TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first laboratory-produced meat patty (cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger." The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials (vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one’s own kitchen within 20 years.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors(the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The English term "climate neutrality" is an informal concept... It has been used to designate an objective beyond carbon neutrality(understood as zero net emissions of atmospheric carbon dioxide by an organization, an industry, a project etc.) by including in the equation the net emissions of greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide.  2, record 2, English, - climate%20neutrality

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La neutralité climatique est un concept reposant sur le projet à long terme de la diminution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre jusqu'à une valeur proche de zéro. Ce concept peut être rattaché à celui de neutralité carbone.  2, record 2, French, - neutralit%C3%A9%20climatique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Energy Services Acquisition Program is part of the government's plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while creating jobs for the middle class and supporting the clean-tech industry.  3, record 3, English, - Energy%20Services%20Acquisition%20Program

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme d'acquisition de services énergétiques s'inscrit dans le plan du gouvernement qui vise à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre tout en créant des emplois pour la classe moyenne et en soutenant l'industrie des technologies propres.  3, record 3, French, - Programme%20d%27acquisition%20de%20services%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tiques

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If you accept the dogma of climatism, greenhouse gases from industry are causing catastrophic global warming. Melting ice caps, rising oceans, stronger hurricanes and storms, droughts and floods, species extinction, polar bear starvation, heat waves, disease, ocean acidification, and air pollution are all a result of man-made climate change, according to experts.  1, record 4, English, - climatism

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Flowers Canada Growers is the national trade association of the Canadian floral industry. [The] members across Canada include greenhouse growers, distributors and importers/exporters all dealing with cut flowers, potted plants, bedding plants, cut greens and specialty suppliers and services to the industry.  1, record 5, English, - Flowers%20Canada%20Growers

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Alberta Greenhouse Growers Association(AGGA) is an association of growers, educators and allied trades people whose mission is to service it's members by promoting and strengthening the industry in Alberta.  1, record 6, English, - Alberta%20Greenhouse%20Growers%20Association

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Additional guidance on consistent approaches for measuring and estimating greenhouse gas emissions, reductions, and removals by Canadian climate change initiatives is provided by the Greenhouse Gas Verification Centre. The Centre, co-led by Environment Canada and Natural Resources Canada, is a cross-cutting measure under Action Plan 2000 that assists domestic government and industry initiatives in developing methodologies, protocols, and standards.  1, record 7, English, - Greenhouse%20Gas%20Verification%20Centre

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Centre de vérification des gaz à effet de serre prodigue des conseils additionnels sur la façon logique de mesurer et d’estimer dans quelle mesure les initiatives de lutte contre les changements climatiques lancées par le Canada donnent lieu à l’émission, à la réduction et à l’absorption des gaz à effet de serre. Dirigé conjointement par Environnement Canada et Ressources naturelles Canada, le Centre est une mesure transsectorielle prise dans le cadre du Plan d’action 2000 qui aide l’industrie et le gouvernement canadien à mettre au point des méthodes, des protocoles et des normes.  1, record 7, French, - Centre%20de%20v%C3%A9rification%20des%20gaz%20%C3%A0%20effet%20de%20serre

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Vegetable Committee is comprises of all Canadian Horticultural Council members who produce, pack, ship, and process vegetables, including root crops and the greenhouse sector. The potato industry is represented by its own Potato Committee. Representatives from federal and provincial governments also participate on the Vegetable Committee.  1, record 8, English, - Vegetable%20Committee

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Comité pour les légumes est composé de tous les membres du Conseil canadien de l'horticulture qui cultivent, conditionnent, expédient ou transforment des légumes, et de représentants des gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux.  1, record 8, French, - Comit%C3%A9%20pour%20les%20l%C3%A9gumes

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound under the form of a colorless, odorless, noncombustible gas, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, that is used as a dielectric (gaseous insulator for electrical equipment and radar waveguides).  3, record 9, English, - sulfur%20hexafluoride

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Other potential greenhouse gases include methyl chloroform, methylene chloride, Halon-1301, CFC-13, CFC-14, carbon tetrachloride, peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN), sulfur hexafluoride, and stratospheric water vapor.... Sulfur hexafluoride is associated with the aluminum industry and, like carbon tetrafluoride, has an extremely long atmospheric lifetime.  4, record 9, English, - sulfur%20hexafluoride

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: SF₆  5, record 9, English, - sulfur%20hexafluoride

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé chimique se présentant sous la forme d'un gaz incolore, peu soluble dans l'eau, soluble dans la potasse, l'alcool et l'éther, utilisé comme diélectrique.  2, record 9, French, - hexafluorure%20de%20soufre

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Produit considéré comme un gaz à effet de serre potentiel.  3, record 9, French, - hexafluorure%20de%20soufre

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : SF₆  2, record 9, French, - hexafluorure%20de%20soufre

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation(CIPEC) is an industry-government partnership that helps Canada's industries improve their energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. It is a voluntary program that brings together industry associations and companies that represent more than 95 percent of all industrial energy use in Canada.  1, record 10, English, - Canadian%20Industry%20Program%20for%20Energy%20Conservation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme d'économies d'énergie dans l'industrie canadienne (PEEIC) est un partenariat entre l'industrie et le gouvernement qui vise à améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des industries canadiennes et à les aider à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre qui contribuent aux changements climatiques. Le PEEIC est un programme volontaire qui rassemble des associations de l'industrie et des entreprises qui représentent plus de 95 p. 100 de toute la consommation d'énergie industrielle au Canada.  1, record 10, French, - Programme%20d%27%C3%A9conomies%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20dans%20l%27industrie%20canadienne

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A partnership between industry and the federal government of Canada which] coordinates research and development of materials and processes for weight reduction in transportation applications [in order to] reduce greenhouse gas emissions through improved vehicle efficiency [and to] improve the competitive position of Canadian operations involved in the vehicle manufacturing chain.  1, record 11, English, - Canadian%20Lightweight%20Materials%20Research%20Initiative

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Association de partenaires de l'industrie et du gouvernement fédéral canadien assurant] la coordination de la recherche-développement dans le domaine des matériaux et des procédés permettant l'allégement du matériel dans les transports [et dont les] principaux objectifs sont : la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre grâce à l'amélioration de l'efficacité des véhicules [et] la bonification de la position concurrentielle qu'occupent les exploitants canadiens dans la chaîne de fabrication des véhicules.  1, record 11, French, - Initiative%20canadienne%20de%20recherche%20sur%20les%20mat%C3%A9riaux%20l%C3%A9gers

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canadian Horticultural Council(CHC). The Research and Technology Committee works to represent member interests in the areas of research and technological advances that affect the horticulture industry. The Chair of the Committee sits on the Canadian Agri-Food Research Council, as does a second CHC representative from the Canadian greenhouse industry.  1, record 12, English, - Research%20and%20Technology%20Committee

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conseil canadien de l'horticulture. Le Comité de la recherche et de la technologie représente les intérêts des membres dans les activités relatives à la recherche et aux progrès techniques qui concernent le secteur horticole. Le président de ce comité siège au sein du Conseil de recherches agro-alimentaires du Canada.  1, record 12, French, - Comit%C3%A9%20de%20la%20recherche%20et%20de%20la%20technologie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing subsector is based on the transformation of crude petroleum and coal into usable products. The dominant process is petroleum refining that involves the separation of crude petroleum into component products through such techniques as cracking and distillation. In addition, this subsector includes establishments that primarily further process refined petroleum and coal products and produce products, such as asphalt coatings and petroleum lubricating oils. However, establishments that manufacture petrochemicals from refined petroleum are classified in Industry 32511, Petrochemical Manufacturing.  3, record 13, English, - refined%20petroleum%20and%20coal%20products

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Thermal electricity is derived mainly from coal and refined petroleum products (e.g. automotive petrol) which in turn is derived from crude oil.  4, record 13, English, - refined%20petroleum%20and%20coal%20products

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Greenhouse gas emissions from the pulp and paper industry decreased 19% from 1990 to 1999, while product output increased 27%. These diverging trends result from a 42% reduction in coal and heavy fuel oil use, increased use of natural gas and electricity, as well as energy efficiency improvements. For example, natural gas provides more than twice the energy supplied by coal and refined petroleum products to the sub-sector.  5, record 13, English, - refined%20petroleum%20and%20coal%20products

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

refined petroleum and coal products: term officially approved by the Subcommittee on Terminological and Linguistic Standardization of Statistics Canada, Standardization file 20, June 2003.  6, record 13, English, - refined%20petroleum%20and%20coal%20products

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Exports of coal and refined petroleum products.  7, record 13, English, - refined%20petroleum%20and%20coal%20products

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les émissions de l'industrie des pâtes et papiers ont diminué de 19 % entre 1990 et 1999, alors que la production a augmenté de 27 %. Ces tendances divergentes s'expliquent par une réduction de 42 % dans l'utilisation du charbon et du mazout lourd, par une plus grande utilisation du gaz naturel et de l'électricité ainsi que par l'apport d'améliorations éconergétiques. Par exemple, dans l'approvisionnement énergétique du sous-secteur, la part du gaz naturel est plus de deux fois supérieure à celle du charbon et des produits pétroliers raffinés.  2, record 13, French, - produits%20du%20p%C3%A9trole%20raffin%C3%A9%20et%20du%20charbon

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

produits du pétrole raffiné et du charbon : terme uniformisé par le Sous-comité d'uniformisation terminologique et linguistique de Statistique Canada, juin 2003. Voir des explications supplémentaires dans la justification qui suit.  3, record 13, French, - produits%20du%20p%C3%A9trole%20raffin%C3%A9%20et%20du%20charbon

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La publication 45-250-XPB, périodique annuel qui a été publié par Statistique Canada de 1988 à 1998, portait le titre de «Industries des produits raffinés du pétrole et du charbon». Il est à noter que cette publication a cessé de paraître et que le titre en était mal formé. Dans l'expression «produits raffinés du pétrole et du charbon», l'accord de l'adjectif «raffiné» avec le substantif «produit» entraîne un faux sens puisqu'il sous-entend qu'il y a deux types de produits raffinés : les produits raffinés du pétrole et les produits raffinés du charbon. Or, le charbon ne fait pas l'objet d'un raffinage, mais d'un traitement, et il n'y a donc pas de «produits raffinés du charbon». Pour rendre correctement l'expression anglaise «refined petroleum and coal products», il faut dire «produits du pétrole raffiné et du charbon». [Dossier d'uniformisation 20 du Sous-comité d'uniformisation terminologique et linguistique de Statistique Canada, juin 2003.]  3, record 13, French, - produits%20du%20p%C3%A9trole%20raffin%C3%A9%20et%20du%20charbon

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... which is identifying measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 25 to 30 subsectors of Canadian industry. National Climate Change Process.  1, record 14, English, - Industry%20Table

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... qui relève des mesures pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans 25 à 30 sous-secteurs de l'industrie canadienne. Processus national sur le changement climatique.  1, record 14, French, - Table%20de%20l%27industrie

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Pilot is designed to test the effectiveness of emission reduction trading for greenhouse gases in the Canadian context. This 18-month pilot is a partnership between the Canadian federal government, a number of provinces, industry, labour and environmental groups.  1, record 15, English, - Green%20Gas%20Emission%20Reduction%20Trading%20Pilot

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish