TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principles of gyroscopic action.... Dynamic stability. When the cone sits on its base on a flat surface and is tipped slightly, it returns to its original position when the tipping force is removed. This is said to be a statically stable position. If the cone is turned over, it may momentarily be possible to balance it on its pointed end, but the slightest tipping force will make it fall on its side. The latter position is said to be statically unstable.  1, record 1, English, - statically%20unstable%20position

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Eurofighter. La Business Unit «Military Aircraft» d'EADS, responsable du développement du système. Régulateur numérique et pilote automatique pour un avion statiquement instable. Respect automatique des limites de manœuvre (Carefree Manoeuvring) et optimisation de la configuration des gouvernes (Configuration Control).  2, record 1, French, - position%20statiquement%20instable

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of a rotating body, when a force is applied perpendicular to its plane of rotation, to turn in the direction of its rotation 90 degrees to its axis and take up a new plane of rotation parallel to the applied force.  7, record 2, English, - precessional%20motion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopic precession... When force is applied to a gyro, the device reacts as if the force had been applied at a point 90 degrees from the point of actual application, in the direction of rotation. Precession affects propellers, which act like gyros, and gyro instruments. Its principle effect is on the heading indicator, which tends to drift over time.  8, record 2, English, - precessional%20motion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A gyroscope will not only resist being moved out of its vertical position, it will also generate force as it attempts to travel in large, circular patterns. These patterns are most easily seen with a spinning top. As the top begins losing its energy, it never simply spirals straight down in the same direction that it was originally spinning. As it destabilizes, it will always begin slowly rotating or precessing in a slow, even circle that is in the opposite direction to its normal spinning motion. These circular patterns are known as "precessional" motions, and they are another aspect of a gyroscope’s movement that will occur either in air or in a vacuum and can be used to overcome gravity.  9, record 2, English, - precessional%20motion

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

If an airplane changes suddenly from a nose up to a nose down position, as is the case during the take-off roll in a tail wheel airplane, the airplane will yaw sharply to the left as the pilot shoves the wheel forward to raise the tail. The application of right rudder compensates for the precession tendency.  7, record 2, English, - precessional%20motion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance qu'a un corps en rotation, sur lequel on applique une force perpendiculairement à son axe de rotation, de tourner 90 degrés par rapport à son axe de rotation, dans le même sens que la rotation, pour finir sur un nouveau plan de rotation parallèle à la force appliquée.  5, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si l'on applique un couple à un gyroscope en rotation, couple appliqué sur un axe différent de son axe de rotation, il réagit à ce couple de manière à amener son axe de rotation parallèle à celui du couple appliqué, et ceci par le plus court chemin. Ce mouvement est dit «mouvement de précession» lorsqu'il est provoqué volontairement, et «dérive» lorsqu'il est dû à un élément perturbateur.  6, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Mouvement de précession stable d'un gyroscope.  7, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'usage fait donner des appellations différentes à cette composante de rotation instantanée [...] : lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène déterministe et connu, on l'appelle «précession gyroscopique»; lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène aléatoire, ou bien que l'on ne maîtrise pas, on l'appelle «dérive gyroscopique».  8, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

précession; précession gyroscopique : termes d'usage obligatoire au Bureau de la traduction du Canada.  9, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Précession astronomique, précession de déplacement, précession instrumentale, précession mécanique.  10, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9cession

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Movimiento cónico de rotación, en torno de una posición media, que toma en el espacio el eje de los cuerpos que giran sobre sí mismos con movimiento giroscópico.  1, record 2, Spanish, - precesi%C3%B3n

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The condition in which the projectile always points to the right of the trajectory.  1, record 3, English, - equilibrium%20yaw

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because the trajectory is continually falling away, the nose of the precessing projectile will point above the trajectory more so than below it. The result is that a certain degree of force is continually being exerted under the nose of the projectile. The dominating gyroscopic effect is to keep the nose of the projectile pointed to the right.  1, record 3, English, - equilibrium%20yaw

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État du projectile qui pointe toujours vers la droite de la trajectoire.  1, record 3, French, - lacet%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La trajectoire descendant continuellement, l'avant du projectile, en mouvement de précession, pointe plus au-dessus qu'au-dessous de la trajectoire. Une certaine force s'exerce alors sans cesse sous l'avant du projectile. L'effet gyroscopique dominant est de maintenir l'avant du projectile pointé vers la droite.  1, record 3, French, - lacet%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

lacet d'équilibre : terme et définition uniformisés par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  2, record 3, French, - lacet%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is... apparent that gyroscopic inertia depends on the angular velocity and the momentum of inertia of the rotor, or on its angular momentum. The rotor wheel is subject to the laws of rotational motion and inertia in that a freely rotating body will maintain a fixed direction in space, and the rotor tends to preserve its angular momentum, or spinning action, unless acted on by some external force.  3, record 4, English, - angular%20momentum

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The first ... mechanical quantity [involved in gyroscopic motion] is the angular momentum, or "spin," of a gyroscope. Thus, the top can spin in either of two directions, described as clockwise or counterclockwise when looking along the axis of symmetry. Its angular momentum, or spin, can be represented as a directed line segment, called the spin vector, that points along the axis.  2, record 4, English, - angular%20momentum

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chaque électron d'un atome possède un moment angulaire orbital, qui serait dû à sa rotation autour du noyau selon les modèles classiques, et un moment angulaire intrinsèque, analogue au moment d'un gyroscope, appelé «spin». Dans le cas des noyaux, les moments angulaires sont colinéaires et leur rapport est appelé rapport gyromagnétique.  1, record 4, French, - moment%20angulaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En un cuerpo sometido a una rotación circular, producto que resulta de multiplicar la fuerza aplicada en un punto del mismo por la distancia que media entre éste y el eje de rotación.  1, record 4, Spanish, - momento%20angular

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of any rotating body, if undisturbed, to maintain its plane of rotation.  5, record 5, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rigidity in space. The gyroscope resists turning. When it is "gimbaled" (free to move in a given direction) such that it is free to move either in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions, any surface such as an instrument dial attached to the gyro assembly will remain rigid in space even though the case of the gyro turns. The attitude indicator (AI) and the heading indicator (HI) use this property of rigidity in space for their operation.  6, record 5, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The turning of the frisbee mostly produces "stability", that is the spinning keeps the frisbee level in flight due to the "gyroscopic" effect, i.e. any spinning disc likes to stay spinning at the same angle.  8, record 5, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

A gyroscope is any rotating body that exhibits two fundamental properties :gyroscopic inertia, or rigidity in space, and precession, the tilting of the axis at right angles to any force tending to alter the plane of rotation. These properties are inherent in all rotating bodies, including the earth itself.  9, record 5, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 PHR

To remain rigid in space.  6, record 5, English, - gyroscopic%20inertia

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance qu'a un corps en rotation de maintenir son plan de rotation s'il n'est pas dérangé.  3, record 5, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'inertie gyroscopique, appelée aussi effet gyroscopique, constitue la propriété fondamentale des gyroscopes. [...] Il s'agit d'un principe selon lequel tous les objets résistent naturellement à l'accélération ou au changement de direction. (Par exemple, les occupants d'une voiture sont projetés vers l'avant quand celle-ci s'arrête brusquement parce qu'en raison de leur inertie, les corps continuent leur mouvement vers l'avant même si la voiture s'est arrêtée.) Lorsqu'on parle d'inertie gyroscopique, on fait allusion à l'inertie que possède un corps qui tourne. Tous les objets tournant autour d'un axe ont tendance à maintenir une orientation fixe, c'est-à-dire une direction de rotation et une position fixes, si aucune force n'intervient. En d'autres mots, un objet qui tourne a tendance à rester dans la même position.  2, record 5, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un gyroscope [...] utilise [...] la propriété caractéristique d'inertialité (fixité dans l'espace absolu), totale ou partielle de certains phénomènes physiques.  8, record 5, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains spécialistes contestent l'emploi du terme «rigidité» qui semble être un calque de l'anglais occasionnant un non-sens en français.  11, record 5, French, - inertie%20gyroscopique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a skidding turn, the gyro precesses towards the inside of the turn. After return on the aircraft to straight and level flight, the instrument shows a turn in the direction of the skid. In a normal turn, the gyro precesses towards the inside of the turn. The precession error is quickly corrected by the erecting mechanism.  2, record 6, English, - erecting%20mechanism

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The only really tricky part of the attitude indicator is its erecting mechanism. When power(vacuum) is first applied to the instrument, the mechanism quickly erects the gyro spindle to plumb-vertical in order to align the artificial horizon with the natural horizon. In flight, the erecting mechanism continually compensates the gyro for precession errors in order to keep it aligned throughout the course of a long flight. The design of the erecting mechanism is quite clever. In an air-driven attitude gyro, there are "pendulous vanes" suspended from pivots attached to the lower portion of the sealed gyro housing, one vane for each exhaust port. The vanes are positioned so that, when the gyro is erect, each vane half-covers its associated exhaust port. If the gyro tilts so that its axle is not plumb, the pendulous vanes shift so that one exhaust port is more-than-half-covered and the opposite exhaust port is less-than-half-covered. The resulting imbalance of discharge air exerts a force on the rotor housing at right angles to the direction of tilt, causing the gyro to precess to the erect position. As soon as the gyro is erect, the pendulous vanes return to a balanced condition to remove the precessing force. Pure magic! The erecting mechanism can erect the gyro quite quickly at initial power-up because the gyro doesn’t exhibit much gyroscopic rigidity at low rotor RPMs. Typically, the horizon bar becomes level within the first 10 or 15 seconds, and then its oscillations(caused by precessional nutation of the gyro) are damped out within a minute or so as the rotor comes up-to-speed.  3, record 6, English, - erecting%20mechanism

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans un virage dérapé, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Une fois l'avion revenu au vol rectiligne en palier, l'instrument indique un virage dans la direction du dérapage. Dans un virage normal, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Le mécanisme de redressement du gyroscope corrige rapidement l'erreur de précession.  1, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Description d'un Épervier [drone] [...] d. Le gyroscope vertical: Dans ce cas, les deux axes, ROLL et PITCH sont terminés par les potentiomètres qui détectent les écarts de positions angulaires du corps par rapport aux horizons roll et pitch. Les mécanismes d'érection ne sont prévus que pour maintenir la verticalité parfaite de la masse en rotation.  6, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horizon gyroscopique [...] La verticalité de l'axe de toupie [delta] est approximativement assurée par un érecteur (mécanique, électro-mécanique, pneumatique) produisant une raideur en quadrature de signe convenable.  7, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

GyroTorque Operating Principle. Gyroscopic reaction torque is generated when precessing a spinning rotor. A very common form of gyroscopic reaction is experienced when riding a bicycle, where the front wheel exhibits the properties of a gyroscopic rotor. If, as is too often the case, an off-balance torque is created by gravitational force, the rider intuitively counters the gravitational torque by turning the handle bar, which, in effect, amounts to precessing the rotor-like front wheel. The faster the bicycle is travelling, the greater is the spin of the front wheel and, hence, the smaller is the precession required to counter the off-balance torque. The operational advantages of GyroTorque result from a novel technique of generation and rectification of gyroscopic reaction torque from a rotor as it is applied to an input-independent output shaft.  1, record 7, English, - gyroscopic%20reaction%20torque

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La force centrifuge agit dans le même sens que le couple de réaction gyroscopique.  1, record 7, French, - couple%20de%20r%C3%A9action%20gyroscopique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopic Precession Principle : When a force is applied to a spinning gyro, the maximum reaction occurs 90° later in the direction of rotation.  2, record 8, English, - principle%20of%20precession

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Precision Gyroscope. For demonstration of gyroscopic stabilization, gyrocompass, inertial guidance, principle of precession, etc. Dynamically-balanced, metallic rotor disc is mounted on a gimbal ring with cone bearings. Included are a plastic base with pivot cradle, and a second base with gimbal cradle. Cord included for rotating the rotor disc. With instructions.  4, record 8, English, - principle%20of%20precession

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'indicateur de virage est un gyromètre utilisant la loi de précession d'un gyroscope à un degré de liberté. Il indique le taux et le sens de virage.  1, record 8, French, - loi%20de%20pr%C3%A9cession

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Principe de la précession. La précession est le mouvement conique, séculaire que décrit l'axe des pôles terrestre.  2, record 8, French, - loi%20de%20pr%C3%A9cession

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A significant advantage of the HI (heading indicator) over the magnetic compass is its steadiness in turbulence and various aircraft movements... the compass have several errors introduced during turns, acceleration and deceleration. The HI is unaffected by these maneuvers and by turbulence, and is a reliable instrument as long as the precession re-adjustment is made in timely fashion.  1, record 9, English, - precession%20re%2Dadjustment

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gyroscopic precession. The reaction of a gyro when a force is applied to the spinning wheel. When force is applied to a gyro, the device reacts as if the force had been applied at a point 90 degrees from the point of actual application, in the direction of rotation. Precession affects propellers, which act like gyros, and gyro instruments. Its principle effect is on the heading indicator, which tends to drift over time.  2, record 9, English, - precession%20re%2Dadjustment

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Erreur de précession. Les forces de friction présentes dans le système gyroscopique engendrent la précession. Cette précession occasionne un «glissement» ou une «dérive» d'environ 3 degrés dans la lecture de l'instrument et ce, à toutes les 15 minutes. Le gyroscope est aussi sujet à la précession apparente. L'inertie gyroscopique garde le gyroscope fixe dans l'espace de sorte qu'il ne bouge pas par rapport à l'espace. Cependant, la terre qui tourne en dessous du gyroscope donne à ce dernier un mouvement apparent par rapport à la terre. La rotation de la terre cause une dérive apparente, ou précession, qui varie avec la latitude [...] L'erreur de précession, à la fois mécanique et apparente, doit être corrigée à intervalles réguliers, c.-à-d. toutes les 15 minutes.  2, record 9, French, - correction%20de%20l%27erreur%20de%20pr%C3%A9cession

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopic principles. Any spinning object possesses gyroscopic characteristics. The central mechanism of the gyroscope is a wheel similar to a bicycle wheel. It’s outer rim has a heavy mass. It rotates at high speed on very low friction bearings. When it is rotating normally, it resists changes in direction. The gyroscope exhibits two predominant characteristics. Rigidity in space. Precession.  2, record 10, English, - gyroscopic%20principle

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hands-on experience with gyroscopes is a good way to help children understand rotational motion. Have students experiment with spinning tops on a large, hard, flat surface such as the gymnasium floor. The students should set the tops spinning and make observations about what happens when they push the spinning tops in certain directions. They can try applying force to the gyroscopes at different heights from the ground to see how this affects the movement of a spinning top. All this can be related to gyroscopic principles(such as precession and gyroscopic inertia), as well as applications of these principles(satellites, bicycles, etc.) in real life.  3, record 10, English, - gyroscopic%20principle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les expériences pratiques avec les gyroscopes constituent un bon moyen d'aider les élèves à comprendre le mouvement de rotation. Demander aux élèves de faire tourner des toupies sur une surface vaste, dure et plane comme le plancher du gymnase. Les élèves doivent faire tourner les toupies et observer ce qui se passe quand ils (elles) les poussent dans certaines directions. Ils peuvent essayer d'appliquer de la force aux toupies placées à différentes hauteurs du sol, afin de voir l'effet que cela produit sur leur mouvement. Tout cela peut être relié aux principes gyroscopiques (comme la précession et inertie gyroscopique), ainsi qu'à leurs applications dans la vie courante (satellites, bicyclettes, etc.).  2, record 10, French, - principe%20gyroscopique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principles of gyroscopic action.... Dynamic stability. When the cone sits on its base on a flat surface and is tipped slightly, it returns to its original position when the tipping force is removed. This is said to be a statically stable position. If the cone is turned over, it may momentarily be possible to balance it on its pointed end, but the slightest tipping force will make it fall on its side. The latter position is said to be statically unstable.  2, record 11, English, - statically%20stable%20position

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The aim of this section is to calculate the torques which have to be generated in the leg joints to hold the leg in a statically stable position. Dynamic forces will not be taken into consideration, since all movements of the robot are slow. First, the torques will be calculated as functions of the leg geometry, position, and the weight to be supported by the leg. Afterwards, these general expressions will be evaluated for a real robot leg.  3, record 11, English, - statically%20stable%20position

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] la condition nécessaire et suffisante pour qu'un aéronef soit statiquement stable en vol est que son centre de gravité soit situé en avant d'un point bien particulier, le foyer aérodynamique (ou foyer tout court) global de l'appareil.  2, record 11, French, - position%20statiquement%20stable

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the gyroscope were a perfect instrument, it would be possible to determine the position of a satellite or a space vehicle with respect to its own fixed axes. But a gyroscope precesses... A very good gyroscope only precesses a few thousandths of a degree of arc in an hour, but at the end of a week the error is about one degree and it is twenty-five degrees at the end of six months.  2, record 12, English, - precess

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The HI [heading indicator] gyroscope may precess in small amounts over time. Therefore, the HI should be checked against the compass in 15 minute intervals.  3, record 12, English, - precess

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gyroscopic precession. The reaction of a gyro when a force is applied to the spinning wheel. When force is applied to a gyro, the device reacts as if the force had been applied at a point 90 degrees from the point of actual application, in the direction of rotation. Precession affects propellers, which act like gyros, and gyro instruments. Its principle effect is on the heading indicator, which tends to drift over time.  4, record 12, English, - precess

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

precession: A comparatively slow gyration of the rotation axis of a spinning body about another line intersecting it so as to describe a cone.  5, record 12, English, - precess

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comment pointer les gyros ?: [...] il suffit de commander les couples adéquats pour faire précessionner S2 en [phi] et [psi], jusqu'au bon alignement sur l'étoile choisie.  3, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] une roue de vélo soutenue à une extrémité de son axe précessionne à l'horizontale.  4, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Le proton va donc précesser en décrivant un cône parallèle ou antiparallèle selon son niveau d'énergie.  5, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Dans un virage dérapé, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Une fois l'avion revenu au vol rectiligne en palier, l'instrument indique un virage dans la direction du dérapage. Dans un virage normal, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Le mécanisme de redressement du gyroscope corrige rapidement l'erreur de précession.  6, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 5 CONT

[...] on peut montrer en mécanique qu'un gyroscope soumis à un moment de force (par exemple, une toupie inclinée reposant sur sa pointe et soumise à son poids) précesse, c'est-à-dire que son axe de rotation décrit un cône en une période beaucoup plus longue que celle de sa rotation propre.  7, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

précession : Mécanique physique. Mouvement conique décrit, autour d'une position moyenne, par l'axe de rotation propre d'un corps animé d'un mouvement gyroscopique.  8, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

précesser; précessionner : À ce jour (2000), les deux termes ne sont pas répertoriés dans les dictionnaires courants; cependant, les deux formes sont largement attestées dans les textes les plus pointus sur Internet, avec un léger avantage pour «précesser». L'usage ne semble pas avoir tranché en faveur de l'un ou de l'autre. On pourrait penser cependant que la forme «précessionner» est plus conforme aux principes de création par dérivation en français.  9, record 12, French, - pr%C3%A9cessionner

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish