TERMIUM Plus^®

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In the 1980s, American sociologist Ray Oldenburg developed the notion of a "third place" : a space for informal, free social interaction, essential to democracy.... The third place is not home and not work, but instead one of the physical settings that have throughout history encouraged a sense of warmth, conviviality, and that special kind of human sustenance we call community. These settings include cafés, taverns, libraries and hair salons, where people from different walks of life gather to hang out in an informal atmosphere.  2, record 1, English, - third%20place

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Le tiers-lieu n'est ni le domicile ni le lieu de travail, mais l'un de ces endroits qui, tout au long de l'histoire, ont contribué à créer un sentiment de convivialité et cette forme particulière de réconfort que les humains tirent du fait d'être ensemble. Comme les bibliothèques ou les salons de coiffure, les cafés rassemblent des personnes de différents horizons dans une atmosphère informelle.  2, record 1, French, - tiers%2Dlieu

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tiers-lieu : désignation publiée au Journal officiel de la République française le 29 juin 2024.  3, record 1, French, - tiers%2Dlieu

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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A production system is a human or computer system that has a data base of production rules and some control mechanism that selects applicable production rules in an effort to reach some goal state.  4, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A key notion in the Newell-Simon scheme is the production system, in which an operation will be carried out if a certain specific condition is met. Programs consist of long sequences of such production systems operating on the data base. As described by the theorists, the production system is kind of a computational stimulus-response link; so long as the stimuli(or conditions) are appropriate, the response(or production) will be executed. In the course of developing the General Problem Solver, Simon and Newell have propounded a perspective on artificial intelligence, a theory of thinking, and an agenda for future research.  5, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A set of production rules (which is called a production system) can be interpreted in two distinct ways. ... One way to interpret a production system is to work through the rules one by one until a rule is found for which the condition ... is true. ... Alternatively, the production system could be "run backwards", with the rules being run from "right to left".  6, record 2, English, - production%20system

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A production system is a rule- based system. Computer scientists also call these systems general rewrite systems. Each rule is matched to the input, and the rules that apply rewrite the input according the action part of these rules.  3, record 2, English, - production%20system

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production system: Term standardized by ISO/IEC.  7, record 2, English, - production%20system

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Système expert ayant adopté la représentation par règles de production [...] pour modéliser le comportement humain ou pour bâtir des bases de connaissances.  4, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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[système] constitué de trois parties : une base de faits, une base de règles de production et un moteur d'inférence.  5, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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système de production : Terme normalisé par ISO/CEI.  6, record 2, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20production

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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A description of the value that a product, service or process will provide a customer.  2, record 3, English, - value%20proposition

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Value propositions are theoretically built around the notion of value... Value in a procurement context has received little attention compared to value in a selling context, despite [the fact] that many authors have concluded that the application of a value perspective is equally viable in both contexts and from both perspectives.  3, record 3, English, - value%20proposition

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Toute entreprise qui construit un projet […] doit dès lors estimer la proposition de valeur […] qu'il contient, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des éléments de création de valeur pour les différentes parties concernées par le projet; ces éléments devraient être supérieurs aux inconvénients et aux coûts engendrés par l'adoption de cette nouvelle technologie.  2, record 3, French, - proposition%20de%20valeur

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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[An] individual who supports the false notion that they do not have to pay tax on the income they earn by using a combination of legal and other arguments to place themselves outside of the tax system.  2, record 4, English, - tax%20protester

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One of the most common arguments tax protesters use is the natural/legal person argument.  2, record 4, English, - tax%20protester

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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[Personne] qui appuie la notion erronée selon laquelle elle n'a pas à payer de l'impôt sur le revenu qu'elle gagne et qui utilise une combinaison d'arguments juridiques ou autres afin de s'exclure du régime fiscal.  3, record 4, French, - contestataire%20du%20fisc

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L'un des arguments les plus souvent évoqués par ces contestataires est celui qui fait une distinction entre «personne physique» et «personne morale».  3, record 4, French, - contestataire%20du%20fisc

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contestataire de l'impôt; contestataire du fisc; protestataire de l'impôt : termes tirés du mini-lexique «Droit fiscal» et reproduits avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  4, record 4, French, - contestataire%20du%20fisc

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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In recent years, managers have taken over from game theory the notion that decision-making events can be one of two types : the win-lose situation(or zero-sum game) or the win-win situation in which everybody in the action comes out ahead.  1, record 5, English, - win%2Dwin%20situation

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The mediator can help the parties themselves find a solution that can often result in a "win-win" situation, where everyone is satisfied with the result.  2, record 5, English, - win%2Dwin%20situation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Les gestionnaires mettent certainement en œuvre de nombreux autres moyens pour transformer des situations humaines où l'un gagne et l'autre perd en des situations où les deux antagonistes gagnent.  3, record 5, French, - situation%20gagnant%2Dgagnant

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Le Royaume-Uni devient l'autorité compétente pour Gibraltar. Bruxelles est débarrassé d'un sérieux problème. Et Madrid, qui refuse de reconnaître les autorités locales, est soulagé. Peter Caruana, le ministre de Gibraltar a résumé l'accord par cette formule : «ni vainqueur ni vaincu».  2, record 5, French, - situation%20gagnant%2Dgagnant

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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The relative simplicity and straightforward character of the notion of "fundamental mistake" have been affected by modern English and Canadian decisions, with the result that the idea of "fundamental mistake" and the distinction between an error relating to the intention to contract and an error affecting motives for contracting has been blurred.  2, record 6, English, - fundamental%20error

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The husband's remedy was originally tied to the notion of loss of "services. "Gradually, it seems to have become recognized that the value of the conjugal relationship to him consisted not only in his wife's domestic assistance and the care of children, but also in the less tangible elements of her comfort and companionship...  3, record 7, English, - services

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services; servitium: in modern law these terms encompass the mutual services that the spouses owe each other as a consequence of the marriage state.  4, record 7, English, - services

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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services : ce terme désignait traditionnellement les services domestiques que l'épouse était tenue de rendre à son époux. Aujourd'hui, ce terme fait référence aux services mutuels que se doivent les époux en raison du mariage.  2, record 7, French, - services

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services : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - services

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A concept... to the effect that the international balance of powers today rests on the notion that the two major superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, both have at their disposal sufficient arsenals of modern weapons capable of exterminating each other several times over(overkill) in case either of them decided to upset the balance.  4, record 8, English, - balance%20of%20fear

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balance of fear; balance of terror: terms extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  5, record 8, English, - balance%20of%20fear

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Principe parfois invoqué par les gouvernements (dans une intention, louable en soi, d'apaisement de l'opinion publique) et selon lequel le rapport des forces en présence serait constant, entre les deux grandes puissances qui se disputent l'hégémonie mondiale; et ce, «quelles que soient les valeurs absolues» (celles-ci étant d'ailleurs en hausse indéfinie) des moyens de destruction dont ils disposent.  2, record 8, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20de%20la%20terreur

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Terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  3, record 8, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20de%20la%20terreur

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El equilibrio del terror [...] no se [logra] porque las fuerzas sean idénticas y se tengan respeto, [...] sino porque la capacidad de destrucción es total y, por consiguiente, el terror es lo que controla [...]  1, record 8, Spanish, - equilibrio%20del%20terror

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Our reputation as a welcoming society open to diversity is due, in large part, to the way we have supported and managed our linguistic differences. The national capital of this country must reflect the notion of tolerance, understanding, acceptance and solidarity that the nation advances on the world stage.  1, record 9, English, - welcoming%20society

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Notre renommée de société accueillante et ouverte à la diversité est imputable en bonne partie à la façon dont nous avons appuyé et géré nos différences linguistiques. La capitale nationale de notre pays doit traduire les valeurs de tolérance, de compréhension, d'acceptation et de solidarité qu'il cherche à promouvoir sur la scène internationale.  1, record 9, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20accueillante

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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... Uberrimae Fidei [is] Latin for "utmost good faith," the premise upon which insurance contracts are based. It is assumed that all parties enter into an insurance contract in good faith, meaning that they have disclosed all pertinent information and intend to carry out their obligation.  3, record 10, English, - utmost%20good%20faith

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Traditionally, contractual obligations between the insurer and the insured have been based on the Utmost Good Faith notion, in English and French laws, in Canadian Common Law and in Quebec Civil Code.  4, record 10, English, - utmost%20good%20faith

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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L'origine de la notion de la plus entière bonne foi. La notion anglaise Utmost good faith (Uberrimae Fidei), remonte au droit maritime. Elle se situe au point d'origine du droit moderne des assurances. Les navires marchands étant bien souvent hors de portée d'examen et d'évaluation par l'assureur à cause de leurs multiples périples à travers l'Empire et au-delà, le droit britannique a rapidement reconnu l'importance de la bonne foi la plus haute, de la part du preneur ou de l'assuré.  2, record 10, French, - la%20plus%20enti%C3%A8re%20bonne%20foi

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Un contrat d'assurance est un des rares contrats commerciaux conclus dans la bonne foi la plus entière. Cette exigence suppose un degré d'honnêteté encore plus élevé que celui exigé pour les contrats ordinaires. De plus, il est requis aussi bien de l'assuré que de l'assureur.  2, record 10, French, - la%20plus%20enti%C3%A8re%20bonne%20foi

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La relation de confiance change la situation du fait qu'elle impose la plus entière bonne foi («uberrimae fidei») au médecin, en l'obligeant notamment à s'assurer que les renseignements fournis au patient dépassent largement le cadre de la nature de l'acte, sans quoi il ne peut y avoir de consentement valable.  5, record 10, French, - la%20plus%20enti%C3%A8re%20bonne%20foi

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Although its approach is not tied to any domain, LOGO is mainly known for its applications in the exploratory learning of mathematics. In particular, the programmable "turtle" for the study of geometry has become famous. The turtle is a simple wheeled device bearing a pen, which can be programmed to move across a sheet of paper to draw geometrical figures. The idea is that a child who can discover how to program the turtle to draw, say, a triangle gains a very practical notion of what a triangle is. However, the use of the turtle is not limited to such simple geometrical concepts, and its power to "verify" concepts has been exploited to give students a personal experience of very advanced mathematical concepts(Abelson and diSessa, 2980). Now that LOGO has become fairly widespread, its concepts have found many application domains beyond mathematics.  3, record 11, English, - exploratory%20learning

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Pour être un bon minimaliste, il faut produire un manuel le plus court possible, incluant uniquement les informations nécessaires quand elles le sont (just-in-time learning). [...] Le bon minimaliste doit également favoriser l'apprentissage exploratoire, c'est-à-dire laisser l'apprenant découvrir seul les fonctionnalités du système et progresser par essais-erreurs.  2, record 11, French, - apprentissage%20exploratoire

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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With so many issues competing for their attention, many academics display an initial reluctance to use technology in their learning and teaching. This is often attributed to lack of time, rather than lack of interest. Popular belief states that e-learning techniques are hugely time consuming and expensive. While we have not argued against this notion per se, we do believe that the approach one takes towards the creation of e-learning resources can have a huge impact upon the ’value for money’ and time considerations often put forward as reasons not to engage with e-learning.  4, record 12, English, - e%2Dlearning%20technique

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L'éditeur israélien Interwise propose depuis 1994 une plate-forme logicielle baptisée Millenium destinée à l'enseignement électronique multimédia. Plus connu sous le terme anglais d'e-learning, ces techniques d'apprentissage en ligne émergent de façon significative.  2, record 12, French, - technique%20d%27apprentissage%20en%20ligne

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The World Confederation of Former Students of the Brothers of the Christian Schools came into existence in Brussels in 1958... In 1976, on Malta, it was transformed into the Lasallian World Confederation to respond to the new notion of "Lasallian Family"... Facing the necessity of structuring within the Lasallian Family all the movements that have sprung up in the Institute, the World Confederation ceased in 1990 and elaborated new Statutes to constitute the World Union of Lasallian Former Students, which began to organize itself in 1992.  1, record 13, English, - World%20Union%20of%20Lasallian%20Former%20Students

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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La Confédération Mondiale des Anciens Élèves des Frères des Écoles Chrétiennes fut fondée à Bruxelles en 1958 [...] En 1976, à Malte, celle-ci se transforme en Confédération Lasallienne Mondiale pour répondre à la notion naissante de «Famille Lasallienne» [...] Face à la nécessité de structurer dans le sein de la Famille Lasallienne tous les mouvements qui ont surgi de l'Institut, la Confédération Mondiale a cessé en 1990 et élaboré des statuts nouveaux pour constituer l'Union Mondiale des Anciens Élèves Lasalliens, qui commença à s'organiser en 1992.  1, record 13, French, - Union%20Mondiale%20des%20Anciens%20%C3%89l%C3%A8ves%20Lasalliens

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La Confederación Mundial de Antiguos Alumnos de los Hermanos de las Escuelas Cristianas nació en Bruselas en 1958 [...] En 1976, en Malta, se transformó en Confederación Lasallista Mundial para responder a la naciente noción de "Familia Lasallista" [...] Ante la necesidad de estructura dentro de la Familia Lasaliana todos los movimientos que han ido surgiendo del Instituto, la Confederación Mundial cesó en 1990, y elaboró nuevos estatutos para constituir la Unión Mundial de Exalumnos Lasalianos, que comenzó a organizarse en 1992.  1, record 13, Spanish, - Uni%C3%B3n%20Mundial%20de%20Exalumnos%20Lasalianos

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When these particles drift around the Earth, they do not remain on common field lines unless the geomagnetic field distribution is axially symmetric. This effect has been called "drift shell splitting"... A drift shell is uniquely determined by the coordinate pair(Bm, Lm) as a surface formed by segments of magnetic field lines between conjugate mirror points. Therefore, drift shells which are tangent to one another or cut one another at a given longitude or local time where they have a common segment of field line, generally are separate from one another at a different longitude or local time---in Roederer's terms these drift shells "split". But since these drift shells are different entities from the outset, there is no real need to infer a notion of splitting.  2, record 14, English, - shell%20splitting

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Appropriate time frames... By the end of the next ten years(by 2007)... devolution of social responsibilities to municipalities and downsizing of government generally, may have brought the notion of community responsibility into prominence...  1, record 15, English, - community%20responsibility

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Échéanciers appropriés [...] D'ici la fin des dix prochaines années (d'ici 2007) [...] le transfert des responsabilités sociales vers les municipalités et la réduction de la taille du gouvernement en général pourraient avoir contribué à accentuer la notion de la responsabilité communautaire.  1, record 15, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20communautaire

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Time and space limitations must be imposed to separate anthropogenic losses from normal evolutionary processes. Embodied in this theme is the notion of stewardship of nature which philosophically may be contradictory to the theme that ecosystems have no intrinsic value.  2, record 16, English, - evolutionary%20process

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Conservation: the maintenance or sustainable use of the Earth’s resources in a manner that maintains ecosystem, species and genetic diversity and the evolutionary and other processes that shaped them. Conservation may or may not involve the use of resources.  3, record 16, English, - evolutionary%20process

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Conservation : Maintien ou utilisation durable des ressources de la Terre de manière à préserver la diversité des écosystèmes, des espèces et des gènes ainsi que les phénomènes évolutifs et autres qui les façonnent. La conservation peut comprendre ou non l'utilisation des ressources.  2, record 16, French, - processus%20%C3%A9volutif

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Term and equivalent used in the publication: The Estates General on Education, Quebec, 1995-1996.  2, record 17, English, - notion%20of%20social%20return

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The notion of social return should be used to establish which segments of the education system should have priority.  1, record 17, English, - notion%20of%20social%20return

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Terme et équivalent relevés dans Les États généraux sur l'éducation, Québec, 1995-1996.  2, record 17, French, - notion%20de%20rendement%20social

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Pour déterminer les segments du système où il faut investir en priorité, il faut introduire la notion de rendement social.  1, record 17, French, - notion%20de%20rendement%20social

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Nicholas Negroponte and Richard Bolt pioneered the notion of computerized work-arounds for transmitting facial presence, but their apparatus required each participant to have a mask of the others present in his or her communication space; images of facial movements would be projected into the masks, creating an inexpensive and relatively effective three-dimensional simulation of a literal talking head. The facial mask is created solely within the computer through the use of shape-acquisition and facial modeling systems.  1, record 18, English, - facial%20mask

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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An environment that develops through time as a partial function of the learner’s prior activity may be termed "reactive." It is presently unknown to what extent natural environments are reactive and also whether nonreactive environments (such as offered by television) are sufficient for normal linguistic development.  3, record 19, English, - reactive%20environment

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In SOPHIE(SOPHisticated Instructional Environment) the pedagogical purpose is different : it is not so much to imitate a dialogue with a human teacher as to provide a reactive learning environment in which the student can try his ideas, have them critiqued, and receive advice. This notion of a reactive learning environment is an important paradigm for the contributions of artificial intelligence to an open-ended use of computers in educational settings. Brown et al.(1982) suggest that computer technology can be used to make experimentation both "easier" and "safer" by simulating environments that capitalize on the motivational value of exploratory problem-solving activities. AI-based supervision can then be provided to make sure that students learn from their experimentation.  4, record 19, English, - reactive%20environment

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As the description of SOPHIE as a reactive environment implies, it is a system which aims only to respond to the student’s inputs. It never takes the initiative....  5, record 19, English, - reactive%20environment

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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Voir force réactive, environnement d'apprentissage.  2, record 19, French, - environnement%20d%27apprentissage%20r%C3%A9actif

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réactif: condition morale particulièrement agissante ou révélatrice.  3, record 19, French, - environnement%20d%27apprentissage%20r%C3%A9actif

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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This notion of topological dimension has been formalized in the twentieth century on the basis of the idea of Poincaré(1905, Chap. III, S3) to let a point have zero dimension, to relate the dimension of a space to the way it can be divided by boundaries, and to use mathematical induction. Thus curves can be divided by cuts which are of zero dimension(i. e. by points) and so have one dimension, surfaces can be divided by cuts of one dimension(i. e. by curves) and so have two dimensions, etc. Cantor's middle-thirds set had no place in Euclid's Elements, of course, but it may be said to have topological dimension d=O because it is a subset of R with zero length(and so has neither breadth nor length).  2, record 20, English, - topological%20dimension

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Ensemble dont la dimension fractale est égale ou supérieure à sa dimension ordinaire (topologique).  2, record 20, French, - dimension%20topologique

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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Fischer, Brown, and Burton(1978; Burton, Brown, and Fischer, 1984) propose a paradigm for the design of optimal learning environments, which they call increasingly complex microworlds. The concept of microworlds created for educational purposes with the computer as a(universal simulator) is already the central theme of LOGO. Fischer et al. set out to formalize the notion of a succession of(microworlds) where the modifications at each step are meant to support learning. The idea is to start with a simplified world and to have a coach progressively add new dimensions of complexity that require an increasing mastery of basic skills. Fischer et al. present skiing instruction as a pedagogical success model that has made use of microworlds. Over the years, skiing instruction has become safer and surprisingly effective. According to the authors, the key to this success is the definition of progressive learning phases : instructors have combined technological advances with pedagogical cleverness to provide useful simplified versions of the skill.  1, record 21, English, - increasingly%20complex%20microworld

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Voir micromonde, complexifié.  2, record 21, French, - micromonde%20complexifi%C3%A9

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Constraint which captures the notion that a clause can only be part of the solution if all of its fragments have viable bindings.  1, record 22, English, - clause%20constraint

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Record 23,  Textual support,  English

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Building on Putnam's pioneering attempt to tackle the issues of knowledge in an idiom that makes sense in the contemporary cognitive milieu, certain philosophers have put forth their own analytic schemes. The Concept of "intentional system"(Daniel Dennett) is designed to play a role in the legitimation of mental descriptions parallel to the role played by the abstract notion of a Turing machine in setting down the rules for interpreting an artifact like a computer.  1, record 23, English, - intentional%20system

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

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intentionnel : doté d'intentions. Voir ce concept chez Husserl.  1, record 23, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20intentionnel

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir aussi "apprentissage intentionnel" et modèle.  1, record 23, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20intentionnel

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Corey(1985) criticizes the Piagetian notion that children at first have no concept for mechanical causation apart from intentional causation.  1, record 24, English, - mechanical%20causation

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Causalité se traduit par "causation" dans le Larousse moderne.  1, record 24, French, - causalit%C3%A9%20m%C3%A9canique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Corey(1985) criticizes the Piagetian notion that children at first have no concept for mechanical causation apart from intentional causation.  1, record 25, English, - intentional%20causation

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

causalité est traduit par causation dans le Larousse moderne.  1, record 25, French, - causalit%C3%A9%20intentionnelle

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While not boldly claiming that human beings have pictures in their heads, Kosslyn and his colleagues defend the notion of a "quasi pictorial" form of mental representation called "imagery". In their view, this form of mental representation is as important for an understanding of cognition as is the more usually invoked propositional form.  1, record 26, English, - quasi%20pictorial

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

imagé : représenté par l'image.  2, record 26, French, - quasi%20imag%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A notion, in internal politics, related to the observation that social functions are most effectively identified and performed by different levels of decision-making depending or their nature. In most countries, some functions are best performed at the municipal level, some at the state or provincial level, some at the national(or federal level). In the larger states, geographically, we often have three-tiered government.  2, record 27, English, - optimum%20groupings%20concept

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) If 1970 M [the money supply] is six times 1939 M, then an adherent of what can be called the "crude Quantity Theory of Money and Prices" would have to predict that the 1970 price level P should be almost exactly six times 1939 P. The fact that prices have less than tripled in that period would be a refutation of this crude notion that the price level moves in direct proportion to the money supply.  1, record 28, English, - crude%20Quantity%20Theory%20of%20Money%20and%20Prices

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish