TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By higher-level goals I mean goals that describe what the interaction is all about : The tutor is trying to communicate a body of information to the student; the tutor wants the student to learn the material; if the student is having difficulties, the tutor wants to find the underlying misconceptions and deal with them. These goals are intertwined into a structure that gives overall guidance to the tutor's entire interaction with the student. Learners also have comparable high-level goal structures that guide the interaction from their side.  2, record 1, English, - higher%2Dlevel%20goal

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal of chemical derivatization is to modify the structure of the analyte(either a nucleophile or electrophile) using a chemical reagent(either an electrophile or nucleophile depending on the nature of the analyte) and, as a result, a new compound(the reaction's derivate) with improved chemical and physical properties for analysis is formed.  1, record 2, English, - chemical%20derivatization

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It should be noted that chemical derivatisation usually means that the alteration of a compound by means of a chemical reaction (or reactions) leaves essential parts of the parent molecule unchanged ...  2, record 2, English, - chemical%20derivatization

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour rendre détectable des composés qui ne le sont pas, le recours à une étape de dérivation chimique [...], qui consiste à greffer au composé à doser une molécule de structure connue et détectable (agent dérivant) pour formé un dérivé ainsi détectable, est préconisée.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9rivation%20chimique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science with an overall goal to extract information(with intelligent method) from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use.  3, record 3, English, - data%20miner

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'exploration de données [...] a pour objet l'extraction d'un savoir ou d'une connaissance à partir de grandes quantités de données, par des méthodes automatiques ou semi-automatiques. Elle se propose d'utiliser un ensemble d'algorithmes issus de disciplines scientifiques diverses telles que les statistiques, l'intelligence artificielle ou l'informatique, pour construire des modèles à partir des données, c'est-à-dire trouver des structures intéressantes ou des motifs selon des critères fixés au préalable, et d'en extraire un maximum de connaissances.  3, record 3, French, - explorateur%20de%20donn%C3%A9es

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A loosely organized but sustained campaign in support of a social goal, typically either the implementation or the prevention of a change in society's structure or values.  2, record 4, English, - social%20movement

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comportement collectif ayant recours à une forme quelconque d'organisation et se fondant sur une idéologie qui oriente l'action collective, dont le but est la modification ou la transformation d'un ordre social ou d'institutions existantes.  2, record 4, French, - mouvement%20social

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For example, the concept of scaffold hopping, which could be considered a subset of the concept of bioisosterism..., might be applied during lead optimization to identify one or more new series of compounds having a fundamentally different core structure to improve, for example, its potency or selectivity profile, synthetic accessibility, intellectual property position, or pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of scaffold hopping is to attain novel structures by changing the central core framework(the scaffold) of active compounds without affecting its binding to the target receptor.  2, record 5, English, - scaffold%20hopping

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Architectural technicians hold a sort of hybrid role in the field of planning and drafting building schematics. Generally speaking, these technicians are concerned with the technical and scientific areas which affect architectural design. When employed in architectural firms, they are typically tasked with assisting with sections of drawings that must be scientifically precise and conform to certain technological specifications. These technicians also work in engineering firms, where the goal is to incorporate scientific and technological information from engineering design teams into working drafts, drawings, and schematics. For architectural firms, these technicians maintain roles which involve investigating necessary technology and limitations in construction. They typically work with contractors and construction design teams to assess structural needs which may be based on the function of the building, as well as examine expected "stressors" which may impact the completed structure. The technicians then develop drawings using computer-aided drafting(CAD) for the small, discrete sections which require this special attention.  1, record 6, English, - architectural%20technician

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The abstraction goal determines which objects can be deleted and/or lumped.  2, record 7, English, - abstraction%20goal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The significant attributes are administered with a structure according to the object hierarchy and the abstraction goal.  3, record 7, English, - abstraction%20goal

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le partitionnement dépend néanmoins d'un objectif d'abstraction plus large (généralisation ou agrégation des objets partitionnés) et doit, par conséquent, être défini en fonction de cet objectif.  1, record 7, French, - objectif%20d%27abstraction

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A goal is a data structure that represents an external command, an internal need to achieve some state or a need to execute successfully some sequence of actions.  2, record 8, English, - goal

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

C'est l'enregistrement codé de la situation en cours (un objet ou une liste d'objets), la situation désirée et l'histoire des tentatives faites jusque-là pour changer la situation en cours en la situation désirée.  2, record 8, French, - but

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

buts conjonctifs, buts interférents, clause but, distance au but, expression de but, nœud but, objet but, pile de buts, protection de buts, violation de buts  3, record 8, French, - but

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The necessity for a binding collaboration with centrally coordinated enterprise architecture in public administration has long been recognised], regardless of whether the background is a vision of e-government with better service or the comprehensive reform of the structure of the public sector. [There] is widespread unanimity concerning the goal : an efficient and coherent public administration. From the point of view of architecture, it is above all a question of breaking down traditional administrative silos...  3, record 9, English, - administrative%20silo

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Narrow] administrative silos are not a good way of responding effectively to people’s needs. A more joined-up approach is required and that will be helped by reducing the number of bodies involved in delivering public services.  4, record 9, English, - administrative%20silo

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il fallait un leadership fort, en particulier pour aider les ministères et les organismes à délaisser une orientation fondée exclusivement sur les cloisonnements administratifs et à adopter une approche d'entreprise qui répondrait mieux aux besoins des clients communs et permettrait la collaboration horizontale, l'intégration et le partage des solutions.  3, record 9, French, - cloisonnement%20administratif

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'État a besoin, en matière de sécurité civile, d'une autorité unique et clairement identifiée. Le Préfet peut seul l'assurer, en transcendant dans l'intérêt général tous les cloisonnements administratifs.  4, record 9, French, - cloisonnement%20administratif

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The... Defence Planning and Management Framework provides the structure within which National Defence plans, manages, monitors, and reports on its use of resources. The goal of this framework is to bring together, within a decentralized corporate management structure, the processes for strategic planning, resource allocation, business planning, and management by senior leaders.  2, record 10, English, - Defence%20Planning%20and%20Management%20Framework

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Cadre de planification et de gestion de la Défense est le moyen utilisé par la Défense nationale pour planifier, gérer et surveiller les ressources, et pour faire rapport à cet égard. Ce cadre vise à réunir, au sein d’une structure de gestion administrative décentralisée, les processus de planification stratégique, d’affectation des ressources, de planification des activités et de gestion par les cadres supérieurs.  2, record 10, French, - Cadre%20de%20planification%20et%20de%20gestion%20de%20la%20D%C3%A9fense

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Assembly of First Nations exists to fulfill the goal of correcting these past injustices and to enhance the rightful position of the First Nations Peoples in Canada's future. Just as the people of the First Nations across Canada were becoming familiar with the NIB and its role in serving the Status Aboriginal people, an important transition in the structure of the secretariat was being discussed and eventually the Chiefs wanted to develop an organization which was truly representative and accountable to their community members, thus the NIB made the transition to becoming the Assembly of First Nations in 1982.  3, record 11, English, - Assembly%20of%20First%20Nations

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L’Assemblée des Premières Nations a pour mission d’inciter ces derniers à réparer ces anciennes injustices et d’améliorer la place légitime des Premières Nations dans l’histoire du Canada. Alors que les membres des Premières Nations au Canada commençaient à s’habituer à l’existence de la Fraternité nationale des Indiens (FNI) et à son rôle de représentante du statut du peuple autochtone, les Chefs ont entamé des discussions concernant une restructuration importante du secrétariat. Ils souhaitaient mettre sur pied un organisme vraiment représentatif et responsable des communautés membres. Ainsi, la Fraternité est entrée dans une période de transition, en 1982, et a entrepris une révision en profondeur de sa structure de base, une révision qui a abouti à l’adoption d’un nouveau nom, l’« Assemblée des Premières Nations » (APN).  3, record 11, French, - Assembl%C3%A9e%20des%20Premi%C3%A8res%20Nations

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

By the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2003. Second edition. "The English version of this specification is the only normative version".  2, record 12, English, - Mathematical%20Markup%20Language%20%28MathML%29%20Version%202%2E0

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This specification defines the Mathematical Markup Language, or MathML. MathML is an XML application for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content. The goal of MathML is to enable mathematics to be served, received, and processed on the World Wide Web, just as HTML has enabled this functionality for text. This specification of the markup language MathML is intended primarily for a readership consisting of those who will be developing or implementing renderers or editors using it, or software that will communicate using MathML as a protocol for input or output. It is not a User's Guide but rather a reference document.  1, record 12, English, - Mathematical%20Markup%20Language%20%28MathML%29%20Version%202%2E0

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par le consortium W3C, 2001. «Ceci est une traduction ... Seul le document original en anglais a valeur de norme».  2, record 12, French, - Le%20langage%20de%20balisage%20math%C3%A9matique%20%28MathML%29%20version%202%2E0

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cette spécification définit le langage de balisage mathématique, ou MathML. MathML est une application XML pour décrire une écriture mathématique et pour en capturer à la fois la structure et le contenu. L'objectif de MathML est de permettre de servir des mathématiques, de les recevoir et les traiter sur le Web, tout comme HTML a permis cette fonctionnalité pour le texte. Cette spécification du langage de balisage MathML est destinée principalement à un lectorat formé de ceux qui développeront ou implémenteront des moteurs de rendu ou des éditeurs à partir de celle-ci, ou des logiciels qui communiqueront en utilisant MathML comme protocole en entrée ou en sortie. Ce n'est pas un mode d'emploi, mais plutôt un document de référence.  1, record 12, French, - Le%20langage%20de%20balisage%20math%C3%A9matique%20%28MathML%29%20version%202%2E0

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Earth's upper atmosphere, beginning only 10-15 km above the surface, remains a frontier largely unexplored from space. The goal of upper atmosphere research is to understand the chemistry, dynamics, and energy balance above the troposphere as well as the coupling between these processes and between atmosphere regions. This implies an understanding of the mechanisms that control upper atmosphere structure and variability, as well as an understanding of how the upper atmosphere responds to natural and man-made causes. Together, these will help define the role of the upper atmosphere in climate and climate variability. The UARS [Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite] platform provides simultaneous, coordinated measurements of atmospheric internal structure(trace constituents, physical dynamics, radiative emission, thermal structure, density) and measurements of the external influences acting upon the upper atmosphere(solar radiation, tropospheric conditions, electric fields).  2, record 13, English, - Earth%27s%20upper%20atmosphere

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La thermosphère et l'exosphère constituent l'atmosphère supérieure de la Terre, où gravitent les satellites artificiels et les vaisseaux spatiaux. [...] Une bonne connaissance de l'atmosphère supérieure, c'est-à-dire de la thermosphère et de l'exosphère, est importante en soi [...] pour la définition des caractéristiques aérodynamiques des véhicules spatiaux, l'estimation de leur durée de vie orbitale et la sélection des orbites les mieux appropriées pour des recherches ou applications particulières comme la géodésie, la navigation, la télédétection, la météorologie. [...] L'atmosphère supérieure est aussi le milieu naturel des astronautes et cosmonautes lorsqu'ils accomplissent des sorties dans l'espace dans le cadre de la construction et de la maintenance des stations orbitales ou lors d'activités diverses telles que la récupération et la réparation de satellites.  2, record 13, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20sup%C3%A9rieure%20de%20la%20Terre

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

GLOBEC is an implemented programme that was developed and sponsored by SCOR, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission(IOC), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea(ICES) and the North Pacific Marine Science Organization(PICES). GLOBEC has the goal to advance our understanding of the structure and functioning of the global ocean ecosystem, its major subsystems, and its response to physical forcing, to where we can develop the capability to forecast the marine upper tropic system response to scenarios of global change.  2, record 14, English, - Global%20Ocean%20Ecosystem%20Dynamics

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal of materials processing in space is to develop a better understanding of the relationship between processing, structure, and properties so that we can reliably predict the conditions required on Earth to achieve desired materials properties.  3, record 15, English, - materials%20processing%20in%20space

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal of Brain Mapping is to develop, refine, validate and distribute tools and data sets to measure brain structure and function in both health and disease.  1, record 16, English, - brain%20mapping

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Broca va imposer l'idée de faire de l'exploration du cerveau un champ de recherche à part entière. C'est le début de la cartographie cérébrale.  1, record 16, French, - cartographie%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9brale

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduction of the difference between the data structure that represents the current situation and that which represents the goal situation.  1, record 17, English, - difference%20reduction

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The more fundamental purpose of the fiscal actions in this budget is to change permanently the structure of federal government spending, and thus reach the ultimate goal of a balanced budget.  1, record 18, English, - structure%20of%20federal%20government%20spending

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le but plus fondamental des initiatives exposées dans le présent budget est de modifier en permanence la structure des dépenses fédérales et, ainsi, d'atteindre l'objectif ultime qui est d'équilibrer le budget.  1, record 18, French, - structure%20des%20d%C3%A9penses%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rales

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Schank proposed the memory organization packet(MOP) as a high-level structure to bind together scripts and entities called scenes which group actions directed toward achieving a particular goal.  2, record 19, English, - Memory%20Organization%20Packet

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La notion de MOP, mise au point par Schank (Yale), a généralisé celle de script en permettant de mettre en commun des éléments appartenant à des scripts différents.  5, record 19, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20MOP

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Contrairement au script, les MOPs ne sont pas des morceaux isolés de connaissances; ils contiennent des liens exprimant des connaissances des différents fragments qui les composent.  1, record 19, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20MOP

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les PDM (paquet d'organisation de mémoire) servent de base à une mémoire critique à détection d'erreurs.  3, record 19, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20MOP

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Les unités mnémoniques effectives sont qualifiées de modules d'organisation de la mémoire (MOP, pour «Memory Organization Packet»), qui fournissent des attentes à des niveaux quelconques de généralité. Ils sont construits par un processus de généralisation et d'abstraction, à partir des scénarios. Alors les informations réellement mémorisées sur un scénario spécifique seront réduites à celles qui n'apparaissent pas dans les MOP super-ordonnés.  4, record 19, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20MOP

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These programs have a characteristic inference structure that systematically relates data to a pre-enumerated set of solutions by abstraction, heuristic association, and refinement.  2, record 20, English, - inference%20structure

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

We can represent this hidden structure of goals by a tree which we call the inference structure of the rule base(produced by "hanging" the rule set from the goal rule).  3, record 20, English, - inference%20structure

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of forming and updating the student model by analyzing data made available to the system. Detailed diagnosis usually requires search, whether the system is trying to reconstruct a goal structure to interpret the student's behavior or attempting to model his knowledge.  2, record 21, English, - cognitive%20diagnosis

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used in preference to "student modeling", because less restrictive: students are not the only human beings who can be diagnosed, and a model is not the only possible kind of diagnosis. [cf. AIEDU, 1987, vol.1, p. 205, note 2.  3, record 21, English, - cognitive%20diagnosis

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation de l'état cognitif de l'apprenant réalisée par le module pédagogique du système EIAO à l'issue d'une session.  2, record 21, French, - diagnostic%20cognitif

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Fonction d'un tutoriel intelligent de dépister les erreurs d'apprentissage, les méprises, et les difficultés rencontrées par l'élève lors d'une session EIAO, grâce à une représentation de l'état cognitif de l'élève, et à la mise à jour systématique de cette représentation.  3, record 21, French, - diagnostic%20cognitif

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

À partir du comportement de l'élève, le système infère l'état cognitif de celui-ci et identifie les méprises ou idées fausses à rectifier.  4, record 21, French, - diagnostic%20cognitif

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ce diagnostic est fonction du modèle de l'apprenant intégré au tutoriel et des performances réalisées par l'apprenant au cours de la session et enregistrées dans la base de faits. Voir aussi : état cognitif, fonctionnement cognitif [CTN, Paris, 1991].  5, record 21, French, - diagnostic%20cognitif

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Employing forward-chaining of rules to search for the goal(event-driven or data-driven control structure).  2, record 22, English, - bottom%2Dup%20approach

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a bottom-up approach in which the task in the appropriate level of abstraction is derived from the most specific tasks in the domain.  3, record 22, English, - bottom%2Dup%20approach

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The project has taken a bottom-up approach in that a specific topic has been identified for demonstration of feasibility and the solution to this specific problem will subsequently be generalized to a wider set of application domains.  4, record 22, English, - bottom%2Dup%20approach

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "top-down approach."  5, record 22, English, - bottom%2Dup%20approach

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essentially, the basic mechanism of a GAO graph is that of a production system, with the advantages of the finely grained formalism of production rules. But this production system is interpreted with a goal stack of interspersed AND and OR goals that provide the representation with an explicit control structure. In addition, some notion of scope is afforded by a focus of attention that can be shifted with the generation of subgoals.  1, record 23, English, - GAO%20graph

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Graphe où un état peut être transformé alternativement de plusieurs façons (connexion ou), chaque transformation pouvant faire intervenir simultanément plusieurs états, dont la conjonction est équivalente à l'état initial (connexion ET).  1, record 23, French, - graphe%20ET%2FOU%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A reasonable goal is to place a restoration that has a bulk no greater than that of the tooth structure which originally occupied the space. If one believes in the premise of this author-that overcontour predisposes to tissue disease-then a primary goal is to avoid overcontouring.  1, record 24, English, - overcontour

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un biseau se rapprochant de la verticale ménage trop peu de place pour le métal et le collier ne pourra être rendu rigide qu'en créant un surcontour.  1, record 24, French, - surcontour

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tree data structure in which the rest mode represents a goal to be achieved, and the children of each goal represent subgoals that when achieved suffice to achieve the goal represented by their parent.  2, record 25, English, - goal%20tree

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The goal tree has nodes,corresponding to goals.  2, record 25, English, - goal%20tree

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

in systems structure, team organization and simulated decentralization are combined.(...) a large number of autonomous units(...) worked together, organized and informed by the needs of the situation rather than by logic, and held together by a common goal and joint top management.  1, record 26, English, - systems%20structure

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

la structure de système est un mélange d'organisation en équipes et de décentralisation simulée. (...) un grand nombre d'unités autonomes (...) ont travaillé de concert. Tous les participants étaient organisés et informés par et pour les besoins de la cause, et non selon une quelconque logique. Ils étaient unis par la recherche d'un même objectif et par une équipe dirigeante commune.  1, record 26, French, - structure%20de%20syst%C3%A8me

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish