TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In popular culture, piano-making is seen as an artisan craft. The artisan spends thousands of working hours without the efficiency of complex machinery to produce a magnificent, melodious concert grand based only on individual expertise and skill. This artisanal stereotype persists, in large measure and piano-making companies themselves encourage it. But the craft of piano-making began to change in the second half of the 19th century because of industrialization and changing musical tastes. Even before the industrialization of piano-making, one person alone did not build pianos.  2, record 1, English, - piano%20making

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A unit for measuring mass that is equal to approximately 454 grams.  7, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the avoirdupois system, ... in a general use in English-speaking countries, one pound equals 16 ounces (about 454 g). In the troy system, used for precious metals and gems, one pound equals 12 troy ounces (about 373 g).  8, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

1 kg = 2.205 pounds avoirdupois.  9, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pound: The plural forms are "pounds" and "pound" (especially when used collectively).  7, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

lb.; lb: used as singular or collective plural abbreviations.  7, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

lbs.; lbs: used as plural abbreviations.  7, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 6 OBS

pound : A measure of weight and mass derived from the ancient Roman "libra"(=327. 25 grams), but very [often] modified in the course of ages in different countries, and... used for different classes of things; in Great Britain, now fixed for use in trade by a Parliamentary standard. Denoted by "lb. "(Latin "libra"). Formerly used without change in the pl., a usage still sometimes retained after a numeral, esp. dial. and colloq., also in comb. as "a five pound note, ""a twenty pound shot. "This pound consisted originally of 12 ounces, corresponding more or less to that of troy weight, which contains 5760 grains=373. 26 grams. This is still used by goldsmiths and jewellers in stating the weight of gold, silver, and precious stones, but as early as the thirteenth or fourteenth century, a pound of sixteen ounces was in use for more bulky commodities. This was made a standard for general purposes of trade by Edward III, and known as the pound "aveir de peis, "i. e. of merchandise of weight, now called "avoirdupois. "This pound of 16 ounces, containing 7000 grains=453. 6 grams, has been since 1826 the only legal pound for buying or selling any commodity in Great Britain. In former times, the pound varied locally from 12 to 27 ounces, according to the commodity, pounds of different weight being often used in the same place for different articles such as bread, butter, cheese, meat, malt, hay, wool... The Scotch pound of 16 ounces of Troy or Dutch Weight consisted of 7608. 9496 grains; the Tron pound kept at Edinburgh=9622. 67 grains. "Pound" is also used to translate foreign names of weights, of cognate origin or representatives of Latin "libra. "These vary greatly : in Italy, between 300 and 350 grams, in Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands and some German states, between 459 and 469 grams, and in other German states, Denmark, etc., between 477 and 510. 22 grams. But the standard German "Pfund" is now 500 grams, i. e. half a kilogram.  10, record 2, English, - pound

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 7 OBS

With regard to the pound, the values currently in use are: 1 imperial standard pound = 0.453 592 338 kgm. [kilogram]; 1 Canadian pound = 0.453 592 43 kgm.; 1 United States pound = 0.453 592 4277 kgm.  10, record 2, English, - pound

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité de poids anglo-saxonne valant 16 onces ou environ 0,454 kg.  6, record 2, French, - livre

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lb : Le symbole s'écrit sans point et sans «s» au pluriel (1 lb, 20 lb).  6, record 2, French, - livre

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cette unité a déjà été utilisée en France, et son poids variait, selon les provinces, entre 380 et 550 grammes. Aujourd'hui le mot «livre» est utilisé pour désigner un demi-kilogramme. Exemples : Acheter une livre de beurre, de fraises, de café, de sucre. Demi-livre, quart de livre. Une livre et demie. Haltère de trente livres. Le Canada a officiellement adopté le système métrique; l'emploi du mot «livre», dans le sens strict de l'unité de mesure anglo-saxonne équivalant à 0,454 kg, subsiste encore, mais est appelé à disparaître.  7, record 2, French, - livre

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le Canada a officiellement adopté le système métrique en 1970. Les unités métriques (grammes, kilogrammes, centimètres, mètres, kilomètres, litres, etc.) remplacent les traditionnelles unités impériales également utilisées par les États-Unis (livre, pouces, pieds, verges, milles, pintes, etc.). Cependant, la résistance de son principal partenaire commercial, les États-Unis, à l'adoption du système métrique, ainsi que la résistance dans la population au nouveau système ont fait que le Canada vit toujours, en 2014, avec les deux systèmes, le Système international (SI) et le système impérial. Au Canada, la livre de 0,454 kg, par exemple, demeure d'usage courant dans le commerce, notamment pour les denrées alimentaires.  6, record 2, French, - livre

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CHIME is a novel radio telescope consisting of cylindrical reflectors roughly the size and shape of snowboarding half-pipes with an array of radio receivers along the focus. There are no moving parts; CHIME will measure over half the sky each day as the Earth turns.  2, record 3, English, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20Intensity%20Mapping%20Experiment

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[CHIME is a] partnership between the University of British Columbia, McGill University, the University of Toronto and the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory.  2, record 3, English, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20Intensity%20Mapping%20Experiment

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expérience canadienne de cartographie de l’hydrogène : traduction non officielle donnée à titre d'information seulement.  2, record 3, French, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20Intensity%20Mapping%20Experiment

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the STM [scanning tunneling microscope] the "aperture" is a tiny tungsten probe, its tip ground so fine that it may consist of only a single atom and measure just. 2 nanometer in width. Piezoelectric controls maneuver the tip to within a nanometer or two of the surface of a conducting specimen so close that the electron clouds of the atom at the probe tip and of the nearest atom of the specimen overlap. When a small voltage is applied to the tip, electrons "tunnel" across the gap, generating a minuscule tunneling current. The strength of the current is exquisitely sensitive to the width of the gap; typically it decreases by a factor of 10 each time the gap is widened by. 1 nanometer-half the diameter of an atom.  2, record 4, English, - tunneling%20current

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] courant généré par des électrons qui normalement n'auraient pas assez d'énergie pour circuler.  2, record 4, French, - courant%20tunnel

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cas de la microscopie à effet tunnel, les électrons ne devraient pas circuler entre le stylet et la surface. En pratique certains d'entre eux peuvent le faire, générant un courant.  2, record 4, French, - courant%20tunnel

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme tunnel est utilisé par analogie avec les tunnels classiques. Un tunnel permet à une automobile de traverser une montagne sans effort. Ici, l'électron n'a pas besoin de remonter la barrière d'énergie entre la pointe et la surface pour passer de l'une à l'autre.  2, record 4, French, - courant%20tunnel

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La corriente túnel es una función que varía de modo exponencial con la distancia. Esta dependencia exponencial hace que la técnica STM [microscopía de efecto túnel] tenga una alta sensibilidad, pudiéndose obtener imágenes con resoluciones de sub-angstrom.  1, record 4, Spanish, - corriente%20t%C3%BAnel

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A constant of great practical importance since it is equal to the substrate concentration required to reach half the maximum velocity. This constant of a substrate is therefore, a measure of the affinity of the enzyme for that substrate : the lower the constant, the higher the affinity. The constant possesses the unit gram molecule per liter(M) and it is independent of enzyme concentration. Kinetically, it is related to a number of rate constants. Values are usually in the range of 10-[supercript2] M to 10[ Supercript 6) M.  3, record 5, English, - Km

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A landmark paper has been published by Winter et al. (1982) on the redesigning of enzyme structure by site directed mutagenesis.... This is a method for systematically replacing (during biosynthesis) an amino acid at a particular site with another amino acid, and observing the consequences. In the quoted text, a reduction in enzymic activity was observed that was largely due to a lowered Michaelis constant (K_m) for the ATP required to join the tyrosine to the transfer RNA.  4, record 5, English, - Km

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Michaelis constant determined for immobilized enzymes is necessarily only an apparent constant (K’_m) and should be distinguished clearly from the constant normally determined with the soluble enzyme.  5, record 5, English, - Km

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term Km should read K_m.  6, record 5, English, - Km

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Constante de cinétique enzymatique représentant la concentration de substrat pour laquelle la vitesse d'activité enzymatique est la moitié de la vitesse maximale. Elle s'exprime en mole/litre et définit bien l'affinité de l'enzyme pour son substrat. Elle varie avec chaque enzyme et suivant les conditions expérimentales (pH, nature du substrat).  3, record 5, French, - Km

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La constante de Michaelis d'une enzyme est d'autant plus basse que l'enzyme est plus active, puisqu'elle exprime approximativement l'inverse de l'affinité du substrat pour l'enzyme. [...] La connaissance de la K_m d'une enzyme est importante car une enzyme à K_m élevée ne pourra agir avec efficacité dans la cellule que si le substrat s'y trouve à concentration élevée.  4, record 5, French, - Km

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme Km s'écrit K_m.  5, record 5, French, - Km

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parámetro cinético de una enzima cuyo inverso da en ocasiones una medida de la afinidad entre sustrato y enzima.  2, record 5, Spanish, - constante%20de%20Michaelis

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ratio of the mass or volume of a solute to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent. It can be expressed in terms of molarity, molality, normality, or mol fraction.  2, record 6, English, - concentration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rate of an enzyme reaction(V) varies with the substrate concentration, increasing with an increased concentration until a maximum value(V_max) is reached. At this point, all enzyme molecules are fully occupied and the rate of reaction is limited by the rate of the catalytic process on the enzyme surface. For most enzymes, the concentration of substrate at which the reaction rate is half maximal(K_m) is a measure of how tightly the substrates are bound, with a large value of K_m representing a weak binding, and vice versa.  3, record 6, English, - concentration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See "concentration".  2, record 6, English, - concentration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'une espèce chimique existant dans un mélange homogène. On l'exprime habituellement, -soit par la masse du constituant rapporté à l'unité de volume de la solution, -soit par le nombre de moles de molécules du constituant, rapporté à l'unité de volume de la solution (molarité).  2, record 6, French, - concentration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe des réactions d'ordre zéro, du premier ordre, du deuxième ordre et du troisième ordre, suivant la nature de la relation entre la vitesse de la réaction et la concentration d'un des réactifs dans des conditions données. La vitesse de certaines réactions chimiques est indépendante de la concentration des réactifs : on les appelle réactions d'ordre zéro. Beaucoup de réactions catalysées sont d'ordre zéro vis-à-vis des réactifs. Dans ces cas, la vitesse de réaction dépend de la concentration du catalyseur ou de divers facteurs autres que la concentration des composés chimiques qui entrent en réaction. Les réactions du premier ordre sont celles dont la vitesse est exactement proportionnelle à la concentration d'un réactif. Les réactions du deuxième ordre sont celles dont la vitesse est proportionnelle au produit des concentrations de deux réactifs différents, ou au carré de la concentration d'un seul réactif. Les réactions du troisième ordre, relativement rares, sont celles dont la vitesse est proportionnelle au produit de trois concentrations.  3, record 6, French, - concentration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir "concentration".  4, record 6, French, - concentration

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure used in mixing drinks and holdings usu. one and one half ounces.  2, record 7, English, - jigger

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Objet servant de mesure de capacité pour boissons et liqueurs (en verre ou en métal).  2, record 7, French, - mesure%20d%27une%20once%20et%20demie

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An empirical measure of diagenetic and low-grade metamorphism, usually expressed as the Kubler index, the peak width at half peak height of the 001 illite peak on an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the clay sized-fraction.  3, record 8, English, - illite%20crystallinity

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

illite crystallinity: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 8, English, - illite%20crystallinity

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La «cristallinité de l'illite» a été développée vers 1960 pour répondre aux besoins de l'exploration des hydrocarbures. Les recherches étaient focalisées sur la détection du métamorphisme de faible intensité («Low Grade Metamorphism»). La technique du «Sharpness Ratio» (Weaver, 1960), peu précise pour détecter les illites bien cristallisées, fut remplacée par la mesure de la largeur du pic à mi-hauteur («Full Width at Half-Maximum»: FWHM) dont la décroissance régulière a permis de définir une zone anchimétamorphique entre la diagenèse profonde et l'épimétamorphisme. Dans les domaines de diagenèse faible à moyenne, la cristallinité de l'illite décroit comme le nombre de feuillets gonflants des interstratifiés illite-smectite.  2, record 8, French, - cristallinit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27illite

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cristallinité de l'illite : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 8, French, - cristallinit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27illite

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The measure concerns public support granted by the UK [United Kingdom] authorities to a research project in the field of aero-engines called Environmentally Friendly Engine(EFE). EFE is a project conceived to contribute to the goals of improved environmental performance of aero-engines set by ACARE1, the industry's technological platform, which has defined the technological paths and objectives until 2020 in its Strategic Research Agenda. In particular, the objectives of ACARE are to reduce emissions of CO2 [carbon dioxide], NOx and noise. The project envisages carrying out industrial research in order to develop technologies that would enable meeting stricter environmental standards and reduce ownership costs. In particular, the project aims at contributing to the following ACARE's goals :-A reduction in perceived noise to a half of current average levels;-A 50% cut in carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions per passenger kilometre(which means a 50% cut in fuel consumption) ;-An 80% cut in nitrogen dioxide(NOx) emissions;-Reduction in the weight of the engine.  3, record 9, English, - environmentally%20friendly%20engine

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La nouvelle compagnie aérienne helvétique Swiss a annoncé une commande de moteurs CFM56-5C4/P d'une valeur de 300 millions de dollars pour équiper les 13 Airbus long-courriers A340-300 qu'elle vient d'acquérir. Ce moteur propre et peu gourmand en carburant contribuera à la politique de dimunition des coûts d'exploitation engagée par Swiss. Il est le dernier développement en date du CFM56-5C réalisé par CFM International, société commune à 50/50 entre Snecma Moteurs et General Electric.  6, record 9, French, - moteur%20propre

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Use a ohmmeter and measure the front-to-back resistance of each diode and tyristore in the half controlled bridge rectifier.... The larger resistance value is assumed to be the reverse(back) resistance of the diode, and the smaller resistance(front) value is assumed to be the forward resistance.  1, record 10, English, - front%2Dto%2Dback%20resistance

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si on connaît les polarités des fiches de l'ohmmètre, il est possible d'utiliser l'instrument pour la mesure de la résistance directe et inverse des diodes et identifier la cathode et l'anode.  2, record 10, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20directe%20et%20inverse

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Measure of sampling variability equal to 0. 6745 times the standard error. One half of a normal sampling distribution lies within 0. 6745 standard deviations of the mean.  2, record 11, English, - probable%20error

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la variabilité d'échantillonnage égale à 0,6745 fois l'erreur type. La moitié d'un échantillon distribué normalement se trouve dans l'intervalle : moyenne + ou - 0,6745 e, e étant l'écart type.  1, record 11, French, - erreur%20probable

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Medida de la variabilidad del muestreo, igual a 0,6745 veces el error típico. La mitad de una muestra distribuida normalmente queda dentro del intervalo definido por la media + o - 0,6745 desviaciones típicas.  2, record 11, Spanish, - error%20probable

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... measure of dispersion... which is half the range of the middle 50% of the values in the distribution...  4, record 12, English, - quartile%20deviation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] la moitié de l'intervalle interquartile [...]  3, record 12, French, - semi%2Dinterquartile

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[L'intervalle interquartile] mesure la dispersion de 50% des valeurs autour de la médiane.  3, record 12, French, - semi%2Dinterquartile

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The dose which will produce a response in half the test subjects; the chief characteristic of this dose is that it is an indirect measure of the mean tolerance of a batch of test subjects. Its symbol is ED50...  1, record 13, English, - median%20effective%20dose

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A unit of measure half as wide as an em of the same type.  1, record 14, English, - en

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Moitié de la mesure typographique em.  1, record 14, French, - en

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a measure used in mixing drinks and holding usu. one and one half onces.  1, record 15, English, - jigger

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

petit récipient permettant de faire des dosages, surtout de boissons alcooliques. Il est parfois incorporé au bouchon de la bouteille.  1, record 15, French, - doseur

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish