TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Barley hay... should not be fed to horses because of the barbed beards on the grain. These may cause mouth irritations.  1, record 1, English, - barley%20hay

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rapport feuilles/tiges est très variable d'un fourrage à un autre et il est plus élevé pour le foin d'orge [...]  1, record 1, French, - foin%20d%27orge

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Having high or deep crowns and short roots ...  2, record 2, English, - hypsodont

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Routine dental care is important due to the unique structure and function of horses’ teeth. Horses have a combination of brachydont and hypsodont teeth. The simple(brachydont) teeth are the first premolars(wolf tooth) and canines that have a distinct crown and root, but have no function for the domestic horse. The incisors and molars(cheek teeth) are hypsodont, like the molars of ruminants(cows, goats and sheep etc). This type of tooth has a large body that continues to erupt into the horse's mouth as they are worn down by fibrous feed material. Most of the tooth is below the gum line in younger horses and continues to develop as it enters the mouth.  3, record 2, English, - hypsodont

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une dent à couronne haute, dont la croissance prolongée ou continue compense une usure importante.  2, record 2, French, - hypsodonte

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Long straps attached to the bit and used to guide the horse with the hands.  2, record 3, English, - reins

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rider's hands restrain and guide the horse through the application and relaxation of pressure and tension on the bit in the horse's mouth by means of the reins.  3, record 3, English, - reins

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term generally used in the plural.  4, record 3, English, - reins

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courroies fixées au mors et que l'on tient en main pour diriger le cheval.  3, record 3, French, - r%C3%AAnes

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La bonne tenue des rênes présente une grande importance, car c'est d'elle que dépend la justesse et la précision des actions de la main et [...] la transmission correcte des ordres du cavalier au cheval.  4, record 3, French, - r%C3%AAnes

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En attelage, on utilise souvent le mot guides.  3, record 3, French, - r%C3%AAnes

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  5, record 3, French, - r%C3%AAnes

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chain used with a curb bit.  3, record 4, English, - curb%20chain

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Pelham is a snaffle with a straight mouthpiece; cheekpieces with rings at the lower ends for curb action; and a curb chain, with which pressure may be applied to the lower outside of the horse's mouth.  4, record 4, English, - curb%20chain

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chaînon qui, réunissant les deux branches supérieures du mors de bride ou de pelham et passant sous la barbe, sert de point fixe au levier constitué par ce mors.  3, record 4, French, - gourmette

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cadenilla o hierro curvo que se pone a las caballerías por debajo de la barba, atravesada de una cama a otra del freno, para regirlas y sujetarlas.  3, record 4, Spanish, - barbada

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bit consisting of a single mouthpiece, jointed or not.  1, record 5, English, - snaffle%20bit

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Single reins are attached to a snaffle, a bit that acts on the corner of the horse's mouth and tends to raise its head.  3, record 5, English, - snaffle%20bit

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Mors] avec une embouchure, rigide ou articulée, aux extrémités de laquelle sont fixés des anneaux.  1, record 5, French, - mors%20de%20filet

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le filet est l'embouchure la plus simple, il n'agit que sur la commissure des lèvres.  3, record 5, French, - mors%20de%20filet

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An acute virus disease of horses and mules and sometimes also of cattle or rarely of swine [caused by a rhabdovirus] much resembling foot-and-mouth disease and marked by erosive blisters in and about the mouth and especially on the tongue which may prevent eating.  3, record 6, English, - vesicular%20stomatitis

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] maladie infectieuse provoquée par un virus et caractérisée cliniquement par l'apparition de vésicules dans la bouche et aux pieds.  3, record 6, French, - stomatite%20v%C3%A9siculeuse

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Maladie contagieuse causée par un rhabdovirus, qui atteint les équidés, les bovins et les porcs.  4, record 6, French, - stomatite%20v%C3%A9siculeuse

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad viral de naturaleza epidémica, infectocontagiosa que tiene como huéspedes animales domésticos como bovinos, equinos, ovinos, caprinos, suinos y animales silvestres como (venados, mapaches, ratas y ratones), pudiendo afectar también al hombre. El agente causal es un virus que se clasifica dentro del orden Mononegavirales, familia Rhabdoviridae, género vesiculovirus.  2, record 6, Spanish, - estomatitis%20vesicular

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La sintomatología es similar a la de la fiebre aftosa, [...] pero los caballos son resistentes a la fiebre aftosa y susceptibles a la estomatitis vesicular; Salivación excesiva; Vesículas blanquecinas y los ovinos no son excepcionales; Lesiones de los pezones en el ganado lechero; Las lesiones en los pies y la cojera son frecuentes en los cerdos. Recuperación en aproximadamente 2 semanas.  4, record 6, Spanish, - estomatitis%20vesicular

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Enfermedad de declaración obligatoria.  4, record 6, Spanish, - estomatitis%20vesicular

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La presencia del virus de la estomatitis vesicular (VEV), parece limitada al hemisferio occidental, especialmente a países que bordean el mar Caribe como México, Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela.  5, record 6, Spanish, - estomatitis%20vesicular

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To practice the development of the fixed hand it is first necessary for the rider to establish strong contact with the horse's mouth while his head is in natural position.  1, record 7, English, - fixed%20hand

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Celle du cavalier qui accompagne les mouvements de la tête du cheval, avec une tension constante des rênes.  1, record 7, French, - main%20fixe

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This is when a rider has a rude hand and holds the reins more firmly than he should. It is the worst fault one can have on horseback, for this hardness of hand spoils the horse's mouth, accustoms him to rearing, and puts him in danger of falling over backward.  2, record 8, English, - heavy%20hand

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Main agissant avec force, à contre-temps, sans nuances, dépourvue de tact, incapable de céder.  1, record 8, French, - main%20dure

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Elle provient le plus souvent d'une absence de décontraction, d'un manque d'équilibre et d'une mauvaise attitude générale du cavalier. Elle est nuisible à la santé morale et physique du cheval.  1, record 8, French, - main%20dure

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wooden contrivance fastened on a young horse's back in the position of a saddle, and from which reins are passed to the mouth in such a way that the head is placed in any position desired.  1, record 9, English, - dumb%2Djockey

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sellette munie de tringles auxquelles on adapte les rênes pour le dressage des chevaux.  2, record 9, French, - dum%2Djockey

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Straight-bar snaffles are quite severe, because their design leaves no room for the horse's tongue, and therefore a straight-bar bit will put severe pressure on the horse's(very sensitive) tongue. A single-joint snaffle is quite severe, and depending on the contours of the horse's mouth, may be more or less severe than a straight-bar snaffle.  3, record 10, English, - straight%20bar%20bit

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A spoiled mouth is one which reacts falsely to the indications of the bit, whatever may be its sensibility otherwise. Horses with very tender mouths or mouths rendered excessively callous by bad bitting and indifferent riders usually come under this class. Aside from the effects produced by variations of temperament in the horse, it is the bars that must be examined for an explanation of these varieties of mouth, for it is upon these more or less sensitive gums that the action of all bits fall to a greater or less extent.  2, record 11, English, - spoiled%20mouth

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wrong equipment can quickly spoil a horse's mouth. Often, this may attributed to the use of an inappropriate bit.  3, record 11, English, - spoiled%20mouth

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] stable vice in which the horse arches his neck and sucks air in through his open mouth.  4, record 12, English, - wind%2Dsucking

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crib-biting and wind-sucking are different varieties of the same vice, which are learned chiefly by young horses. In each case the horse swallows air.... A "wind-sucker" achieves the same end [as a crib-biter], but it does not require a resting-place for the teeth. Air is swallowed by firmly closing the mouth, arching the neck, and gulping down air.... Accompanying each swallowing effort there is usually a distinct grunt.  4, record 12, English, - wind%2Dsucking

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the horse latches his teeth on to a solid surface in order to suck air, he is called a cribber, or a crib biter.  5, record 12, English, - wind%2Dsucking

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tic du cheval qui avale de l'air sans prendre appui avec ses dents sur quelque chose.  1, record 12, French, - tic%20a%C3%A9rophagique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tic est un vice au cours duquel le pharynx est dilaté par la contraction des muscles antérieurs du cou. De l'air est avalé avec un bruit caractéristique. [...] La forme de tic la moins fréquente mais la plus difficile à déceler est le «tic en l'air» dans lequel les chevaux effectuent avec leur tête des mouvements de balancement d'avant en arrière ou de projection, mouvements au cours desquels ils contractent les muscles de la partie antérieure du cou, ouvrent la bouche et font entendre le bruit caractéristique.  2, record 12, French, - tic%20a%C3%A9rophagique

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On note que le générique «tic» n'a pas d'équivalent parfait en anglais. On le traduit par les termes spécifiques «wind-sucking» ou «crib-biting» («cribbing») selon le cas.  4, record 12, French, - tic%20a%C3%A9rophagique

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se le llama [...] aerofagia, cuando el caballo se agarra con sus dientes sobre una superficie horizontal, flecta su cabeza y cuello, tira hacia atrás y hace un ronquido como si tragara aire. […] La causa de este vicio es, principalmente, el estrés y el aburrimiento, no obstante hay una predisposición genética. El caballo realiza esto pues se provoca una liberación de endorfinas, las cuales son substancias que provocan sensación de bienestar.  2, record 12, Spanish, - aerofagia

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any disease or lesion with which Fusobacterium necrophorum is associated.  1, record 13, English, - necrobacillosis

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It includes necrotic laryngitis [...], necrotic stomatitis of calves, necrotic rhinitis of pigs [...], foot rot of cattle [...], foot abscess of sheep [...], postparturient necrosis of the vagina and uterus, focal necrosis of the liver of cattle and sheep, quittor of horses [...], and numerous other necrotic lesions in ruminants and, less commonly, in pigs, horses, fowl, and rabbits. F. necrophorum is probably a secondary invader rather than a primary etiologic agent and is usually present as part of a mixed infection. However, its necrotizing exotoxin undoubtedly plays a role in the production of characteristic lesions. It is part of the normal flora of the mouth, intestine, and genital tract of many herbivores and omnivores and it is widespread in the environment.  1, record 13, English, - necrobacillosis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pathologie provoquée par une bactérie : le bacille de la nécrose Spherophorus (ou Fusobacterium) necrophorum, qui agit au niveau de la peau, des muqueuses et même d'autres organes, en y faisant apparaître des lésions et des suppurations.  1, record 13, French, - n%C3%A9crobacillose

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enfermedad [...] producida por una bacteria llamada Fusobacterium necrophorum, está considerada [como] una patología secundaria a otras enfermedades.  1, record 13, Spanish, - necrobacilosis

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] necrobacilosis [se caracteriza por presentar] lesiones [...] en el labio inferior [que con el tiempo] pasan a ser abscesos que contienen un material purulento [con] una cápsula dura, fibrosa, con poca tendencia a romperse y drenar. [Cuando] la enfermedad progresa a la ulceración y a la necrosis en la región de la cara, cabeza y cuello de los tejidos subcutáneos [y] el hígado y los pulmones se ven afectados, el animal muere en unas semanas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - necrobacilosis

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A round bit for a horse.  2, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In many bits, the cannons actually have a slight curve to better fit the bit to the horse's mouth. A mouthpiece may have more than one cannon, depending on how many times it is jointed. The typical jointed snaffle has two cannons, connected by a joint in the center. A bar snaffle has no joint inside the mouth.  3, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The mouthpiece may have pieces (keys, spatula, roller etc.), which are not part of the cannon itself ...  4, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cannons: The more or less straight bars of the mouthpiece.  3, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Bit cannon.  4, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

English-Canadian dictionaries give the spelling "cannon" only.  5, record 14, English, - cannon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Also called cannon bit, canon bit.  2, record 14, English, - cannon

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il peut être rigide et d'une seule pièce, ou encore deux canons peuvent former une embouchure articulée (que l'on appelle aussi parfois canon articulé). L'embouchure peut comporter des pièces (pendentifs etc.) qui ne font pas partie du canon.  2, record 14, French, - canon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il existe plusieurs catégories de mors différenciées par la forme du canon : Le canon rigide ou droit (mors doux) appuie davantage sur la bouche que sur les barres (les barres sont les espaces entre les incisives et les molaires dans la bouche de l'âne ou du mulet); le canon bas ou moyen dit «mors à semi-liberté de langue» dont le canon cintré comprime plus ou moins les barres; le canon haut dit «mors à liberté de langue» dont le canon est tellement cintré qu'il comprime les barres et agit tellement sur elles que la langue ne peut avoir aucune opposition.  3, record 14, French, - canon

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Canon du mors.  2, record 14, French, - canon

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... at rising trot you’ll spend half of your time in a full seat-balanced over your feet, with your legs AND your crotch and seatbones in contact with the horse. You’ll spend the other half of your time in a half-seat, with your crotch and seatbones OUT of the saddle. Rising to the trot means alternating rhythmically between full seat and half-seat(three-point and two-point).... Your half-seat will be easy if your stirrups are the correct length, and impossible if they aren’t-so DO check this before you begin! When you ride in a half-seat, your legs should be relaxed, KNEES BENT, your heels low, your head up with eyes looking forward, and your hands forward holding the mane or a neckstrap(essential to helping you learn to keep your balance without hurting your horse's mouth).  3, record 15, English, - half%20seat

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Western riding, this means rising up out of the saddle with the weight in the stirrups. In English riding, the term may mean lightening the seat by pushing more weight down into the heel and slightly inclining the body forward (but not so far that the rider is in a two-point, or jumping, position), or a position used for the hand-gallop, a speed faster than canter.  4, record 15, English, - half%20seat

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A half-spoon cheek snaffle helps the horse turn by pressing against the outside of the horse's lip. It's similar to the full-cheek. The bit can’t be pulled through the horse's mouth in a full cheek or halfcheek.  2, record 16, English, - half%2Dspoon%20cheek

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Type of bit.  3, record 16, English, - half%2Dspoon%20cheek

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Type de mors.  2, record 16, French, - filet%20demi%2Dspatule

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The part of the bit that goes in the horse's mouth.  1, record 17, English, - mouthpiece

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie du mors qui entre dans la bouche du cheval.  1, record 17, French, - embouchure

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parte del freno que entra en la boca de la caballería.  1, record 17, Spanish, - bocado

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A stable vice in which the horse hooks his teeth onto something solid, such as the door of his stable, and sucks air through his open mouth.  3, record 18, English, - cribbing

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crib-biting and wind-sucking are different varieties of the same vice, which are learned chiefly by young horses. In each case the horse swallows air... A "wind-sucker" achieves the same end [as a crib-biter], but it does not require a resting-place for the teeth. Air is swallowed by firmly closing the mouth, arching the neck, and gulping down air.... Accompanying each swallowing effort there is usually a distinct grunt.  4, record 18, English, - cribbing

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tic du cheval qui avale de l'air en appuyant ses dents sur quelque chose.  2, record 18, French, - tic%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tic est un vice au cours duquel le pharynx est dilaté par la contraction des muscles antérieurs du cou. De l'air est avalé avec un bruit caractéristique. [...] Il y a différentes formes de tic. Dans le tic à l'appui, forme la plus fréquente, l'animal appuie ses dents sur un objet à sa portée, tel que le bord de sa mangeoire, le bas-flanc, la corde du licol, etc. Avec appui des dents, l'animal contracte les muscles de la partie antérieure de l'encolure, ce qui abaisse le larynx et la base de la langue et dilate le pharynx. Dans la plupart des cas, cette ouverture du pharynx est à l'origine du bruit caractéristique. Les chevaux qui tiquent souvent à l'appui présentent une usure anormale des incisives.  3, record 18, French, - tic%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On note que le générique «tic» n'a pas d'équivalent parfait en anglais. On le traduit par les termes spécifiques «wind-sucking» ou «crib-biting» («cribbing») selon le cas.  4, record 18, French, - tic%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Tic aérographique à l'appui.  5, record 18, French, - tic%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crib-biting and wind-sucking are different varieties of the same vice, which are learned chiefly by young horses. In each case the horse swallows air. A ’crib-biter’ effects this by grasping the edge of the manger or some other convenient fixture with the incisor teeth; it then raises the floor of the mouth; the soft palate is forced open; a swallowing movement occurs; and a gulp of air is passed down the gullet into the stomach. A ’wind-sucker’ achieves the same end, but it does not require a resting-place for the teeth.... Some horses which have been crib-biters learn to wind-suck when remedial measures are taken, and there are some wind-suckers which learn to crib-bite.  2, record 19, English, - crib

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

No harm is known to have occurred to livestock who crib CCA treated wood.  1, record 19, English, - crib

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut éviter la propagation par imitation de ce vice dans une écurie en enlevant les chevaux qui tiquent en l'air ou à l'appui, de façon à ce qu'ils ne soient plus en contact avec d'autres animaux.  1, record 19, French, - tiquer%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le tic est un vice au cours duquel le pharynx est dilaté par la contraction des muscles antérieurs du cou. De l'air est avalé avec un bruit caractéristique. [...] Il y a différentes formes de tic. Dans le tic à l'appui, forme la plus fréquente, l'animal appuie ses dents sur un objet à sa portée, tel que le bord de sa mangeoire, le bas-flanc, la corde du licol, etc. Avec appui des dents, l'animal contracte les muscles de la partie antérieure de l'encolure, ce qui abaisse le larynx et la base de la langue et dilate le pharynx. Dans la plupart des cas, cette ouverture du pharynx est à l'origine du bruit caractéristique. Les chevaux qui tiquent souvent à l'appui présentent une usure anormale des incisives.  1, record 19, French, - tiquer%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On note que le générique «tiquer» n'a pas d'équivalent parfait en anglais. On le traduit par les termes spécifiques «wind-suck» ou «crib-bite» («crib») selon le cas.  2, record 19, French, - tiquer%20%C3%A0%20l%27appui

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crib-biting and wind-sucking are different varieties of the same vice, which are learned chiefly by young horses. In each case the horse swallows air.... A ’wind-sucker’ achieves the same end [as the crib-biter], but it does not require a resting-place for the teeth. Air is swallowed by firmly closing the mouth, arching the neck, and gulping down air.... Accompanying each swallowing effort there is usually a distinct grunt. Some horses which have been crib-biters learn to wind-suck when remedial measures are taken, and there are some wind-suckers which learn to crib-bite.  1, record 20, English, - wind%2Dsuck

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut éviter la propagation par imitation de ce vice, dans une écurie en enlevant les chevaux qui tiquent en l'air ou à l'appui de façon à ce qu'ils ne soient plus en contact avec d'autres animaux.  1, record 20, French, - tiquer%20en%20l%27air

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le tic est un vice au cours duquel le pharynx est dilaté par la contraction des muscles antérieurs du cou. De l'air est avalé avec un bruit caractéristique. La forme de tic la moins fréquente mais la plus difficile à déceler est le «tic en l'air» dans lequel les chevaux effectuent avec leur tête des mouvements de balancement d'avant en arrière ou de projection, mouvements au cours desquels ils contractent les muscles de la partie antérieure du cou, ouvrent la bouche et font entendre le bruit caractéristique.  1, record 20, French, - tiquer%20en%20l%27air

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On note que le générique "tiquer" n'a pas d'équivalent parfait en anglais. On le traduit pas les termes spécifiques "wind-suck" ou "crib-bite" ("crib") selon le cas.  2, record 20, French, - tiquer%20en%20l%27air

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish