TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Said of] boards produced by simply slicing the log from one end to the other ...  7, record 1, English, - flat%2Dsawn

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... this is the most common method of producing lumber.  7, record 1, English, - flat%2Dsawn

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Some authors use the terms "plain-sawn" and "plain-sawed" for hardwoods and "slash-grained" for softwoods.  8, record 1, English, - flat%2Dsawn

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Se dit du bois] produit lorsque la grume est sciée d'un bout à l'autre [...]  3, record 1, French, - sci%C3%A9%20sur%20dosse

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] méthode de production de bois la plus courante.  3, record 1, French, - sci%C3%A9%20sur%20dosse

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hardwood floor layers... lay finished floor products and unfinished hardwoods as well as prepare subfloors to accept new hardwood floors. The work is done in both residential homes and commercial businesses and requires the utmost attention to layout and detail.  2, record 2, English, - hardwood%20floor%20layer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sound knot that is not greater than 1 1/2 in diameter(with hardwoods not greater than 1 1/4 in).  2, record 3, English, - standard%20knot

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The (diameter) size range includes a pin knot at not greater than 1/2 in, a small knot at not greater than 3/4 in, a medium knot at not greater than 1 1/2 in, and a large knot at greater than 1 1/2 in.  2, record 3, English, - standard%20knot

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aux USA, nœud sain de moins de 4 cm de diamètre (3 cm pour les feuillus).  1, record 3, French, - n%26oelig%3Bud%20standard

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A natural (-wood) board containing heart, from sawing through-and-through.  1, record 4, English, - heart%20board

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Generally applied to hardwoods.  1, record 4, English, - heart%20board

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Planche de bois naturel obtenue par sciage en plot et comportant une partie de bois de cœur.  2, record 4, French, - planche%20de%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concept généralement appliqué aux bois feuillus seulement.  2, record 4, French, - planche%20de%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wood characterized by abnormal brashness, due to natural compression failures in the fibers... Common e. g. in certain tropical light hardwoods, and generally found in heartwood, round the pith.  3, record 5, English, - brittleheart

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène observable particulièrement chez les feuillus tropicaux, caractérisé par un bois dont les fibres s'amollissent par suite de la rupture par compression des éléments axiaux.  2, record 5, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20mou

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plank containing heart, from sawing through-and-through.  1, record 6, English, - heart%20plank

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Generally applied to hardwoods.  1, record 6, English, - heart%20plank

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plateau de bois naturel obtenu par sciage en plots et comportant une partie de bois de cœur.  1, record 6, French, - plateau%20de%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concept généralement appliqué aux bois feuillus seulement.  1, record 6, French, - plateau%20de%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Central Hardwoods Joint Venture(CHJV) is a partnership of state, federal, and non-for-profit wildlife conservation agencies and organizations that work together to insure the long-term viability of native bird populations across the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region.  1, record 7, English, - Central%20Hardwoods%20Joint%20Venture

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wood with more or less distinctive anatomical characters, formed typically in parts of leaning or crooked stems and in branches. In hardwoods this consists of tension wood and in softwoods of compression wood.  2, record 8, English, - reaction%20wood

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In hardwoods it is called "tension wood"; in softwoods, "compression wood".  3, record 8, English, - reaction%20wood

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois caractérisé par sa couleur distinctive, sa dureté, sa fragilité et son apparence relativement sans vie [résultant de] contraintes anormales dans des arbres penchés ou courbés. Ce bois a une tendance à causer des courbures lors de sa transformation en bois d'œuvre.  2, record 8, French, - bois%20de%20r%C3%A9action

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[.. .] [Pour] les Dicotylédones il en résulte du bois de tension et dans les Conifères du bois de compression.  3, record 8, French, - bois%20de%20r%C3%A9action

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bois de réaction : terme retenu par le Comité technique de la terminologie française du bois de l'Association canadienne de normalisation.  4, record 8, French, - bois%20de%20r%C3%A9action

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Region 14-Atlantic Northern Forests. The nutrient-poor soils of northernmost New England and the Adirondack Mountains support spruce-fir forests on more northerly and higher sites and northern hardwoods elsewhere.  1, record 9, English, - Atlantic%20northern%20forests

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Region 14 (BCR 14) of the 12 bird conservation regions (BCR) wholly or partially within Canada.  2, record 9, English, - Atlantic%20northern%20forests

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Région 14 - Forêt septentrionale de l'Atlantique. Les sols pauvres en nutriments de la partie de la Nouvelle-Angleterre la plus au nord et des monts Adirondack favorisent les forêts d'épinettes et de sapins sur les sites les plus élevés et les plus au nord ainsi que des bois-francs nordiques dans le reste de la région.  1, record 9, French, - for%C3%AAt%20septentrionale%20de%20l%27Atlantique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Région 14 (RCO 14) des 12 régions de conservation des oiseaux (RCO) entièrement ou partiellement situées au Canada.  2, record 9, French, - for%C3%AAt%20septentrionale%20de%20l%27Atlantique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The high temperature and humidity will help soften the lignin between the wood fibers and thus reduce the stresses caused by shrinkage that in turn produce crook and twist and other forms of warp.  3, record 10, English, - crook

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lumber cut off-center from the pith(core) of the log will naturally have stress which results in crook or side-bend in many species, especially hardwoods.  4, record 10, English, - crook

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déviation latérale d'une ligne droite tirée d'une extrémité à l'autre d'une pièce de bois.  2, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9jettement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le déjettement est de loin le défaut de séchage le plus commun qui entraîne le déclassement des sciages de résineux de dimension.  3, record 10, French, - d%C3%A9jettement

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A beetle of the families Buprestidae or Cerambycidae, whose larvae tunnel below the bark and girdle the twigs of various hardwoods and conifers.  2, record 11, English, - twig%20girdler

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Some adult Cerambycidae also girdle twigs after laying eggs in them.  2, record 11, English, - twig%20girdler

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For purposes of identification, the hardwoods may be divided into two general classes on the basis of pore arrangement. Hardwoods in the ring-porous class contain pores, that not only are very much larger in the earlywood than in the latewood but are arranged close together in a more or less continuous layer in the earlywood region of the annual ring. The diffuse-porous hardwoods contain pores of more nearly uniform size distributed fairly uniformly throughout the annual layers.  1, record 12, English, - diffuse%2Dporous%20hardwood

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bois à pores diffus : Bois de certaines essences de feuillus dont les pores ont presque la même taille et qui sont dispersés à peu près uniformément dans le cerne (par exemple le bouleau et l'érable). Les cernes annuels dans ce type de bois sont parfois difficiles à identifier.  2, record 12, French, - bois%20de%20feuillu%20%C3%A0%20pores%20diffus

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] fillet of salmon that has been flavored with the smoke from burning aromatic hardwoods.  2, record 13, English, - smoked%20salmon

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les saumons sont [habituellement] fumés à froid, au-dessus d'un mélange de bois [...] additionnés d'essences odorantes [...]  2, record 13, French, - saumon%20fum%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Ganoderma, similar to Fomes, causing white mottled rot in hardwoods.  1, record 14, English, - white%20mottled%20rot

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie des troncs et des branches causée par le champignon Ganoderma applanatum, qui touche particulièrement les érables, les bouleaux et les trembles.  2, record 14, French, - carie%20blanche%20madr%C3%A9e

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of polysaccharide found in plant cell walls in association with cellulose and lignin; it is soluble and extractable by dilute alkaline solutions.  2, record 15, English, - hemicellulose

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hemicellulose units are distinguished analytically from cellulose by the greater ease of hydrolysis in hot dilute acids and by solubility in aqueous alkaline solutions. Pulping and bleaching are normally done at conditions which maximize retention of hemicelluloses because they promote inter-fibre bonding and strengthen paper... The principal hemicelluloses are xylan in hardwoods and glucomannan in softwoods.  3, record 15, English, - hemicellulose

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé glucidique (gommes et mucilages, par exemple), hydrolysable en milieu acide, faisant partie de la membrane cellulaire des végétaux supérieurs. Sa solubilité en milieu alcalin la distingue des celluloses.  3, record 15, French, - h%C3%A9micellulose

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cualquier carbohidrato de tipo celulósico, excepto la celulosa misma.  2, record 15, Spanish, - hemicelulosa

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Junto con la pectina y la lignina, la hemicelulosa forma parte de la matriz de la pared celular.  2, record 15, Spanish, - hemicelulosa

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Celulosa con un grado de polimerización de 150 o menos. Es un término colectivo para celulosas beta y gamma.  3, record 15, Spanish, - hemicelulosa

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A conventional term for the timber of broad-leaved trees ... belonging to the botanical group Angiospermae.  3, record 16, English, - hardwood

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hardwoods are almost invariably distinguished from softwoods by the presence of vessels in their timber, irrespective of physical hardness or softness in either case.  3, record 16, English, - hardwood

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois provenant d'essences forestières à larges feuilles, contrairement aux conifères.  3, record 16, French, - bois%20de%20feuillus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les bois de feuillus font partie de la classe des Angiospermes et possèdent des vaisseaux ligneux.  4, record 16, French, - bois%20de%20feuillus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bois de feuillus; bois feuillu : termes retenus par le Comité technique de la terminologie française du bois de l'Association canadienne de normalisation.  5, record 16, French, - bois%20de%20feuillus

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Madera producida por frondosas, independientemente de su contextura.  1, record 16, Spanish, - madera%20de%20frondosas

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A conventional term for [the timber of] trees belonging to the botanical group Gymnospermae.  3, record 17, English, - softwood

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hardwoods are almost invariably distinguished from softwoods by the presence of vessels in their timber, irrespective of physical hardness or softness in either case.  3, record 17, English, - softwood

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois provenant d'essences forestières dites «résineuses» généralement caractérisé par la présence de canaux résinifères.  3, record 17, French, - bois%20de%20r%C3%A9sineux

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bois de résineux; bois résineux : termes retenus par le Comité technique de la terminologie française du bois de l'Association canadienne de normalisation.  4, record 17, French, - bois%20de%20r%C3%A9sineux

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Importaciones de madera blanda.  2, record 17, Spanish, - madera%20de%20con%C3%ADferas

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A log whose sapwood has been infected by bacteria which do not harm the wood but cause a pig-pen odor.  2, record 18, English, - sour%20log

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sour logs are generally tropical hardwoods or soft species such as poplar and basswood.  2, record 18, English, - sour%20log

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bille dont le bois mouillé (notamment l'aubier) est attaqué par des bactéries n'endommageant pratiquement pas le bois mais provoquant une mauvaise odeur (odeur de porcherie).  2, record 18, French, - bille%20surie

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les billes suries se rencontrent surtout dans les essences feuillues tropicales ou dans les essences plus tendres comme le peuplier ou le tilleul.  2, record 18, French, - bille%20surie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Better performance of the decking product emerged as a significant influence in product choice.... Pressure-treated decking was ranked as both the material showing the most performance problems and least performance problems. However, pressure-treated was closely followed by cedar, redwood, plastic-wood composites and tropical hardwoods as having the "least" problems.  1, record 19, English, - decking%20product

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Du bois de platelage traité et revêtu pourrait être offert à bien meilleur prix que le matériau de platelage en plastique et les autres matériaux esthétiques concurrentiels [...] Cela crée pour l'industrie du traitement et pour les fabricants de produits de platelage, de clôture, de jardin et de parement d'augmenter la valeur de leurs produits et d'offrir des garanties de performance plus longues.  2, record 19, French, - produit%20de%20platelage

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hardwood plywood is distinguished from softwood plywood in that the former is generally used for decorative purposes and has a face ply of wood from a deciduous or broad-leaf tree. Hardwoods include such species as cherry, birch, beech, chestnut, hickory, maple, oak, walnut, gum, and poplar.  2, record 20, English, - hardwood%20plywood

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le contreplaqué de feuillus est généralement destiné à l'usage décoratif plutôt que structural. Les machines sont utilisées différemment et l'on emploie des résines différentes, surtout des résines urée-formol, les panneaux étant destinés à l'usage intérieur.  1, record 20, French, - contreplaqu%C3%A9%20de%20feuillus

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of the wide range of wood density in the hardwood tree species, people will often distinguish between "hard hardwoods"(e. g. hickory, oak, ash) and "soft hardwoods"(e. g. yellow poplar, gum, willow).  2, record 21, English, - hard%20hardwood

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bois de feuillus durs regroupent les espèces d'arbres angiospermes, portant des feuilles à limbes relativement larges qui, dans les régions tempérées, tombent normalement tous les ans. [...] l'érable à sucre [...] le bouleau jaune, le chêne rouge, le hêtre, le tilleul [...]  2, record 21, French, - feuillu%20dur

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An olive to greenish-black or brown local discoloration, often mere "mineral streaks", of undetermined cause, found in hardwoods, particularly Hard Maples; commonly associated with bird pecks and other injuries.  2, record 22, English, - mineral%20stain

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone de décoloration allant de l'olive au noir verdâtre ou au brun affectant surtout les feuillus, notamment les Érables et causée par les oiseaux piqueurs ou toute blessure d'origine inconnue.  2, record 22, French, - concr%C3%A9tion%20min%C3%A9rale

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A polysaccharide derived from the hydrolysis of hardwoods.  2, record 23, English, - glucomannan

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Glucomannan is high in fiber, essential for cleaning the digestive system. [It] is taken from the Konnyaku root and is from the same family as the yam, which is 100 percent natural dietary fiber without calories. Since lack of fiber is a major cause for the high incidence of growing gastrointestinal disorders, it is a valuable herb. It helps reduce cholesterol, helps maintain regularity and promotes bowel health. It helps to normalize blood sugar, to relieve stress on the pancreas and to discourage blood sugar abnormalities, such as hypoglycemia. [It] absorbs toxic substances produced during digestion and elimination. It binds toxic material and eliminates them before they can be absorbed into the blood stream. [It] acts as a prevention of chronic disease and a weight control agent. As a diet aid, it expands to about 50 times its original volume when used with a large glass of water.  3, record 23, English, - glucomannan

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Polysaccharide tiré du bois de feuillus.  2, record 23, French, - glucomannane

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le glucomannane et le galactomannane (oligo- et polysaccharides) peuvent être très intéressants comme agents régulateurs de la digestion (mucilages) [...]  3, record 23, French, - glucomannane

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La gomme de konjac est un hydrocolloïde soluble dans l'eau obtenu à partir de la farine de konjac par extraction aqueuse. La farine de konjac est le produit brut non raffiné tiré de la racine de la plante pérenne Amorphophallus konjac. Le principal constituant de la gomme de konjac est le glucomannane, polysaccharide de poids moléculaire élevé soluble dans l'eau, composé d'unités de D-mannose et de D-glucose dans un rapport molaire de 1,6 pour 1, reliées par des liaisons glycosidiques en ß(1-4).  4, record 23, French, - glucomannane

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thick, liquid exudation from the inner bark or the wood of hardwoods, following some injury, and consisting of sap that has become infected by fungi(particularly yeasts) and bacteria.  2, record 24, English, - slime%20flux

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sève fermentée et souvent malodorante suintant des troncs d'arbre.  1, record 24, French, - suintement%20muqueux

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A yellow discolo(u) ration in certain hardwoods, attributed to fungus attack, e. g. Paecilomyces variota in Quercus spp. which creates "golden Oak".  1, record 25, English, - yellow%2Dstain

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

yellow-stain: term used in the Commonwealth.  3, record 25, English, - yellow%2Dstain

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Taches colorées attribuées, dans certains bois feuillus comme le chêne, à une atteinte fongique, ou bactérienne.  1, record 25, French, - jaunissement%20du%20bois

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A distillate oil derived from wood tar, a by-product in the destructive distillation of either hardwoods or softwoods. It is a valuable timber preserver.  4, record 26, English, - wood%2Dtar%20creosote

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Creosote ... contains a mixture of phenolic compounds (as guaiacol), is obtained by the distillation of wood tar, esp that of beechwood, and is used chiefly as an expectorant in chronic bronchitis ....  2, record 26, English, - wood%2Dtar%20creosote

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La créosote de bois ou créosote officinale provient de la fraction du goudron de hêtre distillant entre 200 et 220°C et contient divers phénols, notamment le gaïacol; astringente et antiseptique, elle fut utilisée dans le traitement des affections pulmonaires ainsi que pour diminuer les sécrétions bronchiques.  1, record 26, French, - cr%C3%A9osote%20de%20bois

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An olive to greenish-black or brown discolouration of undetermined cause in hardwoods, particularly hard maples, commonly associated with bird pecks and other injuries and occurring in streaks usually containing accumulations of mineral matter.  1, record 27, English, - mineral%20streak

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mineral streak: term and definition reproduced with the permission of the copyright holder, CSA International, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. However, CSA International shall not be responsible for the manner in which the information is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. This CSA International material may not have been updated to reflect amendments subsequently made to the original content. For further information, contact CSA International.  2, record 27, English, - mineral%20streak

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coloration olive à noir verdâtre, ou brune, localisée dans les tissus ligneux de certaines espèces de feuillus comme les érables, et ordinairement associée à des blessures.  1, record 27, French, - concr%C3%A9tion%20min%C3%A9rale

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertaining to wood of hardwoods in which the earlywood of the annual ring forms a well-defined zone or ring and has larger-diameter pores than those of the latewood.  1, record 28, English, - ring%2Dporous

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ring-porous woods include ash and oak.  1, record 28, English, - ring%2Dporous

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit du bois initial dont les pores sont ouvertement de plus grande dimension que ceux du bois final et constituent une région ou un anneau bien délimité.  3, record 28, French, - %C3%A0%20zones%20poreuses

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pertaining to wood of hardwoods in which the vessels are of fairly uniform size and distribution throughout a growth ring, e. g., yellow poplar, birch, and maple.  1, record 29, English, - diffuse%20porous

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Se dit du bois] dans lequel les vaisseaux du bois initial ne sont pas de dimensions sensiblement différentes de celles des vaisseaux du bois final, et répartis dans toute la zone d'accroissement.  1, record 29, French, - %C3%A0%20pores%20diffus

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The forces that develop within a tree as it grows, especially in rapidly growing hardwoods.  1, record 30, English, - growth%20stress

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Growth stresses may be suddenly released on felling or sawing, resulting in shattering.  1, record 30, English, - growth%20stress

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forces qui se développent dans un arbre au fil de sa croissance, en particulier chez les feuillus à croissance rapide.  1, record 30, French, - tension%20de%20croissance

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A dark, amorphous, gummy substance produced in the wood of hardwoods and some softwoods in response to injury, infection, or other irritation.  2, record 31, English, - wound%20gum

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] gomme provoquée par une irritation, infection ou blessure.  1, record 31, French, - gomme%20de%20blessure

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gomme : De façon très générale, exsudat non volatil et visqueux de nombreux arbres ou plantes, qui se dissout ou gonfle au contact de l'eau; la structure chimique en est complexe mais on peut considérer que le plus souvent ce sont des hydrocarbonates polymérisés.  1, record 31, French, - gomme%20de%20blessure

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

top drying : In trees, death or dieback of the leader and more or less of the upper part of the crown. With hardwoods, their characteristic appearance in the earlier stages of this condition is termed stag-headed... ;with conifers in the USA, the dead tip(and any tree having one) is termed a spike-top.  2, record 32, English, - stag%2Dheaded

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

With hardwoods and some softwoods, the lowest grade lumber from the mill.  2, record 33, English, - mill%20cull

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lumber coming from the saw-with softwoods, it is the merchantable lumber of all grades; with hardwoods, it excludes specified lower grades.  2, record 34, English, - log%20run

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Débit [...] qui est donné par le sciage, sans tenir compte de la sélection des pièces.  1, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9bit%20courant

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A shield-like tangential plate of varying size, even forming a complete ring, of gum-or kino-impregnated wood, found in hardwoods, particularly Eucalypts.  1, record 35, English, - gum%20vein

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans certains bois durs, accumulation totale de gomme affectant la forme d'une veine.  2, record 35, French, - filon%20de%20gomme

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In countries where coniferous species are of little commercial significance, the terms hardwood and softwood are commonly used in their literal significance, i. e. hard wood, soft wood; the hardwoods have been differentiated into the naturally durable "primary" hardwoods and "secondary" hardwoods, both of which are physically hard and strong enough for heavy constructional purposes but the latter requiring preservative treatment if used in exposed positions.  1, record 36, English, - primary%20hardwood

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans certains pays, catégorie de bois durs possédant des propriétés naturelles de durabilité, par opposition aux bois durs secondaires qui exigent pour leur part certains traitements afin de leur conférer de la durabilité.  1, record 36, French, - bois%20dur%20primaire

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In wood finishing, to produce intentionally glazed surface on hardwoods by friction, using hard, smooth substance such as bone, agate, polished steel or Boxwood.  1, record 37, English, - burnish

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conférer un aspect lisse à un bois de feuillu par frottement avec un matériau dur et lisse comme un os, de l'agathe, de l'acier poli ou du bois.  2, record 37, French, - lisser

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In countries where coniferous species are of little commercial significance, the terms hardwood and softwood are commonly used in their literal significance, i. e. hard wood, soft wood; the hardwoods have been differentiated into the naturally durable "primary" hardwoods and "secondary" hardwoods, both of which are physically hard and strong enough for heavy constructional purposes but the latter requiring preservative treatment if used in exposed positions.  1, record 38, English, - secondary%20hardwood

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Classement attribué dans certains pays où les conifères ont une faible importance, au bois de feuillus qui exigent des traitements pour leur conférer une durabilité naturellement acquise par certains bois durs dits primaires.  1, record 38, French, - bois%20dur%20secondaire

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Powder-post beetle : A member of the families Lyctidae and Bostrychidae, whose larvae tunnel in the sapwood of partially or wholly dry timber, mainly hardwood, leaving a fine powdery bore-dust.... The genus Lyctus(Lyctus beetles) is particularly destructive... Some Bostrychidae, which make auger-like tunnels, mainly in the sapwood of hardwoods, are termed auger beetles.  1, record 39, English, - auger%20beetle

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A green discolo(u) ration in certain hardwoods, attributed to fungus attack, e. g. "Chlorosplenium aeruginosum" in "Quercus" ssp. which creates "green oak".  1, record 40, English, - green%2Dstain

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Marque de coloration verdâtre qui résulte d'une attaque fongique et qui affecte notamment les feuillus tel que le chêne.  2, record 40, French, - tache%20verte

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is our plan to log the properties in an orderly fashion removing merchantable fibre, taking care to preserve residual trees and all species of hardwoods. All logging debris will then be piled and the property seeded.  2, record 41, English, - merchantable%20fibre

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matière ligneuse récupérable à des fins commerciales chez une espèce donnée.  2, record 41, French, - fibre%20marchande

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fibre marchande des arbres résineux exploités dans l'est du Canada correspond à peu près à 60 % de la masse de ces arbres.  1, record 41, French, - fibre%20marchande

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Research into wood properties has been conducted at Oxford for over 50 years and the wood collection or xylarium now holds over 24, 750 wood samples. They represent approximately 8, 700 species, 2, 350 genera and 200 families. Microscope slides have been prepared for much of the collection, and the anatomical characteristics of every wood recorded on edge-punched cards. The collection of cards constitutes a key for the identification of hardwoods by their microscopic structure. It is used for taxonomic research and the identification of unknown specimens. [Research Reports from the Oxford Forestry Institute(OFI) of the University of Oxford]  2, record 42, English, - xylarium

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Xylose can be obtained by acid or enzymatic posthydrolysis of soluble pentoses extracted from hardwoods after steam explosion, whereas mannose is obtained in the same way but starting with conifers treated with SO₂ during steam explosion.  1, record 43, English, - enzymatic%20posthydrolysis

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

intensive management and harvesting at 2-to 10-year intervals or cycles of specially selected fast-growing species(generally hardwoods) for the purpose of producing wood as an energy feedstock.  2, record 44, English, - short%20rotation%20silviculture

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Agronomic techniques used to optimize the yield of fast growing species harvested at short intervals.  5, record 44, English, - short%20rotation%20silviculture

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A realistic study of short rotation forest plantations must include all operations from land conversion to the delivery of biomass to the final conversion point. This analysis includes the primary conversion to chips or chunks and their transportation to the point of use.  4, record 44, English, - short%20rotation%20silviculture

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On étudie actuellement les essences et les procédés culturaux capables de constituer des taillis ou des forêts à courte rotation (plantations énergétiques).  1, record 44, French, - sylviculture%20%C3%A0%20courte%20rotation

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Canadian and United States grading systems are understood by trade people familiar with North American products, but they are clearly much more familiar and at ease with Nordic standards. The principal reason is, for obvious reasons, the temperate hardwoods, where the United States standards have at least become a de facto industry norm.  1, record 45, English, - temperate%20hardwood

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... biomass derived from forests with a high proportion of hardwoods(i. e. Populus), mixed forests or forests with a high proportion of small diameter trees.  1, record 46, English, - non%2Dcommercial%20forest%20biomass

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) biomasse (...) constituée par les forêts de forte proportion en feuillus (i.e. Populus), les forêts mixtes ou les forêts ayant une proportion élevée d'arbres à faible diamètre.  1, record 46, French, - biomasse%20foresti%C3%A8re%20non%20commerciale

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tree foliage is available in vast quantities and is utilized very little in Canada. Keays and Barton(1975) report that for softwoods, young tree's foliage is 25% by weight of the tree bole, and older trees 10% by weight; similarly for hardwoods the young trees have foliage 15% of the bole by weight, and mature trees 5%. This, however, is just "foliage", and for utilization purposes it is more realistic to deal in terms of "commercial foliage"(leaves plus twigs, shoots and branches up to 0. 6 cm(0. 24 inches) diameter).  3, record 47, English, - commercial%20foliage

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comprend tous les rameaux, aiguilles, feuilles, pousses et branches mesurant jusqu'à 6 mm de diamètre.  2, record 47, French, - feuillage%20industriel

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Development of machines for use in short rotation forestry(SRF) is a fairly new undertaking, as is the idea of using hybrid hardwoods in SRF for energy which resulted from recent developments in the cost and supply of oil resources.  3, record 48, English, - short%20rotation%20hybrid%20biomass

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matière végétale tirée d'espèces hybrides de feuillus à rendement élevé dont la rotation s'effectue sur une période de une ou deux années.  1, record 48, French, - biomasse%20des%20esp%C3%A8ces%20hybrides%20%C3%A0%20courte%20r%C3%A9volution

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The circular saw felling head developed for the continuous felling requirements of the A-Line Swather practically eliminates the butt damage problem not only for softwoods but for hardwoods and frozen wood also(FERIC, 1981 Annual Report, 1982, p. 5).  1, record 49, English, - circular%20saw%20felling%20head

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tête d'abattage dont l'outil de coupe est une scie circulaire.  1, record 49, French, - t%C3%AAte%20d%27abattage%20%C3%A0%20scie%20circulaire

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La nouvelle tête d'abattage à scie circulaire a été commercialisée en 1981.  1, record 49, French, - t%C3%AAte%20d%27abattage%20%C3%A0%20scie%20circulaire

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... extraction and use of all above-ground components of the forest.  1, record 50, English, - full%20forest%20utilization

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... all above ground components... would include... all trees, hardwoods and softwoods, preferred and weed species, large and small stems, trees dead because of decay, disease, insect attack, old age, crowding, drowning or accident, and trees conventionally culled because of decay, crook, sweep, or any other cause. It would include all standing timber, all logging debris and such down timber as might give reasonable fibre recovery.  1, record 50, English, - full%20forest%20utilization

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The French plan for keeping... fires more controllable depends primarily on a master plan of green firebreaks consisting of intermingled cultivated land, grazed pastureland, and planted strips of poplar and other hardwoods...  1, record 51, English, - green%20firebreak

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protection des forêts contre l'incendie s'appuie sur deux principes fondamentaux : - le cloisonnement ou fractionnement de plus en plus poussé du terrain obtenu par des coupures pratiquées dans la surface boisée; ces coupures présentent, suivant leur importance, une résistance plus ou moins grande au franchissement par le feu; le réseau de pare-feu (pare-feu déboisés, écrans verts), répond à ce principe mais n'a d'efficacité que s'il est correctement desservi et entretenu (...)  1, record 51, French, - %C3%A9cran%20vert

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fuel Type Pattern. This refers to the relation of fuel types and natural and man-made barriers on a given area. The fuel type pattern delineates areas with limited or unlimited fire spread potential... For example, poplar stands and other hardwoods usually form fire barriers(limited spread) while pine and other conifer stands seldom do(unlimited spread).  2, record 52, English, - limited%20spread%20area

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) parties extérieures du périmètre où le feu, à cause de la présence d'obstacles naturels ou artificiels (barrières), de la nature des combustibles et des conditions topographiques, a peu ou pas de chances de prendre de l'ampleur.  1, record 52, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20de%20progression%20limit%C3%A9e

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fuel Type Pattern. This refers to the relation of fuel and natural and man-made barriers on a given area. The fuel type pattern delineates areas with limited or unlimited fire spread potential... For example, poplar stands and other hardwoods usually form fire barriers(limited spread) while pine and other conifer stands seldom do(unlimited spread).  2, record 53, English, - unlimited%20spread%20area

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) parties du périmètre de l'incendie où le feu a la plus grande possibilité de s'étendre au cours des heures qui suivent. Ces régions sont identifiées en fonction de la localisation des barrières naturelles et artificielles, de la susceptibilité des combustibles au feu et des conditions de topographie.  1, record 53, French, - r%C3%A9gion%20de%20progression%20illimit%C3%A9e

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish