TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To sign a message electronically, a mathematical function(called a "hash function") must be used; it produces a summary(hash code) of the message. The hash code can then be encrypted and attached to the message. This code is known as a digital signature.  2, record 1, English, - hash%20code

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour signer un message de façon électronique, il faut appliquer une fonction mathématique (appelée «fonction de hachage») qui produit un résumé (code haché) du message. Le code haché peut être ensuite chiffré pour être par la suite annexé au message. C'est ce code qui constitue la signature numérique.  3, record 1, French, - code%20hach%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Preimage resistance is the property of a hash function that it is hard to invert, that is, given an element in the range of a hash function, it should be computationally infeasible to find an input that maps to that element.  2, record 2, English, - preimage%20resistance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La résistance à la préimage : pour pratiquement toutes les valeurs de sortie préspécifiées, il est calculatoirement impossible de trouver une entrée qui produit cette valeur en sortie [...]  2, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20pr%C3%A9image

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An attack on a cryptographic hash function that is able to find a preimage for a hash...  2, record 3, English, - preimage%20attack

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The strength of a one-way hash function is measured by its resistance to attacks, such as collision attacks, preimage attacks, and birthday attacks.  3, record 3, English, - preimage%20attack

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une bonne fonction de hachage cryptographique doit résister à des attaques de préimage.  1, record 3, French, - attaque%20de%20pr%C3%A9image

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values.  3, record 4, English, - hash%20function

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une fonction de hachage est une fonction qui peut être utilisée pour mapper des données de taille arbitraire à des valeurs de taille fixe.  2, record 4, French, - fonction%20de%20hachage

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hash tables are a type of data structure in which the address/index value of the data element is generated from a hash function. This enables very fast data access as the index value behaves as a key for the data value.  2, record 5, English, - hash%20table

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Universal hashing is a technique used in computer science and information theory for designing hash functions. It is a family of hash functions that can be efficiently computed by using a randomly selected hash function from a set of hash functions. The goal of universal hashing is to minimize the chance of collisions between distinct keys, which can lead to degraded performance in hash table operations.  2, record 6, English, - universal%20hashing

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En mathématiques et en informatique, le hachage universel [...] est une méthode qui consiste à sélectionner aléatoirement une fonction de hachage dans une famille de fonctions de hachages qui ont certaines propriétés mathématiques.  2, record 6, French, - hachage%20universel

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deterministic wallets were created to offer a solution, one in which all keys can be traced back to an original random seed, usually a set of random words, and a hash function.  2, record 7, English, - deterministic%20wallet

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le deuxième type de portefeuille est un portefeuille déterministe, où toutes les clés sont dérivées d'une seule clé principale, connue sous le nom de [valeur d'amorçage]  2, record 7, French, - portefeuille%20d%C3%A9terministe

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, some pair of them will have the same birthday.  2, record 8, English, - birthday%20paradox

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The mathematics behind this problem led to a well-known cryptographic attack called the birthday attack, which uses this probabilistic model to reduce the complexity of finding a collision for a hash function.  2, record 8, English, - birthday%20paradox

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Probabilité, dans un ensemble de n personnes choisies au hasard, que deux personnes auront la même date de fête.  2, record 8, French, - paradoxe%20de%20l%27anniversaire

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hash function developed by the NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] and published as a federal information processing standard in 1993.  1, record 11, English, - secure%20hash%20algorithm

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fonction de hachage mise au point par le NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] et publiée en 1993 comme norme fédérale de traitement de l’information.  1, record 11, French, - algorithme%20de%20hachage%20s%C3%A9curis%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The result of applying a one-way hash function to a message.  2, record 12, English, - message%20digest

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A message digest is a value that is shorter than the message, but would be different if the message were changed by even one character. If a message’s sender includes the message digest along with the message, the receiver can verify that the message was not corrupted in transit, either accidentally or maliciously.  2, record 12, English, - message%20digest

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il faut signer le message dans sa totalité pour l'authentifier, ce qui peut être très consommateur en temps CPU et en débit réseau lors du transfert du message signé. Pour résoudre ce problème, on remplace le message signé par un condensé de message, toujours signé, mais plus petit, et tout aussi unique.  2, record 12, French, - condens%C3%A9%20de%20message

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An algorithm that turns messages or text into a fixed string of digits, usually for security or data management purposes. The "one way" means that it’s nearly impossible to derive the original text from the string.  1, record 13, English, - one%2Dway%20hash

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A one-way hash function is used to create digital signatures, which in turn identify and authenticate the sender and message of a digitally distributed message.  1, record 13, English, - one%2Dway%20hash

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fonction d'une chaîne variable pour créer une valeur de longueur fixe représentant l'original, appelé résumé de message, empreinte, vérification d'intégrité de message  1, record 13, French, - hachage%20%C3%A0%20sens%20unique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The number generated by a hash function to indicate the position of a given item in storage.  1, record 14, English, - hash%20value

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC.  2, record 14, English, - hash%20value

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre résultant d'une fonction de hachage et indiquant la position en mémoire d'un élément déterminé.  1, record 14, French, - valeur%20de%20hachage

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO/CEI.  2, record 14, French, - valeur%20de%20hachage

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish