TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a person who is endowed with full political and civil rights in the state concerned.  2, record 1, English, - citizen

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... international law recognizes that one's status as a "citizen" is determined by domestic law, but for certain purposes, especially when a citizen is outside the boundaries of his country, international law may have an overriding effect. Thus, international law recognizes the right of a country to protect its citizens(who are known as "nationals" when they are abroad), but at that point, since this is a right recognized at international law, the definition of who is a "citizen" or "national" must be determined by international law as well.  3, record 1, English, - citizen

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le droit international reconnaît l'autorité du droit national pour déterminer le statut de «citoyen». Mais dans certains cas, spécialement quand un citoyen est hors des frontières de son pays, le droit international reconnaît qu'un pays a le droit de protéger ses citoyens (qu'on appelle «ressortissants» quand ils sont à l'étranger), mais alors et pour cette raison, la définition du «citoyen» ou du «ressortissant» doit être aussi établie en droit international.  3, record 1, French, - citoyen

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Persona considerada como miembro activo de un Estado, titular de derechos políticos y sometido a sus leyes.  3, record 1, Spanish, - ciudadano

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ciudadano: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que cuando se habla de un "nacional", se alude a una persona que no es extranjera y no es adecuado su uso como mero sinónimo de un "ciudadano".  4, record 1, Spanish, - ciudadano

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A person having actual possession is presumed to have the right of property and is accordingly entitled to have his possession protected unless anyone can prove a superior title. Even if he has no right to possession, he is entitled as against a stranger or a wrongdoer to have the rights and remedies of a person entitled to possession.("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 971).  2, record 2, English, - right%20to%20possession

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit à la possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 2, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20possession

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the English Court of Appeal found that the common law was uncertain, and resolved the uncertainty by holding that the local council did not have the right to sue for defamation.  2, record 3, English, - sue%20for%20defamation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Constitution-including the Charter-is the "Supreme Law" which means that governments must respect it whenever they pass a law, make a policy, or have day-to-day dealings with us. Governments must, therefore, respect our right to equality whenever they pass a law, make a policy, or deal with us.  2, record 4, English, - supreme%20law

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Loi constitutionnelle déclare que la Constitution du Canada est la loi suprême du pays, et elle englobe quelque 30 autres lois et décrets qui en font partie.  2, record 4, French, - loi%20supr%C3%AAme

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'idée d'une loi suprême dont le contenu est invariable et qui s'impose à toutes les autres normes juridiques est évidemment religieuse.  3, record 4, French, - loi%20supr%C3%AAme

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the customary rule has been that aircraft from one state have a right to fly over the high seas, but not over the territory or territorial sea of another state. It is a serious breach of international law for a state to order its aircraft to violate the air space of another state.(In May 1960, when a United States U2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down over the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union cancelled a summit conference with the United States in protest against the violation of its air space).  1, record 5, English, - violate%20the%20air%20space

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a prescriptive easement to arise, the claimant must show user "as of right". This means that he has enjoyed the easement as if he were entitled to it. The enjoyment must have been without force, without secrecy and without permission.("Nec vi, nec clam, nec precario", are the expressions used in legal terminology).(Law Reform Commission of British Columbia, "Report on Limitations", 1970, p. 27)  1, record 6, English, - user%20as%20of%20right

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

usage comme de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - usage%20comme%20de%20droit

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The [land titles legislation has] conferred on a registered proprietor of land what may be called a statutory estate, which is not a merely legal right, but a right both legal and equitable, which courts both of law and equity must recognize : the interest conferred is, indeed, expressly called an "estate", and consists of rights as nearly as possible resembling the rights of persons who have what is ordinarily called an "estate" in the land, but the new registered, or statutory, estate does not operate in the same manner, or on the same principles, as the ordinary "estate".(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 1608).  1, record 7, English, - statutory%20estate

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

domaine d'origine législative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - domaine%20d%27origine%20l%C3%A9gislative

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An animal wild by nature which has been so reclaimed as to become tame and under the dominion and control of its master.  2, record 8, English, - domesticated%20animal

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession...(Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 54-4).  3, record 8, English, - domesticated%20animal

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  2, record 8, French, - animal%20domestiqu%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestiqué : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 8, French, - animal%20domestiqu%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dower at common law was the right of a wife on surviving her husband to an estate for her life in one-third of the freehold estates of inheritance of which her deceased husband was solely seised at any time during the marriage and which her issue by him might possibly have inherited.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 175).  1, record 9, English, - dower

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The legal right or interest ... that a wife acquires in the property her husband held or acquired anytime during their marriage. During the husband’s life, the dower is an expectant, or inchoate, interest which does not actually become a legal estate (called consummate dower) until the husband’s death. (Reilly, 2nd, p. 146).  1, record 9, English, - dower

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

douaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - douaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... a right which arose at common law upon the grant of arable land prior to the "Statute of Quia Emptores".  1, record 10, English, - profit%20%C3%A0%20prendre%20appendant

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Before the passing of this statute, when a lord of the manor enfeoffed a person of some parcels of arable land the feoffee thereby became entitled to certain ancillary rights with respect to other land in the manor; after the statute was passed these rights no longer arose upon a grant of the land. Consequently all profits à prendre appendant must have come into existence prior to 1290. Profits à prendre appendant are therefore said to be "of common right". (Halsbury, 4th ed., Vol. 14, p. 118).  1, record 10, English, - profit%20%C3%A0%20prendre%20appendant

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS

[This right] has no application to Canadian law as all profits à prendre appendant must have come into existence prior to 1290.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 974).  1, record 10, English, - profit%20%C3%A0%20prendre%20appendant

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

profit à prendre annexe; profit annexe : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - profit%20%C3%A0%20prendre%20annexe

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two mains groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession...(Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, record 11, English, - animal%20ferae%20naturae

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux sauvages font l'objet d'une propriété relative, tant que l'animal reste en la possession du propriétaire ou tant qu'il n'a pas perdu son «animus revertendi» ou sa propension à revenir. Il devient une propriété absolue lorsqu'il est tué par le propriétaire.  3, record 11, French, - animal%20ferae%20naturae

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal sauvage; animal ferae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 11, French, - animal%20ferae%20naturae

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "domestic animals" includes all those domestic or tame animals as by habit or training live in association with man. An animal which does not exist in a wild state anywhere in the world is in law a domestic animal. It is a question of law, not fact, whether an animal is within the class of domestic animals or wild animals. (2 Hals., 4th, p. 85-86)  2, record 12, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession...(Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, record 12, English, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  3, record 12, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestique; animal domitae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, record 12, French, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The suggestion that there might exceptionally be a case in which a breach of a public law duty could found a private law right of action has proved controversial and it may have been ill-advised to speculate upon such matters.  2, record 13, English, - public%20law%20duty

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition, Article 18 of the Interim Constitution protects the right to employment and social security and provides that “every citizen shall have the right to food sovereignty according to the provision made by the law. ” Food sovereignty, a concept that promotes local ownership of productive resources for food security, incorporates a human rights perspective.  1, record 14, English, - right%20to%20food%20sovereignty

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De plus, l’article 18 de la constitution provisoire protège le droit à l’emploi et à la sécurité sociale, et stipule que chaque citoyen aura droit à la souveraineté alimentaire selon les dispositions prévues par la loi. La souveraineté alimentaire, un concept promouvant la propriété locale des ressources productives pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire, intègre l’optique des droits de la personne.  1, record 14, French, - droit%20%C3%A0%20la%20souverainet%C3%A9%20alimentaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A statement in which an accused person acknowledges having committed the crime.  2, record 15, English, - direct%20confession

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even with a direct confession of guilt, the defendant can find a way to have it later thrown out through one or another loophole.  3, record 15, English, - direct%20confession

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Confession, in law, the formal admission of criminal guilt, usually obtained in the course of examination by the police or prosecutor or at trial. For a confession to be admissible as evidence against an accused individual, it generally must have been procured voluntarily after the person was informed of his or her right to remain silent and right to consult an attorney.  4, record 15, English, - direct%20confession

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il [Brown] a toujours nié l'avoir fait, malgré que les enquêteurs aient exercé sur lui de fortes pressions psychologiques pour le faire avouer; il n'a pas fait non plus d'aveu direct à quelque autre personne, y compris son épouse.  1, record 15, French, - aveu%20direct

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aveu : reconnaissance d'un fait de nature à produire des conséquences juridiques contre son auteur.  2, record 15, French, - aveu%20direct

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The need for full disclosure of material risk is an important new reality for all health care professional. It is based on increased recognition by society and in the law that patients have the right to know about risks and their health care options before consenting to examination or treatment.  2, record 16, English, - right%20to%20know

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le patient a le droit de connaître tous les risques auxquels l'exposent les examens, interventions ou traitements qui lui sont proposés [ ... ]  3, record 16, French, - droit%20de%20conna%C3%AEtre

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le droit de savoir par rapport au droit de ne pas savoir [ ... ]  2, record 16, French, - droit%20de%20conna%C3%AEtre

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is the Right to Refuse? Under the law,(Manitoba's Workplace Safety and Health Act), you can refuse any task that you have reasonable grounds to believe is dangerous to your safety and health or the safety and health of others.  4, record 17, English, - right%20to%20refuse%20dangerous%20work

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Occupational Health and Safety Act gives a worker the right to refuse work that he or she believes is unsafe.  5, record 17, English, - right%20to%20refuse%20dangerous%20work

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Droit de refus. L'article 19 de la Loi sur l'hygiène et la sécurité au travail stipule ce qui suit : «Un salarié peut refuser d'accomplir tout acte à son lieu de travail lorsqu'il a des motifs raisonnables de croire que cet acte mettra vraisemblablement en danger sa santé ou sa sécurité ou celle de tout autre salarié.»  3, record 17, French, - droit%20de%20refuser%20un%20travail%20dangereux

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsque vous utilisez votre droit de refus, vous devez rester sur les lieux de travail pendant les heures normales de travail.  4, record 17, French, - droit%20de%20refuser%20un%20travail%20dangereux

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the case of land, the disseised person has both a right of entry and a right of action. In the case of incorporeal hereditaments, as the disseisin could only be by election, the disseised person might either have an action for the disseisin, or avail himself of any other remedy which the law gave him.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 628).  2, record 18, English, - disseise

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dessaisir : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - dessaisir

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frequently treaties of cession have granted the inhabitants of the ceded territory to opt for one or other of the nationalities concerned. Such a right of option would seem to be part of the English law of nationality but there is no customary rule of international law in favour of option.... the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961 requires States, in the event of ceding territory, to make provision that no person shall become stateless as a result, and for cessinary States to confer their nationality on such persons as would become stateless.  2, record 19, English, - right%20of%20option

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la différence du plébiscite - consultation collective de la population d'un territoire à céder sur l'État auquel elle désire être rattachée - le droit d'option se présente comme la faculté souvent concédée aux habitants d'un territoire affecté par un changement de souveraineté, de choisir dans un délai déterminé entre la nationalité de l'État cédant et celle de l'État cessionnaire.  1, record 19, French, - droit%20d%27option

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the PACS, the definition of "union" will differ from a marriage - couples will be asked to register at a court, rather than at a town hall, and they will earn the right to a joint tax return after three years of fidelity, compared with instantly for married couples.  3, record 20, English, - civil%20solidarity%20pact

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A French law adopted in October 1999... allows unmarried heterosexuals and homosexuals to register their unions and have inheritance, housing and social welfare rights, as well as the right to pay joint taxes.  3, record 20, English, - civil%20solidarity%20pact

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compare to the North-American concept of "registered domestic partnership".  4, record 20, English, - civil%20solidarity%20pact

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In France, the Civil Solidarity Pact bill would provide a judicial framework for unmarried couples, both heterosexual and homosexual, and tax and inheritance advantages.  5, record 20, English, - civil%20solidarity%20pact

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cadre juridique spécifique ouvert à tous les couples non mariés, homosexuels ou hétérosexuels, dont les partenaires ne se contentent pas du concubinage, qui est une union libre de nature privée, et ne veulent pas ou ne peuvent pas s'engager dans les liens du mariage (Catherine Tasca, le garde des Sceaux).  4, record 20, French, - pacte%20civil%20de%20solidarit%C3%A9

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Pacs, qui concerne uniquement les couples ayant «toit partagé et lit partagé» serait inscrit dans un registre tenu à la mairie du lieu de naissance de chaque partenaire, ce qui devrait permettre d'éviter de cumuler plusieurs Pacs, ou Pacs et mariage.  4, record 20, French, - pacte%20civil%20de%20solidarit%C3%A9

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les signataires d'un Pacs sont des «pacsés».  5, record 20, French, - pacte%20civil%20de%20solidarit%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The assignment referred to... is effectual in law, subject to all equities that would have been entitled to priority over the right of the assignee if this section had not been enacted, to pass and transfer,... the legal right to the Crown debt....  1, record 21, English, - be%20effectual%20in%20law%20to%20pass%20and%20transfer

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sous réserve des droits qui, en l'absence du présent article, auraient pris rang avant celui du cessionnaire, la cession a pour effet de transférer [...] le droit à la créance sur Sa Majesté [...].  1, record 21, French, - avoir%20pour%20effet%20de%20transf%C3%A9rer

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In matches where an Umpire is appointed, his decision shall be final; but where a Referee is appointed, an appeal shall lie to him from the decision of an Umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. In matches where assistants to the Umpire are appointed(Linesmen, Netcord Judges, Foot-fault Judges) their decisions shall be final on questions of fact except that if in the opinion of an Umpire a clear mistake has been made he shall have the right to change the decision of an assistant or order a let to be played.  2, record 22, English, - question%20of%20fact

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand il y a un arbitre, ses décisions sont finales; quand il y a un juge-arbitre, il a le pouvoir d'entendre les appels sur les décisions des arbitres qui impliquent des questions de droit, c'est-à-dire d'interprétation des règlements. La décision du juge-arbitre est alors finale. Quand il y a des adjoints à l'arbitre (juges de lignes, juge de filet, juges de fautes de pied), leurs décisions sont finales sur les questions de fait, c'est-à-dire de jugement, sauf si l'arbitre estime qu'une erreur manifeste a été commise.  1, record 22, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Les décisions de l'arbitre] sont sans appel sur la matérialité des faits mais il ne peut modifier celle des juges de ligne.  2, record 22, French, - question%20de%20fait

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Performers in Canada receive remuneration for their performances only by contract. Canada copyright law does not provide a performing right for performers as it does for composers and authors. Unlike the composer of a piece of music, the performer of the piece is not entitled by copyright law to remuneration for re-use of his performance. The issue is whether performers should, in addition to their contractual rights, have a performing right in their performances.  1, record 23, English, - performing%20right%20in%20a%20performance

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les artistes interprètes ou exécutants ne perçoivent au Canada une rémunération pour leurs interprétations que par contrat. La loi canadienne du droit d'auteur ne prévoit pas de droit de représentation en faveur d'exécutants comme elle le fait pour les compositeurs et les auteurs. À la différence du compositeur d'un morceau de musique, l'exécutant de celui-ci n'est pas fondé, en vertu de la loi du droit d'auteur, à une rémunération en raison de l'utilisation ultérieure de son interprétation. La question qui se pose est de savoir si les exécutants ont, en plus de leurs droits contractuels, un droit d'exécution de leurs représentations.  2, record 23, French, - droit%20d%27ex%C3%A9cution

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Article 5 of the Vienna Convention, taking into consideration the needs of the post, contains a general summary of consular functions. These may be summarised as follows :-To protect the interests, physical or moral, of the sending state from which stems, in particular, the right to issue passports and visas, to act as notary or civil registrar and in capacities of a similar kind, to safeguard the interests of nationals in case of succession mortis causa, or the protection of minors and other persons lacking full capacity, to have their nationals represented in courts of law, to transmit judicial or extrajudicial documents, to control and to assist national vessels and aircraft and their crews....-To make all lawful investigations into the progress of the economic life of the country.-To encourage the development of economic, commercial, cultural and scientific relations.-To exercise all functions attributed to consuls by the sending state which are not forbidden by the state of residence.  3, record 24, English, - consular%20functions

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'article 5 de la Convention de Vienne énumère de façon générale les fonctions des consuls. Nous les résumons ci-après : - Protéger les intérêts de l'État qui l'envoie et ceux de ses ressortissants, qu'il s'agisse de personnes physiques ou morales; d'où découle notamment le droit de délivrer passeports et visas, d'exercer les fonctions d'officier de l'état civil et de notaire, d'intervenir dans la protection des intérêts de leurs ressortissants en matière de succession et pour la protection des incapables; de faire représenter leurs ressortissants devant les tribunaux et de transmettre les actes judiciaires; de contrôler et d'assister les bâtiments de commerce nationaux et d'exercer la police à bord. [...] - S'informer par tous les moyens licites sur l'évolution de la vie économique. - Favoriser le développement des relations économiques, commerciales, culturelles et scientifiques. - Exercer toutes fonctions attribuées aux consuls par l'État d'envoi et que n'interdit pas l'État de résidence.  2, record 24, French, - fonctions%20consulaires

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural law(or law of nature). The belief in natural law and natural law theories has been one of the most ancient and persistent themes in philosophy, and in legal history and theory. In general, it denotes belief in a system of right or justice common to all men prescribed by the supreme controlling force in the universe and distinct from positive law, law laid down by any particular state or other human organization. The starting points of all natural law thinking have been "reason" and "the nature of man". But there have always been disagreements about the meaning of natural law and its relation to positive law.  4, record 25, English, - natural%20law

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit des gens peut être conçu, soit comme étant l'expression de la justice appliquée aux rapports internationaux, soit comme étant l'ensemble des règles qui, à un moment donné, sont effectivement en vigueur entre des États donnés. Dans le premier cas on est en présence du droit naturel, que l'on appelle aussi droit idéal, nécessaire, rationnel, primitif ou objectif. Dans le second cas on est en présence du droit positif, effectif ou établi. Cette distinction, qui n'est pas propre au droit international, y a une importance particulière pour des raisons d'ordre historique et technique : l'effort doctrinal des théologiens d'une part, l'absence de législateur superétatique d'autre part, expliquent l'attitude fréquemment adoptée par les auteurs du droit international, volontiers enclins à faire appel aux principes du droit naturel pour compléter, amender ou interpréter les données du droit positif.  2, record 25, French, - droit%20naturel

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Primeros principios de lo justo y lo injusto, inspirados por la propia naturaleza.  1, record 25, Spanish, - derecho%20natural

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parliament Law is based on centuries of tradition and precedents which have marked the evolution of parliamentary freedoms from the time that the first Parliaments were governed under the Divine Right of Kings to the stage of parliamentary sovereignty which we have now acquired.  1, record 26, English, - parliamentary%20freedoms

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le droit parlementaire] est fondé sur des siècles de tradition et de précédents qui ont marqué l'évolution des libertés parlementaires, de l'époque où les parlements étaient régis selon le principe du droit divin des monarques jusqu'à l'actuelle souveraineté parlementaire.  1, record 26, French, - libert%C3%A9s%20parlementaires

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In matches where an Umpire is appointed, his decision shall be final; but where a Referee is appointed, an appeal shall lie to him from the decision of an Umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. In matches where assistants to the Umpire are appointed(Linesmen, Netcord Judges, Foot-fault Judges) their decisions shall be final on questions of fact except that if in the opinion of an Umpire a clear mistake has been made he shall have the right to change the decision of an assistant or order a let to be played.  1, record 27, English, - question%20of%20law

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand il y a un arbitre, ses décisions sont finales; quand il y a un juge-arbitre, il a le pouvoir d'entendre les appels sur les décisions des arbitres qui impliquent des questions de droit, c'est-à-dire d'interprétation des règlements. La décision du juge-arbitre est alors finale. Quand il y a des adjoints à l'arbitre (juges de lignes, juge de filet, juges de fautes de pied), leurs décisions sont finales sur les questions de fait, c'est-à-dire de jugement, sauf si l'arbitre estime qu'une erreur manifeste a été commise.  2, record 27, French, - point%20de%20droit

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsqu'un juge-arbitre a été désigné, appel peut être interjeté devant lui sur un point de droit.  1, record 27, French, - point%20de%20droit

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En los encuentros dirigidos por un juez de silla, la decisión de éste es inapelable. Pero cuando exista también un juez-árbitro, se podrá recurrir a él para la resolución de un punto de derecho. En este caso, la decisión del juez-árbitro es definitiva.  1, record 27, Spanish, - punto%20de%20derecho

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mirror symmetry, that is, invariance against "flipping sides", is perhaps the most widely noticed symmetry. Nature built many of her organisms in nearly symmetric ways, and most fundamental laws of physics, such as Newton's law of gravitation, have an exact mirror symmetry : there is no difference between left and right in the attraction of heavenly(and most earthbound) bodies. However, the nonconservation of parity in radioactive decay-that is, the violation of point symmetry in the "weak" interactions-has finally taught even the physicists to take the distinction between right and left seriously.  2, record 28, English, - mirror%20symmetry

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] symétrie signifiant que le corps est divisé en deux parties, chacune image de l'autre dans un miroir. C'est la notion courante de symétrie bilatérale.  2, record 28, French, - sym%C3%A9trie%20bilat%C3%A9rale

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rights and powers of a bank in respect of the property covered by security... do not have priority over an interest or right acquired in, on or in respect of the property unless... there has been registered... a caution, caveat or memorial in respect of the rights of the bank;... [Banks and Banking Law Revision Act, 1980]  2, record 29, English, - caution

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi de 1980 remaniant la législation bancaire  2, record 29, French, - mise%20en%20garde

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Moral law : the body of requirements in conformity to which right or virtuous action consists; a particular requirement of this kind. Opposed to positive or instituted laws, the obligation of which depends solely on the fact that they have been imposed by a rightful authority.  2, record 30, English, - moral%20authority

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un système de gouvernement n'est jamais fondé sur la force, mais sur l'autorité morale.  1, record 30, French, - autorit%C3%A9%20morale

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish