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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] gradient boosting algorithm is an ensemble learning method based on a combination of additive models(weak learners), which can gradually learn from the previous misclassifications to create a stronger learning model. This algorithm has been complemented with a feature selection process that increases the overall performance by extracting the most relevant features from the input data.  2, record 1, English, - gradient%20boosting%20algorithm

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par rapport à un seul arbre de décision [...], l'apprentissage d'ensemble génère plusieurs arbres de décision afin d'obtenir une grande précision dans la prédiction. [...] l'algorithme d'amplification du gradient [...] combine plusieurs apprenants faibles en un apprenant fort en ajoutant séquentiellement des prédicteurs pour corriger son prédécesseur. L'erreur résiduelle est minimisée par l'ajout d'arbres [...]  2, record 1, French, - algorithme%20d%27amplification%20du%20gradient

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The proposed iterative restoration algorithm is derived by modifying the optimal gradient method through an adaptive relaxation technique. The adaptivity is introduced to incorporate properties of the true restoration error. This makes the successive approximations approach the exact solution much faster, enabling a visually good convergence within a few iterates.  2, record 2, English, - iterative%20restoration%20algorithm

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gradient designs... provide a method of assessing complex impacts that operate over broad spatial and temporal scales.  1, record 3, English, - gradient%20design

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le plan par gradient comporte nécessairement l'objectif consistant à déterminer si les populations et les communautés à l'étude sont corrélées avec la contamination et s'il existe un lien de causalité avec la contamination.  1, record 3, French, - plan%20par%20gradient

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the variational data assimilation(VarDA), the typical way for gradient computation is using the adjoint method. However, the adjoint method has many problems, such as low accuracy, difficult implementation and considerable complexity, for high-dimensional models. To overcome these shortcomings, a new data assimilation method based on dual number automatic differentiation(AD) is proposed.  1, record 4, English, - data%20assimilation%20method

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une forte activité de recherche a lieu actuellement pour circonvenir aux problèmes précités des méthodes d'assimilation de données, on peut par exemple citer la possibilité de considérer des statistiques non gaussiennes dans les méthodes de filtrage par anamorphose [...] et gaussiennes tronquées [...] ou l'utilisation de méthodes primales-duales hautement parallélisables pour résoudre [l'assimilation variationnelle quadridimensionnelle].  1, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27assimilation%20de%20donn%C3%A9es

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first really major breakthrough from an optical-communications viewpoint was made by scientists at Corning Glass Works when they developed fibers based on high silicas.... They achieved these low-loss fibers by a flame-hydrolysis method in which silicon tetrachloride with, if desired, a suitable dopant halide, would react with oxygen to form a white silica soot deposited on a silica mandrel. Rotating the mandrel and translating the flame back and forth causes a buildup of the white soot deposit. By varying the dopant concentration during this buildup, the Corning scientists were also able to achieve a gradient in the composition. Subsequently, the soot is consolidated into a clear glass by an appropriate heat treatment, after which the mandrel is removed. From this "preform", as it is called, a fiber can be drawn, those layers deposited first becoming the core and the later layers the cladding.  1, record 5, English, - flame%2Dhydrolysis%20method

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deux grands types de solutions ont été étudiés pour l'élaboration des fibres [optiques]. [...] on peut réaliser une ébauche autour d'un mandrin sur lequel sont déposés silice et dopants successivement en couches minces. Le mandrin, tournant devant une flamme, se déplace parallèlement à l'axe. On injecte dans la flamme les composés gazeux de silicium, de germanium, qui s'y trouvent oxydés. On obtient la loi d'indice voulue en faisant varier convenablement la proportion des dopants. Puis, quand les couches sont déposées et vitrifiées, on retire le mandrin; le cylindre obtenu est restreint pour supprimer le trou central et fournir l'ébauche à l'étirage. [...] À côté de cette dernière technique, brillamment mise en œuvre chez Corning et plus tard dans d'autres laboratoires, -- où on la baptise «l'hydrolyse à la flamme», -- on pratique aussi celle du «dépôt en phase vapeur» [...]  2, record 5, French, - hydrolyse%20%C3%A0%20la%20flamme

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High-resolution HLA-DRB [human leucocyte antigen-5, 6-dichloro-furanosyl-benzimidazole riboside] typing is required for bone marrow transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients and also for identification of novel HLA-DRB alleles. Here we describe a method for the unambiguous identification of HLA-DRB alleles using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing.  1, record 6, English, - denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de electroforesis para separar fragmentos de ADN del mismo tamaño en función de su secuencia.  1, record 6, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20desnaturalizante%20en%20gradiente

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A gradient method is recommended for samples that cannot be easily separated by isocratic methods because of their wide k range. In gradient elution the eluent strength is increased during the separation by changing the composition of the mobile phase. As a result, the analysis time is reduced and the quality of the separation is improved as well as the detection limit.  3, record 7, English, - gradient%20elution

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technique du gradient d'élution permet souvent de séparer des solutés qui ne pourraient pas l'être par la méthode isocratique, même avec un mélange de solvants; elle est particulièrement efficace quand les constituants de l'échantillon sont de polarités très différentes.  1, record 7, French, - gradient%20d%27%C3%A9lution

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That temperature a product has to reached to be totally solidified.  2, record 8, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In vitro freezing of tissue. Early attempts at studying the effects of speed and final temperature of freezing of tissue slices on cellular damage had difficulty in separating these parameters. Rubinsky and co-workers developed a method of controlled freezing of tissue slices on a microscope slide moving along a temperature gradient between two constant temperature bases. They were able to freeze animal and human liver tissue with a constant cooling rate. Their experiments revealed that high cooling rates will result in intracellular ice formation and probably immediate cell death, representing the clinical situation very close to the cryoprobe. Lower cooling rates resulting in cellular dehydration and extracellular ice formation with large ice crystals propagating along the sinusoids, expanding them by a factor of two in diameter.  1, record 8, English, - final%20temperature%20of%20freezing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température nécessaire à la congélation complète d'un produit.  2, record 8, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation%20totale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Electrophoresis in a stabilised pH gradient. High-resolution method for separating molecules, especially proteins, which carry both positive and negative charges. Molecules migrate to the pH corresponding to their isoelectric point. The gradient is produced by electrophoresis of amphiphiles, which are heterogenous molecules giving a continuum of isoelectric points. Resolution is determined by the number of amphiphile species and the evenness of distribution of their isoelectric points.  3, record 9, English, - isoelectric%20focusing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The power of isoelectric focusing is extraordinary: it can resolve the proteins of human blood plasma into 40 or more bands.... The method is generally used on an analytical scale, although it is possible to scale up for preparative work (up to gram quantities).  4, record 9, English, - isoelectric%20focusing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Isoelectric focusing provides a way of both accurately determining a protein’s isoelectric point and affecting separations among proteins whose isoelectric points may differ by as little as a few hundredths of a pH unit.  1, record 9, English, - isoelectric%20focusing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de séparation très résolutive des protéines qui repose sur la distinction de ces macromolécules selon leur point isoélectrique (pHi). Elle consiste à utiliser des ampholines de différents pH; la protéine est retenue par celle qui correspond à son point isoélectrique. Chaque protéine en effet, comme n'importe quel ampholyte, est définie par son point isoélectrique, valeur du pH du milieu pour lequel sa charge électrique résultante est nulle. Placée à un pH supérieur à son pHi la protéine se charge négativement par perte de protons. A un pH inférieur au pHi, la protéine se charge positivement par capture de protons. Sous l'influence d'un champ électrique continu, les molécules protéiniques migreront soit vers l'anode, soit vers la cathode, en fonction de leurs charges.  2, record 9, French, - %C3%A9lectrofocalisation

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Récemment, on a combiné les techniques de focalisation isoélectrique et d'électrophorèse en gel de polyacrylamide pour obtenir des séparations bidimensionnelles des protéines. [...] Cette technique est de plus en plus utilisée en biologie cellulaire et son grand pouvoir de séparation est dû à l'utilisation de deux propriétés indépendantes des protéines.  3, record 9, French, - %C3%A9lectrofocalisation

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Travelling Heater Method(THM) is a solution growth process whereby polycrystalline feed material, with an average constant composition, is progressively dissolved under the influence of a temperature gradient, followed by deposition, in single crystal form, onto a seed of the same composition.  2, record 10, English, - travelling%20heater%20method

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An approximate solution method, referred to as the epsilon method, allows flow characteristics such as flow rate and exit gradient to be determined for seepage through a two-layer soil system.  1, record 11, English, - exit%20gradient

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une méthode de solution approximative, appelée la «méthode epsilon», permet de déterminer les caractéristiques d'écoulement telles que le débit et le gradient de sortie pour l'écoulement à travers un système bicouche de sol.  1, record 11, French, - gradient%20de%20sortie

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--a method of photography for flow patterns that takes advantage of the fact that light passing through a density gradient in a gas is refracted as though it were passing through a prism.  1, record 12, English, - schlieren%20photography

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--étude par la méthode photographique du sillage produit dans l'air par un projectile ou par un profil d'aile dans une soufflerie aérodynamique.  1, record 12, French, - strioscopie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method for showing two-dimensional groundwater flow problems by mapping the flow domain into an auxiliary mathematical plane whose coordinates are the components of the specific discharge or of the hydraulic gradient.  1, record 13, English, - hodograph%20method

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode qui permet de représenter les caractéristiques d'un écoulement souterrain bidimensionnel en transposant le champ de cet écoulement sur un plan mathématique dont les coordonnées sont les composantes du débit spécifique ou du gradient hydraulique.  1, record 13, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27hodographe

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para ilustrar los problemas del flujo bidimensional de aguas subterráneas que consiste en representar la zona de flujo en un plano auxiliar, cuyas coordenadas son las componentes del caudal específico o del gradiente hidráulico.  1, record 13, Spanish, - m%C3%A9todo%20hodogr%C3%A1fico

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Determination of the water permeability of a geotextile using the constant head method-ASTM. This method can be used to determine both the coefficient of permeability, k, and the permittivity, [psi]. Preference is given, however, to the permittivity because the k-value is directly related to the thickness of the geotextile and the thickness varies strongly from geotextile to geotextile. Permittivity is defined as the filter velocity per unit of hydraulic gradient.  1, record 14, English, - constant%20head%20method

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The principal types of apparatus for determining the coefficient of permeability of soil samples are ... the constant-head permeameter ... and the falling-head permeameter ... .  3, record 14, English, - constant%20head%20method

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Perméamètres : Appareils de laboratoire destinés à mesurer le coefficient de perméabilité d'un échantillon de sol. Perméamètre à charge constante, perméamètre à charge variable.  2, record 14, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20perm%C3%A9am%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20charge%20constante

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Constant head (constant pressure head) : charge constante.  3, record 14, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20perm%C3%A9am%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20charge%20constante

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With the charcoal method non-specific binding may not be recognized as readily as with the sucrose gradient method, nor does it distinguish receptor that sediments at 8S and 4S, a distinction considered important by some workers(Jensen, 1977). If cytoplasmic estrogen receptor is transferred to nuclear sites, it is inaccessible for assay using conventional techniques(McGuire, 1977a).  1, record 15, English, - sucrose%20gradient%20method

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Méthode utilisée dans le dépistage du -- du -- en dosant les récepteurs hormonaux.  1, record 15, French, - technique%20de%20purification%20par%20centrifugation%20sur%20gradient%20de%20sucrose

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish