TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The actual term "la logistique", translated in English to logistics, was coined from Maréchal Général de Logis(Quatermaster-General) by the foremost military theorist of the first half of the 19th century, Baron Antoine Henri Jomini. Based principally upon his war campaign experiences as a staff officer for Napoleon, Jomini wrote his "Précis de l'art de la guerre"(Summary of the Art of War) in 1836. [He divided] the art of war into five branches-strategy, grand tactics, logistics, engineering and minor tactics...  2, record 1, English, - grand%20tactics

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «logistique», traduit en anglais par l'expression «logistics», est introduit dans la langue par le principal théoricien militaire de la première moitié du 19e siècle, le baron Antoine Henri Jomini qui, pour ce faire, s'est inspiré du titre du Maréchal Général de Logis (Quartier-maître général). En 1836, Jomini publie un livre intitulé «Précis de l'art de la guerre» dans lequel il fait état de ses expériences de guerre en qualité d'officier d'état-major au service de Napoléon. Selon Jomini, l'art de la guerre comprend les cinq domaines suivants : la stratégie, la grande tactique, la logistique, le génie et la tactique de détail.  2, record 1, French, - grande%20tactique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The United Nations Children's Fund(UNICEF), originally known as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, was created by the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children and mothers in countries that had been devastated by World War II.  2, record 2, English, - United%20Nations%20Children%27s%20Fund

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In 1950, UNICEF’s mandate was extended to address the long-term needs of children and women in developing countries everywhere. In 1953, it became a permanent part of the United Nations System, and the words "international" and "emergency" were dropped from the organization’s name, though it retained the original acronym, "UNICEF".  2, record 2, English, - United%20Nations%20Children%27s%20Fund

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'UNICEF a été créé par l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies le 11 décembre 1946 à titre d'organisme temporaire sous le nom de «Fonds international des Nations Unies pour le secours de l'enfance» afin de venir en aide aux enfants des pays européens dévastés par la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. En 1953, l'UNICEF est devenu un organisme permanent des Nations Unies destiné à améliorer les conditions de vie des enfants en Asie, en Afrique, au Moyen-Orient et en Amérique latine. Son nom a alors été changé pour «Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance», mais l'acronyme «UNICEF» a été conservé.  3, record 2, French, - Fonds%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20pour%20l%27enfance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La mission de l'UNICEF auprès des enfants dans le monde entier n'est pas qu'une assertion morale; elle est codifiée dans la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant des Nations Unies, le traité des droits de l'homme le plus largement ratifié à l'échelle mondiale, adoptée par 193 pays, y compris le Canada.  3, record 2, French, - Fonds%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20pour%20l%27enfance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

UNICEF : acronyme qui provient de l'anglais «United Nations Children's Fund».  4, record 2, French, - Fonds%20des%20Nations%20Unies%20pour%20l%27enfance

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) es la agencia de las Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) enfocada en promover los derechos y el bienestar de todos los niños, niñas y adolescentes en México y en el mundo. Fue creado en 1946, para brindar ayuda urgente a los niños y niñas víctimas de las guerras.  4, record 2, Spanish, - Fondo%20de%20las%20Naciones%20Unidas%20para%20la%20Infancia

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia; UNICEF; Unicef: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que el acrónimo del "Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia", formado a partir del nombre inglés "United Nations Children's Fund", puede escribirse enteramente con mayúsculas ("UNICEF") o solo con mayúscula inicial ("Unicef").  5, record 2, Spanish, - Fondo%20de%20las%20Naciones%20Unidas%20para%20la%20Infancia

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... of precluding the wrongfulness of State conduct not in conformity with one of the rules of the law of war which impose limitations on the belligerents regarding the means and methods of conducting hostilities between them, the general purpose being to attenuate the rigours of war...  3, record 3, English, - law%20of%20war

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Necessity and proportionality have always been core principles of both branches of the jus belli principles that apply to both the authority to employ military force and the regulation of actual employment. However, in the jus ad bellum context, they have never before been viewed as principles to regulate operational and tactical execution. Instead, in that context they frame the legality of national or multinational resort to military force in self-defense. Once the decision is made to employ force pursuant to this authority, the jus in bello variant of these principles (necessity of the mission and proportionality of collateral damage) operate to regulate the application of combat power during mission execution (in other words, they provide the foundation for the regulation of the application of combat power in the context of the self-defense-justified mission).  4, record 3, English, - law%20of%20war

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The right to resort to war.  2, record 4, English, - jus%20ad%20bellum

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jus ad bellum refers to the conditions under which states may resort to war or to the use of armed force in general.  3, record 4, English, - jus%20ad%20bellum

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Necessity and proportionality have always been core principles of both branches of the jus belli principles that apply to both the authority to employ military force and the regulation of actual employment. However, in the jus ad bellum context, they have never before been viewed as principles to regulate operational and tactical execution. Instead, in that context they frame the legality of national or multinational resort to military force in self-defense. Once the decision is made to employ force pursuant to this authority, the jus in bello variant of these principles (necessity of the mission and proportionality of collateral damage) operate to regulate the application of combat power during mission execution (in other words, they provide the foundation for the regulation of the application of combat power in the context of the self-defense-justified mission).  4, record 4, English, - jus%20ad%20bellum

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le jus ad bellum (droit de faire la guerre) […]  1, record 4, French, - jus%20ad%20bellum

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Originally used in the 1990s, in the context of efforts at military transparency at the end of the cold war, the title has since been applied to conferences dealing with commercial aviation issues in general.  1, record 5, English, - Open%20Skies%20conference

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the standard service dress, in general issue since the first decade of the 20th century, was still the standard uniform of the Canadian Militia(soon to be renamed Canadian Army). In addition to the cap badge, collar badges also identified the wearer's regiment or corps. Some collar badges were issued in identical pairs, others in lefts and rights.  3, record 6, English, - collar%20badge

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Collar badges may be worn on collars or on lapels.  4, record 6, English, - collar%20badge

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

collar insignia; collar insignias: plural forms.  4, record 6, English, - collar%20badge

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Insignes de col. Le 12e Régiment blindé du Canada [...] est le seul régiment qui continue d'observer la tradition de porter, sur les cols de veston de son uniforme, les armoiries de sa ville d'origine (Trois-Rivières) comme emblème.  2, record 6, French, - insigne%20de%20col

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

insigne de col : désignation uniformisée par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  3, record 6, French, - insigne%20de%20col

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In general terms, WINTEX was to exercise and evaluate government and national military command procedures in a crisis scenario leading up to mobilization and limited nuclear war.  3, record 7, English, - Exercise%20WINTEX

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'exercice WINTEX visait en gros à appliquer et à évaluer les techniques de commandement du gouvernement et du commandement militaire national dans un scénario de crise menant à une mobilisation et à une guerre nucléaire limitée.  1, record 7, French, - exercice%20WINTEX

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Assistance Program for Demining in Central America was created by the Organization of American States in 1991, in response to requests by Central American countries affected by antipersonnel landmines(Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua). Since May 1995, the general coordination and supervision of the Assistance Program for Demining in Central America(PADCA by its initials in Spanish) has been provided by the Unit for the Promotion of Democracy(UPD), with the technical support of the Inter American Defense Board(IADB). The PADCA is a humanitarian program, which strives to restore public confidence and security to the citizenry and reduce the threat posed by landmines and other unexploded artifacts of war.  1, record 8, English, - Assistance%20Program%20for%20Demining%20in%20Central%20America

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme d'assistance au déminage en Amérique centrale (PADCA) a été lancé en 1991, suite à une requête d'assistance soumise par les pays de la région touchés par les mines antipersonnel. Depuis mai 1995, il incombe à l'Unité pour la promotion de la démocratie (UPD) du Secrétariat général de l'OEA [Organisation des États américains], d'assurer la coordination et la supervision du programme. Au nombre de ces responsabilités, figure d'un côté celle de veiller à ce que toutes les composantes du Programme (système d'évacuation et de soins médicaux d'urgence, équipement, nourriture, frais, assurances, etc) soient disponibles dans le lieu indiqué et accessibles avant la mise en route des opérations de déminage proprement dit.  1, record 8, French, - Programme%20d%27assistance%20au%20d%C3%A9minage%20en%20Am%C3%A9rique%20centrale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A solicitud de los países centroamericanos afectados por las minas antipersonal, el Programa de Asistencia para el Desminado en Centroamérica (PADCA) fue creado por la Organización de los Estados Americanos en el año 1991 (Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala y Nicaragua). A partir de mayo de 1995, la coordinación general y supervisión de dicho Programa ha sido responsabilidad de la Unidad para la Promoción de la Democracia (UPD), con la colaboración técnica de la Junta Interamericana de Defensa (JID). El PADCA tiene el sello distintivo de ser fundamentalmente un proyecto humanitario, porque trata de devolver la seguridad y la confianza a los ciudadanos, disminuir la amenaza y el peligro que representan los artefactos explosivos.  1, record 8, Spanish, - Programa%20de%20Asistencia%20para%20el%20Desminado%20en%20Centroam%C3%A9rica

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... when the Vietnam war caused a rise in spending that was not offset by determined tight-enough budgetary and Federal Reserve policy, there was a quickening in the rate of price inflation, a quickening that soon gave rise to wage increases that both reflected and aggravated the rise in the general price level.  2, record 9, English, - price%20inflation

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les économistes du secteur privé auprès desquels le ministère des Finances a mené une enquête au début de décembre 2013 s’attendent au renforcement de la croissance du produit intérieur brut (PIB) réel et à la reprise de l’inflation des prix à l’échelle de l’économie en 2014 et en 2015, ce qui se soldera par une amélioration de la croissance du PIB nominal par rapport à sa modeste croissance de 3,2 % en 2013.  2, record 9, French, - inflation%20des%20prix

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

From May 1965 to October 1966.  2, record 10, English, - Mission%20of%20the%20Representative%20of%20the%20Secretary%20General%20in%20the%20Dominican%20Republic

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Civil war erupted in the Dominican Republic in 1965, and to protect American civilians the United States landed 12, 000 troops. These were joined by 1, 700 soldiers from six Latin American countries, under the auspices of the Organization of American States(OAS), and together they formed the Inter-American Peace Force. At the urging of the UN Security Council, the Secretary General sent a representative, José Mayobne of Venzuela, to the Dominican Republic to report on the matter. He was accompanied by three observers, one of which was Canadian.  3, record 10, English, - Mission%20of%20the%20Representative%20of%20the%20Secretary%20General%20in%20the%20Dominican%20Republic

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De mai 1965 à octobre 1966.  1, record 10, French, - Mission%20du%20Repr%C3%A9sentant%20du%20Secr%C3%A9taire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20dominicaine

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La guerre civile a éclaté en République dominicaine en 1965 et, pour protéger les civils américains, les États-Unis ont dépêché 12 000 militaires dans ce pays. Ce contingent a été renforcé par 1 700 soldats venant de six pays latino-américains, sous les auspices de l'Organisation des État américains (OEA), pour former la Force de paix interaméricaine. À la demande du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU, le Secrétaire général a envoyé un représentant, le Vénézuélien José Mayobne, en République dominicaine, pour présenter un rapport sur la question. Le représentant était accompagné de trois observateurs, dont un Canadien.  2, record 10, French, - Mission%20du%20Repr%C3%A9sentant%20du%20Secr%C3%A9taire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20en%20R%C3%A9publique%20dominicaine

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to General Regulations 1835, Art IX, Para 41, this "book" was furnished each soldier in order to "... record the military history of its possessor..., "to wit, his pay, allowances, service and conduct. It apparently served as an individual pay and personnel record, not as an instructional manual or handbook. Administrative aspects of the 1835 Soldier's Book can be traced in U. S. War Dept General Orders No 10, 1835; No 11, 1837; Nos 26, 54 and 60, 1839; and No 30, 1844. General Order 15 of 1845(not on file) ended its use.  1, record 11, English, - soldier%27s%20book

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Foreign internal defense augmentation forces can augment SAOs [security assistance organizations]. They support operations in situations that range from conditions short of open hostility to limited or general war. They may locate strategically and vary in size and capabilities according to theater requirements.  3, record 12, English, - foreign%20internal%20defence%20augmentation%20force

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On 5 November 2001, the General Assembly declared 6 November of each year as the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict(resolution 56/4). In taking this action, it considered that damage to the environment in times of armed conflict impairs ecosystems and natural resources long after the period of conflict, often extending beyond the limits of national territories and the present generation.  1, record 13, English, - International%20Day%20for%20Preventing%20the%20Exploitation%20of%20the%20Environment%20in%20War%20and%20Armed%20Conflict

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le 5 novembre 2001, l'Assemblée générale a proclamé que le 6 novembre serait chaque année la Journée internationale pour la prévention de l'exploitation de l'environnement en temps de guerre et de conflit armé (résolution 56/4), considérant que les dégâts causés à l'environnement en temps de conflit armé perturbaient les écosystèmes et compromettaient les ressources naturelles longtemps encore après la fin du conflit et avaient des effets qui s'étendaient et se prolongeaient souvent au-delà des limites des territories nationaux et de la génération actuelle.  1, record 13, French, - Journ%C3%A9e%20internationale%20pour%20la%20pr%C3%A9vention%20de%20l%27exploitation%20de%20l%27environnement%20en%20temps%20de%20guerre%20et%20de%20conflit%20arm%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El 5 de noviembre de 2001, la Asamblea General declaró el Día Internacional para la Prevención de la Explotación del Medio Ambiente en la Guerra y los Conflictos Armados, el cual se celebrará el 6 de noviembre de cada año (resolución 56/4). La Asamblea adoptó esta medida considerando que los años causados al medio ambiente en tiempos de conflicto armado seguirán afectando los ecosistemas y los recursos naturales mucho después de terminado el conflicto, extendiéndose a menudo más allá de los límites de los territorios nacionales y de una generación.  1, record 13, Spanish, - D%C3%ADa%20Internacional%20para%20la%20Prevenci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20Explotaci%C3%B3n%20del%20Medio%20Ambiente%20en%20la%20Guerra%20y%20los%20Conflictos%20Armados

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To enhance insight into a war at sea, a general, aggregated and highly flexible model of the ASW [antisubmarine warfare] campaign is offered. This thesis provides a simple and usable circulation model template. The generality and simplicity of the model allows for "jointization" of an ASW campaign by allowing the user to utilize other resources to define the force mix.  2, record 14, English, - jointness

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] un premier pas vers une interarmisation de moyens appelée à connaître d'autres développements. Une évolution que chaque état-major suit avec le plus grand intérêt.  2, record 14, French, - interarmisation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the troops from the Soviet Union left Afghanistan in 1989, the nine-year war ended, but fighting among factions continued. Also, there continued to be a refugee problem after the mandate of UNGOMAP lapsed in 1990. To keep the UN informed about the situation in Afghanistan and neighbouring Pakistan, a Special Representative of the UN Secretary General was sent to the region. OSGAP was formed to provide this official with a team of military advisors. Canada contributed one of the ten advisors.  1, record 15, English, - Office%20of%20the%20Secretary%20General%20in%20Afghanistan%20and%20Pakistan

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le changement de nom a eu lieu au cours de l'année 1990. Renseignement obtenu de la section de terminologie des Nations Unies.  2, record 15, French, - Bureau%20du%20secr%C3%A9taire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20en%20Afghanistan%20et%20au%20Pakistan

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lorsque les troupes de l'Union soviétique ont quitté l'Afghanistan, en 1989, une guerre qui avait duré neuf ans a pris fin, mais les combats entre factions se sont poursuivis. En outre, le problème des réfugiés demeurait entier à la fin du mandat de la Mission de bons offices des Nations Unies en Afghanistan et au Pakistan, en 1990. Pour tenir l'ONU au courant de la situation en Afghanistan et dans le Pakistan voisin, un représentant spécial du Secrétaire général de l'ONU a été dépêché dans la région. Le Bureau du Secrétaire général en Afghanistan et au Pakistan a été institué pour assurer à ce représentant les services d'une équipe de conseillers militaires. Un de ces dix conseillers était un canadien.  1, record 15, French, - Bureau%20du%20secr%C3%A9taire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20en%20Afghanistan%20et%20au%20Pakistan

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Liberation Day is celebrated each year on May 5 in the Netherlands to mark the end of the German occupation during the Second World War. The nation was liberated largely by Canadian troops. On May 5, 1945, the Canadian General Charles Foulkes and the German Commander-in-Chief Johannes Blaskowitz reached an oral agreement on the capitulation of Germany in Hotel De Wereld in Wageningen. One day later, the capitulation document was signed in the auditorium of the Agricultural University located next to the hotel. After the liberation in 1945 the decision was made that Liberation Day was going to be celebrated every 5 years. Only in 1990, the day was declared a national holiday, on which the liberation would be commemorated and celebrated annually.  2, record 16, English, - Dutch%20Liberation%20Day

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

5 mai - Hollandais.  1, record 16, French, - Jour%20de%20la%20Lib%C3%A9ration

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The sale of a license permitting the use of patents, trademarks, or other technology to another firm.  3, record 17, English, - licensing

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are three sets of provisions for the compulsory licensing of patents. First, provisions for licensing in case of abuse of monopoly; these could apply to many patents, but have been little used. Secondly, a general provision for the licensing of patents concerned with food or medicine; this has been used to an appreciable extent. Thirdly, a provision for the licensing of enemy patents in time of war. In addition, the Crown has certain rights to make use of patented inventions, and technical information relating thereto, without the patentee's consent.  4, record 17, English, - licensing

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par la concession de licence, le breveté concède la faculté d'exploiter le brevet, tout en conservant la propriété.  4, record 17, French, - concession%20de%20licence

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les conditions de la concession de licence [...] Le concédant doit être le titulaire du brevet pour pouvoir valablement concéder une licence. La jurisprudence a décidé, en effet, que la concession de licence par une personne qui n'est pas propriétaire du brevet est nulle. On pouvait penser, toutefois, qu'il y avait lieu de tenir compte de la bonne ou de la mauvaise foi du licencié. En cas de bonne foi, l'acte devrait pouvoir être considéré comme valable en raison de l'apparence que le breveté a pu créer.  5, record 17, French, - concession%20de%20licence

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Prendre garde pour ne pas confondre «licenciation» avec «licenciement» qui est l'action de «licencier» (congédier), ni avec «licencié» qui est le titulaire d'une licence universitaire.  6, record 17, French, - concession%20de%20licence

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first world championship in our sport was organized in 1987 in France, and eight national shooting federations founded the "Union Internationale des Federations et Associations Nationales de Tir" on 7th July 1907 in Zurich, Switzerland... The French title of the "International Union of National Federations and Associations of Shooting" started to use the initials, UIT. This union was dissolved in 1915 during World War I but was reorganized in 1921 under the new name of "Union Internationale de Tir", also using the initials, UIT. After World War II had started, the activities of the Union were again suspended and then reorganized in 1947 under the new name, "International Shooting Union", using the title in the English language which from then on was decided to be the official working language of the organization. The initials of the International Shooting Union would have been ISU, but our organization had to continue using the letters of its French title, UIT, in order not to confuse it with the initials used in the international sport world by the International Skating Union... The change of the title "Union" to International Shooting Sport Federation(ISSF) in order to conform to almost all the other sporting organisations was officially approved at the General Assembly in Barcelona, Spain on 15th July 1998.  2, record 18, English, - International%20Shooting%20Sport%20Federation

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1907, l'Union Internationale de Tir est créée à Zurich. Le Français Daniel MERILLON, Président de l'Union des Sociétés de Tir est nommé Président de l'U.I.T. L'U.I.T. a pour but de créer un lien de confraternité entre les grandes fédérations de tir de toutes les nations du Monde, d'organiser les compétitions internationales et de développer la pratique du tir. [...] Depuis février 1994 la F.F. Tir, seule Fédération Française de Tir reconnue par l'I.S.S.F (Fédération Internationale de Tir Sportif, et U.I.T), a la charge de toutes les disciplines olympiques (y compris celles du Ball Trap devenues Plateau).  1, record 18, French, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20Internationale%20de%20Tir%20Sportif

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Thompson submachine gun or Tommy gun was invented by General John T. Thompson, it was the first hand held machine gun. Thompson was driven with the thought of creating a hand held machinegun that would help end the First World War.  2, record 19, English, - Tommy%20gun

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Thompson submachine gun, also known as the "Tommy Gun", was an American submachine gun (SMG) that became infamous during the Prohibition era. It was a common sight in gangster films of the time, being used both by criminals and by law enforcement officers. [It] was favored for its compact size and then high volume of automatic fire.  3, record 19, English, - Tommy%20gun

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au cours de la Deuxième guerre mondiale, les États-Unis produisirent diverses [...] mitraillettes. [...] Aucune n'atteignit la réputation de la première arme de Thompson, qui ajouta un nouveau mot, «Tommy-gun», au vocabulaire mondial.  3, record 19, French, - mitraillette%20Thompson

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La mitraillette Thompson de calibre .45 a été conçue en 1918 par le Gén John T. Thompson.  5, record 19, French, - mitraillette%20Thompson

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

La mitraillette Thompson, surnommée «Tommygun» par les soldats, ne fut pas adoptée tout de suite par l'armée américaine.  4, record 19, French, - mitraillette%20Thompson

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

International military tribunals. Military tribunals such as those established for the trial of the major German and Japanese war criminals have made a significant contribution to the development of the law on the duties of the individual in international law, as on aspects of the laws of war. The present-day authority of these judgments, however, rests less on their formulation by a tribunal than on the acceptance of the legal principles underlying the judgments by the General Assembly of the United Nations.  2, record 20, English, - International%20Military%20Tribunal

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Information found in DOBIS.  3, record 20, English, - International%20Military%20Tribunal

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Renseignement retrouvé dans DOBIS.  1, record 20, French, - Tribunal%20militaire%20international

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. The trials were held in the German city of Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.  2, record 21, English, - Nuremberg%20trials

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nuremberg trials: term always used in the plural in this context.  3, record 21, English, - Nuremberg%20trials

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les procès de Nuremberg [ ... ] s'inscrivent dès le départ dans un contexte international faisant suite aux événements de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale.  2, record 21, French, - proc%C3%A8s%20de%20Nuremberg

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les procès contre les potentats du régime hitlérien ont duré 4 ans, de 1945 à 1949.  3, record 21, French, - proc%C3%A8s%20de%20Nuremberg

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

procès de Nuremberg : terme utilisé au pluriel lorsqu'il fait référence à l'ensemble des 13 procès de Nuremberg.  4, record 21, French, - proc%C3%A8s%20de%20Nuremberg

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ground-based laser systems have the advantages of not being constrained in size, being readily accessible for servicing and repair, and being deployed on home territory, safe from adversary attack except during a general war.  1, record 22, English, - ground%2Dbased%20laser%20system

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In September 1923 the Fourth Assembly of the League [of Nations] considered a document known as the "Draft Treaty of Mutual Assistance"... under the provisions of which States would have pledged themselves to abstain from "aggressive war" and to give mutual assistance to States which were the objects of wars of aggression, and would have agreed to limit or reduce their armaments in proportion to the security furnished by the general treaty or complementary treaties concluded thereunder.  2, record 23, English, - mutual%20assistance

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme souvent employé dans le titre et dans les articles d'une convention par laquelle, en vue du maintien de la paix, les États contractants promettent réciproquement, dans les conditions et la mesure spécifiées, leur aide à celui d'entre eux qui serait victime d'une agression. Employé dans la dénomination servant à désigner une telle convention.  2, record 23, French, - assistance%20mutuelle

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The strategy and forces designed primarily to protect a nation, its outposts and/or allies from the hazards of general war. It features defense against missiles, both land-and sea-launched, and long-range bombers.  3, record 24, English, - strategic%20defense

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The] Declaration of St. Petersburg was signed on 11 December 1868 by representatives of 17 States - European Powers and Brazil - at St. Petersburg ... This Declaration referred to the use of dangerous explosive bullets which exploded on contact with either a hard or soft substance.  3, record 25, English, - Declaration%20of%20St%2E%20Petersburg%20to%20the%20effect%20of%20Prohibiting%20the%20use%20of%20Certain%20Projectiles%20in%20Wartime

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The most important developments of the laws of war took place through... general treaties concluded between the majority of States after 1850 [and one of these is the Declaration of St. Petersburg].  2, record 25, English, - Declaration%20of%20St%2E%20Petersburg%20to%20the%20effect%20of%20Prohibiting%20the%20use%20of%20Certain%20Projectiles%20in%20Wartime

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Series of constitutional talks limited to an attempt to achieve agreement on Quebec' s demands and defering other pressing constitutional issues to subsequent talks, to avoid a general "constitutional bidding war", announced in the Edmondton Declaration, q. v., of August 12th, 1986 by the ten premiers.  2, record 26, English, - Quebec%20Round

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Série de discussions constitutionnelles bornées à une tentative de s'entendre dur les demandes du Québec et différant les autres questions constitutionnelles pressantes à des rencontres ultérieures, annoncée dans la Déclaration d'Edmonton, q.v., faite par les dix premiers ministres provinciaux le 12 août 1986.  2, record 26, French, - tour%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In World War 2, general name for enemy submarine, irrespective of nationality.  2, record 27, English, - U%2Dboat

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 DEF

a German or an Austrian submarine.  3, record 27, English, - U%2Dboat

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trans. of G u-boat, short for unterseeboot, lit., undersea boat (...)  3, record 27, English, - U%2Dboat

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«U-boot» est un terme allemand que l'on ne peut mettre au pluriel en français à moins de rendre cette notion par le terme «sous-marins allemands».  1, record 27, French, - U%2Dboot

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A strategic concept which excludes preemptive and preventive actions before the onset of a war. After an aggressor initiates hostilities, the defender retaliates. In general nuclear war, this implies the ability to survive a surprise first strike and respond effectively.  2, record 28, English, - second%20strike

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Memorial Day, originally called Decoration Day, is a day of remembrance for those who have died in our nation's service. The holiday was first proclaimed on 5 May 1868, by General John Logan in his General Order No. 11, and was first observed on 30 May 1868, when flowers were placed on the graves of Union and Confederate soldiers. The South refused to acknowledge Decoration Day, honoring their dead on separate days until after World War I. It is now celebrated in almost every state on the last Monday in May.  2, record 29, English, - Memorial%20Day

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The Dominion 25-cent note issued in 1870, 1900, and 1923.  1, record 30, English, - fractional

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

During the Revolutionary War, General Washington's troops stuffed the deflated paper money of the day into their stockings to help protect their shins from the chilly temperatures of the winter. From this practice arose the slang expression "shinplaster" to characterize any low-value paper currency. The low-denomination merchant's notes circulating in large quantities in British North America(particularly Lower Canada) during late 1830s were dubbed "shinplasters", as were the 25-cent paper notes issued in 1870 and later.  1, record 30, English, - fractional

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See related term: paper fractional currency.  1, record 30, English, - fractional

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 OBS

shinplaster: informal term.  1, record 30, English, - fractional

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The term "25-cent paper note" was formerly written "25¢ paper note".  1, record 30, English, - fractional

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Billet de vingt-cinq cents émis par le Dominion en 1870, 1900 et 1923.  1, record 30, French, - billet%20de%2025%20cents

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'utilisation de «shinplaster» (emplâtre à tibia) vient de ce qu'à un moment de la Guerre de l'Indépendance américaine, les soldats de Washington emplirent leurs bas de billets alors dévalués pour se protéger les jambes contre le froid hivernal. Cette pratique entraîna le recours à «shinplaster» pour désigner toute monnaie de papier de petite valeur. Le terme fut repris au Canada, d'abord à la fin des années 1830, alors que de grandes quantités de billets de marchand de faible valeur circulaient en Amérique du Nord britannique, et surtout au Bas-Canada, puis à partir de 1870, avec l'émission de billets de 25 cents.  1, record 30, French, - billet%20de%2025%20cents

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the earlier notations in British history in the maintenance of arms was during the reign of Henry II to the Assize of Arms of 1181 which attempted to lay down scales of arms and equipment. A century later in 1289, Edward I appointed an Attilator. In 1417, with the introduction of "engines of war" such as slings, battering rams, etc, this name was changed to Master General of the Ordnance.  1, record 31, English, - Master%20General%20of%20Ordnance

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme historique.  2, record 31, French, - Ma%C3%AEtre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20du%20mat%C3%A9riel%20de%20guerre

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heightened expectations will be difficult to meet, but they have been sustained by recent accomplishments : in the last few days of 1991, the Secretary General helped work out a negotiated solution to twelve years of insurgency in El Salvador; in earlier weeks, one of his representatives obtained the release of Western hostages held in Lebanon for several years; in January 1992, another UN diplomat secured a fragile ceasefire in the Yugoslav civil war and the UN Security Council held its first ever meeting at the Head of State or Government level; and now the UN is deploying some of the largest peacekeeping contingents ever in Yugoslavia and Cambodia.  1, record 32, English, - peacekeeping%20contingent

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies a tenu sa première réunion de chefs d'État ou de gouvernement, et maintenant, l'ONU est en train de déployer les plus gros contingents de maintien de la paix de son histoire en Yougoslavie et au Cambodge.  1, record 32, French, - contingent%20de%20maintien%20de%20la%20paix

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Germany, where post-World War II reconstruction provided engineers with a unique opportunity to display skill and originality in the field of bridge design, it has been found that for general road bridges of under 200 m. span the steel box girder is usually most economical.  1, record 33, English, - steel%20box%20girder

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Box girder or box beam: A hollow, square or rectangular girder made of steel or light alloy, or reinforced or prestressed concrete, or timber. Steel box girders caused alarm in the early 1970s because two bridges which were being built then collapsed ....  3, record 33, English, - steel%20box%20girder

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Armistices may be... general when all armed operations are suspended [or they may be] partial or local... One modern trend in regard to general armistices, however, is that they represent no mere temporary halting of hostilities, but a kind of de facto termination of war, which is confirmed by the final treaty of peace. In the case of a non-war armed conflict, as, for example, the Korean conflict, 1950-1953, the armistice puts an end to the conflict, and it may also be that a final peaceful settlement is contemplated by the contending parties.  1, record 34, English, - general%20armistice

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'armistice peut être général ou local. Le premier suspend partout les opérations de guerre des États belligérants.  1, record 34, French, - armistice%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... when war breaks out between certain powers, each nation wishing to remain impartial should normally issue either a special or general declaration of neutrality. Such a declaration, however, is by no means absolute. A neutral state may, during the course of the hostilities, repeal, change, or modify its position of neutrality, provided that such alterations are in accordance with international law and are applied without bias to all belligerents. The most important of the rights that result from a declaration of neutrality is the right of territorial integrity. Belligerents may not use a neutral' s territory as a base of operations or engage in hostilities therein. This right applies not only to neutral territory and water, but extends to air space above that territory as well.  1, record 35, English, - declaration%20of%20neutrality

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acte par lequel un État notifie officiellement ou rend publique son intention de demeurer neutre en présence de l'état de guerre qui existe entre deux ou plusieurs autres États.  1, record 35, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20de%20neutralit%C3%A9

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The strategy and forces designed primarily to destroy the enemy's war-making capacity during general war or to so degrade it that the opposition collapses.  1, record 36, English, - strategic%20offense

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish