TERMIUM Plus^®

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[The] "cryo arms" support the upper umbilicals which supply the Ariane 6 upper stage with cryogenic top-up fuel, maintain the correct pressurisation of the upper stage tanks, cool the engines before ignition and generally keep the upper stage in an optimal condition right up to the point of liftoff. The same umbilicals allow the fuel to be drained safely if a launch is aborted. Each arm is 13 m [meters] long and weighs 20 tonnes. One arm supplies liquid hydrogen at-250 ºC, the other supplies liquid oxygen at-180 ºC. When Ariane 6 lifts off, these arms will disconnect from the rocket and then pivot away quickly in just 2. 6 seconds to avoid interfering with the rocket's ascent.  3, record 1, English, - cryogenic%20arm

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Dispositif articulé qui porte la liaison ombilicale entre le pas de tir et le lanceur et qui l'écarte de ce dernier avant le décollage.  3, record 1, French, - bras%20cryotechnique

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bras cryotechnique : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 26 janvier 2025.  4, record 1, French, - bras%20cryotechnique

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Hydrogen drones utilize hydrogen fuel cells for power. Hydrogen must be free of other elements and stored under high pressure to be a viable power source. Hydrogen is then converted within the fuel cell by mixing it with oxygen, and the byproduct is then removed with water. This process affords better energy density in comparison to battery drones. As a result, hydrogen drones can stay airborne for hours.  1, record 2, English, - hydrogen%20drone

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Un drone à hydrogène peut voler trois fois plus longtemps qu'un drone à batterie classique et peut également transporter des charges plus lourdes.  2, record 2, French, - drone%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Each laser pulse has a specific duration, allowing to concentrate the energy within a short lapse of time. The shorter the pulse duration, the higher the peak power.  3, record 3, English, - laser%20pulse

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... laser pulses delivering trillions of watts are aimed at minuscule pellets of hydrogen fuel.  4, record 3, English, - laser%20pulse

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Ces événements très brefs sont toutefois des éternités par rapport aux impulsions laser les plus courtes que l'homme sait aujourd'hui produire : ces impulsions laser durent seulement quelques femtosecondes (ou millionièmes de milliardième de seconde).  2, record 3, French, - impulsion%20laser

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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An electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell as power source for its electric motor.  1, record 4, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20electric%20vehicle

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The fuel used in fuel-cell vehicles is hydrogen.  1, record 4, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20electric%20vehicle

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Véhicule propulsé par un moteur électrique dont l'alimentation est assurée par une pile à combustible.  4, record 4, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A9lectrique%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les piles à combustible des véhicules à pile à combustible sont des piles à hydrogène.  4, record 4, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A9lectrique%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Vehículo eléctrico que utiliza un dispositivo que genera electricidad convirtiendo la energía química de un combustible y un oxidante.  2, record 4, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20el%C3%A9ctrico%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

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El vehículo eléctrico de pila de combustible funciona con un motor eléctrico que se alimenta de la electricidad generada por unas pilas de hidrógeno. Solo emite agua, por lo que no contamina.  3, record 4, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20el%C3%A9ctrico%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

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En general, la pila de combustible usa hidrógeno como combustible y oxígeno como oxidante.  2, record 4, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20el%C3%A9ctrico%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

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vehículo eléctrico de pila de combustible: No confundir con "automóvil de pila de combustible" ya que "automóvil" es un concepto específico comprendido por el de "vehículo".  2, record 4, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20el%C3%A9ctrico%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

vehículo eléctrico de pila de combustible: No confundir con "vehículo de hidrógeno", ya que éste puede propulsarse con una pila de combustible que contiene generalmente hidrógeno o con un motor de combustión que utiliza hidrógeno en vez de gasolina.  2, record 4, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20el%C3%A9ctrico%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

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Policies and regulations that encourage the use of hydrogen technologies include low carbon fuel regulations, carbon pricing, vehicle emissions regulations, zero-emission vehicle mandates, creation of emission-free zones, and renewable gas mandates in natural gas networks.  2, record 5, English, - hydrogen%20technology

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Hydrogen technology provides one realistic option for a green recovery, especially in the hard-to-decarbonise energy processes of heavy transport and industrial steel production.  3, record 5, English, - hydrogen%20technology

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Les politiques et les règlements qui encouragent l'utilisation des technologies de l'hydrogène comprennent les règlements sur les carburants à faible teneur en carbone, la tarification du carbone, les règlements sur les émissions des véhicules, les exigences relatives aux véhicules à zéro émission, la création de zones sans émissions et les exigences relatives à l'intégration du gaz renouvelable dans les réseaux de gaz naturel.  2, record 5, French, - technologie%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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As a heating fuel, hydrogen is a cleaner-burning molecule that can be a substitute for combustion of fossil fuels in applications where high-grade heat is needed and where electric heating is not the best option.  4, record 6, English, - high%20temperature%20heat

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En tant que combustible de chauffage, l'hydrogène est une molécule plus propre qui peut remplacer la combustion de combustibles fossiles dans des applications où une chaleur de haute température est nécessaire et où le chauffage électrique n'est pas la meilleure option.  2, record 6, French, - chaleur%20de%20haute%20temp%C3%A9rature

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Se situe généralement entre 300 °C et 600 °C (mais il n'y a pas encore d'unanimité à ce sujet).  3, record 6, French, - chaleur%20de%20haute%20temp%C3%A9rature

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Los gases renovables, y singularmente el hidrógeno [...] son la única alternativa para descarbonizar procesos industriales que requieren calor de alta temperatura [...]  1, record 6, Spanish, - calor%20de%20alta%20temperatura

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[A rail vehicle that] uses a hybrid configuration of hydrogen fuel cells, batteries and electric traction motors.  2, record 7, English, - hydrail

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Hydrail offers a cost-effective way to electrify rail service compared with the traditional electrification approaches using overhead catenary wires or a third rail.  3, record 7, English, - hydrail

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commercial hydrogen powered train  3, record 7, English, - hydrail

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Les trains à hydrogène constituent un moyen rentable d'électrifier le service ferroviaire par rapport aux approches traditionnelles en matière d'électrification, qui recourent à des câbles caténaires ou à un troisième rail.  1, record 7, French, - train%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El tren de hidrógeno es una alternativa sostenible para todos los tramos ferroviarios sin catenaria y que, por lo tanto, requieren del uso de combustibles fósiles.  1, record 7, Spanish, - tren%20de%20hidr%C3%B3geno

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While some hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are at a level of commercial readiness, support for R&D [research and development] is needed to reduce costs further, develop solutions in the less mature applications and discover new breakthrough technologies to benefit the sector.  1, record 8, English, - hydrogen%20and%20fuel%20cell%20technology

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 PHR

commercial deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies  1, record 8, English, - hydrogen%20and%20fuel%20cell%20technology

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global hydrogen and fuel cell technology developers  1, record 8, English, - hydrogen%20and%20fuel%20cell%20technology

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hydrogen and fuel cell technology : designation usually used in the plural.  2, record 8, English, - hydrogen%20and%20fuel%20cell%20technology

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Bien que certaines technologies de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible soient à un niveau de maturité commerciale, un soutien à la R-D [recherche et développement] est nécessaire pour réduire davantage les coûts, concevoir des solutions dans les applications moins matures et découvrir de nouvelles technologies de pointe au profit du secteur.  1, record 8, French, - technologie%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne%20et%20des%20piles%20%C3%A0%20combustible

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technologie de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 8, French, - technologie%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne%20et%20des%20piles%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

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tecnología de hidrógeno y pilas de combustible: designación utilizada generalmente en plural.  2, record 8, Spanish, - tecnolog%C3%ADa%20de%20hidr%C3%B3geno%20y%20pilas%20de%20combustible

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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In July 2020, the Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association(CHFCA) and Australian Hydrogen Council(AHC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding(MOU) to strengthen collaboration between Canada and Australia in the commercial deployment of zero-emission hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, including identifying opportunities for joint projects in mining.  2, record 9, English, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20and%20Fuel%20Cell%20Association

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The CHFCA was formed in January 2009 when the Canadian Hydrogen Association(CHA) and Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada(H2FCC) merged together.  3, record 9, English, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20and%20Fuel%20Cell%20Association

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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[...] l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible (ACHPC) et l'Australian Hydrogen Council (AHC) ont récemment signé un protocole d'entente visant à renforcer la collaboration entre le Canada et l'Australie dans le déploiement commercial des technologies de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible, notamment dans les applications minières et de transport.  2, record 9, French, - Association%20canadienne%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne%20et%20des%20piles%20%C3%A0%20combustible

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En 2009, l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène a fusionné avec Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada (H2FCC) pour former l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible.  3, record 9, French, - Association%20canadienne%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne%20et%20des%20piles%20%C3%A0%20combustible

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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In addition to being used directly as a fuel in FCEVs [fuel cell electric vehicles], hydrogen can enable higher amounts of renewable gas in natural gas supply networks that provide fuel for compressed natural gas(CNG) vehicles.  1, record 10, English, - compressed%20natural%20gas%20vehicle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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En plus d'être utilisé directement comme carburant dans les VEPC [véhicules électriques à pile à combustible], l'hydrogène permet d'augmenter la production de gaz renouvelable dans les réseaux d'approvisionnement en gaz naturel qui fournissent du carburant pour les véhicules alimentés au gaz naturel comprimé (GNC).  1, record 10, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20aliment%C3%A9%20au%20gaz%20naturel%20comprim%C3%A9

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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AIP is based on hydrogen fuel cell technology providing power by burning hydrogen and stored oxygen.  3, record 11, English, - air%2Dindependent%20propulsion

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air-independent propulsion; AIP: designations standardized by NATO.  4, record 11, English, - air%2Dindependent%20propulsion

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propulsion anaérobie; AIP : désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.  3, record 11, French, - propulsion%20ana%C3%A9robie

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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In 2009, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada merged with the Canadian Hydrogen Association to form the Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association.  5, record 12, English, - Hydrogen%20%26%20Fuel%20Cells%20Canada

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 2009, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada a fusionné avec l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène pour former l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible.  5, record 12, French, - Hydrogen%20%26%20Fuel%20Cells%20Canada

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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In 2009, the Canadian Hydrogen Association merged with Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada to form the Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association.  3, record 13, English, - Canadian%20Hydrogen%20Association

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 2009, l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène a fusionné avec Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Canada pour former l'Association canadienne de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible.  2, record 13, French, - Association%20canadienne%20de%20l%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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A source of pollution which can be regarded as a precise spot.  5, record 14, English, - point%20source

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Large point sources of CO₂ include large fossil fuel or biomass energy facilities, major CO₂-emitting industries, natural gas production, synthetic fuel plants and fossil fuel-based hydrogen production plants.  6, record 14, English, - point%20source

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point source; PS: term and abbreviation standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  7, record 14, English, - point%20source

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Source d'émissions limitée à un seul point bien circonscrit.  3, record 14, French, - source%20ponctuelle

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On opère souvent une distinction entre les sources ponctuelles, importantes et concentrées, et les sources diffuses de tailles limitées et à effluents plus dilués. Dans cette approche, les sources ponctuelles relèvent plutôt d'installations industrielles tandis que les diffuses sont davantage catégorisées dans le domestique.  4, record 14, French, - source%20ponctuelle

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source ponctuelle; SP : terme et abréviation normalisés par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  5, record 14, French, - source%20ponctuelle

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Fuente de contaminación que puede considerarse situada en un punto preciso.  3, record 14, Spanish, - fuente%20puntual

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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A particular design of pebble bed reactor [that] is fueled and moderated by fuel spheres each containing TRISO coated oxide fuel grains and a surrounding hollow sphere of graphite moderator.  1, record 15, English, - pebble%20bed%20modular%20reactor

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These are stacked in a close packed lattice and cooled by helium, which is used to drive a turbine directly, or may be used to provide process heat for the production of hydrogen fuel. The PBMR is modular in that only small to mid-sized units [are] designed...  1, record 15, English, - pebble%20bed%20modular%20reactor

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Réacteur à haute température refroidi au gaz de quelque 160 MW fondé sur un développement allemand [...]  2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

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Pour modérer la réaction en chaîne, il utilise du graphite pyrolytique à la place de l'eau. Pour refroidir le réacteur, il utilise un gaz semi-inerte tel que l'hélium, l'azote ou le dioxyde de carbone qui est porté à très haute température puis actionne directement une turbine.  3, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le combustible du PBMR est confiné dans des billes de graphite de la grandeur d'une boule de billard. Une fusion du cœur est impossible pour des raisons de physique.  2, record 15, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20modulaire%20%C3%A0%20lit%20de%20boulets

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Fuel processing... By the lack of a hydrogen infrastructure for mobile and stationary applications, technologies are being developed by which hydrogen can be generated from available fuels such as natural gas, LPG [liquefied petroleum gas] and gasoline with the highest possible efficiency.  2, record 16, English, - fuel%20processing

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Le combustible directement utilisé par l'empilement dans la réaction électrochimique est l'hydrogène. [...] La transformation du combustible secondaire en hydrogène ou CO s'effectue : - soit totalement en dehors du système de la pile; - soit dans la pile, dans une configuration qui permet d'optimiser les flux thermiques; - soit dans le cœur de la pile lui-même, en utilisant la chaleur produite dans l'empilement.  3, record 16, French, - transformation%20du%20combustible

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Piles à combustible et hydrogène : [...] Lorsque la centrale [Installation énergétique et thermique pilote] sera terminée, elle produira 250 kilowatts d'électricité, [...] aura une efficacité globale plus élevée en matière de conversion du combustible, éliminera les pertes d'énergie dues à la distribution [...]  2, record 16, French, - transformation%20du%20combustible

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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This type of fuel cell [Direct Methanol Fuel Cell] is still in the design stages because of the problems of finding a good electrocatalyst to both, transform methanol into carbon dioxide and hydrogen efficiently and to reduce oxygen in the presence of methanol should any transfer through the electrolyte which is in itself a problem.  2, record 17, English, - electrocatalyst

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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L'hydrogène (le combustible) est introduit sur l'anode poreuse et, sous l'influence de l'électrocatalyseur, se dissocie pour former des électrons libres et des ions d'hydrogène chargés positivement (cations).  2, record 17, French, - %C3%A9lectrocatalyseur

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Pour réduire cette polarisation d'activation à ce niveau, on met en œuvre des «catalyseurs» (ou «électrocatalyseurs») spécifiques. Ils ont pour rôle de faciliter les échanges électroniques lorsque ceux-ci constituent l'étape lente du processus.  3, record 17, French, - %C3%A9lectrocatalyseur

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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The amount of air theoretically needed for combustion can be calculated if the fuel analysis is known and the carbon and hydrogen in the fuel are assumed to burn completely to carbon dioxide and water. This amount is called "theoretical air".  2, record 18, English, - theoretical%20air

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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L'excès d'air est la différence entre la quantité d'air réellement délivrée à l'unité de masse du combustible et le pouvoir combustivore (ou air théorique) de ce même combustible.  1, record 18, French, - air%20th%C3%A9orique

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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A rocket engine that uses liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen(LOX) as the oxidizer, such as the space shuttle main engines(SSMEs).  1, record 19, English, - lox%2Dhydrogen%20engine

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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... A [US program] in which a public-private partnership... promotes the development of fuel-cell power and hydrogen as a primary fuel for cars and trucks....  2, record 20, English, - FreedomCAR%20Initiative

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CAR in FreedomCAR means Cooperative Automotive Research.  3, record 20, English, - FreedomCAR%20Initiative

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Initiative, launched in January 2002 by the US government, that is parallel to the FreedomCAR and Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, which was launched in January 2003.  3, record 20, English, - FreedomCAR%20Initiative

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] partenariat entre les secteurs public et privé [ayant] pour objectif de développer une pile à combustible alimentée en hydrogène [et dont] les résultats à long terme [...] devraient permettre d'augmenter l'efficacité et la rentabilité des voitures et des camions, tout en supprimant l'émission de gaz à effet de serre nocifs et polluants.  1, record 20, French, - FreedomCAR%20Initiative

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Programme lancé par le gouvernement des États-Unis en janvier 2002, qui va de pair avec le programme FreedomCAR and Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, lancé en janvier 2003.  2, record 20, French, - FreedomCAR%20Initiative

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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Since the conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is a zero-emissions vehicle that only emits water and heat as its waste products.  2, record 21, English, - hydrogen%20fuel%20cell%20vehicle

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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Puisque la conversion du combustible en énergie se fait par procédé électrochimique, et non par combustion, un véhicule à pile à hydrogène n’émet aucune émission; ses seuls déchets sont de l'eau et la chaleur.  2, record 21, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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Sum of hydrogen in organic and inorganic matter and in the moisture as a portion of the fuel.  2, record 22, English, - total%20hydrogen

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Somme de l'hydrogène de la matière organique et inorganique et de l'humidité contenues dans un combustible.  2, record 22, French, - hydrog%C3%A8ne%20total

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Record 23,  Textual support,  English

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An electric car that uses a fuel cell as power source for its electric motor.  3, record 23, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20car

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fuel used in existing fuel-cell cars is hydrogen.  3, record 23, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20car

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Voiture propulsée par un moteur électrique dont l'alimentation est assurée par une pile à combustible.  2, record 23, French, - voiture%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une voiture à pile à combustible ne produit aucune émission et accroît l'efficacité énergétique. [...] La voiture de l'avenir s'arrêtera à Ottawa aujourd'hui dans le cadre d'une tournée au Canada. Le prototype de la Ford Focus est un véhicule à pile à combustible propulsé par une pile à hydrogène Ballard. Ses avantages sont l'absence d'émissions (lorsque l'hydrogène est produit à partir de sources renouvelables), une plus grande efficacité énergétique et un fonctionnement silencieux.  1, record 23, French, - voiture%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les piles à combustible des voitures à pile à combustible actuelles sont des piles à hydrogène.  2, record 23, French, - voiture%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Automóvil eléctrico que utiliza un dispositivo que genera electricidad convirtiendo la energía química de un combustible y un oxidante.  3, record 23, Spanish, - autom%C3%B3vil%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En general, la pila de combustible usa hidrógeno como combustible y oxígeno como oxidante.  3, record 23, Spanish, - autom%C3%B3vil%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

automóvil de pila de combustible: No confundir con “vehículo eléctrico de pila de combustible” ya que "vehículo" es un concepto genérico que comprende al de "automóvil".  3, record 23, Spanish, - autom%C3%B3vil%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

automóvil de pila de combustible: No confundir con “vehículo de hidrógeno” ya que éste puede propulsarse con una pila de combustible que contiene generalmente hidrógeno o con un motor de combustión que utiliza hidrógeno en vez de gasolina.  3, record 23, Spanish, - autom%C3%B3vil%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 4 OBS

automóvil a pila de combustible: Según el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas de la Real Academia Española, debe evitarse la construcción sustantivo + a + sustantivo cuando la preposición “a” introduce el complemento que expresa el modo o medio por el que funciona un determinado objeto, a pesar de su uso tan extendido, por considerarse un galicismo. Se recomienda el uso de la preposición “de”: automóvil de pila de combustible.  3, record 23, Spanish, - autom%C3%B3vil%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bus that uses a hydrogen fuel cell as its power source for electrically driven wheels...  2, record 24, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20bus

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fuel-cell bus: term recommended by the Terminology Committee and standardized by the Validation Committee of the Sustainable Mobility Glossary.  3, record 24, English, - fuel%2Dcell%20bus

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

autobus à pile à combustible : terme recommandé par le Comité de terminologie et normalisé par le Comité de validation du Lexique de la mobilité durable.  2, record 24, French, - autobus%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fase de pruebas para el primer autobús de pila de combustible. [...] El autobús, de 12 metros de longitud y de piso bajo, tendrá una autonomía que se estima en 200 kilómetros y su capacidad de transporte, dependiendo del cliente, será de más de 60 pasajeros, alcanzando una velocidad máxima [de] 80 km/hora. Este tipo de vehículos ofrece dos ventajas [por un lado], el circular sin producir emisiones y por otro, el que a largo plazo el combustible se producirá a partir de energías renovables.  1, record 24, Spanish, - autob%C3%BAs%20de%20pila%20de%20combustible

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] fuel reforming reaction where the fuel is partially oxidized to carbon monoxide and hydrogen rather than fully oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.  4, record 25, English, - partial%20oxidation

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In chemistry, a partial oxidation(POX) reaction occurs when a substoichiometric fuel-air mixture is partially combusted in a reformer, creating a hydrogen-rich syngas, which can then be put to further use, for example in a fuel cell. A distinction is made between thermal partial oxidation(TPOX) and catalytic partial oxidation(CPOX).  3, record 25, English, - partial%20oxidation

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Partial oxidation is a technically mature process in which natural gas or a heavy hydrocarbon (heating oil) is mixed in an exothermic process with oxygen.  3, record 25, English, - partial%20oxidation

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction chimique qui survient lorsqu'un mélange stochiométrique de fioul et d'air est partiellement brûlé dans un reformeur, ce qui crée un syngas riche en hydrogène.  2, record 25, French, - oxydation%20partielle

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'oxydation partielle consiste en une réaction entre un carburant (gaz naturel, hydrocarbures légers, voire le charbon) avec l'oxygène, suivie ici encore d'une purification du gaz en raison du monoxyde de carbone CO. Elle peut être réalisée avec des hydrocarbures plus lourds que pour le vaporeformage; en revanche, comme pour le vaporeformage, le carburant doit aussi être purifié : il doit d'abord être débarrassé du soufre - ce qui peut être fait avant ou après la première réaction d'oxydation, puis du CO₂ et du CO. Ce procédé est arrivé à maturité.  3, record 25, French, - oxydation%20partielle

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... according to the [U. S. Environmental Protection Act](EPACT), [alternative fuel] refers [to] methanol, denatured ethanol and other alcohols, separately or in mixtures of 85% by volume or more with gasoline or other fuels..., hydrogen, fuels(other than alcohols) derived from "biological materials, "electricity, neat biodiesel, or any other fuel determined to be "substantially not petroleum" and yielding "substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits. "  6, record 26, English, - alternative%20fuel

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alternative fuel: term used at the Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada, and extracted from its 2001 Annual report.  7, record 26, English, - alternative%20fuel

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

alternative fuel: term recommended by the Terminology Committee and standardized by the Validation Committee of the Sustainable Mobility Glossary.  8, record 26, English, - alternative%20fuel

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Diverses municipalités au Canada utilisent des autobus alimentés au gaz naturel, à l'éthanol et au méthanol, démontrant ainsi quotidiennement aux responsables des services de transport en commun, aux chauffeurs d'autobus et aux passagers que les carburants de remplacement satisfont aux normes de sécurité et de fiabilité du moteur diesel, mais à un moindre coût.  7, record 26, French, - carburant%20de%20remplacement

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

combustible de remplacement; combustible de substitution; combustible alternatif : Les expressions «carburant de remplacement» et «combustible de remplacement» sont parfois utilisées de façon interchangeable; cependant, ces unités terminologiques ne sont pas des synonymes exacts. Le terme carburant s'applique au secteur du transport. Le terme combustible est plus général. Par exemple, le charbon et le bois sont des combustibles pouvant servir à alimenter les fournaises. Le terme carburant ne s'applique pas aux fournaises, aux poêles à bois, mais plutôt aux automobiles, aux avions et aux fusées.  8, record 26, French, - carburant%20de%20remplacement

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

carburant de remplacement : terme en usage à l'Office de l'efficacité énergétique, Ressources naturelles Canada, et tiré de son rapport annuel de 2001.  9, record 26, French, - carburant%20de%20remplacement

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

carburant de remplacement : terme recommandé par le Comité de terminologie et normalisé par le Comité de validation du Lexique de la mobilité durable.  10, record 26, French, - carburant%20de%20remplacement

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Entre los combustibles alternativos se destacan el gas natural, la electricidad y el hidrógeno.  3, record 26, Spanish, - combustible%20alternativo

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

El GNC [gas natural comprimido] es almacenado en cilindros a alta presión (200 bar o sea alrededor de 200 Kg/cm2) y puede usarse como combustible alternativo en cualquier vehículo alimentado a nafta con sistema a carburador o sistema de inyección.  4, record 26, Spanish, - combustible%20alternativo

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell in which the electrolyte is concentrated KOH [potassium hydroxide]... and hydroxide ions(OH-) are transported from the cathode to the anode.  2, record 27, English, - alkaline%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Temperature of operation is typically in the range of 60-90°C.  2, record 27, English, - alkaline%20fuel%20cell

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène (air) fonctionnant avec un électrolyte alcalin, usuellement de la potasse concentrée (30 à 45 % en masse de KOH).  4, record 27, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20alcaline

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical compound having the formula LiF or FLi which appears under the form of a fine, white powder, is slightly soluble in water, is soluble in acids, is insoluble in alcohol, derives from the reaction of hydrogen fluoride with lithium carbonate, and is used in metallurgy(welding and soldering flux), ceramics, heat-exchange media, radiation dosimetry, synthetic crystals in infrared and ultraviolet instruments, as a rocket fuel component, a component of fuel for molten salt reactors and in x-ray diffraction.  2, record 28, English, - lithium%20fluoride

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : LiF ou FLi  2, record 28, French, - fluorure%20de%20lithium

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Polvo blanco poco soluble en agua, soluble en ácidos, insoluble en alcohol. Muy tóxico e irritante.  1, record 28, Spanish, - fluoruro%20de%20litio

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A concept car launched in September 2002 by General Motors that combines a hydrogen fuel cell with by-wire technology.  2, record 29, English, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The name Hy-wire is derived from hydrogen and by-wire.  1, record 29, English, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A trademark of General Motors.  2, record 29, English, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prototype de véhicule électrique alimenté par une pile à combustible et dont les composantes mécaniques sont remplacées par des composantes électriques et électroniques, le tout prenant place dans un châssis planche à roulettes de 150 mm d'épaisseur et sur lequel s'enclenche un module de carosserie interchangeable.  2, record 29, French, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Marque de commerce de General Motors dont le prototype fut présenté en septembre 2002.  2, record 29, French, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le nom Hy-wire est dérivé de hydrogen et de by-wire.  2, record 29, French, - Hy%2Dwire%C2%AE

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conversion of a solid to a liquid by heat, or a gas into a liquid by cold or pressure.  2, record 30, English, - liquefaction

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... liquefaction, was historically linked to hydrogenation and other high-pressure(10-30 MPa) thermal decomposition processes which employed reactive hydrogen or carbon monoxide carrier gases to produce a liquid fuel from organics at moderate temperatures(300-400°C). However, over the past decade, liquefaction has often been used in the literature to encompass any thermochemical conversion process which primarily yields a liquid tar/oil product(pyrolysis is therefore included with hydrogenation as being "liquefaction").  3, record 30, English, - liquefaction

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Passage direct d'un corps à l'état liquide, soit à partir de l'état gazeux, soit à partir de l'état solide, soit à partir d'une suspension colloïdale (amidon).  1, record 30, French, - liqu%C3%A9faction

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Paso de un sólido o un gas al estado líquido.  3, record 30, Spanish, - licuefacci%C3%B3n

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Para licuar el aire, primero hay que comprimirlo con una bomba y hacerlo pasar por un tanque de enfriamiento. [...] el aire se enfría a -194°C, en que se licúa, y puede guardarse. [...] El mejor método de separar los gases del aire es la licuación del mismo.  4, record 30, Spanish, - licuefacci%C3%B3n

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electrochemical cell in which the energy of a reaction between a fuel, such as liquid hydrogen, and an oxidant, such as liquid oxygen, is converted directly and continuously into electrical energy.  2, record 31, English, - fuel%20cell

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fuel cell: term recommended by the Terminology Committee and standardized by the Validation Committee of the Sustainable Mobility Glossary.  3, record 31, English, - fuel%20cell

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] dispositif électrochimique qui convertit l'énergie chimique d'une réaction directement en énergie électrique tout en dégageant de la chaleur.  4, record 31, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pile à combustible : terme recommandé par le Comité de terminologie et normalisé par le Comité de validation du Lexique de la mobilité durable.  5, record 31, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositivo electroquímico semejante a una batería, que genera electricidad por conversión de energía química de un combustible y un oxidante.  1, record 31, Spanish, - pila%20de%20combustible

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Fuel cell] that utilizes pure hydrogen as fuel as compared to hydrogen produced from the reformation of hydrocarbon fuels(gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas).  2, record 32, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a direct hydrogen fuel cell..., hydrogen from the fuel tank is supplied to the fuel cells, where it combines with oxygen from an air compressor. An electrode coated with a catalyst splits the hydrogen into electrons and protons. The movement of the electrons generates electricity, which is sent to the traction inverter module. The traction inverter module converts the electricity for use by the motor/transaxle, which transforms the electric energy into the mechanical energy that turns the wheels. The only byproducts of this process are water and heat.  3, record 32, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Syntagme construit sur le modèle du terme bien connu « pile à méthanol direct » [direct methanol fuel cell].  1, record 32, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne%20direct

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The shape and size of the pellets differs for different reactors but in the U. K. there are only 2 different designs. Solid pellets are used in most PWRs [pressurized water reactor] and annular pellets are used in AGRs [advanced gas reactor]. Annular pellets have a cylindrical hole running through the centre of the pellet and thus require a retractable pin in the press. The purpose of this hole is to accommodate distortions in the fuel and fission gasses formed in the reactor. Once the pellets have been pressed, they are sintered at 1750°C in a reducing atmosphere of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen...  1, record 33, English, - annular%20pellet

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Conception des combustibles REP] Les pastilles [...] représentent la partie active du combustible. Ce sont des petits cylindres - diamètre variant selon les conceptions de 8 à 10 mm et hauteur de 10 à 15 mm - obtenus par pressage et frittage de poudre d'oxyde d'uranium UO₂ [...] Ces pastilles sont généralement pleines, sauf dans les réacteurs VVER où elles peuvent comporter un trou central (pastilles annulaires).  1, record 33, French, - pastille%20annulaire

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

From the fuel itself, the engines also produce oxides of hydrogen, which include water, and which the chemists collectively dub HO_x. Water itself does not destroy ozone, but the hydroxyl radical, HO, does, through a similar set of reactions to the ones involving NO. McDonald himself wasn’t concerned about the effects of NO_x on the stratosphere, but he began to be worried that HO_x might have a serious effect on the ozone layer.  4, record 34, English, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Another sink for ozone involves fragments of water molecules. Water vapor occurs naturally in the stratosphere, and water molecules are also split apart by ultraviolet rays, giving a collection of hydrogen atoms (H), hydroxyl radicals (HO) and hydroperoxyl radicals (HOO). Collectively they can be symbolized by HO_x. These remove ozone (or oxygen atoms needed to make ozone).  5, record 34, English, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrogen oxide; oxide of hydrogen: dubious names.  1, record 34, English, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

oxydes d'hydrogène : Collectivement, substances qui contiennent à la fois de l'oxygène et de l'hydrogène et qui constituent un piège important pour l'ozone.  4, record 34, French, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par le symbole HO_x on désigne surtout les radicaux HO et HO₂, qui sont des constituants de la stratosphère.  4, record 34, French, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les scientifiques ont calculé que les oxydes d'azote pouvaient détruire jusqu'à 9 % de l'ozone de la stratosphère (de 15 à 50 km d'altitude), tandis que les oxydes d'hydrogène étaient responsables de la destruction de quelques 70 % de l'ozone de la mésosphère (entre 50 et 90 km).  5, record 34, French, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fuel can be converted into synthesis gas, a mix of CO and H, either by steam reforming(natural gas) in the presence of water, or by partial oxidation in the presence of oxygen. The CO in the mix reacts with the water during the shift conversion stage to form CO₂ and hydrogen. Thus, the CO₂ is separated from the hydrogen under good conditions(precombustion capture) and the hydrogen can be used to produce energy(electricity or heat) without emitting CO₂.  1, record 35, English, - partial%20oxidation%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20oxygen

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technique de précombustion - Avec ce type de procédé, l'objectif est de capturer le carbone avant combustion, lors du processus de fabrication du combustible : il est converti en entrée d'installation en gaz de synthèse, un mélange de monoxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène. La technique utilisée est soit le vaporeformage de gaz naturel en présence d'eau, soit l'oxydation partielle en présence d'oxygène. Le CO, présent dans le mélange, réagit avec l'eau pour former du CO₂ et de l'hydrogène. Le CO₂ est alors séparé de l'hydrogène qui peut être utilisé pour produire de l'énergie sans émission de CO₂.  2, record 35, French, - oxydation%20partielle%20en%20pr%C3%A9sence%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The distribution of the indirect-energetic hydrogen use in Germany of approx. 3. 6 billion standard cubic meters is as follows : hydro-cracking(27. 4%), hydro-treating(47. 3%), methanol as synthetic fuel(23. 2%) and coal liquefaction(2. 1%).  1, record 36, English, - energetic%20hydrogen

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La communauté scientifique internationale a déjà entrepris de nombreux projets axés sur les technologies de production, de stockage, de transport et d'utilisation de l'hydrogène à des fins énergétiques [...] L'ISO/TC 197 est [...] appelé à jouer un rôle décisif dans la dissémination à l'échelle mondiale de l'hydrogène énergétique et des technologies de production et d'utilisation dérivées.  2, record 36, French, - hydrog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hypersonic propulsion. Color Enhanced Supersonic Hydrogen Flame Through funding from the Hyper-X Program Office at NASA Langley, an experimental study of a dual-mode scramjet combustor is being conducted at the Aerospace Research Laboratory of the University of Virginia. Using conventional instrumentation and multiple laser-based diagnostic techniques, the study aims to further the understanding of the fuel-air mixing and combustion processes within the combustor and to resolve the uncertainty in CFD predictions of such flows. The majority of the experiments are being conducted using a high-enthalpy, continuous-flow facility. This facility simulates Mach 5 flight of a scramjet operating with ramp fuel injection of hydrogen. NASA Langley is performing numerical modeling of the combustor and these results are being compared with the experimental measurements.  2, record 37, English, - hypersonic%20propulsion

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis une dizaine d'années, la recherche aéronautique s'intéresse à la propulsion hypersonique, permettant d'atteindre des vitesses supérieures à Mach 6. [...] La technologie de motorisation privilégiée pour la propulsion hypersonique est le statoréacteur, dont la particularité est qu'il n'embarque pas de comburant à bord mais capte celui-ci dans l'air environnant : l'air est capté en amont du moteur et comprimé par un système de tuyère convergente. Le mélange carburant embarqué-air comprimé brûle dans la chambre de combustion avant d'être décomprimé, provoquant ainsi l'accélération des gaz et la poussée nécessaire au vol.  2, record 37, French, - propulsion%20hypersonique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fuel cell component that allows hydrogen molecules to be extracted from hydrocarbon fuel via catalysis.  2, record 38, English, - reformer

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One method to obtain hydrogen for use in fuel cells is through on-board reforming of hydrocarbon or alcohol fuels. Reformers operate at high temperatures(450-750ºC) and require durable components made of materials that will not degrade in this operating environment.  3, record 38, English, - reformer

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are two types of reformers : internal and external. With the external reformer, the fuel is reformed to hydrogen prior to entering a fuel cell stack. For internal reformer : some fuel cells operate at sufficiently high temperatures to be able to convert a hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen within the fuel cell stack.  4, record 38, English, - reformer

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif permettant de convertir un combustible (exemple : méthanol, méthane, essence) en hydrogène et CO₂ [dans une voiture à hydrogène].  3, record 38, French, - reformeur

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le reformage, à bord des véhicules automobiles, de carburants hydrocarbonés ou à base d'alcool est l'une des façons d'obtenir l'hydrogène nécessaire aux piles à combustible. Les reformeurs fonctionnent à des températures élevées (450-750 °C) et nécessitent des composants durables, donc faits de matériaux qui ne se dégraderont pas dans ces conditions de fonctionnement.  4, record 38, French, - reformeur

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le reformateur peut être externe ou interne selon que la pile fonctionne ou pas, à une température assez élevée pour reformer le combustible.  2, record 38, French, - reformeur

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rocket propellant consisting of a single substance, especially a liquid, capable of creating rocket thrust without the addition of a second substance.  3, record 39, English, - monopropellant

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A monopropellant is a chemical propulsion fuel which does not require a separate oxidizer. A rocket engine which is based on a monopropellant requires only one fuel line instead of a fuel and an oxidizer line. The "mono" in monopropellant means singular-a fuel that can function alone. A chemical propulsion system that combines like hydrogen and oxygen would be a bipropellant. A monopropellant burns by itself because the oxidizer is bound into the molecule itself. This makes the rocket engine lighter, less expensive, and more reliable. Monopropellant designs are typically used in control thrusters but not in actual propulsion units.  4, record 39, English, - monopropellant

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The most commonly used monopropellant is hydrazine (N2H4), a chemical which is characterized as "strongly reducing". The most common catalyst is granular alumina coated with iridium (aka. Shell-405). There is no igniter with hydrazine. Shell 405 is a spontaneous catalyst, that is, hydrazine decomposes on contact with the catalyst. The reaction is highly exothermic and produces an 1800°F (1000°C) gas that is a mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. Another monopropellant is hydrogen peroxide, which, when purified to 90% or higher concentration, is self-decomposing at high temperatures or when a catalyst is present.  5, record 39, English, - monopropellant

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propergol ne contenant qu'un seul constituant dont la formation est endothermique ou dont la molécule contient à la fois le comburant et le combustible.  3, record 39, French, - monoergol

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le peroxyde d'hydrogène (eau oxygénée) et l'hydrazine sont des monoergols quand ils agissent par décomposition.  4, record 39, French, - monoergol

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

monergol : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des munitions.  5, record 39, French, - monoergol

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A low-energy gaseous fuel, generally produced from coal, whose principal combustible components(carbon monoxide and hydrogen) are generally diluted by air.  2, record 40, English, - producer%20gas

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Producer gas is made by the partial combustion of coal or coke in which a mixture of air and steam is blown upward through a thick hot bed of coal or coke.  3, record 40, English, - producer%20gas

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz obtenu dans un gazogène après passage des produits de la combustion de combustibles solides, [le plus souvent coke ou charbon,] sur une masse de coke portée au rouge.  3, record 40, French, - gaz%20pauvre%20de%20gazog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gaz pauvres de gazogène. Ils proviennent de la combustion incomplète du charbon. Dans des gazogènes on insuffle par le haut sur une couche de charbon ou de coke un mélange d'air et de vapeur d'eau.  1, record 40, French, - gaz%20pauvre%20de%20gazog%C3%A8ne

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gas producido por combustión de carbón o coque con un suministro restringido de aire o pasando aire y vapor a través de un lecho combustible incandescente.  1, record 40, Spanish, - gas%20de%20generador

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pre-combustion capture involves reacting a fuel with oxygen or air and/or steam to give mainly a 'synthesis gas(syngas) ’or ’fuel gas’ composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The carbon monoxide is reacted with steam in a catalytic reactor, called a shift converter, to give CO₂ and more hydrogen. CO₂ is then separated, usually by a physical or chemical absorption process, resulting in a hydrogen-rich fuel whith can be used in many applications, such as boilers, furnaces, gas turbines, engines and fuel cells.  3, record 41, English, - precombustion%20capture

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la capture pré-combustion permet d'extraire le CO₂ à la source en transformant, avant usage, le combustible fossile en un gaz de synthèse. Dans tous les cas, le gaz capturé est déshydraté et comprimé pour être transporté vers son lieu de stockage par pipeline, dont le réseau reste à construire, ou par bateau.  3, record 41, French, - capture%20pr%C3%A9combustion

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The separating layer in a PEM fuel cell that acts as an electrolyte(which is proton conducting) as well as a barrier film separating the hydrogen-rich feed in the cathode compartment of the cell from the oxygen-rich anode side.  5, record 42, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The development of new fuel cells, such as the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, will require specialized cooling systems.  6, record 42, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A PEM(Proton exchange Membrane, also called Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel cell uses a simple chemical process to combine hydrogen and oxygen into water, producting electric current in the process.  7, record 42, English, - proton%20exchange%20membrane

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Pour] les piles PEMFC, l'électrolyte est une membrane polymère ionique de type acide ; dans ce type d'électrolyte, les ions négatifs sont retenus dans la structure de la membrane. Seuls les ions hydrogène H+ sont mobiles et libres de transporter la charge positive à travers la membrane, de l'anode vers la cathode et c'est ce mouvement associé à la circulation des électrons qui est à l'origine du courant produit.  6, record 42, French, - membrane%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20protons

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les nouvelles piles à combustible, comme la pile à membrane échangeuse de protons (MEP) nécessiteront des systèmes de refroidissement spécialisés.  7, record 42, French, - membrane%20%C3%A9changeuse%20de%20protons

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical reaction that takes place with absorption of heat.  4, record 43, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A nuclear reaction just as its chemical counterpart may be exoergic (kinetic energy is liberated) or endoergic (kinetic energy is absorbed). ... In the case of endoergic reactions, energy must be supplied in the form of projectile kinetic energy to make the reaction possible.  3, record 43, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principal reactions in the gasifier are 1. Exothermic, oxidation of carbon and hydrogen in fuel.... 2. Endothermic, reactions of carbon with steam and CO₂...  5, record 43, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

endoergic: (of a nuclear reaction) occurring with absorption of energy. Synonym: energy-absorbing.  6, record 43, English, - endothermic%20reaction

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction qui s'effectue avec absorption de chaleur.  3, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe enfin la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon.  4, record 43, French, - r%C3%A9action%20endothermique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nuclear reaction in which, roughly speaking, the maximum kinetic energy of the products exceeds that of the reactants ...  4, record 44, English, - exothermic%20reaction

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A nuclear reaction just as its chemical counterpart may be exoergic (kinetic energy is liberated) or endoergic (kinetic energy is absorbed).  5, record 44, English, - exothermic%20reaction

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The principal reaction in the gasifier are : 1. Exothermic, oxidation of carbon and hydrogen in fuel... 2. Endothermic reactions of carbon with steam and CO₂...  6, record 44, English, - exothermic%20reaction

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réaction au cours de laquelle le système fournit de la chaleur au milieu extérieur.  3, record 44, French, - r%C3%A9action%20exothermique

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une réaction est dite exothermique si son processus produit de la chaleur.  4, record 44, French, - r%C3%A9action%20exothermique

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los intercambios termicos permiten definir la noción de calor de reacción [...] y de clasificar las reacciones en exotérmicas (que desprenden calor, engendrado por la ruptura de enlaces) y endotérmicas, que absorben calor [...]  3, record 44, Spanish, - reacci%C3%B3n%20exot%C3%A9rmica

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sensor that detects and measures hydrogen when it is present in a gaseous system.  1, record 45, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hydrogen is an odourless, colourless, highly flammable and potentially explosive gas.... The advent of a hydrogen economy will require a hydrogen sensor in every hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicle [and in every home using] a hydrogen fuel cell for power generation....  1, record 45, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Although several types of hydrogen monitors and detectors have been developed, many of them are useful at only low hydrogen concentrations (typically 3-4%) or have low sensitivity or slow response times. Additionally, some of these sensors require a supply of pure hydrogen as a standard reference or only operate at elevated temperatures.  1, record 45, English, - hydrogen%20sensor

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capteur qui détecte la présence d'hydrogène dans un mélange gazeux et en mesure la concentration.  1, record 45, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'hydrogène est un gaz inodore, incolore, très inflammable et même explosif. [...] Dans une économie de l'hydrogène, chaque véhicule alimenté par une pile à hydrogène devra avoir son capteur. Il en ira de même pour les domiciles qui utilisent une pile à hydrogène pour produire de l'électricité [...].  1, record 45, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plusieurs types [...] de détecteurs d'hydrogène ont déjà été mis au point, mais bon nombre d'entre eux ne permettent de détecter que de faibles concentrations d'hydrogène (habituellement de 3 à 4 %) ou ont une faible sensibilité ou de longs temps de réaction. De plus, certains de ces capteurs exigent une alimentation en hydrogène pur comme gaz étalon ou ne fonctionnent qu'à des températures élevées.  1, record 45, French, - capteur%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of fuel cell in which the chemical reactants undergo reversible reactions, such that the cell may be recharged with a separate power source if desired; for example, the hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell may be recharged by providing power for water electrolysis with hydrogen storage.  2, record 46, English, - reversible%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The terms] reversible fuel cell and regenerative fuel cell... generally have the same meaning and relate to technology that allows a fuel cell to both produce electricity from H₂ and 0₂ and use electricity in the reverse direction to create H₂ and 0₂. In some cases, this type of fuel cell can also be designed to store energy. The essential benefit of this type of "closed loop" system is that a new hydrogen infrastructure is not needed.  3, record 46, English, - reversible%20fuel%20cell