TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a technique used in genetic studies that allows the detection and quantification of mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] It is a very sensitive method that shows whether or not a specific gene is being expressed in a given sample. RT-PCR is a very important test in the field of Genetically-Modified Organisms(GMO's) because it gives researchers a mechanism to test whether any specific gene is turned on(active) or turned off(inactive). This allows researchers to identify the benefits of genetically-modified organisms with respect to their "natural" counterparts and search for any significant differences in which genes are expressed in the two types of organisms.  3, record 1, English, - reverse%20transcription%2Dpolymerase%20chain%20reaction

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La PCR et la RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR) permettent la synthèse de millions de copies d'un segment spécifique d'ADN ou d'ARN (après une étape de transcription inverse permettant la synthèse d'un ADNc), grâce à une succession de réactions se faisant à différentes températures : dénaturation de l'ADN cible par rupture des liaisons hydrogène à 94° C, hybridation des amorces sur une séquence complémentaire d'un des brins d'ADN au niveau 3' (entre 37 °C et 68 °C), élongation (à 72 °C le plus souvent) grâce aux dNTP ajoutés dans le milieu réactionnel et à une enzyme thermostable à activité ADN polymérase (Taq polymérase).  3, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20PCR%2DCDNA

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique de transcription inverse suivie de réaction en chaîne de la polymérase.  5, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20PCR%2DCDNA

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-transcriptasa inversa. Se utiliza para la detección y amplificación de ARN, permite estudiar la expresión de determinados genes (su traducción a proteínas).  2, record 1, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20en%20cadena%20de%20la%20polimerasa%20con%20transcriptasa%20inversa

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An organism that has been modified by the application of recombinant DNA technology.  5, record 2, English, - genetically%20modified%20organism

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certain authors, mostly from the United States, make a distinction between GMOs and GEOs. They believe that a GMO is an organism produced through genetic modification including natural processes, whereas a GEO is produced only through genetic engineering.  6, record 2, English, - genetically%20modified%20organism

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Defined similarly, the term "transgenic organism" is mostly used in reference to animals and never in reference to microorganisms.  6, record 2, English, - genetically%20modified%20organism

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] organisme auquel on a ajouté par des moyens artificiels, un ou plusieurs gènes ne provenant pas nécessairement d'une autre espèce.  5, record 2, French, - organisme%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tiquement%20modifi%C3%A9

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «organisme transgénique» n'est généralement utilisé qu'en référence aux animaux et, dans une moindre mesure, aux plantes.  6, record 2, French, - organisme%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tiquement%20modifi%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Organismo transformado por la inserción de uno o más transgenes.  1, record 2, Spanish, - organismo%20transformado%20por%20ingenier%C3%ADa%20gen%C3%A9tica

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scientists and engineers in Victoria, for example, are working on innovative adaptive optics systems for Gemini and, with partners in the U. K., built the first "facility-class" instrument, the GMOS spectrograph, delivered to Gemini North last year. GMOS produced a spectacular image dubbed the "perfect spiral galaxy". GMOS will be used by astronomers to study the most distant galaxies known in our Universe.  3, record 3, English, - Gemini%20multiple%2Dobject%20spectrograph

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

GMOS (Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph) est un spectrographe multi-objets spécialement conçu pour les deux télescopes Gemini. Il est capable d'observer simultanément des centaines d'étoiles, de galaxies ou de quasars extrêmement faibles avec une précision sans précédent. Il peut aussi obtenir des milliers de spectres de sections individuelles d'astres étendus comme des galaxies ou des nébuleuses. GMOS est opérationnel depuis octobre 2001 sur Gemini North alors que celui qui équipe Gemini South est commissionné en ce moment même et devrait être déclaré opérationnel très prochainement.  3, record 3, French, - spectrographe%20multi%2Dobjets%20Gemini

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... "laboratory biosafety" is now often used to refer to the subset of safety issues specifically related to containment, be it of pathogens, GMOs [genetically modified organisms], or GMO-pathogens.  2, record 4, English, - laboratory%20biosafety

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada Diseases Weekly Report.  3, record 4, English, - laboratory%20biosafety

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rapport hebdomadaire des maladies au Canada.  2, record 4, French, - bios%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20en%20laboratoire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las técnicas microbiológicas apropiadas y el uso correcto del equipo de bioseguridad por personal bien adiestrado siguen siendo los pilares fundamentales de la bioseguridad en el laboratorio.  1, record 4, Spanish, - bioseguridad%20en%20el%20laboratorio

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of antibiotic resistance markers has elicited a number of questions about environmental safety and human health. Antibiotic resistance markers are critical tools for the development of genetically modified crops. They are used as selectable markers in the process of building and transferring gene constructs.  3, record 5, English, - antibiotic%20resistance%20marker%20gene

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Antibiotic resistance marker genes have been commonly used in the development of GMOs and the issues of concerns that might arise from this are debated repeatedly.  1, record 5, English, - antibiotic%20resistance%20marker%20gene

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour répondre aux risques perçus par le public en matière de gène marqueurs de résistance aux antibiotiques dans les plantes transgéniques ainsi qu'aux mesures légales prises par les gouvernements pour interdire progressivement leur utilisation, différents groupes de recherche se sont efforcés de trouver des techniques alternatives permettant de se passer de ces gènes marqueurs.  3, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20marqueur%20de%20r%C3%A9sistance%20aux%20antibiotiques

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The risks of biopollution and genetic pollution created by release of genetically engineered organisms(GMOs) are now well known and well established empirically.  2, record 6, English, - biological%20pollution

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Biological, or bacteriological, pollution is indicated by the presence of the coliform group of organisms.  1, record 6, English, - biological%20pollution

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Not te be confused with "bacteriological pollution," (q.v.), which is a specific term.  3, record 6, English, - biological%20pollution

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pollution biologique est la cause de nombreuses maladies (bactéries et virus pathogènes).  1, record 6, French, - pollution%20biologique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] il serait sans doute plus judicieux de ne plus utiliser les antibiotiques à outrance, ou à mauvais escient. [...] contre cette affreuse biopollution (les antibiotiques rejetés dans l'environnement restent actifs pendant des mois, avec une demi-vie de 90 jours en hiver), il vaudrait sans doute mieux lutter à la source.  2, record 6, French, - pollution%20biologique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi le terme spécifique «pollution bactériologique», qui se rapporte à une pollution biologique causée par des bactéries.  3, record 6, French, - pollution%20biologique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In principle, it is possible that the allergenic potential of GMOs [genetically modified organisms] may be increased due to the introduction of potential foreign allergens, to potentially upregulated expression of allergenic components caused by the modification of the wild type organism or to different means of exposure.  2, record 7, English, - allergenic%20potential

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There is a need to assess the safety of foods deriving from genetically modified (GM) crops, including the allergenic potential of novel gene products.  3, record 7, English, - allergenic%20potential

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsqu'un procédé nouveau de transformation alimentaire génère une protéine nouvelle, ou modifie le contenu protéinique d'un aliment qui contient des protéines allergènes, il faudrait évaluer le potentiel allergène de l'aliment nouveau.  2, record 7, French, - potentiel%20allerg%C3%A8ne

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish