TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

New plant-breeding techniques... are methods allowing the development of new plant varieties with desired traits, by modifying the DNA of seeds and plant cells.... Based on assessments of the European Commission, the following plant-breeding techniques can currently be considered as the main [techniques] 1) site-directed nucleases(SDN)(including ZFN-1/2/3 and CRISPR [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat] systems) ;2) oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis(ODM) ;3) cisgenesis; 4) RNA-dependent [ribonucleic acid-dependent] DNA methylation(RdDM) ;5) Grafting(non-GM [genetically modified] scion on GM rootstock) ;6) reverse breeding; [and] 7) agro-infiltration.  3, record 1, English, - new%20plant%2Dbreeding%20technique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

new plant-breeding technique; new plant breeding technique; new breeding technique; NPBT; NBT: designations usually used in the plural.  8, record 1, English, - new%20plant%2Dbreeding%20technique

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression [...] «nouvelles techniques d'amélioration des plantes» [...] recouvre un certain nombre de biotechnologies appliquées au végétal qui ont été développées depuis la fin des années 1990 sur la base de techniques préexistantes. [...] Très diverses, ces techniques peuvent néanmoins être regroupées en plusieurs catégories. Il s'agit : des techniques d'édition du génome qui rassemblent la mutation ciblée par nucléases dirigées ([...] «zinc finger nucleases» (ZFN), méganucléases (MN), TALEN [transcription activator-like effector nucleases], [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat] CRISPR-Cas) et la mutation dirigée par oligonucléotides (ODM)[;] des techniques d'intégration ciblée d'une séquence d'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] par nucléases dirigées[;] des techniques exploitant les mécanismes épigénétiques qui modulent l'expression des gènes : «RNA-dependent DNA methylation» (RdDM)[;] et d'autres techniques [:] agroinfiltration, greffe végétale, cisgenèse et intragenèse, ségrégants négatifs…  3, record 1, French, - nouvelle%20technique%20de%20s%C3%A9lection%20des%20plantes

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nouvelle technique de sélection des plantes; nouvelle technique de sélection végétale; nouvelle technique d'amélioration des plantes; nouvelle technique de sélection génomique : désignations habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  5, record 1, French, - nouvelle%20technique%20de%20s%C3%A9lection%20des%20plantes

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An organ, tissue [or cells] taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual.  3, record 2, English, - graft

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although some authors restrict the use of the term "graft" to same species tissue and cell transfer, the usage of this term has broaden to include organs and interspecies transfer, and is therefore often considered as being synonymous to "transplant".  4, record 2, English, - graft

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellules, tissu ou organe prélevés en vue d'une greffe.  3, record 2, French, - greffon

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Quand il s'agit de greffe d'organe, certains jugent le terme «transplant» plus correct.  4, record 2, French, - greffon

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tejido, órgano o células que son trasplantados de un individuo a otro o en el cuerpo del mismo individuo.  4, record 2, Spanish, - injerto

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trasplante; transplante: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que la palabra "trasplante" se escribe con s, y no es adecuada la forma "transplante", con ns en la primera sílaba. [...] Aunque para otras voces la Academia sí recoge la grafía alternativa con el prefijo trans-, la Ortografía y la actual edición del Diccionario solo admiten la forma "trasplante" para esta palabra.  3, record 2, Spanish, - injerto

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En medicina los términos trasplante e injerto se utilizan como sinónimos. Sin embargo es necesario mencionar que los injertos sólo pueden ser biológicos.  4, record 2, Spanish, - injerto

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The transfer of organs, tissues, or cells from one individual to another, or from one area of an individual to another.  5, record 3, English, - transplantation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nowadays, "transplantation" and "grafting" are used as synonyms. To some authors, "grafting" refers to a transfer of tissue or organ from one place to another in or on a person's body(intraindividual), whereas "transplantation" refers to this movement from one individual to another(interindividual). However, all agree to say that both terms are used interchangeably.  5, record 3, English, - transplantation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfert d'un tissu, d'un organe ou de cellules d'un donneur à un receveur, où le donneur peut être soit le receveur, soit un autre individu.  3, record 3, French, - greffe

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien que certains auteurs réservent le terme «greffe» aux tissus et le terme «transplantation» aux organes, tous s'entendent pour dire qu'ils sont aujourd'hui considérés comme étant des synonymes.  3, record 3, French, - greffe

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] transferencia de un órgano o tejido de una persona a otra o de una parte del cuerpo a otra para sustituir una estructura enferma, para restaurar una función o para modificar el aspecto.  4, record 3, Spanish, - trasplante

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trasplante; transplante: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que la palabra "trasplante" se escribe con s, y no es adecuada la forma "transplante", con ns en la primera sílaba. [...] Aunque para otras voces la Academia sí recoge la grafía alternativa con el prefijo trans-, la Ortografía y la actual edición del Diccionario solo admiten la forma "trasplante" para esta palabra.  3, record 3, Spanish, - trasplante

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En medicina los términos trasplante e injerto se utilizan como sinónimos. Sin embargo es necesario mencionar que los injertos sólo pueden ser biológicos.  5, record 3, Spanish, - trasplante

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CDR grafting has three fundamental components :(1) delimitation of CDRs [complementarity-determining regions] as regions determining the specificity of the nonhuman antibody and hence target for grafting,(2) selection of human FRs [framework regions] to be combined with nonhuman CDRs, and(3) assessment of conflicts between nonhuman CDRs and human FRs and design of back mutations to prevent a loss of affinity in the final product.  3, record 4, English, - complementarity%2Ddetermining%20region%20grafting

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CDR grafting is the most frequently used rational design strategy for antibody humanization...  4, record 4, English, - complementarity%2Ddetermining%20region%20grafting

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El Nimotuzumab, o h-R3, es un anticuerpo humanizado contra el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGF-R), generado mediante el trasplante de las regiones determinantes de la complementariedad o regiones hipervariables del anticuerpo murinoioregf/r3, en un marco de soporte de una inmunoglobulina humana.  1, record 4, Spanish, - trasplante%20de%20las%20regiones%20determinantes%20de%20la%20complementariedad

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SDR grafting was proposed... as a modification of CDR [complementarity-determining region] grafting to minimize the content of nonhuman residues to be transferred into the human context.  3, record 5, English, - specificity%2Ddetermining%20residue%20grafting

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The shoot, bud, etc. using in grafting.  2, record 13, English, - graft

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Grafting : a method of plant propagation... where the tissues of one plant are encouraged to fuse with those of another.  3, record 13, English, - graft

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This term can also refer to the method of plant propagation depending on the context.  4, record 13, English, - graft

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pousse d'une plante (œil, branche, bourgeon) que l'on insère dans une autre plante [...] pour que celle-ci produise les fruits de la première.  3, record 13, French, - greffe

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «greffe» peut désigner à la fois le greffon lui-même ou l'opération qui permet la multiplication des plants.  4, record 13, French, - greffe

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parte de una planta con una o más yemas, que, aplicada al patrón, se suelda con él.  2, record 13, Spanish, - injerto

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most fruit trees produced from seeds differ from their parents in fruit type and quality. The most dependable plants are those produced from cuttings, division, or by budding and grafting to ensure trueness to cultivar.  2, record 14, English, - trueness%20to%20cultivar

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trueness to cultivar: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 14, English, - trueness%20to%20cultivar

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrôle des semences.  1, record 14, French, - conformit%C3%A9%20au%20cultivar

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

conformité au cultivar : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 14, French, - conformit%C3%A9%20au%20cultivar

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting.  1, record 15, English, - myringoplasty

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chirurgie plastique de la membrane tympanique.  1, record 15, French, - myringoplastie

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mass of tissue for grafting, usually including skin, only partially removed from one part of the body so that it retains its own blood supply during its transfer to a new location; used to repair defects in an adjacent or distant part of the body.  1, record 16, English, - flap

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fragment de peau ou de muscle qui n'est rattaché à ses tissus d'origine que par un pédicule vascularisé.  1, record 16, French, - lambeau

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le lambeau est utilisé pour combler certaines pertes de substances.  1, record 16, French, - lambeau

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The grafting to the cornea of foreign material.  1, record 17, English, - allokeratoplasty

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intervention chirurgicale visant à réparer la cornée à l'aide d'un produit synthétique transparent.  1, record 17, French, - allok%C3%A9ratoplastie

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The free jejunal flap is a reliable and innovative tool in the particularly complex situation of a segmental oesophageal loss. It should be considered in similar cases to reconstruct oesophageal continuity or to treat stricture and fistula formations.  1, record 18, English, - jejunal%20flap

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flap : A mass of tissue for grafting, usually including skin, only partially removed from one part of the body so that it retains its own blood supply during its transfer to a new location; used to repair defects in an adjacent or distant part of the body.  2, record 18, English, - jejunal%20flap

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le lambeau jéjunal employé dans la reconstruction palatine isolé ou associé à un greffon osseux libre, comporte, malgré sa finesse, des inconvénients[ ...]  1, record 18, French, - lambeau%20j%C3%A9junal

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lambeau : Fragment de peau ou de muscle qui n'est rattaché à ses tissus d'origine que par un pédicule vascularisé.  2, record 18, French, - lambeau%20j%C3%A9junal

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A knife that has a straight, very sharp blade and is used for making cuts in grafting.  1, record 19, English, - grafting%20knife

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

grafting : Joining plants or plant parts in such a way that the individual parts will unite and continue to grow as a single plant.  1, record 19, English, - grafting%20knife

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Petit couteau à lame très tranchante servant à greffer, c'est-à-dire à insérer sur une plante un bourgeon, un rameau, etc. pris à une autre plante.  3, record 19, French, - greffoir

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

entoir : Ce mot qui vient de «enter» (synonyme de «greffer»), n'est pas très usité aujourd'hui.  3, record 19, French, - greffoir

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Certains greffoirs (écussonnoirs) possèdent une spatule non coupante, à l'aide de laquelle on peut soulever l'écorce du porte-greffe sans le blesser. [Ce type de greffoir porte le nom de «budding knife» en anglais.]  1, record 19, French, - greffoir

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Steps in making a modified kerf graft.(1) Cion wedged triangularly by two equal cuts.(2) Triangular groove made in stock by two cuts the same size and angle as those on the cion.(3) Cion placed in groove and held in place by grafting tape or rubber bands; cut surfaces waxed.  1, record 20, English, - kerf%20graft

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le greffon est taillé à sa base en deux biseaux qui forment entre eux un angle assez ouvert [...]; sur le sujet, on enlève, grâce à deux entailles, une portion de tissus correspondant à la base du greffon de telle façon que celle-ci y trouve exactement place et que les zones génératrices des deux tiges coïncident, compte tenu de la différence éventuelle d'épaisseur des écorces [...]  2, record 20, French, - greffe%20en%20incrustation

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Technique peu pratiquée aujourd'hui.  2, record 20, French, - greffe%20en%20incrustation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Existen de 250 a 300 modos de injertar. En los injertos por aproximación existen tres grupos, uno de los cuales es por incrustación: el patrón se prepara practicando en él dos cortes longitudinales convergentes hacia su eje, de modo que resulte excavado en forma de quilla. El injerto se prepara con dos cortes longitudinales convergentes hacia fuera para que ajusten en el corte del patrón. Se unen las dos partes y se atan.  3, record 20, Spanish, - injerto%20de%20incrustaci%C3%B3n

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delayed unions and non-unions of the distal phalanx... The type of skin incision was chosen according to the bone condition; distal in cases of fibrous non-union when fibrous tissue removal and bone grafting were needed. Neither the type of bone stabilisation(pinning or screwing) nor the donor site of bone grafting influenced the final result.  1, record 21, English, - screwing

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique d'ostéosynthèse comprenant les temps suivants : forage, taraudage, fraisage, mesure de longueur, mise en place des vis.  2, record 21, French, - vissage

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cutting instrument used for skin grafting or slicing thin pieces of skin.  3, record 22, English, - dermatome

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A] dermatome [is] an instrument for removing split-thickness skin grafts from donor sites; there are many different kinds, divided into three major types: knife, drum, and motor-driven.  4, record 22, English, - dermatome

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[Dermatomes] may be a manually operated device (e.g., a handheld mechanical frame and cutting blade) or, more frequently, a powered (e.g., electrical, pneumatic) device with a cutting blade. Powered (e.g., Castroviejo, Reese, Padgett-Hood, Brown, Davol-Simon, Zimmer) dermatomes typically use a rapidly oscillating blade that is manually advanced over the skin. Dermatomes are used mainly to obtain skin grafts from donor sites, but they are sometimes used in other procedures (e.g., to remove tattoos). Dedicated instruments are available to expand the skin graft (i.e., expanded mesh dermatomes), increasing the area of damaged skin that can be covered with a given graft.  5, record 22, English, - dermatome

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrument servant à prélever des fragments de peau pour greffes cutanées.  1, record 22, French, - dermatome

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rasoir à dermatome, quant à lui, est une sorte de rasoir qui permet de prélever des fragments cutanés, plus ou moins épais, dans un but d'effectuer des greffes de peau.  2, record 22, French, - dermatome

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il existe des dermatomes à main comportant une lame tranchante (Lagros, Dufourmentel, Gosset) utilisés surtout pour les prélèvements de greffes minces, des dermatomes à tambour sur lesquels vient se coller la peau à prélever (Padgett) permettant des prises de greffes plus épaisses et des dermatomes électriques (Brown, Gosset) permettant une prise régulière et rapide surtout utilisés chez les brûlés.  4, record 22, French, - dermatome

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrumento para cortar láminas delgadas de piel para injertos, o para extirpar pequeñas lesiones.  2, record 22, Spanish, - derm%C3%A1tomo

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delayed unions and non-unions of the distal phalanx... The type of skin incision was chosen according to the bone condition; distal in cases of fibrous non-union when fibrous tissue removal and bone grafting were needed. Neither the type of bone stabilisation(pinning or screwing) nor the donor site of bone grafting influenced the final result.  1, record 23, English, - pinning

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contention d'une fracture par un clou long et mince appelé broche.  2, record 23, French, - brochage

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le brochage limite les possibilités fonctionnelles pendant la phase de consolidation osseuse et présente un risque septique accru. Le vissage est techniquement plus difficile car il impose les impératifs suivants : mise en place dans l'axe de la phalange, longueur de vis respectant l'interligne articulaire et enfouissement de la tête pour éviter tout conflit cutané.  3, record 23, French, - brochage

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les pièges du brochage : A - une broche transversale prenant appui sur un métacarpien voisin risque de maintenir un écart entre les fragments, B - même risque lorsqu'on utilise 2 broches en croix.  4, record 23, French, - brochage

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Osteosíntesis con aguja. La estabilización de las fracturas de radio distal con agujas de Kirschner es una técnica clásica que puede proporcionar buenos resultados en las fracturas más simples.  1, record 23, Spanish, - osteos%C3%ADntesis%20con%20agujas

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting.  3, record 24, English, - cion

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bourgeon ou rameau destiné à être greffé sur un sujet porte-greffe.  2, record 24, French, - greffon

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The method of grafting new plant growth onto a stronger root system by establishing young plants near an existing tree and removing matching areas of bark to bind growing branches of the younger tree to branches of the old until they grow together and can be separated with the new branches attached to the older rootstock.  3, record 25, English, - inarching

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Inarching is similar to approach grafting in that both stock and scion plants are on their own roots at the time of grafting; it differs in that the top of the new root stock plant usually does not extend above the point of the graft union as it does in approach grafting.  4, record 25, English, - inarching

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Greffe] par laquelle les greffons continuent à appartenir aux plantes qui les produisent.  4, record 25, French, - greffe%20en%20approche

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Technique de greffage.  3, record 25, French, - greffe%20en%20approche

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ideal grafting wax should have the following qualifications; exclude air and fungi and retain moisture in the wood; is not toxic to tender tissue;... easy to handle.  1, record 26, English, - grafting%20wax

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] se composent essentiellement de trois éléments: - les produits résineux (résine, poix noire, poix blanche); - la cire d'abeilles; - les corps gras (suif, saindoux, huile de lin).  1, record 26, French, - mastic%20%C3%A0%20greffer

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In grafting, the name given to the piece that occupies the position between the root and the top in a double-worked tree.  3, record 27, English, - interstock

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Utilisé pour le greffage des arbres fruitiers.  3, record 27, French, - interm%C3%A9diaire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Injertos dobles: Es la combinación posible que se puede realizar entre dos clones de plantas en un arreglo o disposición vertical. Esto supone la inserción de un clon entre patrón y el injerto. Esta inserción permitirá el desarrollo de una planta con tres tipos de especies vegetales, a esta porción entre injerto y patrón se le conoce como patrón intermedio.  1, record 27, Spanish, - patr%C3%B3n%20intermedio

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An implement designed especially for use in grafting that combines a handle, a blade for making the cut for a cleft graft and a wedge for holding it open while the scions are being inserted.  4, record 28, English, - grafting%20tool

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grafting tool. Specially designed tools have been developed for grafting. The most common one is used for cleft grafting. It has a blade used to split the stub and a wedge to hold the split open while the scions are inserted.  5, record 28, English, - grafting%20tool

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

With the cleft graft, a special cleft grafting tool is used... for splitting the stocks.  3, record 28, English, - grafting%20tool

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to two sources consulted, there exist other grafting tools than the one described above, and therefore it may be preferable to use the term "cleft grafting tool" in certain circumstances even though the definition given in the Webster Dictionary is unequivocal.  6, record 28, English, - grafting%20tool

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Il] est de fer, long d'un pied, le manche compris, épais de trois lignes : il a par-dessous un taillant de sept à huit pouces de long, et de trois de large, et au bout par-dessus une espèce de coin élevé d'un demi-pouce de large en bas, et d'un pouce et demi de haut pour tenir la fente ouverte, afin d'y insérer la greffe.  2, record 28, French, - fendoir

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instrumento cortante que sirve para efectuar injertos.  1, record 28, Spanish, - injeridor

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of plant propagation widely used in horticulture, where the tissues of one plant are encouraged to fuse with those of another.  3, record 29, English, - graft

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Grafting is normally used when propagating plants which are not hardy on their own roots or which do not reliably form roots with other propagating methods.  4, record 29, English, - graft

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération qui permet la multiplication des arbres fruitiers, de la vigne, de nombreuses espèces ornementales (arbres, rosiers, etc.) par l'insertion sur une plante d'une autre (greffon) dont on désire développer les caractères.  2, record 29, French, - greffe

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce terme peut désigner à la fois le greffon lui-même ou l'opération qui permet la multiplication des plants.  3, record 29, French, - greffe

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The speed of rejection in organs which occurs within two weeks of grafting, due to prior sensitization of the recipient to histocompatibility antigens.  1, record 30, English, - acute%20rejection

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La destruction immunitaire du rein greffé peut prendre plusieurs aspects. [Le] rejet aigu en 7 à 21 jours, [est] dû essentiellement à l'immunité cellulaire, accessoirement aux anticorps. Il s'agit d'une réaction spécifique aux allo-antigènes du donneur.  1, record 30, French, - rejet%20aigu

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Référence : Le site de l'université Joseph Fournier, Sciences, Technologie, Médecine. Grenoble. Mécanismes immunologiques du rejet de greffe. P. Vialtel - 1995.  2, record 30, French, - rejet%20aigu

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of or relating to the grafting of tissue in a natural position...  2, record 31, English, - orthotopic

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

orthotopic transplant  3, record 31, English, - orthotopic

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un organe, de certaine partie d'un organe, ou de certain tissu qui prend origine dans un endroit normal.  2, record 31, French, - orthotopique

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hyperacute/acute/chronic rejection describe the speed of rejection in organs such as the kidney.... Acute rejection occurs within two weeks of grafting, due to prior sensitization of the recipient to histocompatibility antigens. Chronic rejection occurs later due to the development of sensitivity to graft antigens. This sometimes occurs after the cessation of immunosuppression necessitated by infection.  1, record 32, English, - chronic%20rejection

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détérioration tardive de la greffe survient parfois chez les malades sous immunosuppresseurs. Ce type de rejet chronique est souvent insidieux mais inéluctable malgré l'intensification du traitement immunosuppresseur.  1, record 32, French, - rejet%20chronique

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Two types of polymers were prepared in order to understand how to enhance tensile and tear properties of fabrics by different mechanisms. The first method involved grafting(chemically attaching) the polymer on the fabric, and the second method involved loosely entangling the fabric with polymers.  2, record 33, English, - grafting

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traitement physico-chimique par lequel on crée sur la chaîne moléculaire principale de polymères naturels ou synthétiques (fils, étoffes), des fonctions complémentaires leur conférant durablement de nouvelles propriétés, par exemple : hydrophobie, antisepsie, filtration, affinité tinctoriale.  2, record 33, French, - greffage

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cleft graft(which is) used on stocks much greater in diameter than the scions(is) similar to the wedge graft.... Usually two, sometimes four scions are inserted in each trunk or branch of a cleft-grafted stock. To perform cleft grafting(a) chisel or special cleaver-like grafting tool(is used to) split the end of the stock across its center.(The scions are inserted) one at each end of the cleft at the circumference of the stock so that cambiums of stock and scion are in contact.  3, record 34, English, - cleft%20grafting

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Grafting of scions into the tops of trees, usually in the hope of inducing flowering by the scions.  4, record 35, English, - top%20working

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Topworking(topgrafting or topbudding) : is used primarily to change the cultivar of an established plant-tree, shrub, or vine-either by grafting... or budding...  2, record 35, English, - top%20working

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Greffage de scions dans les tiges supérieures des arbres dans l'espoir que ces derniers provoqueront une floraison.  3, record 35, French, - surgreffage

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La greffe d'arbres déjà plantés en verger s'appelle le surgreffage.  4, record 35, French, - surgreffage

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To propagate(a plant) by grafting or budding a scion to an intermediate piece of one variety grafted on a stock of another variety(as for overcoming incompatibility between scion and stock or for providing a superior trunk).  1, record 36, English, - double%2Dwork

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] greffer une deuxième fois le même sujet pour changer de variété.  2, record 36, French, - surgreffer

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On rabat à l'automne les branches qui seront surgreffées, en conservant des rameaux comme tire-sève [...]  3, record 36, French, - surgreffer

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A femoral-popliteal bypass graft is the favoured treatment for occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery. Usually, the patient's own long saphenous vein is used for the graft, a technique known as autogenous bypass grafting. Conventionally, the vein is dissected out from the groin to the knee, and its tributaries ligated. The vein is then reversed, so that the valves do not obstruct the blood flow, and joined to the common femoral artery above and the popliteal below.  3, record 37, English, - femoropopliteal%20bypass%20graft

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

femoropopliteal bypass. The anastomosis of a vascular graft to the femoral and popliteal arteries in order to bypass occlusive disease on the superficial femoral artery.  4, record 37, English, - femoropopliteal%20bypass%20graft

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bypass graft. An alternative blood vessel that is created by a surgeon to reroute blood flow.  5, record 37, English, - femoropopliteal%20bypass%20graft

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

175.000 $ pour un patient subissant une greffe fémoro-poplitée.  1, record 37, French, - greffe%20f%C3%A9moro%2Dpoplit%C3%A9e

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Euroforum 2001... The new textile fibres in 2001... the presentations : bio-active textiles nonwoven offerings micro-encapsulation grafting and bio-communicative clothes.  1, record 38, English, - bio%2Dcommunicative%20clothes

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Séminaire Euroforum 2001 [...] présentations : textiles bio-actifs l'offre des non-tissés la micro-encapsulation le greffage les vêtements communicants.  1, record 38, French, - v%C3%AAtements%20communicants

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material.  1, record 39, English, - implantation

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De façon générale une greffe est l'implantation d'une portion de tissu ou d'organe venant de l'individu lui-même ou bien d'un tiers.  1, record 39, French, - implantation

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This is carried out in exactly the same way as the top wedge graft except thet in this case the stock has no roots and the graft is treated as a cutting. In this way both grafting and propagation of the stock are carried out at the same time.  2, record 40, English, - cutting%20graft

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Greffe-bouture de l'aubergine et de la tomate. L'opération consiste à insérer le biseau du greffon dans l'ouverture de la bouture porte-greffe.  2, record 40, French, - greffe%2Dbouture

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of grafting, usually at the collar or on the roots of small seedling trees as in the propagation of nursery stock, or in joining small branches as in top-working. The stock is cut off with a long slanting cut in which a vertical slit, forming a kind of tongue, is made. The cuts on the lower end of the cion are made to complement those on the stock so that it is possible to insert the tongue of one in the slit of the other.  1, record 41, English, - whip%20and%20tongue%20grafting

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de greffe où le porte-greffe et le greffon sont préparés d'une façon identique : biseau portant une incision oblique, donnant naissance à une languette qui sert à l'assemblage.  2, record 41, French, - greffe%20%C3%A0%20l%27anglaise

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The dorsal approach provides satisfactory exposure for fragment reduction and bone grafting.  1, record 42, English, - dorsal%20approach

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'intervention de CHAMAY : il s'agit d'une arthrodèse radio-lunaire par voie dorsale associée à une synovectomie dorsale. C'est l'intervention de choix dans la carpite avec translation cubitale débutante.  1, record 42, French, - voie%20dorsale

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Intérêt de l'abord dorsal et du scanner préopératoire dans les fractures articulaires comminutives de l'extrémité distale du radius du sujet jeune.  2, record 42, French, - voie%20dorsale

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of grafting grape vines in which the fruitwood cutting is notched at the lower end. The rootstock cutting is also notched, but at the upper end and, most importantly, with a notch design which will allow the fruitwood piece to fit into the rootstock piece like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. After the two are pressed together in a way which causes the cambium layers to remain in tight contact, the couplet is stored on its side in a warm, moist condition for several weeks until a callous forms around the union, sealing it.  2, record 43, English, - bench%20graft

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The following system has been used by some Oregon growers with good results. It is a modification of a commercial system used in New Zealand by several nurseries and appears to work well there on all of the standard rootstocks. Unlike traditional methods, it does not require an 80oF callusing room or a greenhouse, making it an appealing system for small-scale grafting opertions.  3, record 44, English, - callusing%20room

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of preserving trees by grafting.  2, record 45, English, - bridge%20grafting

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bridge grafting is a form of repair grafting...  3, record 45, English, - bridge%20grafting

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

a form of grafting where damaged bark is bridged with wood which is grafted into the tree above and below the injury.  4, record 45, English, - bridge%20grafting

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le greffage en pont ou greffage de réparation n'est pas un procédé de propagation, mais un moyen de sauver des arbres gravement condamnés par des rongeurs.  2, record 45, French, - greffage%20en%20pont

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae, M.(Sciamyzus) ascolonicus, M.(Nectarosiphon) certus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Acyrthosiphon(Aulocorthum) solani, Myzus(Phorodon) humuli, Branchycaudus helichrysi; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.  3, record 46, English, - beet%20mild%20yellowing%20virus

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Virus transmis par : Puceron vert (Myzus persicae) et Puceron noir (Aphis fabae). Le virus infecte tous les tissus de la plante y compris les vaisseaux conducteurs. Le réservoir d'inoculum est constitué par les Betteraves non récoltées, ensilée ou porte-graines, les cultures d'Épinard ou diverses mauvaises herbes : Mouron (Anagallis arvensis), Chénopodes (Chenopodium sp.), Coquelicot (Papaver Rhæas), Capselle (Capsella bursa-pastoris), Véronique (Veronica sp.), Persicaire (Polygonum persicaria).  1, record 46, French, - jaunisse%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20betterave

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The virus is easily transmitted from grape to grape by grafting. It was not transmitted by mechanical means or by seeds. There is no evidence for the existence of natural spread of the virus. The principal cause of the presence of corky bark in Sao Paulo vineyards is the perpetuation of the virus by vegetative propagation of infected plants. The disease can be easily controlled by using propagative materials from clean grape stock.(Data Base BIOSIS.)  3, record 47, English, - grape%20plant%20material

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

c'est-à-dire matériel de multiplication, plants, porte-greffes, boutures  1, record 47, French, - mat%C3%A9riel%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal%20viticole

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material utilizado para la multiplicación de la vid, sea en forma de estaca, estaquilla, barbado etc.  4, record 47, Spanish, - material%20de%20multiplicaci%C3%B3n%20vegetativa

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un vivero está constituido por campos de pies madres [...], parcelas para la producción de barbados y parcelas para la producción de plantas injerto, con sus instalaciones auxiliares de conservación del material de multiplicación, locales de injertación, locales de estratificación [...]  2, record 47, Spanish, - material%20de%20multiplicaci%C3%B3n%20vegetativa

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure used to try to force fruit trees and some other woody plants to bloom. It is done by cutting a complete ring around the trunk below the lowest branch and another ring directly beneath the first, the bark between the two rings is removed and the scar covered with grafting wax.  3, record 48, English, - girdling

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Said of a tree that does not need grafting to propagate.  2, record 49, English, - self%2Drooted

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines variétés de prunier ont la faculté d'émettre des drageons, permettant la culture des «arbres francs de pied» ne requérant pas de greffage.  1, record 49, French, - franc%20de%20pied

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multiplier disease is found in the north central to northeastern United States and contiguous Canada and is thought to be caused by an MLO [mycoplasma-like organism]. Affected plants are spindly, and each produces numerous (up to 100) crowns ..., which give it a bushy appearance ...  2, record 50, English, - multiplier%20disease

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Resembling witches’ broom and stunt; transmitted by leaf grafting.  1, record 50, English, - multiplier%20disease

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hyperacute/acute/chronic rejection describe the speed of rejection in organs such as the kidney. Hyperacute reactions occur within minutes of implantation and are caused by preformed recipient antibody to the graft. Acute rejection occurs within two weeks of grafting, due to prior sensitization of the recipient to histocompatibility antigens. Chronic rejection occurs later due to the development of sensitivity to graft antigens. This sometimes occurs after the cessation of immuno-suppression necessitated by infection.  1, record 51, English, - hyperacute%20rejection

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rôle des anticorps dans le rejet est évident lorsque le receveur a été présensibilisé (par une grossesse, une transfusion sanguine ou une transplantation précédente) aux antigènes HLA présents sur le greffon. La greffe dans ces conditions conduit presque toujours à un rejet suraigu, entraînant la destruction du greffon en quelques heures ou même quelques minutes après sa revascularisation.  2, record 51, French, - rejet%20suraigu

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The dens of the axis that does not fuse with and remains separated from the body of the axis.  3, record 52, English, - os%20odontoideum

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Besides inflammatory arthritis and trauma, atlanto-axial instability can also be present in congenital anomalies such as os odontoideum in patients with Down’s, Morquio’s, or Klippel Feil syndromes.  4, record 52, English, - os%20odontoideum

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 CONT

We performed five transfers of the ipsilateral fibula in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. In all cases, conventional treatment by intramedullary-rod and autogenous-iliac bone grafting had failed at least once. We hoped to avoid the use of contralateralfibular grafting or other methods that have not yet been proven effective. The ipsilateral fibula was transferred, and its vascular pedicle left intact and secured to both fragments of the tibial pseudarthrosis by cerclage wires. All five transfers have united and hypertrophied with growth. We believe this salvage method is superior to others not only because of the successful results, but also because the intact limb is left undisturbed.  2, record 52, English, - os%20odontoideum

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'anomalie la plus fréquente est la pseudarthrose congénitale ou os odontoïde. C'est un ossicule rond ou ovale, bordé d'une ligne dense continue, séparée de la base de l'axis. Il se situe au niveau de l'odontoïde mais peut être plus haut situé, voire même fusionné avec le clivus. Chez l'enfant, il doit être différencié par les clichés dynamiques d'un défaut de fusion physiologique avant 12 ans.  1, record 52, French, - os%20odonto%C3%AFde

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a large grafting of iron bars or heavy timbers suspended by chains over the gateway of a fortified place and lowered between grooves to prevent passage.  1, record 53, English, - portcullis

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

herse sarrasine - herse de forteresse ayant l'aspect d'une grille munie d'un anneau à sa partie supérieure et dont les traverses verticales sont aiguisées à la porte inférieure.  2, record 53, French, - herse

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Autoclavable eye holders and containers for corneosceral buttons and a vertical microscope stand are available for bank use.  2, record 54, English, - eye%20holder

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A new system of microsurgery for human and experimental corneal grafting. I. the contact lens corneal cutter stereotaxic eye holder donor disc chuck, and frame.  3, record 54, English, - eye%20holder

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The uniting of a cion with a stock following grafting or budding.  2, record 55, English, - take

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

d'une greffe  1, record 55, French, - reprise

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An immature, succulent stem taken from a plant which is used for rooting or grafting.  2, record 56, English, - softwood%20cutting

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plant chimera produced by grafting tomato scions on potato plants...  2, record 57, English, - pomato