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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The simplest form of engineered trench, or shallow land burial, relies mainly on the properties of the excavated overburden and the geohydrologic properties of the site for containment. The intent is to ensure that the travel time of radionuclides from the waste to the human environment via groundwater is long compared to the nuclide half lives. Travel time is long because of low hydraulic gradients, soils of low water permeability and high contaminant adsorption, and lengthy pathways across exclusion zones.  4, record 1, English, - trench

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Illustration of a shallow land burial facility(engineered trench).... Figure 9 outlines the engineered trench option. In this option, the major characteristics are that :. wastes are placed below grade(in suitable hydrogeological conditions) in trenches having a specially prepared bottom that incorporates a drainage system;. there is an earthen cover over the wastes that easily can incorporate additional engineered barriers;. structural stability is not provided by the disposal facility; and. for structural stability, voids between the waste containers are filled with sans or earthen materials-bulk wastes may be compacted.  5, record 1, English, - trench

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Shallow-land burial in trenches was the original low-level waste disposal practice at the beginning of the nuclear era. The method originally consisted in emplacing the wastes in trenches dug into the ground at depths ranging from 3 to 6 m and covering the emplaced wastes with about 1 m of soil.  1, record 1, English, - trench

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Burial trenches without additional engineered barriers can be used provided that radionuclides will migrate into groundwater beneath the site at an acceptable rate.  1, record 1, English, - trench

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As used in this context, the word "engineered" refers to the fact that features and materials have been designed or selected to accomplish certain functions. In shallow land burial the materials are usually natural rather than man-made.  4, record 1, English, - trench

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des stockages par enfouissement à faible profondeur sont réalisés aux États-Unis, en Grande-Bretagne, en U.R.S.S., au Canada et en France. Dans les deux premiers pays, le stockage se fait sur des déchets pas ou peu conditionnés, dans des tranchées en pleine terre.  4, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Stockage de surface. [...] Le stockage peut être réalisé en tranchées, mode acceptable pour des terrains argileux, si la nappe phréatique est suffisamment basse.  5, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «tranchée bétonnée».  2, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans ce contexte, l'adjectif «engineered» pourrait se rendre par «spécialement conçu». Voir l'observation qui se trouve dans le module anglais de la fiche.  2, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Tranchée bétonnée (à faible profondeur, au voisinage de la surface).  2, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Couverture de tranchée. Enfouissement, stockage dans des tranchées. Stockage en tranchées.  2, record 1, French, - tranch%C3%A9e

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An engineered concrete structure located above natural grade that is closed by placement of a concrete cover and that is provided with vertical access (through an open top) for placement of the radioactive waste.  4, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figure 8 outlines the above-ground vault option. Its main elements include: . wastes disposed of above grade; . an engineered concrete cover over the wastes; . structural stability provided by the walls and cross-walls of the facility; and . voids between containerized wastes filled with nonstructural material (bulk wastes are placed in the vault, uncompacted, by an enclosed-conveyor materials handling system through holes in the roof). One major reason for building an above-ground vault is that it allows for constant surveillance. ... Since any such facility would be exposed to the elements, natural decay would be a problem and constant maintenance would be required.  5, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Aboveground vault disposal consists of placing the waste in engineered concrete structures located above natural grade. A vault is completely closed by placement of a concrete roof over each backfilled cell. The facility lacks any earthen cover system and relies principally on the structure to isolate the waste from the biosphere.  3, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the aboveground vault is a large steel-reinforced concrete structure with vertical access (through an open top) for placement of the waste. Within each structure there are numerous disposal units. Each disposal unit is sealed when filled to capacity. Individual units are sized to accommodate waste deliveries for about 1 to 2 weeks.  3, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... it would be undesirable to place the AGV directly on shield bedrock where radionuclides could be washed into fissures and cracks which would be difficult to monitor or control.  3, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "vault".  4, record 2, English, - aboveground%20vault

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «enceinte de stockage», «stockage en surface» et «stockage en tumulus».  2, record 2, French, - enceinte%20en%20surface

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alvéole : Il est à noter que la forme au masculin est vieillie.  3, record 2, French, - enceinte%20en%20surface

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Monitoring wells should effectively achieve one or more of the following objectives: Provide access to the groundwater system for collection of water samples ... Measure the hydraulic head at a specific location in the groundwater flow system ... Provide access for conducting tests or collecting information necessary to characterize the aquifer materials or their hydrologic properties.  3, record 3, English, - monitoring%20well

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Figure 6. 1 illustrates a typical open disposal trench at the Barnwell facility. The trench floor is sloped slightly and covered with a layer of sand to facilitate collection of percolating water in a French drain. A number of pipes allow any water that may collect in the French drain to be removed and analyzed. Presently waste, primarily in boxes, drums and cask liners, is stacked neatly in the trench... As the level of the waste reaches the design level, 2 m below grade, a layer of dry soil is added and allowed to filter down between the waste containers. When a trench is filled, it is covered with a cap of at least 0. 6 m of compacted native clay, followed by at least 0. 9 m of soil. The cap is graded to shed water and seeded with grass. The sump in each trench is monitored for at least 5 years and any subsidence in the cap is filled to maintain its water-shedding ability. Monitoring wells at the perimeter of the facility have not detected migration of nuclides after more than 15 years of operation.  4, record 3, English, - monitoring%20well

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Puits d'observation servant à détecter l'apparition de signes prémonitoires d'une évolution prévisible, préjudiciable en général, soit des niveaux, soit de la qualité de l'eau d'une nappe, pour avertir de l'opportunité des mesures de prévention ou de précaution à prendre.  4, record 3, French, - puits%20de%20surveillance

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

pozo indicador: Pozo de observación que se utiliza para observar la aparición de una condición prevista, generalmente no deseable, como el avance del frente de agua salada en el área costera donde se produce la intrusión de agua salada, o el movimiento de un contaminante que se introduce en una fosa séptica.  1, record 3, Spanish, - pozo%20indicador

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Illustration of a shallow land burial facility(engineered trench).... Figure 9 outlines the engineered trench option. In this option, the major characteristics are that : wastes are placed below grade(in suitable hydrogeological conditions) in trenches having a specially prepared bottom that incorporates a drainage system; there is an earthen cover over the wastes that easily can incorporate additional engineered barriers; structural stability is not provided by the disposal facility; and for structural stability, voids between the waste containers are filled with sand or earthen materials-bulk wastes may be compacted.  2, record 4, English, - shallow%20land%20storage%20facility

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «stockage à faible profondeur» et «enfouissement à faible profondeur».  3, record 4, French, - installation%20de%20stockage%20%C3%A0%20faible%20profondeur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One example of a relatively complex layered cap is that proposed for the tumulus waste disposal facility at West Valley... It is an above grade disposal unit which will be built in clay till and has an engineered cap....-beneath each compartment lies a sloping crushed stone underdrain which is also graded to allow drainage of any water entering the waste. Water samples from each compartment may be collected from access manholes at various locations and analyzed periodically.  1, record 5, English, - access%20manhole

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Illustration of a shallow land burial facility(engineered trench).... Figure 9 outlines the engineered trench option. In this option, the major characteristics are that : wastes are placed below grade(in suitable hydrogeological conditions) in trenches having a specially prepared bottom that incorporates a drainage system; there is an earthen cover over the wastes that easily can incorporate additional engineered barriers; structural stability is not provided by the disposal facility; and for structural stability, voids between the waste containers are filled with sand or earthen materials-bulk wastes may be compacted.  1, record 6, English, - shallow%20land%20burial%20facility

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Figure 6. 1 illustrates a typical open disposal trench at the Barnwell facility. The trench floor is sloped slightly and covered with a layer of sand to facilitate collection of percolating water in a french drain. A number of pipes allow any water that may collect in the french drain to be removed and analyzed. Presently waste, primarily in boxes, drums and cask liners, is stacked neatly in the trench, starting at the high end and progressing toward the low end. High specific activity waste is usually placed at the bottom of the trench. A separate narrower shielded trench is used at Barnwell for waste that has very high dose rates at the package surface. As the level of the waste reaches the design level, 2 m below grade, a layer of dry soil is added and allowed to filter down between the waste containers. When a trench is filled, it is covered with a cap of at least 0. 6 m of compacted native clay, followed by at least 0. 9 m of soil.  2, record 7, English, - open%20storage%20trench

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Disposal" usually refers to permanent storage.  1, record 7, English, - open%20storage%20trench

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On doit reserver le terme «évacuation» au stockage permanent.  1, record 7, French, - tranch%C3%A9e%20de%20stockage%20ouverte

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A schematic diagram of a modular concrete canister disposal(MCCD) facility is shown in Figure 5. 5. Modular concrete canister disposal consists of placing individual waste containers in modular concrete structures(i. e. overpacking the individual waste containers in concrete canisters) and disposing of the concrete canisters in shallow low trenches below natural grade. Except for the use of the concrete canisters, the physical details of belowground modular concrete canister disposal closely resemble those of shallow land disposal(in that disposal is below grade with shallow cover) and belowground vaults(in that structured capability is also provided by the facility).  2, record 8, English, - modular%20concrete%20canister%20disposal

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Modular concrete canister disposal. Figure 11 shows the canister disposal option. Its main characteristics are that: . wastes are placed in concrete canisters that can then be placed either in shallow, below-grade trenches or above grade on a concrete pad; . there is a shallow earthen cover over the waste trenches containing the canisters (earth or soil may be mounded over the canisters in the above-ground version); . structural stability is provided by each canister; . the structure is modular in nature; and . safety may be enhanced in future by additional engineered barriers.  4, record 8, English, - modular%20concrete%20canister%20disposal

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi «silo», «silo en béton» et «installation d'évacuation par silos de stockage modulaires en béton».  1, record 8, French, - %C3%A9vacuation%20en%20silos%20de%20stockage%20modulaires%20en%20b%C3%A9ton

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One example of a relatively complex layered cap is that proposed for the tumulus waste disposal facility at West Valley.... It is an above grade disposal unit which will be built in clay till and has an engineered cap.... The engineered cap is composed of...-2 m thick intrusion barrier composed of 2-tonne precast concrete units which have an odd shape and interlock with one another. The weight and interlocking of the units makes them almost impossible to excavate, thus providing a good intrusion barrier.  1, record 9, English, - intrusion%20barrier

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On trouve l'expression «risque d'intrusion (humaine)» dans la Revue générale nucléaire (code RENUC), 1988, numéro 4, page 316, et dans les Techniques de l'Ingénieur (code TECHN), volume B8-II, section 3660, page 20.  2, record 9, French, - barri%C3%A8re%20anti%2Dintrusion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lors de la fermeture du stockage, on devra [...] sceller les accès d'une manière étanche pour éviter les venues d'eau et décourager les intrusions humaines.  3, record 9, French, - barri%C3%A8re%20anti%2Dintrusion

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One example of a relatively complex layered cap is that proposed for the tumulus waste disposal facility at West Valley.... It is an above grade disposal unit which will be built in clay till and has an engineered cap.... The engineered cap is composed of a surface layer of topsoil and grasses to prevent erosion and is graded such that surface runoff is directed away from the waste.  1, record 10, English, - engineered%20cap

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Shallow land burial trenches are typically long, narrow, excavations with an engineered floor, an engineered drainage collection and monitoring system, and an engineered cover system.  1, record 10, English, - engineered%20cap

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The performance of a LLW facility can be increased with the use of engineered barriers to limit the amount of water which contacts the waste, to retain or retard radioactivity and provide intrusion resistance as well as structural stability to the facility. Types of engineered barriers include waste form, waste packaging, backfill and engineered confinement barriers. The use of liners, concrete and engineered covers over a disposal facility are described in some detail.  1, record 10, English, - engineered%20cap

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As used in this context, the word "engineered" refers to the fact that features and materials have been designed or selected to accomplish certain functions. In shallow land burial the materials are usually natural rather than man-made.  1, record 10, English, - engineered%20cap

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "trench cover", "earth cover", "clay top cover" and "multilayered cap".  2, record 10, English, - engineered%20cap

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour assurer la protection différée dans le cas des déchets de faibles et moyennes activités (FMA), on a choisi d'isoler les déchets de l'environnement dans un stockage de surface. L'isolement est réalisé par le conditionnement des déchets eux-mêmes et par les ouvrages du stockage et leur couverture.  3, record 10, French, - couverture%20de%20hautes%20performances

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[Enfouissement à faible profondeur]. Ce stockage est réalisé soit sur des aires aménagées, soit dans des tranchées bétonnées. [...] Les tranchées bétonnées sont réalisées en partant d'une fosse creusée dans le sol, dans laquelle est réalisé un radier. On élève des parois en béton le long de la fosse, constituant ainsi des cases dans lesquelles sont déposés les déchets. Après injection d'un coulis de ciment, on obtient un monolithe que l'on recouvre par une couche bitumineuse.  4, record 10, French, - couverture%20de%20hautes%20performances

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le terme «couverture artificielle» n'est pas à recommander puisque dans bien des cas, comme on le voit dans l'observation qui figure dans le module anglais de la présente fiche, cette couverture est composée de matériaux naturels. Voir aussi «couverture de terre», «couverture à couches multiples» et «couverture d'argile».  1, record 10, French, - couverture%20de%20hautes%20performances

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Voir aussi «plastique technique» (ou «de hautes performances») dans TERMIUM, où ils sont données comme équivalents du terme anglais «engineered plastic».  1, record 10, French, - couverture%20de%20hautes%20performances

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One example of a relatively complex layered cap is that proposed for the tumulus waste disposal facility at West Valley, New York. It is an above grade disposal unit which will be built in clay till and has an engineered cap.  2, record 11, English, - above%2Dground%20storage%20unit

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "tumulus disposal" (which is an example of an abovegrade disposal unit), "aboveground storage" and "disposal unit" in TERMIUM.  1, record 11, English, - above%2Dground%20storage%20unit

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term "disposal" is very often used interchangeably with the term "storage". However, these two terms should be distinguished, as "disposal" refers to permanent disposal. In the present case, "storage" is better.  1, record 11, English, - above%2Dground%20storage%20unit

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le stockage en surface pour les déchets de faible activités à vie courte et le stockage en profondeur pour le stockage des déchets à vie longue.  2, record 11, French, - module%20de%20stockage%20en%20surface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir aussi «(stockage en) tumulus» dans TERMIUM.  1, record 11, French, - module%20de%20stockage%20en%20surface

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One example of a relatively complex layered cap is that proposed for the tumulus waste disposal facility at West Valley.... It is an above grade disposal unit which will be built in clay till and has an engineered cap.... The engineered cap is composed of... a second compacted clay layer, almost 2 m thick, lies beneath the intrusion barrier. This clay layer acts as a second barrier to water infiltration.  1, record 12, English, - compacted%20clay%20layer

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enfouissement à faible profondeur. [...] On peut aussi admettre la mise en place de barrières artificielles (structures bétonnées ou barrières de type géochimique telles les argiles naturelles ou artificielles).  3, record 12, French, - couche%20d%27argile%20compact%C3%A9e

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Pour les déchets de faible activité, on peut constituer un tumulus sur des aires aménagées [...] Les tumulus comprennent les blocs de béton en rangées de 5 m de haut constituant des cellules de 10 m X 30 m. À l'intérieur de ces cellules, on met les déchets conditionnés en fûts métalliques. Après remplissage des interstices par du gravillon, on couvre le tout par de l'argile, qui est tassée, puis par de la terre végétale.  4, record 12, French, - couche%20d%27argile%20compact%C3%A9e

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A schematic representation of a typical aboveground vault disposal facility is shown in Figure.... Aboveground vault disposal consists of placing the waste in engineered concrete structures located above natural grade. A vault is completely closed by placement of a concrete roof over each backfilled cell. The facility lacks any earthen cover system and relies principally on the structure to isolate the waste from the biosphere.  1, record 13, English, - backfilled%20cell

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "backfill material".  2, record 13, English, - backfilled%20cell

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A schematic diagram of a modular concrete canister disposal(MCDD) facility is shown in Figure 5. 5. Modular concrete canister disposal consists of placing individual waste containers in modular concrete structures(i. e. overpacking the individual waste containers in concrete canisters) and disposing of the concrete canisters in shallow low trenches below natural grade. Except for the use of the concrete canisters, the physical details of belowground modular concrete canister disposal closely resemble those of shallow land disposal(in that disposal is below grade with shallow cover) and belowground vaults(in that structured capability is also provided by the facility).  2, record 14, English, - modular%20concrete%20canister%20disposal%20facility

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "concrete canister", "storage canister" and "modular concrete canister disposal".  3, record 14, English, - modular%20concrete%20canister%20disposal%20facility

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish