TERMIUM Plus^®

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Electro-fuels are synthetic fuels that replace gasoline, diesel, methanol, ethanol, and jet fuel as transportation fuels. They are made from molecular hydrogen created by electrolysis(hence the prefix, "electro") and carbon dioxide from carbon capture or synthetic direct air capture.  3, record 1, English, - electrofuel

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Carburant de synthèse qui est produit à partir d'hydrogène obtenu par électrolyse de l'eau, combiné à du carbone ou à de l'azote, et qui est substituable aux carburants d'origine fossile dans les moteurs à combustion interne.  1, record 1, French, - %C3%A9lectrocarburant

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électrocarburant : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 6 juin 2025.  2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9lectrocarburant

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Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been developed for removal of contaminants that are resistant to more typical chemical oxidation treatment processes. They include the use of appropriate combinations of ultraviolet(UV) light, chemical oxidants and catalysts(e. g., ozone, hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide) to generate highly reactive radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, which are strong oxidants and react rapidly and non-selectively with organic contaminants.  2, record 2, English, - advanced%20oxidation%20process

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Des processus d'oxydation avancée (AOP) ont été élaborés pour l'élimination de contaminants qui résistent à des procédés de traitement par oxydation chimique plus typiques. Ils comprennent l'utilisation de combinaisons pertinentes de rayons ultraviolets (UV), d'oxydants chimiques et de catalyseurs (p. ex. ozone, peroxyde d'hydrogène, dioxyde de titane) pour produire des radicaux hautement réactifs, comme des radicaux hydroxyles, qui sont des oxydants puissants qui réagissent rapidement et de façon non sélective avec les contaminants organiques.  2, record 2, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20d%27oxydation%20avanc%C3%A9e

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Clean ammonia, which is produced by reacting clean hydrogen with nitrogen and capturing and sequestering the resulting carbon dioxide(CO₂), is gaining momentum.  1, record 3, English, - clean%20ammonia

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Se espera que el hidrógeno limpio y su derivado, el amoníaco limpio, se conviertan en productos vitales durante la transición energética [...].  1, record 3, Spanish, - amon%C3%ADaco%20limpio

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Steam reformers are systems that produce synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrogen(H2). In this process, light hydrocarbons such as natural gas are separated-using hot water vapor and a catalyst-into CO and H2. In a subsequent step, the CO is then converted into carbon dioxide(CO2) using steam, generating additional quantities of hydrogen. The gas mixture is then cleaned and the CO2 and other unwanted constituents removed.  2, record 4, English, - steam%20reformer

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Installation dans laquelle on procède au vaporeformage.  3, record 4, French, - reformeur%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

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reformeur à vapeur; vaporeformeur : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 30 janvier 2021.  4, record 4, French, - reformeur%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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It is true that most archaeans don’t look that different from bacteria under the microscope, and that the extreme conditions under which many species live has made them difficult to culture, so their unique place among living organisms long went unrecognized. However, biochemically and genetically, they are as different from bacteria as you are. Although many books and articles still refer to them as "Archaebacteria", that term has been abandoned because they aren’t bacteria -- they’re Archaea.  3, record 5, English, - archaeon

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[Archaebacteria] ingest carbon dioxide and hydrogen and emit methane, thriving in a warm, oxygen-free environment.  4, record 5, English, - archaeon

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archaeon; archaebacterium: The plural form of these designations are "archaea" and "archaebacteria."  5, record 5, English, - archaeon

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Archaebactérie ou archée : c'est un organisme à structure procaryote, donc une cellule sans noyau. Très répandue sur la planète, on la trouve aussi bien dans les mers froides que dans les intestins, les lacs salés et les sources d'eaux chaudes. Bien qu'elle ressemble à une bactérie, sur le plan évolutif, une archaebactérie est aussi éloignée de la bactérie que d'un eucaryote.  4, record 5, French, - arch%C3%A9e

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Très vite, il est devenu évident que les archaebactéries ressemblent plus aux eucaryotes qu'aux bactéries au niveau moléculaire, ce qui a justifié le remplacement du terme archaebactérie par celui d'archée en 1990.  5, record 5, French, - arch%C3%A9e

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Todas la archibacterias prefieren ambientes cálidos. Algunas aguantan temperaturas de hasta 120 grados Celsius.  1, record 5, Spanish, - archibacteria

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This type of fuel cell [Direct Methanol Fuel Cell] is still in the design stages because of the problems of finding a good electrocatalyst to both, transform methanol into carbon dioxide and hydrogen efficiently and to reduce oxygen in the presence of methanol should any transfer through the electrolyte which is in itself a problem.  2, record 6, English, - electrocatalyst

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L'hydrogène (le combustible) est introduit sur l'anode poreuse et, sous l'influence de l'électrocatalyseur, se dissocie pour former des électrons libres et des ions d'hydrogène chargés positivement (cations).  2, record 6, French, - %C3%A9lectrocatalyseur

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Pour réduire cette polarisation d'activation à ce niveau, on met en œuvre des «catalyseurs» (ou «électrocatalyseurs») spécifiques. Ils ont pour rôle de faciliter les échanges électroniques lorsque ceux-ci constituent l'étape lente du processus.  3, record 6, French, - %C3%A9lectrocatalyseur

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A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide...  6, record 7, English, - shift%20conversion

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Conversion [...] Procédé de conversion, traitement au rouge de l'oxyde de carbone CO par un excès de vapeur d'eau au contact d'un catalyseur [...] pour la transformer en hydrogène et gaz carbonique.  1, record 7, French, - conversion

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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The amount of air theoretically needed for combustion can be calculated if the fuel analysis is known and the carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are assumed to burn completely to carbon dioxide and water. This amount is called "theoretical air".  2, record 8, English, - theoretical%20air

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L'excès d'air est la différence entre la quantité d'air réellement délivrée à l'unité de masse du combustible et le pouvoir combustivore (ou air théorique) de ce même combustible.  1, record 8, French, - air%20th%C3%A9orique

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The sum of free carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide combined in the form of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates in water.  1, record 9, English, - total%20carbon%20dioxide

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total carbon dioxide: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 9, English, - total%20carbon%20dioxide

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Somme du dioxyde de carbone libre et du dioxyde de carbone combiné sous la forme de carbonates et d'hydrogénocarbonates dans l'eau.  1, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20carbone%20total

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dioxyde de carbone total : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20carbone%20total

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Suma del bióxido de carbono libre y del bióxido de carbono combinado en forma de carbonatos y bicarbonatos en el agua.  1, record 9, Spanish, - bi%C3%B3xido%20de%20carbono%20total

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In the Peachy process rubber is vulcanised by successive treatments with hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide, the sulphur liberated by the interaction of two gases effecting the vulcanisation.  1, record 10, English, - Peachy%20process

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Le soufre naissant, mis en œuvre par le procédé Peachy, dans lequel on sature tour à tour le caoutchouc d'hydrogène sulfuré et de gaz sulfureux; le sélénium et le tellure.  1, record 10, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Peachy

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A chemical agent capable of destroying partly or completely the natural colouring matter of textile fibers, yarns, or cloth, and leaving them white or considerably lighter in colour.  3, record 11, English, - bleaching%20agent

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Examples are oxidizing agents such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite, permanganates, sodium chlorites or hydrogen peroxide and reducing agents such as sulphur dioxide or sodium bisulphite.  3, record 11, English, - bleaching%20agent

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Oxydant ou réducteur utilisé pour effacer la couleur.  2, record 11, French, - agent%20de%20blanchiment

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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In conventional reforming, methanol is produced in a two-stage process by reacting a synthesis gas containing hydrogen(H₂), carbon monoxide(CO), and carbon dioxide(CO₂) over a copper/zinc oxide/alumina catalyst, then separating the product from water and other by-products.  1, record 12, English, - conventional%20reforming

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Le reformage classique est un procédé à deux étapes qui consiste à faire réagir un gaz de synthèse contenant de l’hydrogène (H₂), du monoxyde de carbone (CO) et du dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) avec un catalyseur de cuivre, d’oxyde de zinc ou d’alumine, puis de séparer le produit de l’eau et d’autres sous-produits.  1, record 12, French, - reformage%20classique

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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The release of sulphur into the air is a result of natural processes(organic matter decomposed into hydrogen sulphide, H₂S) and human or anthropogenic activity(sulphur dioxide released by burning coal and oil)... It shows that the human(anthropogenic) emission is only a portion of the global emissions.  2, record 13, English, - global%20emission

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Includes both manmade and natural sources.  3, record 13, English, - global%20emission

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global emission: term usually used in the plural.  4, record 13, English, - global%20emission

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émissions globales : Émissions anthropiques et naturelles considérées dans leur ensemble.  3, record 13, French, - %C3%A9mission%20globale

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Les émissions d'origine anthropiques correspondent à 90 % des émissions en Europe [...], à 60 % des émissions globales.  4, record 13, French, - %C3%A9mission%20globale

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émission globale; émission mondiale : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  5, record 13, French, - %C3%A9mission%20globale

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emisión global: término utilizado generalmente en plural.  2, record 13, Spanish, - emisi%C3%B3n%20global

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A covered arc welding electrode that provides a low hydrogen atmosphere.  3, record 14, English, - low%20hydrogen%20electrode

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For welding mild steel, covered electrodes are made in a number of types, which have been classified by the American Welding Society... Class E-6016 electrodes are the low-hydrogen class. The calcium carbonate in the covering evolves carbn dioxide during welding. The welding is nearly free from hydrogen, and the weld therefor is free from defects due to hydrogen.  2, record 14, English, - low%20hydrogen%20electrode

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low-hydrogen electrode: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 14, English, - low%20hydrogen%20electrode

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Électrode enrobée, généralement du type «basique» qui grâce à la faible teneur en eau de son enrobage, dépose un métal dont la teneur en hydrogène diffusible est faible ou très faible. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR.]  3, record 14, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20bas%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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électrode à bas hydrogène : terme normalisé par l'Association française de normalisation (AFNOR).  4, record 14, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20bas%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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électrode à bas hydrogène; électrode basique : termes uniformisés par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  5, record 14, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20%C3%A0%20bas%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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[A] fuel reforming reaction where the fuel is partially oxidized to carbon monoxide and hydrogen rather than fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.  4, record 15, English, - partial%20oxidation

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In chemistry, a partial oxidation (POX) reaction occurs when a substoichiometric fuel-air mixture is partially combusted in a reformer, creating a hydrogen-rich syngas, which can then be put to further use, for example in a fuel cell. A distinction is made between thermal partial oxidation (TPOX) and catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX).  3, record 15, English, - partial%20oxidation

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Partial oxidation is a technically mature process in which natural gas or a heavy hydrocarbon (heating oil) is mixed in an exothermic process with oxygen.  3, record 15, English, - partial%20oxidation

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Réaction chimique qui survient lorsqu'un mélange stochiométrique de fioul et d'air est partiellement brûlé dans un reformeur, ce qui crée un syngas riche en hydrogène.  2, record 15, French, - oxydation%20partielle

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L'oxydation partielle consiste en une réaction entre un carburant (gaz naturel, hydrocarbures légers, voire le charbon) avec l'oxygène, suivie ici encore d'une purification du gaz en raison du monoxyde de carbone CO. Elle peut être réalisée avec des hydrocarbures plus lourds que pour le vaporeformage; en revanche, comme pour le vaporeformage, le carburant doit aussi être purifié : il doit d'abord être débarrassé du soufre - ce qui peut être fait avant ou après la première réaction d'oxydation, puis du CO₂ et du CO. Ce procédé est arrivé à maturité.  3, record 15, French, - oxydation%20partielle

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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gas hydrate : A special form of solid clathrate compound in which crystal lattice cages or chambers, consisting of host molecules, enclose guest molecules.... The host molecules are water, and the guest molecules may be a variety of gases, including argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, ethane, halogens and other small molecules.  2, record 16, English, - host%20molecule

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As opposed to "guest molecule."  3, record 16, English, - host%20molecule

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Entité moléculaire dont la structure présente des cavités capables d'inclure des molécules avec lesquelles elle peut former des complexes.  2, record 16, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20h%C3%B4te

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Un complexe d'inclusion est une association moléculaire entre une ou plusieurs molécules dont l'une est l'hôte (le récepteur) et l'autre l'invitée (le substrat). La molécule «invitée» est alors encapsulée de façon totale ou partielle dans le récepteur. Les liens entre la molécule hôte et la molécule invitée sont des interactions faibles, ce qui permet une dissociation aisée et douce.  3, record 16, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20h%C3%B4te

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molécule hôte : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 18 avril 2001.  4, record 16, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20h%C3%B4te

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Natural gas that has a relatively low concentration of sulphur compounds, such ashydrogen sulphide.  3, record 17, English, - sweet%20gas

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If hydrogen sulphide or carbon dioxide are present, it is called sour gas, but if these are absent, it is called sweet gas.  4, record 17, English, - sweet%20gas

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Gaz naturel qui a une concentration relativement faible en composés du soufre,tels le sulfure d'hydrogène.  3, record 17, French, - gaz%20non%20corrosif

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Selon que l'hydrogène sulfuré ou le bioxyde de carbone sont présents ou non, le gaz est corrosif ou non corrosif.  4, record 17, French, - gaz%20non%20corrosif

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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clathrates: Cage structures formed by H₂O ice having 8 cavities for each 46 water molecules that can trap large "guest" molecules of nonpolar volatile gases.  2, record 18, English, - guest%20molecule

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gas hydrate : A special form of solid clathrate compound in which crystal lattice cages or chambers, consisting of host molecules, enclose guest molecules.... Gas hydrates are formed under special temperature and pressure conditions. The host molecules are water, and the guest molecules may be a variety of gases, including argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, ethane, halogens and other small molecules.  3, record 18, English, - guest%20molecule

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As opposed to "host molecule."  4, record 18, English, - guest%20molecule

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Molécule logée dans les cavités d'une autre molécule dite «molécule hôte».  2, record 18, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20invit%C3%A9e

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Complexe d'inclusion. Un complexe d'inclusion est une association moléculaire entre une ou plusieurs molécules dont l'une est l'hôte (le récepteur) et l'autre l'invitée (le substrat). La molécule «invitée» est alors encapsulée de façon totale ou partielle dans le récepteur. Les liens entre la molécule hôte et la molécule invitée sont des interactions faibles, ce qui permet une dissociation aisée et douce.  3, record 18, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20invit%C3%A9e

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molécule incluse : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 18 avril 2001.  4, record 18, French, - mol%C3%A9cule%20invit%C3%A9e

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water or an aqueous solution. This process is generally represented by the following reaction, where water and gaseous carbon dioxide react to form a dilute solution of carbonic acid. [H2O + CO2=H2CO3] This process yields the "frizz", to carbonated water, the head to beer, and the cork pop and bubbles to champagne and sparkling wine. Carbonation is used to improve both the taste and "texture" of the carbonated consumable. Carbonation is sometimes used for reasons other than consumption, to lower the pH(raise the hydrogen ion concentration) of a water solution...  2, record 20, English, - carbonation

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Les boissons carbonatées exigent du dioxyde de carbone (CO2 gazeux) pour les rendre pétillantes. La carbonatation est une réaction qui a lieu lorsque le dioxyde de carbone est ajouté à un liquide à base d'eau. Le dioxide de carbone réagit avec les molécules d'eau pour en former un acide carbonique selon la réaction suivante : CO2+H2O = H2OCO3 (acide carbonique). C'est cet acide qui picote la langue quand vous buvez une boisson carbonatée.  1, record 20, French, - carbonatation

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The Index of the Quality of the Air(IQUA) is a service provided by the New Brunswick Department of the Environment and is updated three times per day, seven days a week. IQUA measures the following compounds, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and hydrogen sulphide, based on data collected from stations in southern New Brunswick.  1, record 21, English, - Index%20of%20the%20Quality%20of%20the%20Air

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L'indice de la qualité de l'air (IQUA) est un service offert par le ministère de l'Environnement. Des mises à jour sont effectuées trois fois par jour, sept jours par semaine. L'indice de la qualité de l'air mesure les composés suivants : anhydride sulfureux, le dioxyde d'azote, l'oxyde de carbone, l'ozone, et l'hydrogène sulfuré, à partir des données recueillies par les stations du Sud du Nouveau-Brunswick.  1, record 21, French, - L%27indice%20de%20la%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27air

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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Volatile matter, released during a volcanic eruption, that was previously dissolved in the magma.  1, record 22, English, - volcanic%20gas

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Water vapor forms about 90% of the gases; other constituents include carbon gases, especially carbon dioxide, sulfur gases, especially sulfur dioxide at high temperatures and hydrogen sulfide at low temperatures; hydrogen chloride; nitrogen as a free element, and others.  1, record 22, English, - volcanic%20gas

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Il est vrai que la quasi-totalité des analyses de gaz volcaniques donnent de 80 à 99,9 p. 100 d'eau, constituant essentiel, par conséquent, de l'exhalaison gazeuse. [...] Par ailleurs, c'est de l'explosivité mécanique (surpression et détente) ou - beaucoup plus rarement - chimique des gaz que dépendent les modalités de l'éruption. Il ne faut pas oublier enfin que ce sont encore des gaz, mais non plus des gaz magmatiques, qui parfois interviennent de façon déterminante dans le déroulement des phénomènes volcaniques.  3, record 22, French, - gaz%20volcanique

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The composition of the atmosphere -its gases and particles- plays a critical role in connecting human welfare with global and regional changes because the atmosphere links all of the principal components of the Earth system.  4, record 23, English, - composition%20of%20the%20atmosphere

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Present Composition of the Atmosphere. The atmosphere is comprised of gases which are considered to be permanent(gases which remain essentially constant by percent) and gases considered to be variable(gases which have changing concentrations over a finite period of time). PERMANENT gases in the atmosphere by percent are : Nitrogen=78. 1%; Oxygen=20. 9%. Note that these two permanent gases together comprise 99% of the atmosphere. Other permanent gases : Argon=0. 9%; Neon=0. 002%; Helium=0. 0005%; Krypton=0. 0001%; Hydrogen=0. 00005%. VARIABLE gases in the atmosphere and typical percentage values are : Water vapor=0 to 4%; Carbon Dioxide=0. 035%; Methane=0. 0002%; Ozone=0. 000004%.  5, record 23, English, - composition%20of%20the%20atmosphere

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composition of the atmosphere: term standardized by ISO.  6, record 23, English, - composition%20of%20the%20atmosphere

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Proportion relative de chacune des substances qui forment l'atmosphère terrestre.  2, record 23, French, - composition%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La composition de l'atmosphère est assez hétérogène. La masse principale est constituée par un mélange gazeux, l'air sec, auquel s'ajoutent une très faible proportion d'aérosols ainsi que de l'eau soit sous forme condensée (liquide ou solide) soit à l'état de vapeur. Ainsi sur les dix tonnes qui représentent à peu près la masse de l'atmosphère au-dessus d'un même carré de sol, au niveau moyen de la mer, il y a 9,98 tonnes d'air, un peu moins de 20 kilogrammes d'eau (soit l'équivalent de 20 mm d'eau pluviale) et environ un kilogramme de matériaux solides divers très finement divisés dont une très faible partie de micro-organismes.  4, record 23, French, - composition%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans l'homosphère, jusqu'à cent kilomètres d'altitude, la composition chimique de l'atmosphère est homogène, c'est-à-dire relativement stable. Plus haut, dans l'hétérosphère, la composition de l'atmosphère est qualifiée de stratifiée.  2, record 23, French, - composition%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

composition de l'atmosphère : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 23, French, - composition%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Características físico-químicas de la atmósfera.  1, record 23, Spanish, - composici%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20atm%C3%B3sfera

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sulfur and nitrogen compounds can travel several hundred kilometers or more through the atmosphere, so that the quality of the atmosphere in one country can be measurably affected by emissions from other countries.  3, record 24, English, - sulfur%20compound

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dye-works and weaving mills discharge lightly-polluted but highly-coloured effluents which may contain products harmful to biological purification (sulphur compounds, metal salts, aniline); this type of effluent either directly by electro-coagulation, or by means of activated carbon after prior clarification.  4, record 24, English, - sulfur%20compound

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Many sulfur compounds are estimated to be lesser greenhouse gases, especially sulfur dioxide(SO₂ carbonyl sulfide(CSO), hydrogen sulfide(H₂5), dimethylsulfide(DMS), sulfur hexafluoride(SF₆), and carbon disulfide(CS₂).  5, record 24, English, - sulfur%20compound

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) recommends the form "sulfur" rather than "sulphur."  6, record 24, English, - sulfur%20compound

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé chimique qui contient du soufre.  3, record 24, French, - compos%C3%A9%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les composés sulfurés représentent non seulement des précurseurs aux pluies acides, les oxydes de soufre (SO_x) surtout, mais ils constituent également des gaz à effet de serre mineurs (mentionnons le dioxyde de soufre, le sulfure de méthyle, l'hydrogène sulfuré, l'hexafluorure de soufre, le sulfure de carbone et l'oxysulfure de carbone).  3, record 24, French, - compos%C3%A9%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Seul le terme «sulfuré» signifie «combiné au soufre». Le terme «soufré» signifie «qui contient, est imbibé, est enduit de soufre» (un tampon soufré).  3, record 24, French, - compos%C3%A9%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Region including the stratosphere and mesosphere, i.e., from approximately 15 to 85 km.  2, record 25, English, - middle%20atmosphere

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is the lower atmosphere? The troposphere [and] the stratosphere... What is the middle atmosphere? The mesosphere is the layer of neutral atmosphere below the thermosphere, extending from around 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface to around 80 kilometers. The composition of the lower and the middle atmosphere is remarkably constant up to around 70 kilometers, comprising approximately 78% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen, and the remainder small quantities of Argon, Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapour, and traces of Helium, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, Methane and Hydrogen. The Ozone layer is at around 50 kilometers.  3, record 25, English, - middle%20atmosphere

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For some authors, the middle atmosphere includes the stratosphere and the mesosphere, for others, it includes only the mesosphere.  4, record 25, English, - middle%20atmosphere

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Région comprenant la stratosphère et la mésosphère, c.-à-d. allant approximativement de 15 à 85 km.  3, record 25, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20moyenne

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ainsi, le domaine de la basse atmosphère s'identifie à la troposphère, riche en vapeur d'eau et en nuages [...] Vient ensuite le domaine de la moyenne atmosphère, qui superpose la stratosphère - jusqu'à une cinquantaine de km d'altitude - et la mésosphère. L'air y garde une composition identique à celle de la basse atmosphère (hormis le cas de l' ozone et celui de l'eau, réduite à un gaz à l'état de traces) et voit ses mouvements régis par les mêmes lois qu'elle. Cependant, les réactions photochimiques induites par la présence d'ozone stratosphérique fournissent à l'air un apport de chaleur, de sorte que lorsqu'on s'élève dans la stratosphère, la température devient d'abord constante, puis se met à croître; ce n'est que plus haut, dans la mésosphère, que le profil thermique vertical est à nouveau décroissant.  2, record 25, French, - atmosph%C3%A8re%20moyenne

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Región que incluye la estratosfera y la mesosfera; esto es, entre los 15 y los 85 km, aproximadamente.  3, record 25, Spanish, - atm%C3%B3sfera%20media

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mixture of gases produced by forcing steam through a very hot coke or coal. It is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with small amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide and is sometimes used as a fuel for heating and cooking.  4, record 26, English, - water%20gas

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mélange gazeux combustible obtenu en dirigeant de la chaleur d'eau sur du coke chauffé. Composition moyenne: hydrogène 50 pour cent, oxyde de carbone 40 pour cent, gaz carbonique, azote, oxygène, méthane.  1, record 26, French, - gaz%20%C3%A0%20l%27eau

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gas preparado descomponiendo el vapor de agua, haciéndolo pasar sobre una capa de coque incandescente o por reacción del vapor de agua a alta temperatura con el gas natural o hidrocarburos similares. Inflamable.  1, record 26, Spanish, - gas%20de%20agua

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A series of processes in which atmospheric sulfur dioxide is oxidized to the trioxide, which combines with water and is washed out on to the Earth's surface as sulfuric acid or sulfates; bacterial action converts the sulfates into hydrogen sulfide, which is then oxidized to sulfur dioxide. This mechanism maintains the global atmospheric concentration of sulfur dioxide at a roughly constant level, and it is important to ensure that the extra sulfur dioxide produced by man does not overload it, leading to steadily increasing concentration in the air.  3, record 27, English, - sulfur%20cycle

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mais comme la plupart des débats sur la pollution, celui concernant les pluies acides péchait par la faiblesse des certitudes et l'ampleur des questions en suspens. Que devient le soufre dans l'atmosphère? Quel est le cycle du soufre? Quelle est la part des activités humaines et celle des phénomènes naturels volcaniques dans les émissions de soufre? Quel rôle jouent les océans?  3, record 27, French, - cycle%20du%20soufre

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ciclo biogeoquímico referente a la evolución del azufre a su paso por el medio físico y el medio biótico en su ciclo natural.  2, record 27, Spanish, - ciclo%20del%20azufre

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Output of a fuel processor. Such a gas stream will often contain hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.  3, record 28, English, - reformate

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until scientists solve these problems, most fuel-cell systems will rely on devices called fuel processors (or reformers) to convert hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, methanol and gasoline into a hydrogen-rich gas. Unfortunately, this processed (or reformed) gas ...  2, record 28, English, - reformate

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mélange gazeux riche en hydrogène.  1, record 28, French, - reformat

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The term ... refers to the dried cells of microorganisms such as algae, actinomycetes, bacteria, yeasts, molds and higher fungi grown in large scale culture systems for use as protein sources in human foods or animal feeds.  5, record 29, English, - single%2Dcell%20protein

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Possible substrates for single cell protein production include agricultural and food-processing wastes, by products such as molasses and cheese whey permeates, n-alkanes and other petroleum-derived raw materials, alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, and gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen or carbon dioxide.  4, record 29, English, - single%2Dcell%20protein

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellules séchées fabriquées en industrie provenant de microorganismes tels que les bactéries, les levures, les champignons, les algues, etc. et utilisée comme source protéinique dans l'alimentation humaine et animale.  5, record 29, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20d%27organisme%20unicellulaire

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Destroy the PCB using Powertech's propriety sodium process.... plants are capable of destroying PCBs to well below 2 ppm and produce [non-hazardous] hazardous effluents. Atmospheric emissions consist of nitrogen(sometimes containing traces of hydrogen), and carbon dioxide. Small amounts of neutral sludge, and inorganic sodium compounds are produced as harmless by-products.  3, record 30, English, - inorganic%20sodium%20compound

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It is imperative to understand the difference between organic and inorganic sodium. Organic sodium comes from the plant kingdom and is a free sodium, unattached to a chloride. Inorganic sodium (table salt) comes from rock and is extremely harmful to metabolic function. Sodium chloride (table salt), whether it be rock salt or sea salt, cannot be used by the body! It is extremely harmful and actually requires the use of organic sodium to protect the body from its effects.  4, record 30, English, - inorganic%20sodium%20compound

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Halogen Occultation Experiment(HALOE) was launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UARS spacecraft September 12, 1991 as part of the Earth Science Enterprise(ESE) Program. The experiment uses solar occultation to measure vertical profiles of Ozone(O₃), Hydrogen Chloride(HCl), Hydrogen Fluoride(HF), Methane(CH₄), Water(H₂O), Nitric Oxide(NO), Nitrogen Dioxide(NO₂), Aerosol Extinction, Aerosol Surface and Temperature versus pressure with an instantaneous field of view of 1. 6 km at the earth limb.  2, record 31, English, - halogen%20occultation%20experiment

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The processes for producing hydrogen chloride include the following routes : Reaction of chlorine and hydrogen; Reaction of alkali chloride(chloride of sodium or potassium) with sulfuric acid(using Mannheim mechanical muffle furnaces or fluidized bed reactors) or with sulfur dioxide, steam and air(Hargreaves process).  2, record 32, English, - alkali%20chloride

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

We have performed multinuclear NMR experiments at temperatures above the melting point in pure alkali chlorides and in their molten eutectic mixtures.  3, record 32, English, - alkali%20chloride

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 3 CONT

alkali chloride plant ...  4, record 32, English, - alkali%20chloride

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 4 CONT

alkali-chloride rich water samples ...  5, record 32, English, - alkali%20chloride

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] «fabrique» désigne des installations conçues ou exploitées en vue de la production de chlore et d'hydroxydes alcalins par un procédé industriel comportant l'électrolyse d'une saumure de chlorure alcalin à l'aide d'une cellule à mercure [...]  2, record 32, French, - chlorure%20alcalin

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A genus of short rod-shaped soil bacteria(family Methanomonadacea) that are facultative autotrophs capable of oxidizing hydrogen to form water and using carbon dioxide as a source of carbon for growth.  1, record 33, English, - hydrogenomonas

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Levure emmagasinant l'énergie de l'hydrogène sous forme de protéines, graisses et vitamines.  1, record 33, French, - hydrog%C3%A9nomonas

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The conversion of coal into liquid hydrocarbon fuel.  2, record 34, English, - coal%20liquefaction

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The various liquefaction processes fundamentally involve reducing the carbon to hydrogen weight ratio of the coal either by adding hydrogen or by removing part of the carbon as coke or carbon dioxide. The by-products of coal liquefaction range from waxes and heavy oils to light gasolines and gases, depending on the process and amount of hydrogen employed.  2, record 34, English, - coal%20liquefaction

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

liquefaction. Also, erroneously, liquifaction.  3, record 34, English, - coal%20liquefaction

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transformation du charbon naturel en produits hydrocarbonés liquides (pétroles synthétiques, carburants lubrifiants) par action de l'hydrogène.  2, record 34, French, - liqu%C3%A9faction%20du%20charbon

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sulfur cycle. A series of processes in which atmospheric sulfur dioxide is oxidized to the trioxide, which combines with water and is washed out on to the earth's surface as sulfuric acid or sulfates; bacterial action converts the sulfates into hydrogen sulfide, which is then oxidized to sulfur dioxide.  1, record 35, English, - atmospheric%20sulfur%20dioxide

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

SO₂.  5, record 35, English, - atmospheric%20sulfur%20dioxide

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette étude, conduite en 1984, est une application de la méthode d'HAWKSWORTH et ROSE, basée sur la détection du SO₂ atmosphérique par l'observation des lichens épiphytes dans la région lyonnaise.  1, record 35, French, - SO2%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La formule SO₂ désigne spécifiquement l'anhydride sulfureux mais, comme ce dernier composé est le représentant le plus fréquent des différents composés du soufre, il prend souvent le sens générique de «soufre».  2, record 35, French, - SO2%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

C'est sous forme de gaz qu'on retrouve généralement l'anhydride sulfureux.  2, record 35, French, - SO2%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 OBS

SO₂.  2, record 35, French, - SO2%20atmosph%C3%A9rique

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In this form of transport detector for h. p. l. c. [high-performance liquid chromatography], the eluate is deposited upon a fine stainless steel wire that has been cleaned by being heated at 850°C. The volatile solvent is evaporated and the solute oxidized at 700-800°C in air to a mixture of carbon dioxide and water. The oxidation products are mixed with hydrogen and passed over a nickel catalyst at 330°C to give methane which is burnt in a flame ionization detector to give an electrical signal that can be amplified and recorded. The detector gives a linear response over a wide concentration range [...] The sensitivity has been improved and the noise level reduced by using either a ceramic(kaolin) or ceramic-metal(kaolin and copper) coating to the wire.  1, record 36, English, - wire%20transport%20detector

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

R-6/SVP-HCl, Lurgi and Chemetics processes. The chlorine dioxide is produced by reaction of the chlorate with hydrochloric acid, which is in turn produced on site from hydrogen produced in the on-site chlorate plant and merchant chlorine. The chlorine dioxide is stripped from the vacuum-operated generator crystallizer with steam in the R6/SVP-HCl process. Air is used to strip and dilute the chlorine dioxide from the reactors in the Lurgi and Chemetics systems.  1, record 37, English, - R6%2FSVP%2DHCl%20process

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédé R6/SVP-HCl, les procédés Lurgi et Chemetics. Le bioxyde de chlore par la réaction du chlorate avec l'acide chlorhydrique. Ce dernier est produit à l'usine à partir de l'hydrogène provenant de l'usine de chlorate ou du fournisseur de chlore. Le bioxyde de chlore est extrait à la vapeur du générateur cristallisoir. Dans les systèmes de Lurgi et Chemetics, le bioxyde de chlore est extrait du réacteur et dilué avec l'air.  1, record 37, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20R6%2FSVP%2DHCl

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mixer using a high-shear mixing action for the mixing of gaseous and liquid bleaching chemicals(e. g. chlorine dioxide solution, gaseous chlorine, gaseous oxygen, hydrogen peroxide). This mixer provides greater mixing efficiency than the older fashion peg mixers and the in-line static mixers.  1, record 38, English, - high%20shear%20mixer

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En ce qui concerne le mélangeur dynamique, le mélange est le résultat du mouvement physique appliqué à la masse fluide par un agitateur généralement constitué d'un rotor fixé à un arbre. L'énergie est fournie par un moteur externe. Les mélangeurs à cisaillement élevé ou à moyenne consistance (MC) sont un cas particulier des mélangeurs dynamiques.  1, record 38, French, - m%C3%A9langeur%20%C3%A0%20cisaillement%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chlorine dioxide manufacture. Chlorine dioxide is an explosive gas and cannot be prepared safely in undiluted form nor can it be liquified for transport and storage, therefore it must be manufactured on site. The processes that have been developed which generate chlorine dioxide in dilute aqueous solution by reducing sodium chlorate in a strong acid solution with a reducing agent usually sulphur dioxide, methanol, sodium/hydrogen chloride and lastly hydrogen peroxide.  1, record 39, English, - chlorine%20dioxide%20manufacture

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fabrication du bioxyde de chlore. Le bioxyde de chlore est un gaz explosif et il ne peut être préparé sécuritairement sous forme non diluée ni être liquéfié en vue du transport ou du stockage. Il faut par conséquent le fabriquer sur place. Plusieurs procédés ont été mis au point pour produire le bioxyde de chlore en solution aqueuse diluée, par action d'une solution acide forte sur le chlorate de sodium à l'aide d'un agent réducteur (l'anhydride sulfureux, le méthanol, l'acide chlorhydrique ou le chlorure de sodium).  1, record 39, French, - fabrication%20du%20bioxyde%20de%20chlore

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme bioxyde est considéré comme vieilli et doit être remplacé par «dioxyde».  2, record 39, French, - fabrication%20du%20bioxyde%20de%20chlore

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Emission of a gas as a result of a chemical reaction, as hydrogen from acids reacted with a metal or carbon dioxide from the action of an acid on a carbonate. In formulas it may be indicated by an upward vertical arrow.  1, record 40, English, - evolution

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

evolution of gas from solution.  2, record 40, English, - evolution

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dégagement du gaz d'une solution.  1, record 40, French, - d%C3%A9gagement

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bleaching carries further the fiber purification accomplished in the pulping process. In the case of wood pulp, traces of lignin and other colored substances are removed or converted to colorless forms by bleaching. Most bleaching processes use an oxidizing agent(chlorine, a hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or hydrogen peroxide)... Bleaching of wood pulp usually is carried out in stages(from three to six or seven separate operations)...  3, record 41, English, - bleach%20plant

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Bleaching: A process, after pulping, in which coloured ligneous material and other coloured matter remaining in the pulp are selectively removed in several stages with as little degradation of the pulp fibres as possible leaving whiter cellulosic constituents in the fibres.  4, record 41, English, - bleach%20plant

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'usine de blanchiment [...] on trouvera, pour chaque stade, des épaississeurs [...] pour amener la pâte à la concentration voulue, des mélangeurs [...] pour mettre en contact la pâte et le réactif, des cuviers de blanchiment [...] dans lesquels séjourne la pâte à chaque stade, et des piles laveuses ou piles blanchisseuses [...] pour séparer la pâte du réactif.  1, record 41, French, - usine%20de%20blanchiment

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On ne sait pas avec certitude ce qui donne à la pâte sa coloration [...] Il semble que la lignine, qui est [...] un corps blanc dans le spectre visible, subisse des transformations au cours de la cuisson, donnant des complexes colorants [...] Le blanchiment consiste donc à éliminer ces composants colorés.  1, record 41, French, - usine%20de%20blanchiment

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Suivant la nature des pâtes papetières et leur utilisation, le blanchiment se fera en un ou plusieurs stades [...] Le blanchiment des pâtes à haut rendement consiste à décolorer la lignine par des agents oxydants ou réducteurs (...) Les réactifs les plus employés sont le peroxyde d'hydrogène et le peroxyde de sodium.  1, record 41, French, - usine%20de%20blanchiment

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are oxidized and hydrolyzed in the atmosphere to sulfuric acid. Nitrogen oxides are similarly converted into nitric acid. If these acids are present in significant quantities, they can acidify precipitation to below pH 5. 6.  1, record 42, English, - acidify

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this context the verb "acidify" is a transitive verb.  2, record 42, English, - acidify

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Contribuer, comme agent ou comme intermédiaire, au déséquilibre acido-basique d'un écosystème par une augmentation d'origine anthropique de sa concentration en acide.  2, record 42, French, - acidifier

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les oxydes de soufre. La plupart sont émis sous la forme de gaz sulfureux SO₂, issu de la combustion du charbon et des combustibles liquides, en particulier par les véhicules automobiles et les installations de chauffage. Le SO₂ peut être oxydé en sulfates qui dégradent les pierres des constructions et acidifient les eaux des lacs.  3, record 42, French, - acidifier

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le verbe français acidifier et le verbe anglais «to acidify» sont des verbes transitifs directs.  4, record 42, French, - acidifier

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gasifier systems used or proposed for biomass are primarily oxygen-or steam-fluidized bed units which produce synthesis gas and superheated steam. The synthesis gas is taken to a shift reactor where the carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide and the gases are scrubbed to remove the carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide(if any) and water vapour prior to application to a catalyst bed where the methanol is formed.  2, record 43, English, - shift%20reactor

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

shift conversion : A process for the production of gas with a desired carbon monoxide content from crude gases derived from coal gasification. Carbon monoxide rich gas is saturated with steam and passed through a catalytic reactor... to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide....  3, record 43, English, - shift%20reactor

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The conversion of char to gaseous products by reaction with air, hydrogen, oxygen, steam, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of these.  2, record 44, English, - char%20gasification

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Subject-test CANMET-METALLURGY  3, record 44, English, - char%20gasification

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photosynthesis : Synthesis of chemical compounds in light, especially the manufacture of organic compounds(primarily carbohydrates) from carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source(such as water), with simultaneous liberation of oxygen, by chlorophyll-containing plant cells.  2, record 45, English, - photosynthesis%20measurement

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--reduction of a neutral or weakly acid solution of a molybdate with zinc, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, etc., gives a deep blue colloidal liquid.  1, record 46, English, - molybdenum%20blue

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

l'acide phosphomolybdique en solution à 20% dans le méthanol. Il se produit des taches bleues dues à la réduction en bleu de molybdène.  1, record 46, French, - bleu%20de%20molybd%C3%A8ne

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An extensive class of compounds formed by chemical combination of oxygen with another element or with an organic compound.  1, record 47, English, - oxide

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The commonest examples of inorganic oxides are water(an oxide of hydrogen) and carbon dioxide, both of which are products of combustion. Virtually all the elements except the noble gases form oxides, especially when heated.  1, record 47, English, - oxide

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Corps résultant de l'union de l'oxygène soit avec un élément, soit avec un radical.  2, record 47, French, - oxyde

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De tous les corps simples connus, seuls les gaz rares les plus légers ne donnent pas d'oxyde. On regroupe les oxydes en trois catégories selon leur comportement dans l'eau : 1° les oxydes basiques [...] 2° les oxydes acides [...] 3° les oxydes neutres [...]  2, record 47, French, - oxyde

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A company in the United States has recently won the 1981 Kirkpatrick Chemical Engineering Achievement award for an effort related to reverse osmosis.... The company claims that this new "Prism" separator is particularly suited to the splitting off of such fast-permeating gases as hydrogen and/or carbon dioxide... While other more conventional processes for gas separations such as cryogenic systems, pressure-swing absorption and absorption in liquids are relatively energy-intensive, the new reverse osmosis process uses very little energy.  1, record 48, English, - pressure%2Dswing%20absorption

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A process for the purification of coal-gasification gas based on the capability of cold methanol to absorb all gas impurities in a single step.  1, record 49, English, - Rectisol%20process

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gas naphtha, unsaturated hydrocarbons, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide are removed from the gas stream by the methanol at temperatures below 0 °C.  1, record 49, English, - Rectisol%20process

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le procédé Rectisol [...] exploite le phénomène d'absorption par le méthanol froid pour purifier les gaz bruts et en éliminer le naphte, les hydrocarbures insaturés et les impuretés à point d'ébullition plus élevé, ainsi que l'hydrogène sulfuré, les produits organiques renfermant du soufre et le gaz carbonique.  1, record 49, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20Rectisol

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because sulfur dioxide is the main precursor of acidity, and because understanding of the atmospheric behaviour of sulfur is most advanced, sulfate and sulfur dioxide, in addition to hydrogen ion, are frequently used as reliable indicators of the acid deposition phenomenon.  1, record 50, English, - precursor%20of%20acidity

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because sulfur dioxide is the main precursor of acidity, and because understanding of the atmospheric behaviour of sulfur is most advance, sulfate and sulfur dioxide, in addition to hydrogen ion, are frequently used as reliable indicators of the acid deposition phenomenon.  1, record 51, English, - atmospheric%20behaviour

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

behaviour: Brit. sp. of behavior.  3, record 51, English, - atmospheric%20behaviour

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What determines the chemistry of rain and snow? The water comes from evaporation and transpiration(water vapor lost by plants) and is essentially distilled, or pure. Once the vapor reaches the atmosphere, however, it condenses on solid particles and soon reaches equilibrium with atmospheric gases. One of the gases is carbon dioxide(CO2), and as carbon dioxide dissolves in the water carbonic acid(H2CO3) forms. Carbonic acid, being a weak acid, dissociates only slightly in distilled water, yielding hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions(HCO3-). At normal concentrations and pressures of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the pH of rain and snow would be 5. 6.  1, record 52, English, - chemistry%20of%20snow

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La forme "Snow chemistry" a été proposée par analogie à "rain chemistry", attesté dans WAQUB-E, 1983, vol. 8, no 2, p.59.  2, record 52, English, - chemistry%20of%20snow

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sulphur, either in the form of sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide, hydrogen sulphide or sulphate salts, is removed from the atmosphere in rain, drizzle and fog, and by gaseous absorption in the oceans.  3, record 53, English, - sulphate%20salt

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sulphuric acid will ultimately react with calcium and magnesium in water to form sulphate salts.  4, record 53, English, - sulphate%20salt

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

concentrations en sulfates. (...) jusqu'à ces derniers temps, les informations relatives à la répartition dans l'aérosol des concentrations en sels de sulfate et acide sulfurique étaient très peu nombreuses.  2, record 53, French, - sel%20de%20sulfate