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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nodal equivalence theory … has been found to be very effective for estimating the high-order heterogeneous solution by solving the corresponding low-order homogenous equation with additional parameters introduced to preserve the reaction rates, average fluxes, and average leakages of higher-order solution. The additional parameters called discontinuity factors(DFs) allow the homogeneous flux to be discontinuous between two adjacent homogenized regions.  2, record 1, English, - discontinuity%20factor

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Continuité du flux homogène : si on souhaite conserver le courant à l’interface de deux mailles adjacentes et la forme de l’opérateur de calcul des courants (Fick-gross), alors il est inévitable qu’il faille relâcher la contrainte de continuité du flux homogène. Le lien entre le flux homogène et le flux hétérogène est introduit sous la forme de facteurs de discontinuité. À la place de la condition de continuité des flux homogènes, on a donc la condition de continuité des flux hétérogènes. Ces facteurs dépendent de la méthode d’évaluation des courants et des sections efficaces; ils permettent de prendre en compte l’homogénéisation de la région et de compenser les approximations numériques de la méthode d’intégration.  1, record 1, French, - %20facteur%20de%20discontinuit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nodal equivalence theory … has been found to be very effective for estimating the high-order heterogeneous solution by solving the corresponding low-order homogenous equation with additional parameters introduced to preserve the reaction rates, average fluxes, and average leakages of higher-order solution. The additional parameters called discontinuity factors(DFs) allow the homogeneous flux to be discontinuous between two adjacent homogenized regions.  1, record 2, English, - nodal%20equivalence%20theory

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe de l’équivalence nodale. Le problème de l’équivalence nodale a été formalisé comme suit : supposant connue une référence neutronique hétérogène (une solution de l’équation de Boltzmann) et supposant défini par ailleurs un maillage homogène, quel traitement faut-il faire subir à l’équation de la diffusion pour que la solution trouvée sur le modèle homogène soit cohérente avec la référence hétérogène? La notion de cohérence est ici fondamentale et reflète les grandeurs que l’on souhaite conserver en passant de la référence au modèle homogène. L’algorithme de résolution de l’équation de la diffusion est supposé se décomposer en deux étapes principales dont l’enchaînement est le suivant. Calcul des flux […] Réévaluation des couplages […]  1, record 2, French, - principe%20de%20l%26rsquo%3B%C3%A9quivalence%20nodale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Defined by the equation :[delta]=D/k_d=nFDcA/I_i where D is the diffusion coefficient, k_d is the heterogeneous diffusion rate constant, F is the Faraday constant, c is the concentration, A is the geometric area of the electrode, I_i is the limiting current and n is the charge number of the cell reaction.  2, record 3, English, - diffusion%20layer%20thickness

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word "delta" must be replaced by the corresponding Greek letter.  3, record 3, English, - diffusion%20layer%20thickness

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Définie par l'équation : [delta] = D/k_d = nFDcA/I_i où D est le coefficient de diffusion, k_d est la constante de vitesse de la diffusion hétérogène, F est la constante de Faraday, c est la concentration, A est la surface géométrique de l'électrode, I_i est le courant limite et n est le nombre de charges dans la réaction.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20couche%20de%20diffusion

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mot «delta» doit être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante.  3, record 3, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20couche%20de%20diffusion

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In oxychlorination, ethylene reacts with dry HCl and either air or pure oxygen in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction to form EDC and water.... While there are many different commercial oxychlorination processes, in each case the reaction is carried out in the vapor phase in either a fixed bed or fluid bed reactor containing a modified Deacon catalyst.  3, record 4, English, - oxychlorination

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction du chlore obtenue en faisant agir un mélange d'oxygène et d'acide chlorhydrique sur un composé chimique.  2, record 4, French, - oxychloration

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A certain class of ceramic and metallic materials can be manufactured by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. Even though by now this process has included reaction systems of the solid-gas and solid-liquid types, the original work was directed towards the reactions investigated where not only the reactants but also the final products formed in the solid phase. These reactions are therefore generally referred to as gasless, solid-solid or condensed phase combustion reactions.  3, record 5, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Condensed phase combustion is a complex phenomenon of theoretical and practical interest, in particular, as a method to synthesize materials. This combustion synthesis process involves a self-sustained combustion wave which propagates through initial reactants converting them into a desired product. In condensed phase combustion the initial reactants as well as final, and possibly intermediate products, remain in the condensed phase throughout the reaction. Though the combustion process occurs in a heterogeneous medium composed of reactive particles, typical models of condensed phase combustion treat the medium as homogeneous.  4, record 5, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

A deflagration analysis of porous energetic materials with two-phase flow and a multiphase sequential reaction mechanism. ... A theoretical analysis for the unconfined deflagration of a porous energetic material is developed for a two-step global reaction mechanism that consists of the condensed-phase combustion of the reactive material to produce gas-phase intermediates, followed by a gas-phase reaction that produces final gas-phase products.  1, record 5, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Combustion is a chemical reaction, it gives off heat and is self-sustaining. It can occur in a condensed-phase (glowing), a gas-phase (flame) or both. Fire results when a combustible material (fuel) in the presence of an oxidizing agent (oxygen) is heated to a critical temperature (ignition temperature).  5, record 5, English, - condensed%2Dphase%20combustion

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Synthèse auto-propagée à haute température. La synthèse auto-propagée est un processus de combustion en phase condensée (en anglais «SHS» - «self-propagating high temperature synthesis») développé pour produire des céramiques et des matériaux refractaires.  1, record 5, French, - combustion%20en%20phase%20condens%C3%A9e

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

état condensé : État de la matière dans lequel les atomes du corps sont très proches les uns des autres. (Les états solide et liquide sont des états condensés).  2, record 5, French, - combustion%20en%20phase%20condens%C3%A9e

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... Bugge... holds that in the arendalites and associated rocks, formed by reaction and diffusion in the solid state, ’there has taken place a homogenization of the heterogeneous rock series, the driving forces being the differences in chemical potentials’.  2, record 6, English, - arendalite

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The following are all useless local or varietal names for charnockites: akafoamite, arendalites ...  3, record 6, English, - arendalite

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] diorite de la série des charnockites avec hypersthène.  2, record 6, French, - arendalite

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il s'agit tout d'abord des «arendalites», roches granulitiques de type charnockite-norite qui [...] entrent dans la catégorie des «migmatites», étant le fruit de la transformation métasomatique «in situ» d'un complexe préexistant de gneiss dont elles renferment des enclaves et auxquels elles passent latéralement.  3, record 6, French, - arendalite

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The limitation of the rate of reaction for a reaction in solution by the rate of mixing by diffusion of solutions of the two reactants.  1, record 7, English, - macroscopic%20diffusion%20control

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It can occur even when the reaction rate constant is several powers of ten less than for an encounter-controlled rate. Analogous(and even more important) effects of the limitation of reaction rates by the speed of mixing are encountered in heterogeneous(solid/liquid, solid/gas, liquid/gas) systems.  1, record 7, English, - macroscopic%20diffusion%20control

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Limitation de la vitesse de réaction d'une réaction en solution par la vitesse de mélange par diffusion de deux solutions contenant chacune l'un des réactifs.  1, record 7, French, - contr%C3%B4le%20par%20diffusion%20macroscopique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Celle-ci peut intervenir même si la constante de vitesse de la réaction est de plusieurs puissances de dix inférieure à une constante de vitesse contrôlée par la fréquence de rencontre. On trouve des effets analogues (et même plus importants) de limitation des vitesses de réaction par la vitesse de mélande dans le cas de système hétérogène (solide/liquide, solide/gaz ou liquide/gaz).  1, record 7, French, - contr%C3%B4le%20par%20diffusion%20macroscopique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A faradaic current that corresponds to the reduction or oxidation of an electroactive substance formed by a prior chemical reaction from another substance that is not electroactive, and that is partially or entirely controlled by the rate of that reaction. The reaction may be heterogeneous, occurring at an electrode-solution interface(surface reaction), or it may be homogeneous, occurring at some distance from the interface(volume reaction).  1, record 8, English, - kinetic%20current

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

C'est un courant faradique qui correspond à la réduction ou à l'oxydation d'une substance électroactive, formée par une réaction chimique antérieure à partir d'une autre substance qui n'est pas électroactive; il est partiellement ou entièrement contrôlé par la vitesse de cette réaction. La réaction chimique peut être hétérogène, se produisant à une interface électrode-solution (réaction de surface) ou elle peut être homogène et se produire à une certaine distance de l'interface (réaction de volume).  1, record 8, French, - courant%20cin%C3%A9tique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Organometallic complex catalysts tend to be highly active, specific, and selective, and may resist poisoning better than heterogeneous systems. The catalytic center may have two metal sites. Organometallic catalysts have a central transition-metal atom or ion bonded to molecules known as ligands which form a polyhedron around the metal. The nature of the metal and ligands critically influences the electronic structure of the complex. The coordination bonding properties of the metal are a key feature of the catalytic complexes. Important reactions of catalyst complexes are ligand exchange, oxidative addition, and the insertion reaction.  1, record 9, English, - organometallic%20catalyst

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When titration is considered for an entire watershed, as may be the case from sustained long-term atmospheric acid inputs, the same buffering processes can occur. However, the reaction is much more heterogeneous in a watershed, and the total quantity and variety of proton acceptor is greater.  1, record 10, English, - proton%20acceptor

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ion hydrogène H, ou proton, est le noyau de l'atome d'hydrogène. Il ne semble pas que le proton puisse exister à l'état libre dans un solvant comme l'eau. Il s'associe en effet à une molécule d'eau, qui joue le rôle de base (accepteur de protons), pour former l'ion hydronium (H₃O+, ou ion hydrogène hydraté (...). L'eau peut jouer aussi le rôle d'acide (donneur de protons) (...)  1, record 10, French, - accepteur%20de%20protons

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish