Théorie de la gravitation quantique cherchant à unifier la relativité générale d'Einstein et la physique quantique dans un même cadre théorique.  1, record 9, French, - gravit%C3%A9%20quantique

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L’originalité de la gravité quantique consiste à prendre au sérieux la révo­lution conceptuelle inaugurée par la relativité générale quant à nos conceptions de l’espace et du temps.  2, record 9, French, - gravit%C3%A9%20quantique

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The Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society is Canada’s principal society for engineering in medicine and biology. It is a member of [the] Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC) and affiliated with the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE).  3, record 10, English, - Canadian%20Medical%20and%20Biological%20Engineering%20Society

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Mission. To advance and promote the theory and practice of engineering sciences and technology to medicine and biology, serving as a forum for information exchange between healthcare professionals, scientists, and the general public.  3, record 10, English, - Canadian%20Medical%20and%20Biological%20Engineering%20Society

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La Société canadienne de génie biomédical (SCGB) est la principale association canadienne dédiée à la pratique du génie appliqué à la médecine et à la biologie.  3, record 10, French, - Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20canadienne%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20biom%C3%A9dical

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The Northern Finance Association has had... annual fall forums at which finance academics, professionals, and PhD students from throughout North America and around the world gather to hear and present the latest research in all areas of finance. These areas include : asset pricing, arbitrage, behavioural finance, corporate finance, corporate governance, derivatives, emerging markets, financial development, financial institutions, finance theory, financial regulation, international finance, market efficiency, market microstructure, mathematical finance, real estate finance, and other papers of general interest.  3, record 11, English, - Northern%20Finance%20Association

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La Northern Finance Association (NFA) tient [...] un forum annuel automnal qui permet aux professeurs, professionnels et étudiants de doctorat en finance de l'Amérique du Nord et du reste du monde de se regrouper pour entendre et présenter les dernières recherches dans tous les domaines de la finance. Ces domaines incluent : évaluation des actifs, arbitrage, finance comportementale, finance corporative, gouvernance d'entreprise, produits dérivés, marchés émergents, développement financier, institutions financières, théorie financière, règlementation financière, finance internationale, efficience des marchés, microstructure des marchés, finance mathématique, finance immobilière, et autres sujets d"intérêt général.  3, record 11, French, - Northern%20Finance%20Association

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A problem dealing with content and not related to the life experience of the individual.  2, record 12, English, - abstract%20problem

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An abstract problem is defined as a general theoretical construct by making abstractions and explicit assumptions about a number of abstract objects, and it is solved in theory by finding an appropriate inference method.  3, record 12, English, - abstract%20problem

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Theory and practice of arithmetic operations that uses symbols, especially letters, to represent unknown variables in equations.  2, record 13, English, - algebra

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In general, algebra is the theory of multiplication and addition;(...)  3, record 13, English, - algebra

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Science qui utilise les règles opératoires [opérations] sur des nombres réels ou des nombres complexes qui peuvent être représentés par des lettres.  2, record 13, French, - alg%C3%A8bre

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Hicks-Hansen diagrams synthesize classical and depression poles.  1, record 14, English, - Hicks%2DHansen%20diagram

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The Hicks-Hansen diagram not only succeeds in synthesizing fiscal and monetary policy, the theory of income determination and the theory of money; in addition it helps synthesize the monetarist and Keynesian theories of macroeconomics by providing a definite and general theory of the velocity of money.  1, record 14, English, - Hicks%2DHansen%20diagram

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Sometimes the "depression pole" is called the "Keynesian model", but most authorities agree that this is bad terminology, since Keynes’ General Theory covered all cases from the beginning and not merely that of the Great Depression.  1, record 15, English, - depression%20model

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Sometimes the "depression model" is called the "Keynesian model, "but most authorities agree that this is bad terminology, since Keynes’ General Theory covered all cases from the beginning and not merely that of the Great Depression.  2, record 16, English, - General%20Theory%20of%20Employment%2C%20Interest%20and%20Money

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Teoría general: forma abreviada de hacer referencia a la obra cumbre de J. M. Keynes. Publicada en 1936 con el título de "teoría general de la ocupación, el interés y el dinero", constitutiva de una serie crítica a la Escuela Neoclásica que presumía el equilibrio del sistema en régimen de pleno empleo. Cuando lo normal, según Keynes, es el paro y las posibilidades de depresión (como la que se daba a escala mundial cuando publicó su libro), frente a la cual sólo cabe combatir con inversiones, aunque sea sobre la base de la financiación con déficit. Se la tiene por el fundamento del keynesianismo.  1, record 16, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20general%20de%20la%20ocupaci%C3%B3n%2C%20el%20inter%C3%A9s%20y%20el%20dinero

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[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad.  2, record 16, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20general%20de%20la%20ocupaci%C3%B3n%2C%20el%20inter%C3%A9s%20y%20el%20dinero

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The hypothetical number of years spent in perfect health which could be considered equivalent to the actual number of years spent in a defined imperfect state of health.  3, record 17, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

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To overcome the shortcomings of the QALY [quality-adjusted life year]... propose a measure which does not constrain the relationship between quality and quantity and claim that it truly reflects a person's preferences over quantity and quality of life while retaining the intuitive appeal of the concept of the year in full health.... it is more consistent with EUT [expected utility theory] and hence with individuals’ preferences. To distinguish it from the QALY they have named their new measure the healthy year equivalent(HYE). It involves the valuation of whole health profiles, which vary in terms of the sequence and duration of health states. This is a more general measure of preferences than the QALY since it makes fewer assumptions.  5, record 17, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

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healthy-years equivalent; HYE: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  6, record 17, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

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Nombre hypothétique d’années en parfaite santé qui pourrait être considéré comme l’équivalent du nombre réel d’années passées dans un état de santé imparfait déterminé.  2, record 17, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

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Le système QALY [quality-adjusted life year] est la méthode la plus utilisée pour la mesure tant de la qualité que de la quantité de vie, mais il en existe d'autres : deux des mieux connus se nomment : équivalent d'années en bonne santé [...] et équivalent de vie sauvée chez un jeune [...]  3, record 17, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

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équivalent d'années en bonne santé : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  4, record 17, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

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The rights thesis "condemns the practice of making decisions that seem right in isolation, but cannot be brought within some comprehensive theory of general principles and policies that is consistent with other decisions also thought right. "("Lloyd's Introduction to Jurisprudence", 5th ed., 1985, p. 1125).  1, record 18, English, - theory

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théorie : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - th%C3%A9orie

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[A theorical framework stating that] cognitive processes are deeply rooted in the body’s interactions with the world.  2, record 19, English, - embodied%20cognition

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Embodied cognition... The general theory contends that cognitive processes develop when a tightly coupled system emerges from real-time, goal-directed interactions between organisms and their environment; the nature of these interactions influences the formation and further specifies the nature of the developing cognitive capacities.  3, record 19, English, - embodied%20cognition

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[Cadre théorique qui propose que] la cognition est une activité qui est structurée par le corps et le contexte dans lequel il se situe.  3, record 19, French, - cognition%20incarn%C3%A9e

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Of a chemical species that has the properties of a base.  2, record 20, English, - basic

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A base in chemistry is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions or more generally, donate electron pairs. A soluble base is referred to as an alkali if it contains and releases hydroxide ions(OH−) quantitatively. The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines bases as proton(hydrogen ion) acceptors, while the more general Lewis theory defines bases as electron pair donors, allowing other Lewis acids than protons to be included.  3, record 20, English, - basic

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Se dit des substances pouvant libérer des anions OH^-.  2, record 20, French, - basique

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L'adjectif basique est correctement utilisé en français pour désigner un sel basique qui peut formellement libérer un anion OH^-. Il est fortement déconseillé de l'utiliser en français dans le cas d'un sel acide contenant un ou plusieurs cations H⁺; on doit donc éviter les noms tels que «phosphate de sodium dibasique» et «phosphate basique de disodium» qui sont des anglicismes de mauvais aloi.  3, record 20, French, - basique

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Study of the rate at which a reaction proceeds and of the reaction mechanism, the intermediate steps constituting the overall reaction. The reaction rate is the rate of change of the concentrations of a reactant or product expressed in moles per liter per second (mol/1-sec.). It varies with temperature, and the presence (or absence) of catalyst, and the concentration of one or more products or other molecular species. When these conditions are fixed, it is equal to the rate constant for the reaction multiplied by the product of the concentration of the reactants, with each concentration raised to a specific power.  1, record 21, English, - kinetics

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In 1913 a general theory of enzyme action and kinetics was developed by L. Michaelis and M. L. Menten, which was later extended by G. E. Briggs and J. B. S. Haldane. This theory, which is basic to the quantitative analysis of all aspects of enzyme kinetics and inhibition, is best developed for the simple case of a reaction in which there is only one substrate.  2, record 21, English, - kinetics

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Branche de la physique qui étudie l'évolution des systèmes et de leur composition dans le temps, en particulier, celle des réactions.  2, record 21, French, - cin%C3%A9tique

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En un sens, la cinétique chimique regroupe tous les travaux ayant pour finalité de décrire qualitativement ou quantitativement l'évolution des systèmes chimiques, de comprendre le mécanisme selon lequel, au niveau de la molécule, s'opère le réarrangement des liaisons chimiques qui conditionne la réaction, d'expliciter les forces motrices ou antagonistes qui déterminent cette évolution.  3, record 21, French, - cin%C3%A9tique

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Le domaine d'application de la cinétique s'étend à toute évolution de la matière, qu'elle soit très lente ou très rapide, mettant en cause des modifications d'espèces chimiques au sein de celles-ci.  3, record 21, French, - cin%C3%A9tique

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ethno-: race, people, cultural group.  2, record 22, English, - ethnosemiotics

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semiotics : a general philosophical theory of signs and symbols that deals esp. with their functions in both artificially constructed and natural languages and comprises the three branches of syntactics, semantics and pragmatics.  2, record 22, English, - ethnosemiotics

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Spécialité qui étudie les systèmes de communication en relation avec les sciences telles que l'anthropologie et l'ethnographie.  2, record 22, French, - ethnos%C3%A9miotique

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... a polymer of three or more different monomers.  2, record 23, English, - multimer

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A molecular aggregate held together by noncovalent bonds.  3, record 23, English, - multimer

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A Statistical Thermodynamic Study on the Conformational Transition of Oligopeptide Multimer.... In this study we propose a general theory of conformational transitions of oligopeptides in which dimer, trimer, or higher multimer coexists.  4, record 23, English, - multimer

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La protéine kinase ATM, dont les mutations sont associées à l'ataxie-télangiectasie, contrôle les réponses cellulaires aux radiations ionisantes. L'ATM est maintenu inactif dans les cellules non irradiées sous la forme de dimère ou de multimère, avec son domaine kinase fixé sur la région entourant la sérine en position 1981.  2, record 23, French, - multim%C3%A8re

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The study of non-equilibrium phenomena in physical, chemical, biological and other systems, as well as the attempt to develop a general theory for these, are now parts of a new, rapidly growing field of research typically called "complexity".  1, record 24, English, - non%2Dequilibrium%20phenomenon

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The plural form of "phenomenon" is "phenomena".  2, record 24, English, - non%2Dequilibrium%20phenomenon

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Non-equilibrium phenomena in biology, complex materials, engineering, fluid mixtures, liquid crystals, polymer systems, quantum domain, science, statistical physics, superconductors.  2, record 24, English, - non%2Dequilibrium%20phenomenon

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Équilibre stable et turbulences; jusqu'au XXe siècle, la physique s'était intéressée aux lois qui gouvernaient les états d'équilibres, considérant les phénomènes hors de l'équilibre comme dissipatifs (entropie); plus récemment, une nouvelle tradition s'est intéressé aux phénomènes d'ordre loin de l'équilibre (Prigogine, Maturana).  1, record 24, French, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne%20hors%20de%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

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L'option Phénomènes hors d'équilibre se rapporte à des milieux gazeux. Il est donc préférable de la renommer Milieux gazeux hors-équilibre pour éviter une confusion avec les milieux traités dans l'option actuelle «Phénomènes hors-équilibre» du DEA «Systèmes Complexes».  2, record 24, French, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne%20hors%20de%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

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An estoppel arising from sworn statements made in the course of judicial proceedings.  2, record 25, English, - judicial%20estoppel

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The general theory of judicial estoppel or estoppel by oath is that a party is bound by his judicial declarations and may not contradict them in a subsequent action involving the same parties if one party has changed position in reliance on such declarations.  3, record 25, English, - judicial%20estoppel

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percolation theory, the theory of the properties of classical particles interacting with a random medium, is of wide applicability and provides a simple picture exhibiting critical behaviour... In this review the concepts of percolation theory and the general features associated with the critical region about the onset of percolation are developed in detail.  2, record 26, English, - percolation

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Dans la percolation, les liaisons valent (+1) ou (0); dans la frustration, les liaisons valent (+1) ou (-1). En général, dans un matériau magnétique désordonné, les deux effets seront mélangés: l'effet de percolation, c'est l'apparition d'amas isolés par la déconnexion progressive du réseau.  2, record 26, French, - percolation

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Record 27,  Textual support,  English

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Thurstone factor-analyzed intelligence tests and tests of perception. In the area of intelligence, his theory was that intelligence is made up of several primary mental abilities rather than a general and several specific factors. He was among the first to propose and demonstrate that there are numerous ways in which a person can be intelligent.  1, record 27, English, - primary%20mental%20abilities

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[...] selon Thurstone, les aptitudes mentales primaires, relativement indépendantes, identifiées par analyse factorielle, constituent l'intelligence.  1, record 27, French, - aptitudes%20mentales%20primaires

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The relationship between specimen length torque and angular deflection. The behaviour of specimens of different material and sections. General torsion theory.  2, record 28, English, - angular%20deflection

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

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J. A. Lipa, "An Unconventional Gyroscope for Testing Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. "  1, record 29, English, - unconventional%20gyroscope

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Normally, the classical gyroscope consists of a gyroscopic element (the rotor) suspended by a gimbal structure within a case.  3, record 29, English, - unconventional%20gyroscope

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Les gyroscopes classiques ont encore bien d'autres applications. [...] Gyroscopes non classiques. Gyroscope électrostatique [...] Gyromètres lasers [...] Gyroscope cryogénique [...] Gyroscope nucléaire.  1, record 29, French, - gyroscope%20non%20classique

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le gyrolaser, contrairement au gyroscope mécanique, ne comporte aucune pièce mobile, et s'affranchit donc des erreurs dues aux frottements et aux défauts des liaisons mécaniques. Ainsi son facteur d'échelle k_g est inférieur à 10^-5 contre 10^-3 pour le gyroscope classique.  2, record 29, French, - gyroscope%20non%20classique

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Within the general theory of motivation it is suggested that, when a motive is activated, a belief-value matrix within the individual is called on. The matrix is believed to contain images of objects that past experience has proved to be relevant for the satisfaction of the aroused need and that different objects will have different values associated with them relating to the believed level of success they will have in satisfying the person's need.  1, record 30, English, - belief%2Dvalue%20matrix

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Natural law(or law of nature). The belief in natural law and natural law theories has been one of the most ancient and persistent themes in philosophy, and in legal history and theory. In general, it denotes belief in a system of right or justice common to all men prescribed by the supreme controlling force in the universe and distinct from positive law, law laid down by any particular state or other human organization. The starting points of all natural law thinking have been "reason" and "the nature of man". But there have always been disagreements about the meaning of natural law and its relation to positive law.  4, record 31, English, - natural%20law

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

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Le droit des gens peut être conçu, soit comme étant l'expression de la justice appliquée aux rapports internationaux, soit comme étant l'ensemble des règles qui, à un moment donné, sont effectivement en vigueur entre des États donnés. Dans le premier cas on est en présence du droit naturel, que l'on appelle aussi droit idéal, nécessaire, rationnel, primitif ou objectif. Dans le second cas on est en présence du droit positif, effectif ou établi. Cette distinction, qui n'est pas propre au droit international, y a une importance particulière pour des raisons d'ordre historique et technique : l'effort doctrinal des théologiens d'une part, l'absence de législateur superétatique d'autre part, expliquent l'attitude fréquemment adoptée par les auteurs du droit international, volontiers enclins à faire appel aux principes du droit naturel pour compléter, amender ou interpréter les données du droit positif.  2, record 31, French, - droit%20naturel

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Primeros principios de lo justo y lo injusto, inspirados por la propia naturaleza.  1, record 31, Spanish, - derecho%20natural

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Management characterized by an overall application of General Systems Theory; Open Systems Theory; Systems Theory and an eclectic, interdisciplinary approach to planning, organizing, directing and controlling the harmonious relationships among intra and inter-organizational systems, and environmental conditions, values, resources and processes.  3, record 32, English, - macromanagement

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... focus on expenditure management at the macro level with the primary emphasis on major statutory expenditures, debt management, the financial policy framework, and guidelines for loan and guarantee programs and Crown corporation borrowings.  2, record 32, English, - macromanagement

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[...] s'occuper de la macrogestion des dépenses en insistant particulièrement sur les grandes dépenses législatives, la gestion de la dette, [...]  1, record 32, French, - macrogestion

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Record 33,  Textual support,  English

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Freudian theory is indeed an "intellectual flytrap", a general theory capable of explaining everything with built in devices for not allowing refutation.  1, record 33, English, - Freudian%20theory

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Dans la théorie freudienne, ce sont ces pensées inconscientes qui, transformées, apparaissent comme rêve à la conscience onirique ordinaire.  1, record 33, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20freudienne

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The idea of the capacity of a set was originally developed for treating electrostatic problems.... and extended to more general laws of attraction in... potential theory. It turns out that the Hausdorff dimension and the capacity of a set are related, and it is sometimes more convenient to use the latter concept when studying dimensional properties.  1, record 34, English, - capacity

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

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Vitesse de croissance du nombre de boules-unités de rayon donné, ou de cubes de côté uniforme, nécessaire à recouvrir un ensemble borné, à mesure que ce rayon décroît.  3, record 34, French, - indice%20de%20recouvrement

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La différence entre la dimension de Hausdorff et la densité logarithmique tient au fait que dans un cas on utilise des recouvrements par des boules égales, alors que dans l'autre, on autorise des recouvrements plus complexes. C. Tricot (1981) donne douze définitions possibles de la densité logarithmique.  3, record 34, French, - indice%20de%20recouvrement

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Any theory that attempts to express gravitational theory and electromagnetic theory within a single unified framework; usually, an attempt to generalize Einstein's general theory of relativity from a theory of gravitation alone to a theory of gravitation and classical electromagnetism.  2, record 35, English, - unified%20field%20theory

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Default if-then rules (axioms) and action operators which represent what is typically true in a real-world domain.  2, record 36, English, - domain%20theory

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The analytic approach... involves a two-step process. First, one uses the domain theory to construct an explanation.... The second step involves... finding the most general version of the existing proof consistent with the domain theory.  3, record 36, English, - domain%20theory

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L'apprentissage est ici analytique, puisqu'il repose largement sur une théorie du domaine.  1, record 36, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20domaine

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Control theory is based on the premise that regardless of the circumstances all our behaviour is our best attempt to satisfy the forces that drive us- our basic needs.  2, record 37, English, - control%20theory

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Control theory is the most recent in a succession of names for the developing body of theory based up on a feedback-system paradigm. Other names are cybernetic-psychology, general feedback theory of human behavior, or simply, systems theory psychology.  3, record 37, English, - control%20theory

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Just as the cell doctrine has proved central in biology, and germ theory is pivotal in the area of disease, so the concept of physical symbol system is deemed by Simon and Newell and their colleagues at Carnegie-Mellon as the core doctrine in the area of computer science. Proceeding in Boolean spirit, the job of the theorist is to identify that set of processes which operates on symbolic expressions in order to produce other expressions that create, modify, reproduce, and/or transform symbolic structures. A physical symbol system is necessary and sufficient to carry out intelligent actions; and, conversely, any system that exhibits general intelligence will prove upon analysis to be a physical symbol system. Such a system consists of a control, a memory, a set of operations, and input and output : its input consists of objects in certain locations; its processes are operations upon the input; its output is the modification or re-creation of objects in certain locations.  1, record 38, English, - physical%20symbol%20system

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

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Jeu d'entités (formes physiques) qui peuvent se manifester comme composantes d'un autre type d'entité (expression, structure de symboles). A chaque instant, le système contient un assemblage de ces structures et un ensemble de processus pour produire d'autres structures par création, modification, reproduction ou élimination. Dans le temps, le système est une machine qui produit un assemblage évolutif de structures de symboles. Selon l'hypothèse fondamentale de l'intelligence artificielle (Newell et Simons), cet assemblage possède les moyens nécessaires et suffisants pour une action intelligente.  1, record 38, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20symboles%20physiques

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Record 39,  Textual support,  English

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A cognitive model of learning used by J. Anderson to build ITS Systems in geometry, alzebra and LISP programming. This method involves a hypothesize-test-evalaute cycle.  3, record 39, English, - Adaptive%20Control%20of%20Thought%20theory

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anderson has been working for many years on ACT(Adaptive Control of Thought), a general theory of cognition with a particular emphasis on skill acquisition. As a recent version, ACT(ACT-star) has satisfied many of his initial ambitions, his group started a special interdisciplinary project involving both psychologists and computer scientists at C MU : the Advanced Computer Tutoring Project(ACTP).  1, record 39, English, - Adaptive%20Control%20of%20Thought%20theory

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In addition, we shall cast a first glance toward more general perspectives relative to one of the most active areas of physics, the theory of critical points. The best-known among them is the "point" on a temperature-pressure diagram that describes the physical conditions under which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases can coexist at equilibrium in a single physical system.  1, record 40, English, - theory%20of%20critical%20points

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VanLehn spends very little of his voluminous dissertation on demonstrating the coverage of his theory. Most of his effort goes into underlining its principled construction. First, he traces the performance of his model to a restricted set of sufficient principles, emphasizing that his design is transparent with respect to them. Second, he argues that these principles are necessary to the theory for empirical and explanatory adequacy by comparing them with potential competitors in what he calls competitive argumentation. In this context, it becomes essential to have well-defined processes by which modifications to the underlying principles propagate through the theory, via the kind of global constraints called entailments in REPAIR theory. VanLehn is now advocating his competitive argumentation as a general methodology for validating AI-based theories of human cognition(VanLehn et al., 1984). One of his central claims is that the contributions of a solid argumentation may well outlive the theory it was meant to support.  1, record 41, English, - competitive%20argumentation

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The chunking theory proposes that practice improves performance via the acquisition of knowledge about patterns in the task environment.  2, record 42, English, - chunking%20theory

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Theory which posits that chunking occurs continuously with experience; that it obeys some general laws for improving performance.  3, record 42, English, - chunking%20theory

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A general philosophical theory of signs and symbols that deals esp. with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages and comprises the three branches of syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics. WEBIN  2, record 43, English, - semiotics

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

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Théorie générale des signes et de leur articulation dans la pensée.  1, record 43, French, - s%C3%A9miotique

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Record 44,  Textual support,  English

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a theory asserting that the laws of physics are identical in all inertial frames. It follows that the speed of light cannot be different in different frames, even if they are in relative motion. Thus the speed of light is a universal constant. Special relativity predicts a number of effects such as time dilation, length contraction and mass increases.  1, record 44, English, - special%20theory%20of%20relativity

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The topics are beyond the scope of this book but it is worth mentioning that Einstein's theory of special relativity deals with inertial frames, while his theory of general relativity deals with accelerated frames.  1, record 44, English, - special%20theory%20of%20relativity

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Une théorie selon laquelle le temps n'est pas indépendant du mouvement relatif des observateurs à cause de la vitesse finie de la lumière, la même pour tous les observateurs. La masse n'est pas invariante et augmente avec la vitesse du corps.  1, record 44, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20relativit%C3%A9%20restreinte

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Sometimes the "depression model" is called the "Keynesian model", but most authorities agree that this is bad terminology, since Keynes’ General Theory covered all cases from the beginning and not merely that of the Great Depression.  1, record 45, English, - Keynesian%20model

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(...) [Schumpeter's] general theory does not specifically call for constant relative shares, a trendless profit rate, a constant capital-output ratio, or a trendless average propensity-to-consume-and-save, still all or any of these could be quite consistent with his general schema.  1, record 46, English, - propensity%2Dto%2Dconsume%2Dand%2Dsave

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Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish