TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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What is biochemistry? Biochemistry explores chemical processes related to living organisms. It is a laboratory-based science combining biology and chemistry. Biochemists study the structure, composition, and chemical reactions of substances in living systems and, in turn, their functions and ways to control them. Biochemistry emerged as a separate discipline when scientists combined biology with organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. They began to study areas such as : how living things get energy from food; the chemical basis of heredity; what fundamental changes occur in disease.  2, record 1, English, - biochemist

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Marine genetic resources refer to genetic material of marine plants, marine animals, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity, which have an actual or potential value.  3, record 2, English, - marine%20genetic%20resource

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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[A specialist who] studies heredity and variation chiefly in farm animals but also in domestic and wild animals.  2, record 3, English, - animal%20geneticist

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Animal geneticists analyze the genetic makeup of animals in order [to] discover which genes cause them to behave [in] certain ways.  3, record 3, English, - animal%20geneticist

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Especialista en el estudio] de [los] genes y la mejora de la heredabilidad de los rasgos deseados en poblaciones animales.  1, record 3, Spanish, - genetista%20de%20animales

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Los genetistas de animales pueden ser responsables de desarrollar programas de cría selectiva, estudiar y analizar genealogías, realizar investigaciones genéticas o pruebas de laboratorio, desarrollar estrategias para mejorar la heredabilidad de los rasgos deseables […]  1, record 3, Spanish, - genetista%20de%20animales

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The term genetic engineering initially referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction... In the latter part of the 20th century, however, the term came to refer more specifically to methods of recombinant DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] technology(or gene cloning)...  2, record 4, English, - genetic%20engineering

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Ensemble de concepts, méthodes et techniques permettant de modifier le patrimoine héréditaire d'une cellule par la manipulation de gènes et leur transposition.  3, record 4, French, - g%C3%A9nie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

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génie génétique : désignation et définition normalisées par l'AFNOR; définition reproduite avec son autorisation.  4, record 4, French, - g%C3%A9nie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Nuevas técnicas de investigación que manipulan el ADN de las células. La técnica de combinar genes, la cual produce ADN recombinante, es un sistema que consiste en insertar genes de un organismo en otro.  2, record 4, Spanish, - ingenier%C3%ADa%20gen%C3%A9tica

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A branch of genetics that studies heredity and variation chiefly in farm animals but also in domestic and wild animals.  2, record 5, English, - animal%20genetics

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Rama de la genética que] estudia [los] genes y la mejora de la heredabilidad de los rasgos deseados en poblaciones animales.  2, record 5, Spanish, - gen%C3%A9tica%20animal

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Machine learning based on an iterative classification algorithm which selects pairs of classifiers according to strength, applies genetic operators to the pairs to create offsprings, the strongest of which replace the weakest classifiers in order to generate new, plausible rules when the available rules prove inadequate.  2, record 6, English, - genetic%2Dalgorithm%20approach

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Whereas most concept-learning systems have organized search in the manner outlined ..., a notable exception is the genetic-algorithm approach, which does not use the partial ordering.  1, record 6, English, - genetic%2Dalgorithm%20approach

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The term "genetic" comes from the field of natural genetics, where it is linked to heredity, variation of the species, and the survival of the fittest.  2, record 6, English, - genetic%2Dalgorithm%20approach

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Apprentissage machine effectué avec un algorithme de classification itératif qui sélectionne les paires de classificateurs les plus puissants et leur applique des générateurs de nœuds descendants. Ensuite, les nœuds descendants les plus puissants remplacent les classificateurs les plus faibles au départ et engendrent des nouvelles règles plausibles dès qu'une règle existante s'avère inadéquate.  2, record 6, French, - apprentissage%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

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L'apprentissage génétique. Cette approche est basée sur une analogie entre variantes de descriptions d'un concept et espèces en compétition, dont les plus fortes tendent à supplanter les autres en cours de mutation.  1, record 6, French, - apprentissage%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

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Le terme «génétique» est emprunté à la génétique des espèces naturelles avec ses connotations d'hérédité, de variation des espèces et de persistance du plus apte.  2, record 6, French, - apprentissage%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Thus the influence of a consanguine marriage is simply the influence of a double heredity. The proper way to examine the question clearly, is to find what is the proportion of marriages of blood relations in a given population, and then to inquire if there be in the issue of such marriages a larger percentage of insane, epileptic, deaf, dumb, idiotic, scrofulous, or otherwise unhealthy children.  5, record 7, English, - consanguine%20marriage

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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On appelle «mariage consanguin» celui qui unit des personnes qui ont, entre elles, une parenté par le sang, tel le cas du mariage entre cousins permis dans les limites de la loi.  3, record 7, French, - mariage%20consanguin

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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If changes in the gene marks become inheritable by the organism's own offspring, the marks are then a form of epigenetic heredity-meaning inheritance over and above the genes themselves.  2, record 8, English, - epigenetic%20heredity

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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À côté des mécanismes génétiques classiques, on sait que des modifications dites épigénétiques, qui modulent l'expression d'un gène sans modifier sa séquence, peuvent être transmises à la descendance : on parle alors d'hérédité épigénétique.  2, record 8, French, - h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9%20%C3%A9pig%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The study of human development, and specifically, the factors that shape behaviour from birth to old age.  3, record 9, English, - developmental%20psychology

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Genetic psychology focuses on the evolutionary aspect of behaviour, i. e. its ontogenesis. Because of possible confusion with genetics, the study of heredity, this term is less popular. The term "developmental psychology" is the most commonly used.  3, record 9, English, - developmental%20psychology

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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[Étude du] développement humain et, plus particulièrement, des facteurs qui façonnent le comportement de la naissance à la vieillesse.  3, record 9, French, - psychologie%20du%20d%C3%A9veloppement

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psychologie génétique : En raison des confusions possibles avec la génétique, l’étude de l’hérédité, ce terme est de moins en moins utilisé. Le terme «psychologie du développement» est celui le plus en usage.  4, record 9, French, - psychologie%20du%20d%C3%A9veloppement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.  2, record 10, English, - gene

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité physique et fonctionnelle de l'hérédité, transmise à la descendance, constituée d'ADN et qui contient l'information nécessaire à la synthèse de polypeptides, d'ARNt (ARN de transfert) ou d'ARNr (ARN ribosomal).  2, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne

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gène : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Secuencia] de ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN), estructura que se constituye como una unidad funcional a cargo del traspaso de rasgos hereditarios.  1, record 10, Spanish, - gen

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un gen [...] es una serie de nucleóticos que almacena la información que se requiere para sintetizar a una macromolécula que posee un rol celular específico. [...] El gen [...] es imprescindible para lograr que el ARN [ácido ribonucleico] funcional pueda ser sintetizado. La transcripción genética produce una molécula de ARN que luego se traduce en los ribosomas y genera una proteína. Hay genes, sin embargo, que no son traducidos a proteínas y que cumplen otros roles en forma de ARN.  1, record 10, Spanish, - gen

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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The study of genes and heredity and their effect on the structure and functioning of living organisms.  2, record 11, English, - genetics

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Science de l'hérédité [...]  2, record 11, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estudio de la herencia y la variabilidad de las semejanzas y diferencias entre los organismos.  1, record 11, Spanish, - gen%C3%A9tica

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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Those who take this point of view immediately deduce from it that inequality of educational opportunity is largely responsible for the high degree of social heredity found in industrial societies. In other words, this form of inequality is taken to be a prime cause of social and professional immobility as between one generation and the next.  1, record 12, English, - social%20heredity

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Désigne une situation où la mobilité sociale est faible. La probabilité de ne pas changer de catégorie sociale par rapport à celle occupée par son père est alors forte. Cette hérédité sociale ne se traduit pas forcément par une similarité des professions exercées.  1, record 12, French, - h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9%20sociale

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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The state of the body's natural defense to fight diseases, influenced by heredity, age, past illness history, diet, drugs, and physical and mental health.  1, record 13, English, - immune%20status

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It includes production of circulating antibodies and their function.  1, record 13, English, - immune%20status

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La réponse [immunitaire] primaire comprend plusieurs étapes chronologiques : [parmi lesquelles] une phase de repos durant laquelle L'Ac [l'anticorps] n'est plus détectable. Toutefois l'organisme n'est cependant pas dans le même état immunitaire qu'avant le contact avec l'Ag [l'antigène]. Ig [l'immunoglobuline] possède des cellules à mémoire susceptibles d'agir ultérieurement.  1, record 13, French, - %C3%A9tat%20immunitaire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microbial Genetics : An Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology. Shimmin, Lawrence; Matney, Thomas. Three semester hours. Fall annually. Prerequisite : consent of instructor. A study of the molecular basis of heredity in microorganisms. Topics include : mutagenesis, genetic mapping, recombination, complementation, lysogeny, genetic regulation, cloning vectors, cDNA and genomic libraries, restriction mapping, DNA sequencing, and computer applications.  2, record 15, English, - microbial%20genetics

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les maladies génétiques étaient jadis attribuées selon le modèle classique de la génétique microbienne, soit à des mutations de gènes de structure, soit à des mutations des gènes de régulation.  2, record 15, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20microbienne

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Ces dernières années, les progrès de la génétique microbienne ont été si rapides et si spectaculaires qu'ils ont apporté à l'industrie de la fermentation une série d'options tout à fait nouvelles.  3, record 15, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique%20microbienne

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The identification and understanding of individual and population differences and similarities in gene expression in response to diet can lead to food products customized for an individual’s nutritional needs.  2, record 16, English, - nutrigenomics

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This term refers to the study of our food and how it influences our health through interactions with our personal genetic make-up. It is suggested, in the hand-waving way of futurist commentators in this field, that one day many of our ailments might be treated not with drugs but with special diets. However, the complexity of the factors influencing health-not merely diet and heredity, but also economic and social conditions, culture and behaviour-are likely to make it difficult to isolate the influences of food from all the others.  3, record 16, English, - nutrigenomics

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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La nutrigénomique (ou nutrigénétique) a pour but d'étudier les interactions entre gènes et pratiques alimentaires. En effet, même si 99.9% du génome des Hommes est identique, la différence de 0.1% entre individus peut entraîner des différences significatives dans l'expression de ces gènes, et dans la réponse à certains facteurs environnementaux, comme l'alimentation. Ainsi, la nutrigénomique se distingue de la recherche nutritionnelle traditionnelle en ce sens qu'elle s'intéresse non pas à un ensemble de la population, mais aux différences entre individus et entre génotypes.  1, record 16, French, - nutrig%C3%A9nomique

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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... a former hypothesis of heredity in which each unit or cell of the body throws off very minute particles(pangenes) into the blood which circulate freely, undergo division, and are collected in the reproductive cells as the units of hereditary transmission.  2, record 17, English, - pangenesis

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Théorie selon laquelle les gamètes proviendraient de toutes les parties du corps.  1, record 17, French, - pangen%C3%A8se

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Teoría a favor de la cual Darwin explica la herencia y otros fenómenos biológicos.  1, record 17, Spanish, - pang%C3%A9nesis

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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In mendelian heredity, a term applied to characters which override the appearance of other characters determined by genes at other loci.  2, record 18, English, - epistatic

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un gène exerçant un effet inhibiteur sur l'apparition d'un caractère dépendant d'un autre gène.  2, record 18, French, - %C3%A9pistatique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural parthenogenesis has been observed in many lower animals(it is characteristic of the rotifers), especially insects, e. g., the aphid. In many social insects, such as the honeybee and the ant, the unfertilized eggs give rise to the male drones and the fertilized eggs o the female workers and queens.... The phenomenon is rarer among plants(where it is called parthenocarpy) than among animals. Unusual patterns of heredity can occur in parthenogenetic organisms.  1, record 19, English, - natural%20parthenogenesis

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Authors monitored the natural parthenocarpy, i.e. the ratio of seedless (parthenocarpous), empty or embryoless seed containing (stenospermocarpous) fruits on three sites of contrasting ecological conditions for ten years with 87 varieties. Every time (variety and year) 40 to 150 buds were emasculated radically and isolated without having been pollinated.  2, record 19, English, - natural%20parthenogenesis

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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La formation du fruit résulte normalement de la fécondation. Certains fruits se développent sans fécondation par parthénogenèse et donc sans graine. La parthénogenèse peut être naturelle (ananas, clémentines corses, raisin de Corinthe, Sultanine, banane, ...) ou provoquée par des hormones; cela permet d'établir une fructification malgré des conditions climatiques contraires à la pollinisation [...]  1, record 19, French, - parth%C3%A9nogen%C3%A8se%20naturelle

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural parthenogenesis has been observed in many lower animals(it is characteristic of the rotifers), especially insects, e. g., the aphid. In many social insects, such as the honeybee and the ant, the unfertilized eggs give rise to the male drones and the fertilized eggs o the female workers and queens.... The phenomenon is rarer among plants(where it is called parthenocarpy) than among animals. Unusual patterns of heredity can occur in parthenogenetic organisms.  1, record 20, English, - natural%20parthenogenesis

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de reproduction non provoquée par lequel les ovules se développent naturellement et donnent naissance à un nouvel être sans avoir été fécondés.  2, record 20, French, - parth%C3%A9nogen%C3%A8se%20naturelle

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[...] la parthénogenèse est un phénomène fréquent dans la nature; de nombreux organismes utilisent ce mode de reproduction. [...] La parthénogenèse naturelle. Lorsque des femelles sont issues de gamètes non fécondés, on parle de parthénogenèse thélytoque; si seuls des mâles se développent, on dit qu'elle est arrhénotoque; quand une femelle vierge donne à la fois des mâles et des femelles, on qualifie la parthénogenèse de deutérotoque. Chez les insectes, la parthénogenèse présente des aspects encore plus divers: elle est cyclique, par exemple, chez les pucerons, qui passent de la parthénogenèse à la reproduction sexuée. [...] Tous les intermédiaires existent entre la parthénogenèse exclusive et la parthénogenèse occasionnelle. On peut cependant classer ces formes de reproduction en quatre groupes : La parthénogenèse exclusive [...]. La parthénogenèse exclusive ou normale [...]. La parthénogenèse facultative [...]. La parthénogenèse occasionnelle.  1, record 20, French, - parth%C3%A9nogen%C3%A8se%20naturelle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Haida Nation owns these lands and waters by virtue of heredity...  1, record 21, English, - by%20virtue%20of%20heredity

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any persistent abnormal dread or morbid fear of heredity.  2, record 22, English, - patriophobia

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crainte obsédante ou excessive de l'hérédité.  2, record 22, French, - patroiophobie

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fields of activity of the Lab include the heredity of defects in castings, the heredity of solid structures in metals and the heredity between liquid and solid, the structures of liquid metals, the physical properties of liquid metals, the simulation of the liquid structures, the solidification of metals, the modification and refining of metals, the composite materials, and the melting of various metals, cast iron, cast Al, cast Cu and cast steel.  1, record 23, English, - heredity

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conservation de certains caractères d'un alliage après des refusions successives.  1, record 23, French, - h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La compagnie d’assurance demande au notaire différentes preuves du décès : le certificat de décès et la "declaration of heredity".  1, record 24, English, - declaration%20of%20heredity

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish