TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a skidding turn, the gyro precesses towards the inside of the turn. After return on the aircraft to straight and level flight, the instrument shows a turn in the direction of the skid. In a normal turn, the gyro precesses towards the inside of the turn. The precession error is quickly corrected by the erecting mechanism.  2, record 1, English, - erecting%20mechanism

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The only really tricky part of the attitude indicator is its erecting mechanism. When power(vacuum) is first applied to the instrument, the mechanism quickly erects the gyro spindle to plumb-vertical in order to align the artificial horizon with the natural horizon. In flight, the erecting mechanism continually compensates the gyro for precession errors in order to keep it aligned throughout the course of a long flight. The design of the erecting mechanism is quite clever. In an air-driven attitude gyro, there are "pendulous vanes" suspended from pivots attached to the lower portion of the sealed gyro housing, one vane for each exhaust port. The vanes are positioned so that, when the gyro is erect, each vane half-covers its associated exhaust port. If the gyro tilts so that its axle is not plumb, the pendulous vanes shift so that one exhaust port is more-than-half-covered and the opposite exhaust port is less-than-half-covered. The resulting imbalance of discharge air exerts a force on the rotor housing at right angles to the direction of tilt, causing the gyro to precess to the erect position. As soon as the gyro is erect, the pendulous vanes return to a balanced condition to remove the precessing force. Pure magic! The erecting mechanism can erect the gyro quite quickly at initial power-up because the gyro doesn’t exhibit much gyroscopic rigidity at low rotor RPMs. Typically, the horizon bar becomes level within the first 10 or 15 seconds, and then its oscillations(caused by precessional nutation of the gyro) are damped out within a minute or so as the rotor comes up-to-speed.  3, record 1, English, - erecting%20mechanism

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans un virage dérapé, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Une fois l'avion revenu au vol rectiligne en palier, l'instrument indique un virage dans la direction du dérapage. Dans un virage normal, le gyroscope «précesse» du côté du virage. Le mécanisme de redressement du gyroscope corrige rapidement l'erreur de précession.  1, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Description d'un Épervier [drone] [...] d. Le gyroscope vertical: Dans ce cas, les deux axes, ROLL et PITCH sont terminés par les potentiomètres qui détectent les écarts de positions angulaires du corps par rapport aux horizons roll et pitch. Les mécanismes d'érection ne sont prévus que pour maintenir la verticalité parfaite de la masse en rotation.  6, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horizon gyroscopique [...] La verticalité de l'axe de toupie [delta] est approximativement assurée par un érecteur (mécanique, électro-mécanique, pneumatique) produisant une raideur en quadrature de signe convenable.  7, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20redressement

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A gyroscope in which the rotor is suspended in a liquid.  8, record 2, English, - floated%20gyroscope

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first type of gyroscopic instrument to successfully reduce gimbal bearing friction to an acceptable level for precision applications was the floated gyroscope. In this instrument the rotating member is sealed within a hollow cylinder which forms the inner gimbal of the gyro. This is mounted in the gyro case whith a fluid surrounding the cylinder; the density of the fluid is chosen so as to exactly float the cylinder, thus removing the weight of the inner gimbal from the bearings and greatly relieving the bearing frictional load.  2, record 2, English, - floated%20gyroscope

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The actual gyroscope is floated on a film of liquid, and it is called a floating gyroscope to distinguish it from the pendulous type in which the gyroscope unit is suspended and hangs under gravity.  9, record 2, English, - floated%20gyroscope

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Floatation. Same as flotation.  10, record 2, English, - floated%20gyroscope

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyroscope [...] baigne dans un liquide très visqueux, à une température de l'ordre de 60 à 80 °C, dont le rôle est double : 1- La viscosité importante sert d'amortissement 2- La densité est telle que ce liquide de flottaison donne une poussée d'Archimède qui équilibre le poids apparent. Ce qui réduit les efforts d'appui sur les paliers et donc les couples de frottement. Un tel dispositif porte bien son nom de gyroscope flottant.  4, record 2, French, - gyroscope%20flottant

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La conservation du moment cinétique a donné lieu aux gyroscopes à toupie flottée, aux gyroscopes à toupie accordée (SEC) et au gyroscope à suspension électrostatique (GSE). Les gyroscopes flottés ont une toupie en flottaison dans un fluide qui compense les pertes par frottements.  3, record 2, French, - gyroscope%20flottant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first type of gyroscopic instrument to successfully reduce gimbal bearing friction to an acceptable level for precision applications was the floated gyroscope. In this instrument the rotating member is sealed within a hollow cylinder which forms the inner gimbal of the gyro.  1, record 3, English, - rotating%20member

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un corps de révolution, comme une toupie qui tourne très vite autour de son axe et qui est suspendue sans contrainte, garde son axe de rotation pointé vers une direction fixe de l'espace (étoile dans le ciel par exemple) et s'oppose à tout changement de cette direction [...] C'est sur ce principe que fonctionnent les gyroscopes mécaniques.  1, record 3, French, - corps%20de%20r%C3%A9volution

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The attitude indicator (also called the artificial horizon or the gyro horizon) provides the pilot with an artificial horizon as a means of reference when the natural horizon cannot be seen because of cloud, fog, rain or other obstructions to visibility... The natural horizon is represented by a horizon bar on the face of the instrument.  4, record 4, English, - natural%20horizon

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The attitude indicator relies on the principle of gyroscopic rigidity in space--the rapidly-spinning rotor disk resists any attempt to disturb its orientation. Thus, the gyro provides a stable horizontal reference against which the pitch and roll attitudes of the aircraft can be measured. The "artificial horizon bar" on the face of the attitude indicator is mechanically coupled to the gyro inside, so it remains parallel to the natural horizon. The instrument's little "symbolic airplane" is fixed to the instrument case, however, so it follows the roll and pitch movements of the real airplane. Consequently, the relationship of the horizon bar to the symbolic airplane is the same as the relationship between the natural horizon and the real airplane.  5, record 4, English, - natural%20horizon

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The attitude indicator and heading indicator are based on a gyro’s rigidity in space. Because a gyro resists being tipped over, it can provide a stable reference to the real horizon or to a specific direction.  2, record 4, English, - natural%20horizon

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Horizon artificiel. Cet instrument gyroscopique indique au pilote la position des ailes et du nez de l'avion par rapport à l'horizon terrestre lorsque l'horizon naturel n'est pas visible en raison des nuages, du brouillard, de la pluie.  2, record 4, French, - horizon%20naturel

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En cas de perte des références extérieures, (rentrer dans un nuage, forte dégradation de la visibilité par brume ou pluie...), le pilote ne disposera plus que d'une vision réduite de son environnement par l'intermédiaire de l'horizon artificiel. Cet instrument sera - au même titre que l'horizon naturel en pilotage à vue - sa référence principale.  4, record 4, French, - horizon%20naturel

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'horizon artificiel dont se servent les pilotes d'avion est produit par un gyroscope en mouvement. Cet instrument est extrêmement important pour les pilotes puisqu'il leur indique la position de l'avion par rapport à l'horizon vrai.  3, record 4, French, - horizon%20naturel

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les termes «horizon terrestre» et «horizon naturel» ne sont pas de parfaits synonymes mais, en contexte de pilotage avion, on peut penser que les deux termes se confondent.  5, record 4, French, - horizon%20naturel

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A linear accelerometer using a single-degree-of-freedom gyro having a pendulosity along the spin axis that is servo-driven about the input axis at a rate that balances the torque induced by sensed acceleration along the input axis. The angle through which the servoed axis rotates is proportional to the integral of the sensed acceleration.  3, record 5, English, - pendulous%20integrating%20gyroscopic%20accelerometer

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The intercontinental ballistic missiles(ICBM) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles(SLBM) developed over the past 50 years have employed successive generations of increasingly accurate inertial guidance systems. The comparatively short time of guided flight and high acceleration levels characteristic of the ballistic missile application place a premium on accelerometer performance to achieve desired weapon system accuracy. To date, the accelerometer design of choice for strategic missiles has been the Pendulous Integrating Gyroscopic Accelerometer(PIGA) instrument, an accelerometer whose origins trace back to the German V2 rocket, and has been refined through several generations of development to achieve unsurpassed performance.  4, record 5, English, - pendulous%20integrating%20gyroscopic%20accelerometer

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first type of gyroscopic instrument to successfully reduce gimbal bearing friction to an acceptable level for precision applications was the floated gyroscope. In this instrument the rotating member is sealed within a hollow cylinder which forms the inner gimbal of the gyro. This is mounted in the gyro case with a fluid surrounding the cylinder; the density of the fluid is chosen so as to exactly float the cylinder, thus removing the weight of the inner gimbal from the bearings and greatly relieving the bearing frictional load.  1, record 6, English, - gimbal%20bearing%20friction

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équilibrage [des roues] est nécessaire pour supprimer les effets d'un balourd de l'ensemble tournant qui peut créer des vibrations. Ne pas équilibrer, c'est s'exposer à : - Une usure prématurée des organes de suspension, de direction, des roulements des cardans, des pneumatiques .. - Un inconfort de conduite à cause des vibrations.  2, record 6, French, - frottement%20des%20roulements%20du%20cardan

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La première chose à installer, c'est un kit de roulements à billes. Ils remplaceront les bagues en plastique ou en métal rose. Un roulement est composé de deux bagues une intérieure et une extérieure. Elles sont mises en contact par l'intermédiaire de bille en acier trempé, le tout est scellé. Le frottement d'un roulement est quasiment nul et il n'y a pas d'usure. L'installation de roulements est obligatoire avant le remplacement du moteur par un plus puissant.  3, record 6, French, - frottement%20des%20roulements%20du%20cardan

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device used to determine the direction and angle in which a deviated wellbore is drifting off vertical.  1, record 7, English, - gyroscopic%20surveying%20instrument

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Unlike a magnetic surveying instrument, a gyroscopic instrument uses the gyroscopic principle to obtain direction and therefore is not affected by magnetic irregularities thay may be caused by casing or other ferrous metals.  1, record 7, English, - gyroscopic%20surveying%20instrument

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A borehole-survey instrument capable of taking and recording a series of inclination and bearing readings on a single trip into a borehole.  2, record 8, English, - multishot%20instrument

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A multishot survey instrument is used to obtain numerous readings in the hole as the device is pulled out of the well.  3, record 8, English, - multishot%20instrument

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Multishot gyroscopic instrument.  2, record 8, English, - multishot%20instrument

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(of gyroscopic instrument)(G. S. M., p. 269)  1, record 9, English, - uncaging

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish