TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An atom that replaces a hydrogen atom on the parent structure of a molecule.  3, record 1, English, - substituent%20atom

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Atome qui remplace un atome d'hydrogène sur la structure fondamentale d'une molécule.  3, record 1, French, - atome%20substituant

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom on the parent structure of a molecule.  4, record 2, English, - substituent%20group

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe d'atomes qui remplace un atome d'hydrogène sur la structure fondamentale d'une molécule.  2, record 2, French, - groupe%20substituant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polyfluoroalkyl substances are distinguished from perfluoroalkyl substances by not being fully fluorinated. Instead, they have a non-fluorine atom(typically hydrogen or oxygen) attached to at least one, but not all, carbon atoms, while at least two or more of the remaining carbon atoms in the carbon chain tail are fully fluorinated.  3, record 3, English, - polyfluoroalkyl%20substance

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le nom «substance polyfluoroalkylée» [...] est donné aux molécules pour lesquelles les atomes d'hydrogène d'au moins un atome de carbone ont été [remplacés] par des atomes de fluor.  1, record 3, French, - substance%20polyfluoroalkyl%C3%A9e

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An off-white to pale yellow heterocyclic organic compound formed by replacing the hydrogen in position 4 (or 5) of imidazole by a methyl group.  5, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) is a compound used to make certain pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, cleaning and agricultural chemicals, and rubber products. 4-MEI is formed during the production of certain caramel coloring agents used in many food and drink products. It may also be formed during the cooking, roasting, or other processing of some foods and beverages. ... Studies published in 2007 by the [U.S.] federal government’s National Toxicology Program showed that long-term exposure to 4-MEI resulted in increases in lung cancer in male and female mice. These findings were the basis for the addition of 4-MEI to California’s Proposition 65 list of carcinogens.  6, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

2-methylimidazole and 4-methylimidazole are intermediate/starting materials or components in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic and photothermographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, agricultural chemicals, and rubber. These chemicals have been identified as undesirable by-products in several foods and have been detected in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke. The National Cancer Institute nominated 2- and 4-methylimidazole as candidates for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Toxicity studies were carried out in male and female F344/N rats and ...  7, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Concern has arisen about the presence of 4-MEI in caramel color (which is the most-used food and beverage coloring) ... Dark beers and common brands of cola drinks may contain ...  2, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... Since imidazole also exists in tautomeric forms, either of the nitrogen atoms can bear the hydrogen atom, the two nitrogens become indistinguishable and the numbering becomes rather complex for mono-substituted imidazoles. As a consequence of this, 4-methylimidazole is identical with 5-methylimidazole and, depending on the position of the imino hydrogen, such a compound may be designated either 4-or 5-methylimidazole. As only one substance that may be a single tautomer or an equilibrium mixture is known, it would be incorrect to call it eithier 4-or 5-methylimidazole. Such a compound is instead designated as 4(5)-methylimidazole.  8, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

4(5)-methylimidazole; 4(or 5)-methylimidazole; 5-methylimidazole; 5-methyl-1H-imidazole: 4-methylimidazole and 5-methylimidazole are tautomers (structural isomers that are readily interconvertible) and are therefore usually considered to be synonymous (i.e. considered to be the same chemical compound). They have the same molecular formula and CAS Registry Number (CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service).  5, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formulas: C₄H₆N₂ or H₃C-C₃H₃N₂  5, record 4, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé chimique hétérocyclique de couleur blanc cassé à jaune pâle, formé en remplaçant l'hydrogène en position 4 (ou 5) de l'imidazole par un groupe méthyle.  4, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Considéré comme étant probablement cancérigène, on retrouve ce produit lors de la fabrication de colorants caramel présents dans beaucoup d'aliments et de boissons (p. ex. boissons à base de cola, bières brunes) et à la suite du rôtissage d'aliments (p. ex. café et viande).  4, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Il sert à fabriquer des produits pharmaceutiques, des produits pour le nettoyage, des produits utilisés en photographie et en agriculture, des teintures et des pigments, et des produits à base de caoutchouc.  4, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

4(ou 5)-méthylimidazole; 5-méthyl-1H-imidazole; 5-méthylimidazole : Le 4-méthylimidazole et le 5-méthylimidazole sont des tautomères (isomères interconvertibles) et sont donc souvent considérés comme étant le même composé chimique.  4, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 OBS

méthyl-4 iminazole : «Imidazole» s'écrit également «iminazole».  5, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Formules chimiques : C₄H₆N₂ ou H₃C-C₃H₃N₂ ou CH₃-C₃H₃N₂  4, record 4, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance which introduces an alkyl radical into a compound in place of a hydrogen atom.  2, record 5, English, - alkylating%20agent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alkylating agents contain alkyl radicals that attach themselves to the molecules of protein, nucleic acids, and amino acids in cells. Among the alkylating agents are the nitrogen mustards, ... the ethylenimines ... and the alkyl sulfonates ...  3, record 5, English, - alkylating%20agent

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Cancer chemotherapy is an increasingly important aspect of drug treatment. Alkylating agents (that work by impairing cell division) and antimetabolites ... are used cytotoxically to attack malignant cells.  3, record 5, English, - alkylating%20agent

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance synthétique, utilisée dans la chimiothérapie du cancer et présentant 2 ou 3 chaînes de la série alcoyle, qui dénature les nucléoprotéines et provoque une altération du noyau cellulaire et des chromosomes.  5, record 5, French, - alcoylant

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This happens when a tritium atom replaces a hydrogen atom in water(H2O) to form HTO. HTO has the same chemical properties as water and is also odourless and colourless.  1, record 6, English, - tritiated%20water

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: HTO  2, record 6, English, - tritiated%20water

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] résulte du remplacement d'un atome d'hydrogène dans l'eau (H2O) par un atome de tritium. Le HTO possède les mêmes propriétés chimiques que l'eau et il est également inodore et incolore.  1, record 6, French, - eau%20triti%C3%A9e

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : HTO  2, record 6, French, - eau%20triti%C3%A9e

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ubiquinone is a ring-shaped molecule with two oxygen atoms attached to it(...). In the fully oxidized, or quinone form, both oxygen atoms are connected to the ring by double bonds. Attaching a hydrogen atom to one of the oxygen creates the semiquinone form, or QH.. In the fully reduced form, called hydroquinone or QH2, both oxygen have hydrogen atoms attached.  1, record 7, English, - hydroquinone%20form

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'ubiquinone est une molécule cyclique sur laquelle sont fixés deux atomes d'oxygène (...) Dans la forme la plus oxydée, ou forme quinonique, les deux atomes d'oxygène sont reliés au cycle benzénique par des doubles liaisons. Dans la forme semiquinonique ou QH., un atome d'hydrogène est fixé à l'un des oxygènes. A l'état le plus réduit, appelé forme hydroquinonique ou QH2, deux atomes d'hydrogène sont liés aux deux atomes d'oxygène.  1, record 7, French, - forme%20hydroquinonique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ubiquinone is a ring-shaped molecule with two oxygen atoms attached to it(...) In the fully oxidized, or quinone form, both oxygen atoms are connected to the ring by double bonds. Attaching a hydrogen atom to one of the oxygen creates the semiquinone form(...).  1, record 8, English, - semiquinone%20form

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'ubiquinone est une molécule cyclique sur laquelle sont fixés deux atomes d'oxygène (...) Dans la forme la plus oxydée, ou forme quinonique, les deux atomes d'oxygène sont reliés au cycle benzénique par des doubles liaisons. Dans la forme semiquinonique (...), un atome d'hydrogène est fixé à l'un des oxygènes.  1, record 8, French, - forme%20semiquinonique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An aldehyde synthesis process that falls under the general classification of a Fischer-Tropsch reaction but is distinguished by the addition of an olefin feed along with the characteristic carbon monoxide and hydrogen.  1, record 9, English, - hydroformylation

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the oxo process for alcohol manufacture, hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes is the first step. The second step is the hydrogenation of the aldehydes to alcohols. At times the term "oxo process" is used in reference to the hydroformylation step alone. In the hydroformylation step, olefin, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are reacted over a cobalt catalyst to produce an aldehyde which has one more carbon atom than the feed olefin.  1, record 9, English, - hydroformylation

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Synthèse oxo. Une modification du procédé de Fisher-Tropsch, étudié à l'origine pour la synthèse directe des hydrocarbures et, à titres subsidiaires, pour celle de divers produits oxygénés à partir du gaz de synthèse (oxyde de carbone + hydrogène), consiste à faire réagir un hydrocarbure oléfinique avec le mélange oxyde de carbone et hydrogène [...] Cela représente une source importante de production des alcools [...] : ce procédé porte normalement le nom de «synthèse oxo», ou plus correctement, d'«hydroformylation» [...]  2, record 9, French, - hydroformylation

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En fait, il ne faut pas confondre «oxosynthèse» et «hydroformylation», cette dernière n'étant qu'une première étape de l'oxosynthèse.  3, record 9, French, - hydroformylation

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The maximum number of univalent atoms(originally hydrogen or chlorine atoms) that may combine with an atom of the element under consideration, or with a fragment, or for which an atom of this element can be substituted.  5, record 10, English, - valence

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ion exchange materials are insoluble solid granules ... having the property, when placed in contact with a liquid containing ions in solution, of exchanging, valence for valence, some of the ions of which they are composed for other ions existing in the solution, without thereby dissolving or sustaining any structural modification.  6, record 10, English, - valence

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The concept of valence has been interpreted by different models and theories in theoretical organic chemistry: the valence bond configuration mixing model (VBCM); the valence bond theory (VB); the valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR). [Source: "Pure and Applied Chemistry", Vol. 71, 1999, pages 1919-1981).] More work has defined the valence in terms of "non-active valence electrons", "active valence nucleons", "chemically active valence electrons", "chemically active (valence) and inert (core) electrons" and "active valence orbitals".  7, record 10, English, - valence

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre maximal d'atomes univalents (originalement des atomes d'hydrogène ou de chlore) qui peuvent se combiner avec un atome de l'élément considéré, ou avec un fragment ou pour lequel un atome de cet élément peut être substitué.  3, record 10, French, - valence

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alors que le neptunium, comme ses voisins dans la classification périodique des éléments, uranium et plutonium, possède de multiples états de valence relativement stables en milieu nitrique : Np(IV), Np(V), Np(VI), l'américium et le curium se caractérisent, comme les terres rares, par une valence III très stable sinon unique.  4, record 10, French, - valence

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Número representativo de la proporción en que un átomo es susceptible de combinarse con otros átomos; depende en general del número y la disposición de los electrones de la capa electrónica externa del átomo, llamada «capa de valencia» («valence shell»).  4, record 10, Spanish, - valencia

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Janet started from the fact that the series of chemical elements is a continuous sequence, which he represented as a helix traced on the surfaces of four nested cylinders. By various geometrical transformations he derived several striking designs, one of which is his "left-step periodic table, "in which hydrogen and helium are placed above lithium and beryllium. It was only later that he realized that his arrangement concorded perfectly with quantum theory and the electronic structure of the atom.  3, record 13, English, - left%2Dstep%20periodic%20table

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le tableau de Janet, on a deux périodes très courtes de deux éléments, au lieu d’une seule, avec le résultat que toutes les longueurs de période, sans exception, sont répétées.  1, record 13, French, - tableau%20de%20Janet

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"atomic mass unit": An arbitrarily defined unit in terms of which the masses of individual atoms are expressed: the standard is the unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of the carbon atom, having as nucleus the isotope with mass number 12.  7, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 DEF

"atomic mass unit" : For an element, it is the number which specifies how many times heavier one atom of the element is than one atom of hydrogen. The atomic mass unit is the unit of measure of the mass particle(atom, molecule, ion, etc.). The numerical value of the mass of a particle in amu, s is identical with the older atomic weight. The symbol is m_u=1 u and in vaccuum technology the value of this constant is 1. 66056 X 10^-27kg.  8, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nucleus of an atom is made up of neutrons and protons. The total mass of the neutrons and protons along with the electrons gives the mass of the atom. ... Because this value is so small, a new unit of weight, the atomic weight unit (awu), is often used to express the weights of atoms. It is defined as 1/12 the weight of carbon atoms.  2, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Prior to Sept. 8, 1960, natural oxygen, a mixture of isotopes, served as the standard of reference with an assigned atomic weight of 16.0000 exactly.  2, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Historically the term "atomic weight unit" was the chemists’ standard of reference for atomic weight and it was based on the weight of natural oxygen. "Atomic mass unit" was the term preferred by physicists and it was based on the oxygen-16 isotope. (See FREMA, 1960, p. 58 and MHECH, 1983, p. 171).  9, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The term "dalton", which is defined as 1/16th the mass of oxygen-16, is rarely used nowadays in referring to atomic mass unit because oxygen no longer serves as standard of reference.  9, record 15, English, - atomic%20weight%20unit

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En accord avec les recommandations de la Commission des poids atomiques, on appelle poids atomique d'un élément (ou coefficient atomique) le poids moyen relatif des atomes d'un élément en unité de masse atomique, cette unité étant le douzième de la masse de l'isotope 12 [indice]C; cette Commission a recommandé d'utiliser la désignation poids atomique pour les éléments qui sont, pour la plupart d'entre eux à l'état naturel, des mélanges de nuclides et de réserver celle de masse atomique pour les nuclides isolés.  4, record 15, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20masse%20atomique

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'établissement de tables de poids atomiques [...]. [...] J. Stas [...] choisit, en 1850, comme unité de référence la seizième partie du poids atomique de l'oxygène. À partir de 1920, les physiciens prirent comme étalon la masse de l'isotope 16₀, à laquelle ils attribuèrent la valeur 16,000 00 g tandis que les chimistes continuaient à prendre la valeur 16,000 00 pour le poids atomique de l'oxygène naturel [...]. Mais, les deux échelles ne concordaient pas exactement et la valeur numérique du poids atomique était plus petite dans l'échelle chimique [atomic weight unit] que dans l'échelle physique [atomic mass unit], ce qui entraînait des confusions. [...] on décida [...] que l'échelle chimique basée sur la valeur 16,000 00 pour l'oxygène naturel devait être abandonnée. En 1961, les Unions internationales de physique pure et appliquée et de chimie pure et appliquée prirent la décision de recommander une modification de l'échelle des poids atomiques et d'attribuer un poids atomique de 12 à l'isotope du carbone 12 [indice]C, ce qui nécessitait de recalculer les tables de poids atomiques sur la base de 12 [indice]C =12.  4, record 15, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20masse%20atomique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"unidad másica": Dozava parte de la masa del átomo de carbono-12. Sinónimo: "unidad de masa atómica".  3, record 15, Spanish, - unidad%20de%20masa%20at%C3%B3mica

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An organic compound of carbon with oxygen and hydrogen in the proportion to form water.  3, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The generic term carbohydrate includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as well as substances derived from monosaccharides by reduction of the carbonyl group(alditols), by oxidation of one or more terminal groups to carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom, an amino group, thiol group or similar groups. It also includes derivatives of these compounds.  4, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

carbohydrates: Originally, compounds such as aldoses and ketoses, having the stoichiometric formula C_n(H₂O)_n, hence "hydrates of carbon."  4, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

[Carbohydrates] are divided into sugars proper ..., grape-sugars or glucoses ..., and amyloses, comprising starch and woody fibre ...  3, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Carbohydrates are important providers of energy. They are formed in nature through photosynthesis and are the precursors of the hydrocarbon energy stores in fossil fuels.  5, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Compare with glucidic, of which the term carbohydrate, is sometimes used as a synonym when used as a noun modifier (for example, in expressions such as carbohydrate content).  5, record 16, English, - carbohydrate

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dénomination générique qui couvre les monosaccharides, les disaccharides, les oligosaccharides et les polysaccharides [ainsi que] leurs produits de réduction, tels les alditols, leurs produits d'oxydation, tels les acides sacchariques monosaccharides, [et] leurs dérivés obtenus par remplacement d'un ou de plusieurs groupes hydroxy, par exemple, par un atome d'hydrogène, un groupe amino ou un groupe thiol.  5, record 16, French, - hydrate%20de%20carbone

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrates de carbone; carbohydrates. Ces noms tirent leur origine de leur composition chimique : C_n(H₂O)_n; ce sont des molécules organiques, sucres simples (glucosamine, monosaccharides : glucose, fructose, galactose ou dissacharides : saccharose, lactose, maltose, etc.) ou sucres complexes (polysaccharides : amidon, glycogène, cellulose, etc.), composées d'hydrogène, de carbone et d'oxygène.  6, record 16, French, - hydrate%20de%20carbone

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Au début du XXième siècle, les dénominations glucides et hydrates de carbone étaient des synonymes exacts pour indiquer la composition générale des hydrates de carbone, une molécule d'eau liée à un atome de carbone. Avec le temps et la découverte de nouvelles molécules en chimie et en biochimie, la définition des hydrates de carbone formés de carbone, hydrogène et oxygène s'est élargie pour englober des molécules contenant de l'azote, du soufre ou du phosphore. Aujourd'hui, les glucides comprennent aussi ces nouvelles molécules telles que la glucosamine.  6, record 16, French, - hydrate%20de%20carbone

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hydrate de carbone : terme surtout utilisé par les chimistes (en relation avec les substances naturelles).  6, record 16, French, - hydrate%20de%20carbone

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 4 OBS

glucide : terme surtout utilisé en biochimie et en chimie alimentaire (en relation avec la matière vivante).  6, record 16, French, - hydrate%20de%20carbone

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Compuesto de carbono, hidrógeno y oxígeno en el que la proporción de hidrógeno a oxígeno es la misma que en el agua.  4, record 16, Spanish, - hidrato%20de%20carbono

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los carbohidratos, o hidratos de carbono, son compuestos orgánicos constituidos por átomos de carbono, oxígeno e hidrógeno. También se les denomina azúcares, [...] o sacáridos. La fórmula básica para los carbohidratos es CH2O. Podemos distinguir tres clases de carbohidratos: Monosacáridos (sacárido que no puede hidrolizarse para obtener sacáridos más pequeños), disacáridos (dos moléculas de monosacáridos) y polisacáridos (tres o más moléculas de monosacáridos).  2, record 16, Spanish, - hidrato%20de%20carbono

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La experimentación con animales ha puesto de manifiesto que ciertos aminoácidos estimulan la formación de células en la mucosa intestinal y que los hidratos de carbono aportan la energía que aquéllas necesitan.  5, record 16, Spanish, - hidrato%20de%20carbono

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound which appears under the form of a colorless gas with a disagreeable odour, is derived by pyrolysos of acetone or acetic acid by passing its vapour through a tube at 500-600°C, reacts with ammonia to give acetamide, and is used as an acetylating agent, generally reacting with compounds having an active hydrogen atom and as a starting point for making various commercially important products, especially acetic anhydride and acetate esters.  4, record 17, English, - eth%2D1%2Den%2D1%2Done

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

eth-1-en-1-one: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 17, English, - eth%2D1%2Den%2D1%2Done

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₂H₂O or H₂C[double bond]C[double bond]O  4, record 17, English, - eth%2D1%2Den%2D1%2Done

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Désignation du terme le plus simple CH₂=C=O ou C₂H₂O.  3, record 17, French, - %C3%A9th%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Done

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Sens premier du terme :] Nom générique des composés de la forme R₂C+C+O.  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9th%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Done

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

éth-1-én-1-one : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 17, French, - %C3%A9th%2D1%2D%C3%A9n%2D1%2Done

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : C₂H₂O o H₂C=C=O  2, record 17, Spanish, - ceteno

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[An] acid that can form only one hydronium ion per molecule; may be strong or weak [or an] acid that contains one ionizable hydrogen atom per formula unit.  3, record 18, English, - monoacid

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ionization constant of a monoprotic acid, HA, is 2X10_-10.  4, record 18, English, - monoacid

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Acide] ne libérant qu'un seul ion H⁺ par molécule.  2, record 18, French, - monoacide

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any coenzyme that mediates the transfer of hydrogen ions by alternating between an oxidized and a reduced form.  2, record 19, English, - hydrogen%20carrier

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most important carriers of hydrogen in catabolic reactions [are] NADH and NAD+.... The part of the NAD+ molecule known as the nicotinamide ring is able to accept a hydrogen atom together with an additional electron(a hydride ion, H-), forming NADH. In this reduced form, the nicotinamide ring has a reduced stability because it is no longer stabilized by resonance. As a result, the added hydride ion is easily transferred to other molecules. In the biological oxidation of a substrate molecule such as an alcohol, two hydrogen atoms are lost from the substrate. One of these is added as a hydride ion to NAD+, producing NADH, while the other is released into solution as a proton(H+)  3, record 19, English, - hydrogen%20carrier

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute coenzyme pouvant exister sous forme oxydée ou sous forme réduite, qui intervient dans les réactions couplées d'hydrogénation et de déshydrogénation. Les principaux transporteurs d'hydrogène sont le NAD, le NADP et le FAD.  1, record 19, French, - transporteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A paraffinic hydrocarbon group which may be derived from an alkane by dropping one hydrogen from the formula. Examples are methyl, ... ethyl, ... propyl, ... isopropyl ... Such groups are often represented in formulas by the letter R and have the generic formula C_nH_2n+1.  3, record 20, English, - alkyl%20group

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 DEF

alkyl groups : Univalent groups derived from alkanes by removal of a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom-C_nH_2n+.  4, record 20, English, - alkyl%20group

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The [alkyl] groups derived by removal of a hydrogen atom from a terminal carbon atom of unbranched alkanes form a subclass of normal alkyl(_n-alkyl) groups H[ CH₂]n. The groups RCH2, RxCH(R [not equal to] H, and R₃C(R [not equal to] H are primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl groups, respectively.  4, record 20, English, - alkyl%20group

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

n-alkyl: The letter "n" must be italicized.  5, record 20, English, - alkyl%20group

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe monovalent dérivé des alcanes par enlèvement d'un atome d'hydrogène à l'un quelconque des atomes de carbone : -C_nH_2n+1.  4, record 20, French, - groupe%20alkyle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Les groupes alkyles] qui dérivent des alcanes linéaires par enlèvement d'un atome d'hydrogène à un atome de carbone terminal constituent la sous-classe des alkyles normaux (n-alkyles) : H[CH₂]_n^-. Les groupes RCH₂^-, R₂CH-(R[non égal à]H) et R₃C-(R[non égal à]H) sont nommés respectivement groupes alkyles primaires, secondaires et tertiaires.  4, record 20, French, - groupe%20alkyle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec le terme voisin «groupe alkylé» (en anglais : «alkylated group»), qui désigne les groupes qui renferment un groupe alkyle.  5, record 20, French, - groupe%20alkyle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se usa la designación de amina primaria secundaria o terciaria para referirnos al número de grupos alquilos que están unidos al nitrógeno. Así, si la amina tiene un grupo alquilo y dos hidrógenos se le conoce como primaria, si tiene dos alquilos y un hidrógeno, secundaria y con tres grupos alquilo sin hidrógeno, terciaria.  2, record 20, Spanish, - grupo%20alquilo

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Los halogenuros de alquilo tienen la fórmula general RX, donde R representa un grupo alquilo o alquilo sustituido.  3, record 20, Spanish, - grupo%20alquilo

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Bencenos sustituidos por grupos alquilo se nombran de dos formas diferentes dependiendo del tamaño del grupo alquilo.  4, record 20, Spanish, - grupo%20alquilo

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxyls : Group composed of one oxygen atom, one hydrogen atom, and one unpaired electron, HO^·.  2, record 21, English, - hydroxyl

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Hydroxyl radicals (HO^·) are important sinks for ozone; they may be taken up by methane and carbon monoxide with which they also react.  6, record 21, English, - hydroxyl

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hydridooxygen(·): pronounced "hydridooxygen dot"; form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  2, record 21, English, - hydroxyl

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 4 OBS

HO· radical: descriptive name.  2, record 21, English, - hydroxyl

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 5 OBS

free radical: obsolete term; the term "radical" is recommended instead.  2, record 21, English, - hydroxyl

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxyles : Groupe composé d'un atome d'oxygène, d'un atome d'hydrogène et d'un électron non apparié, HO^· ou HO(·).  2, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mis en présence de l'acide chlorhydrique, les radicaux hydroxyles libèrent du chlore atomique qui détruit l'ozone selon la réaction HO· + HC1 = H₂0 + C1.  7, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La présence du radical hydroxyle est fondamentale dans le phénomène d'effet de serre. Ce radical constitue un puits très important pour le monoxyde de carbone et le méthane. Il nettoie littéralement l'atmosphère de plusieurs gaz à effet radiatif. Sa disparition aurait pour conséquence des augmentations marquées de la concentration des gaz à effet de serre.  8, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hydrurooxygène(·) : prononcé «hydrurooxygène point»; forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  2, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 4 OBS

radical HO^· : nom descriptif. Les points sont en exposant HO^· lorsque le nom du radical se termine par «yle», par exemple «hydroxyle». Ce sont des points centrés entre parenthèses après les noms qui n'ont pas le suffixe «-yle». Par exemple : hydruroxygène(·) ou HO(·).  2, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 5 OBS

radical libre : Ce nom est obsolète; il est remplacé par «radical», sans autre mention.  2, record 21, French, - hydroxyle

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The unsaturated organic group H₂C=CH occurring in a large number of reactive compounds which polymerize readily and are thus of great importance in high-polymer chemistry. ... Important vinyl compounds are vinyl acetate, ... vinyl chloride, ... and vinyl ether ....  2, record 22, English, - vinyl

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 DEF

a univalent radical CH₂=CH-derived from ethylene by removal of one hydrogen atom.  3, record 22, English, - vinyl

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₂=CH- or H₂C=CH  4, record 22, English, - vinyl

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Préfixe indiquant la présence du groupement monovalent CH₂=CH-.  2, record 22, French, - vinyle

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Radical monovalent de formule H₂C=CH-.  3, record 22, French, - vinyle

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₂=CH- ou H₂C=CH-  4, record 22, French, - vinyle

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

vinyle : terme accepté par le Comité d'étude de la terminologie des cartes de travail du DC-9.  4, record 22, French, - vinyle

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

hydroxides : Negatively charged group composed of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom.  6, record 23, English, - hydroxide

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxide: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  6, record 23, English, - hydroxide

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: HO^- or OH^-  6, record 23, English, - hydroxide

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

hydroxydes : Groupe, chargé négativement, composé d'un atome d'oxygène et d'un atome d'hydrogène.  1, record 23, French, - hydroxyde

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxyde : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 23, French, - hydroxyde

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

pluriel : des ions hydroxyde.  7, record 23, French, - hydroxyde

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : HO^- ou OH^-  1, record 23, French, - hydroxyde

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: HO^- or OH^-  2, record 23, Spanish, - hidroxili%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The univalent group... the fourth member of the homologous series of paraffin hydrocarbons [which are] derived from butane by dropping one hydrogen atom [and of which] there are four isomeric forms.  2, record 24, English, - butyl

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bu: Symbol often used in chemical formulas for the butyl group.  2, record 24, English, - butyl

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₄H₉  3, record 24, English, - butyl

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Radical monovalent [...] qui existe sous quatre formes isomères, le [butyle proprement dit, le sec-butyle], l'isobutyle [...] et le tertiobutyle [...]  1, record 24, French, - butyle

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

formule chimique : C₄H₉  2, record 24, French, - butyle

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₄H₉  2, record 24, Spanish, - butilo

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An analogue of a purine or pyrimidine base, as aminopurine.  1, record 25, English, - base%20analogue

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the most powerful base analogue mutagens is 5-bromouracil, an analogue of thymine. It is believed to cause mutations because its hydrogen atom at position 1 is not as firmly fixed as the corresponding hydrogen atom in thymine. Sometimes this hydrogen atom is bonded to the oxygen atom attached to carbon atom 6. When this happens, the 5-bromouracil can pair with guanine.  1, record 25, English, - base%20analogue

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This phenomenon can lead to incorrect base pairing.  3, record 25, English, - base%20analogue

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécule de structure voisine de celles des bases azotées de l'A.D.N. ou de l'A.R.N. auxquelles elle peut se substituer. (Certains analogues de base, tel le 5-bromo-uracile, sont des agents mutagènes.)  1, record 25, French, - analogue%20de%20base

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ozone therapy is probably the most powerful of the oxygen therapies as ozone is more active than the other two main methods – hyperbaric oxygen and hydrogen peroxide therapy.... Ozone is an activated, trivalent(three atoms) form of oxygen. Oxygen is O₂ whereas ozone is O₃. Over a period of 20-30 minutes, ozone breaks down into two atoms of regular oxygen-by giving up one atom of singlet oxygen. Medical ozone is made when Medical Grade Oxygen is electrically activated(using an ozone generator) to form ozone. Ozone is germicidal, bactericidal, and fungicidal. Oxygen has these properties too, but less strongly.  1, record 26, English, - ozone%20therapy

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thérapie par l'ozone. L'ozone, O₃ , est une particule instable qui résulte de l'exposition de l'oxygène à une énergie plus élevée. [...] En introduisant directement O₃ dans le système sanguin, ce dernier s'enrichit en oxygène. Ce procédé permet de renforcer toutes les cellules du corps, les organes, les systèmes vitaux et particulièrement le système immunitaire. La réduction du nombre d'organismes parasitaires, après traitement, est considérable. Cette légère ozonification du sang est particulièrement recommandée aux terrains allergiques. Elle peut être appliquée en une séance, une fois par an.  3, record 26, French, - th%C3%A9rapie%20par%20l%27ozone

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To remove a methyl group from (a chemical compound).  3, record 28, English, - desmethylate

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Three active demethylation mechanisms have been proposed.... The first mechanism is direct replacement of the methyl moiety by a hydrogen atom. The human MBD2(Methylated DNA binding protein 2) was reported to demethylate DNA by this mechanism, i. e., the thermodynamically unfavorable breakage of the carbon-carbon bond that links the pyrimidine to its methyl group.  4, record 28, English, - desmethylate

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The enzymes that actively demethylate DNA include 5-methylcytosine glycosylase, which removes the methylated cytosine from DNA, leaving the deoxyribose intact ...  5, record 28, English, - desmethylate

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desmethylate: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 28, English, - desmethylate

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action de provoquer une déméthylation, c'est-à-dire de détacher, de retirer un groupement méthyle (-CH₃) d'un composé, d'une cellule.  3, record 28, French, - desm%C3%A9thyler

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Méthylation et déméthylation des pectines. Des PMT (pectine méthyl transférases) peuvent méthyler des pectines acides au cours du transfert golgien. Des PME (pectine méthyl estérases) secrétées par la voie golgienne peuvent déméthyler les pectines méthylées et les rendre acides dans la paroi elle même.  4, record 28, French, - desm%C3%A9thyler

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La découverte d'activités capables de déméthyler les séquences mCG de l'ADN ouvre un nouveau chapitre des connaissances sur la régulation des gènes et laisse entrevoir d'importantes applications thérapeutiques et biotechnologiques.  5, record 28, French, - desm%C3%A9thyler

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Étude de la capacité d'un certain nombre de bactéries aérobies et anaérobies de N-déméthyler l'imipramine (I) en désipramine (II).  1, record 28, French, - desm%C3%A9thyler

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desméthyler : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 28, French, - desm%C3%A9thyler

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Weak bond, primarily electrostatic, between an electronegative atom within a given molecule and a hydrogen atom attached to another electronegative atom.  3, record 29, English, - hydrogen%20bond

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The intermolecular attractive forces binding antigen to antibody. ... Hydrogen bonding results from the formation of hydrogen bridges between appropriate atoms.  4, record 29, English, - hydrogen%20bond

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de liaison moléculaire où l'hydrogène établit un pont entre deux atomes fortement électronégatifs (azote, oxygène). Dans les macromolécules, elle assure le maintien de la structure. Ce type de liaison se répète un grand nombre de fois tout le long de la molécule concernée.  3, record 29, French, - liaison%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les forces unissant antigène et anticorps sont de quatre types. [...] Les liaisons hydrogène sont des liaisons de faible énergie (0, 5 à 2 kcal/mole) entre atomes électropositifs (hydrogène) et atomes électronégatifs (oxygène ou azote). La stabilité de ces liaisons dépend de la présence de molécules d'eau. Elle augmente quand la température diminue.  4, record 29, French, - liaison%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An ion NH₄₊ or radical NH₄ derived from ammonia by combination with a hydrogen ion or atom and known in compounds(as salts formed by reaction of dry or aqueous ammonia with acids) that resemble in properties the compounds of the alkali metals and known also in organic compounds(as quaternary ammonium compounds) in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms attached to the nitrogen are substituted by organic radicals.  2, record 30, English, - ammonium

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ammonium: term adopted by Environment Canada; used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS).  3, record 30, English, - ammonium

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[En chimie minérale :] Groupement monovalent NH₄, qui fait fonction de métal alcalin dans les sels ammoniacaux.  2, record 30, French, - ammonium

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 DEF

[En chimie organique :] Nom générique des cations organiques de formule générale⁺NH_4-nR_n, résultant du remplacement d'un ou de plusieurs atomes d'hydrogène dans le cation ammonium NH_{4 exposant +} par des radicaux carbonés monovalents.  2, record 30, French, - ammonium

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ammonium : terme retenu par Environnement Canada; utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA).  3, record 30, French, - ammonium

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Catión resultante de la adición de un protón a una molécula de amoníaco.  2, record 30, Spanish, - amonio

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The splitting of a compound into fragments by the addition of water, the hydroxyl group being incorporated in one fragment and the hydrogen atom in the other, such as the enzymatic breakdown of a protein, polysaccharide, or nucleic acid into monomers.  3, record 31, English, - hydrolysis

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The development of an industrial process for hydrolysis of concentrated sucrose solutions, using immobilized invertase, has led to the study of the action and stability of this enzyme in concentrated media. In turn this led to modeling of the action mechanism of invertase and research into the causes of its increased stability in the presence of high levels of substrate.  4, record 31, English, - hydrolysis

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Décomposition d'un corps par fixation d'eau ayant pour conséquence la formation de nouvelles molécules. Ex. : hydrolyse des protéines en acides aminés.  2, record 31, French, - hydrolyse

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les acides catalysent efficacement la rupture des liaisons osidiques, peptidiques et esters. L'hydrolyse chimique est ainsi utilisée industriellement pour produire des acides aminés à partir de protéines (soies de porc, cheveux, plumes...) ou des acides gras à partir de lipides (graisses végétales ou animales). Toutefois, lorsque l'on désire éviter l'apparition de produits secondaires et/ou effectuer une transformation sélective ne concernant qu'un seul type de molécule, la voie enzymatique devient préférable : L'hydrolyse ménagée des protéines en vue de l'obtention d'ingrédients alimentaires est surtout réalisée à l'aide de protéases.  3, record 31, French, - hydrolyse

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reacción química en la que el agua actúa sobre otra sustancia para formar una o más sustancias enteramente nuevas.  2, record 31, Spanish, - hidr%C3%B3lisis

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of a group of compounds having the characteristic formula R(N₃) _x, [in which] R may be almost any metal atom, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, the ammonium radical, a complex..., an organic radical, and a variety of other groups or radicals.  2, record 32, English, - azide

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 DEF

azides: 1. Compounds bearing the group N₃, viz.- N=N₊=N_-; usually attached to carbon, e.g. PhN₃ phenyl azide or azidobenzene.  3, record 32, English, - azide

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique des composés R-CO-N₃, dérivés de l'acide azothydrique.  2, record 32, French, - azide

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Composé portant le groupe -N₃, -N=N₊=N_-, habituellement lié au carbone. Par exemple : C₆H₅N₃ phénylazide ou azidobenzène.  3, record 32, French, - azide

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Azides comprise a group of chemicals of characteristic formula R(N₃) _x. R may be almost any metal atom, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom... and variety of other groups or radicals.... All the heavy metal azides... and most if not all of the light metal azides... are explosive.... All metal azides are characterized by thermal instability...  3, record 33, English, - metallic%20azide

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The most important commercial metal azide is lead azide, used extensively as "the primary explosives" in commercial and military detonators.  3, record 33, English, - metallic%20azide

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

azoture : Sel de l'acide hydrazoïque HN₃. Par exemple : NaN₃ azoture de sodium.  3, record 33, French, - azoture%20m%C3%A9tallique

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les azotures des métaux lourds, tels que le plomb, le mercure, l'argent sont des explosifs sensibles au choc et à la chaleur.  4, record 33, French, - azoture%20m%C3%A9tallique

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans les dénominations de familles de composés, l'adjectif anglais «metallic» ou le terme anglais «metal» employé adjectivement se traduisent en français par «métallique» de préférence à «de métal». P. ex. : acétylures métalliques, azides métalliques, azotures métalliques, carbonoperoxoates métalliques, chlorures métalliques, cyanures métalliques, hydroxydes métalliques, hydrures métalliques, nitrates métalliques, sels métalliques, stéarates métalliques et sulfures métalliques (tournures plus naturelles que celles formées avec «de métal»). En revanche, lorsqu'il est nécessaire de préciser la nature du métal (métaux alcalins, métaux alcalino-terreux, métaux de transition, métaux des terres rares, métaux lourds, etc.), il est préférable, pour éviter toute ambiguïté, d'utiliser la locution «de métal». P. ex. : peroxydes de métaux de transition (et non «peroxydes métalliques de transition»), peroxydes de métaux alcalins (et non «peroxydes métalliques alcalins»).  1, record 33, French, - azoture%20m%C3%A9tallique

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the existence of two or more chemical compounds that are capable of facile interconversion, in many cases merely exchanging a hydrogen atom between two other atoms, to either of which it forms a covalent bond. Unlike other classes of isomers, tautomeric compounds exist in mobile equilibrium with each other, so that attempts to prepare the separate substances usually result in the formation of a mixture that shows all the chemical and physical properties to be expected on the basis of the structures of the components.  2, record 34, English, - tautomerism

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cas particulier de transposition intramoléculaire, résultant de réarrangements rapides et réversibles (isomérie dynamique). Plus précisément, on appelle ainsi la transformation d'un corps chimique en un isomère différent du premier par l'emplacement d'un atome et par la disposition des liaisons, cette transformation aboutissant à un équilibre.  3, record 34, French, - tautom%C3%A9rie

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le sens du terme tautomérie n'est pas exactement le même pour tous les chimistes. Les uns l'emploient comme synonyme de desmotropie, les autres dans un sens plus général (...)  2, record 34, French, - tautom%C3%A9rie

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Isomería originada por el cambio de posición de uno o más átomos en una molécula, con modificación simultánea de la distribución electrónica.  3, record 34, Spanish, - tautomer%C3%ADa

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The univalent radical SiH [index 3] derived from monosilane by removal of one hydrogen atom.  2, record 35, English, - silyl

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Radical monovalent SiH₃  2, record 35, French, - silyle

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

K. Wade noted a relationship between the number of bonding electron pairs and the stoichiometry of boron hydride structures, which matched R.E. Williams’ classification of the boranes into three main structural categories: Those clusters in which boron atoms occupy n vertices of an n-cornered closed polyhedron = closo-boranes (B_nH_n^2-). Those whereupon boron atoms occupy n vertices of an (n+1)-cornered closed polyhedron = nido-boranes (B_nH_n+4). And those clusters in which boron atoms occupy n vertices of an (n+2)-cornered closed polyhedron = arachno-boranes (B_nH_n+6).  2, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Varied conditions yield a multitude of polyhedral boranes. ... Structures: - Closo-boranes (B_nH_n^2-): (Greek "closo" = cage): Complete polyhedron. - Nido-boranes (B_nH_n^4-: (Latin "nidus" = nest): Structures lack one vertex. - Arachno-boranes (B_nH_n^6-: "Spiderweb" structures lacking two vertices. - Hypho-boranes (B_nH_n^8-): "Net" structures lacking three vertices. - Conjuncto-boranes: "Joined subunit" structures, in which 2 or more of the above type are linked through a B-B or B-H-B bonds, or by a B atom.  3, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

arachno-: An affix used in names to designate a boron structure intermediate between nido- and hypho-.  4, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

boranes: The molecular hybrides of boron, e.g. B₅H₉ pentaborane(9).  4, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 OBS

For example : the compound arachno-tetraborane(10) is an arachno-borane composed of 4 boron atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms; formally it may be derived from nido-pentaborane(9) by the substraction of a boron atom.  5, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 4 OBS

An arachno-borane has a net-like structure 2).  5, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 5 OBS

arachno-borane: The affix "arachno" must be italicized; form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  5, record 36, English, - arachno%2Dborane

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le mot de borane désigne des hydrures de bore, ainsi que des composés organiques de formule générale BH₃R~ résultant de la substitution d'un ou de plusieurs atomes d'hydrogène du borane le plus simple BH. [...] Le bore, élément très léger, se distingue par une grande aptitude à former des dérivés hydrogénés de structures très variées : les atomes de bore peuvent en effet former des assemblages triangulaires (closoboranes), des chaînes ayant l'aspect d'un nid (nidoboranes) ou d'une toile d'araignée (arachnoboranes), et des dimères que l'on nomme conjonctoboranes.  3, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

arachno- : Affixe utilisé en nomenclature pour désigner une structure du bore qui, du point de vue de son ouverture, est intermédiaire entre nido- et hypho-.  4, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

borane : Hydrure moléculaire du bore. Par exemple : B₅H₉ pentaborane(9).  4, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Par exemple : l'arachno-tétraborane(10) est un arachno-borane composé de 4 atomes de bore et 10 atomes d'hydrogène; on peut formellement le considérer comme un dérivé du nidopentaborane(9) formé par soustraction d'un atome de bore.  1, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Un arachno-borane a une structure en toile d'araignée 2).  1, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 5 OBS

arachno-borane : L'affixe «arachno» s'écrit en italique; forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 36, French, - arachno%2Dborane

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Group composed of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom and having one monovalent free valence.  4, record 37, English, - hydroxy%20group

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydroxy group: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  4, record 37, English, - hydroxy%20group

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe composé d'un atome d'oxygène et d'un atome d'hydrogène, qui comporte une valence libre monovalente.  1, record 37, French, - groupe%20hydroxy

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

groupe hydroxy : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 37, French, - groupe%20hydroxy

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

groupe -OH : nom descriptif.  1, record 37, French, - groupe%20hydroxy

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An affix used in names to designate a boron structure intermediate between nido- and hypho-.  2, record 38, English, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example : the compound arachno-tetraborane(10) is an arachno-borane composed of 4 boron atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms; formally it may be derived from nido-pentaborane(9) by the substraction of a boron atom.  3, record 38, English, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

An arachno-borane has a net-like structure 2).  3, record 38, English, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 3 OBS

arachno-: must be italicized; form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  3, record 38, English, - arachno%2D

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Affixe utilisé en nomenclature pour désigner une structure du bore qui, du point de vue de son ouverture, est intermédiaire entre nido- et hypho-.  2, record 38, French, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le mot de borane désigne des hydrures de bore, ainsi que des composés organiques de formule générale BH₃R~ résultant de la substitution d'un ou de plusieurs atomes d'hydrogène du borane le plus simple BH. [...] Le bore, élément très léger, se distingue par une grande aptitude à former des dérivés hydrogénés de structures très variées : les atomes de bore peuvent en effet former des assemblages triangulaires (closoboranes), des chaînes ayant l'aspect d'un nid (nidoboranes) ou d'une toile d'araignée (arachnoboranes), et des dimères que l'on nomme conjonctoboranes.  3, record 38, French, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple : l'arachno-tétraborane(10) est un arachno-borane composé de 4 atomes de bore et 10 atomes d'hydrogène; on peut formellement le considérer comme un dérivé du nido-pentaborane(9) formé par soustraction d'un atome de bore.  4, record 38, French, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Un arachno-borane a une structure en toile d'araignée 2).  4, record 38, French, - arachno%2D

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 3 OBS

arachno- : s'écrit en italique; forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  4, record 38, French, - arachno%2D

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In many cases it is assumed that the mobile hydrogen atom is attached neither to the carbon nor to the oxygen atom but remains as a bridge between them and loosely bound to them in a special manner(hydrogen bridge).  2, record 39, English, - hydrogen%20bridge

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hydrogen bridges are possible at rather longer range than Van Der Vaals forces.  3, record 39, English, - hydrogen%20bridge

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type de liaison intermoléculaire très faible s'effectuant entre un atome d'hydrogène d'une molécule et un hétéroatome d'une autre molécule pour former les associations moléculaires.  2, record 39, French, - pont%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] en établissant entre elles des liaisons plus stables que celles dues aux forces de Van der Waals : ces liaisons sont désignées sous le nom de liaisons hydrogènes.  3, record 39, French, - pont%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Containing the univalent radical-IO consisting of one atom each of iodine and oxygen, esp. replacing hydrogen.  3, record 40, English, - iodosyl%2D

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compounds containing the group -IO or -IO₂, are named by adding the prefix "iodosyl-" (replacing "iodoso-") or "iodyl-" (replacing "iodoxy-"), respectively, to the name of the parent compound.  4, record 40, English, - iodosyl%2D

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Iodosylbenzoic acid C₆H₄(IO)COOH  5, record 40, English, - iodosyl%2D

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

iodosyl-: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  6, record 40, English, - iodosyl%2D