TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

John Searle's Chinese room argument(CRA) is a celebrated thought experiment designed to refute the hypothesis, popular among artificial intelligence(AI) scientists and philosophers of mind, that "the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind. "  1, record 1, English, - Chinese%20room%20argument

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chinese room argument; CRA: designations validated by Canadian subject-field experts from Concordia University, Dalhousie University, Laval University and Microsoft Canada.  2, record 1, English, - Chinese%20room%20argument

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la célèbre réponse de John Searle, connue sous le nom «d'argument de la chambre chinoise», [réfute] l'amalgame entre simulation et réalité. Ce n'est pas parce qu'une machine se comporte comme si elle pensait, qu'elle pense.  1, record 1, French, - argument%20de%20la%20chambre%20chinoise

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

argument de la chambre chinoise : désignation validée par des spécialistes canadiens de l'Université Concordia, de l'Université Dalhousie, de l'Université Laval et de Microsoft Canada.  2, record 1, French, - argument%20de%20la%20chambre%20chinoise

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] el filósofo J. Searle desarrolla una serie de argumentos para demostrar que las máquinas no piensan dado que no tienen acceso al sentido. Su argumento de la "cámara china" fue destinado a demostrar que una máquina solo manipula símbolos abstractos pero no comprende su significación.  2, record 1, Spanish, - argumento%20de%20la%20habitaci%C3%B3n%20china

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An a priori hypothesis is one that is generated prior to a research study taking place.... "A priori" is a Latin phrase that stands for "what comes before. "These hypotheses are a typical part of the scientific method in that they are formed based on previously assumed conclusions.  2, record 2, English, - a%20priori%20hypothesis

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hypothesis language used by a machine learning system is the language in which the hypotheses(also referred to as patterns or models) it outputs are described.  3, record 3, English, - hypothesis%20representation%20language

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The just world hypothesis... refers to the belief that the world is essentially a fair and just place where people get what they deserve...  2, record 4, English, - just%2Dworld%20hypothesis

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypothèse de la justice dans le monde : croyance répandue mais erronée selon laquelle le monde est par essence juste, les êtres bons étant récompensés et les êtres mauvais, punis.  2, record 4, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20du%20monde%20juste

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a flexible model in which a central repository or blackboard maintains a current best hypothesis about some evolving situation.  2, record 5, English, - blackboard%20technique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The blackboard’s state changes as independent knowledge sources place, delete, or modify information or knowledge on the blackboard.  2, record 5, English, - blackboard%20technique

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Se implementa a través de la técnica de la pizarra que sirve de base de conocimientos modificable y común para todos los elementos del sistema multiagente.  1, record 5, Spanish, - t%C3%A9cnica%20de%20la%20pizarra

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Neuro-inspired AI is a subfield of AI research based on the hypothesis that biological neural systems can serve as an inspiration to improve the design of AI systems.  5, record 6, English, - neuro%2Dinspired%20artificial%20intelligence

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an important distinction between reasoning and hypothesis generation is that the former leverages established reasoning, while the latter requires both proposition and verification of the hypotheses, with the goal of discovering unknown knowledge.  2, record 7, English, - hypothesis%20generation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The gateway hypothesis argues that using drugs such as marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco makes one much more likely to use drugs such as cocaine and heroin.  3, record 8, English, - gateway%20drug%20hypothesis

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to the stepping-stone theory that considered cannabis use as an inevitable first step to harder drugs, supporters of the gateway hypothesis argue that this isn’t always the case.  4, record 8, English, - gateway%20drug%20hypothesis

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An a priori assumption or information that a learning algorithm uses to predict the output of an input it has never encountered.  3, record 9, English, - inductive%20bias

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Informally, an inductive bias can be defined as the preference of a model for one hypothesis that is consistent with the training data over another. Inductive biases encourage the model towards this hypothesis, including extra information about the problem in the model itself, rather than in the training data.  4, record 9, English, - inductive%20bias

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypothèse ou information a priori qu'un algorithme d'apprentissage utilise pour prédire la sortie d'une donnée d'entrée qu'il n'a jamais rencontrée.  3, record 9, French, - biais%20inductif

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The stepping-stone theory refers to a process by which users move from soft drugs such as marijuana to hard drugs such as crack or cocaine.  2, record 10, English, - stepping%2Dstone%20theory

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to the stepping-stone theory that considered cannabis use as an inevitable first step to harder drugs, supporters of the gateway hypothesis argue that this isn’t always the case.  3, record 10, English, - stepping%2Dstone%20theory

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la «théorie de l'escalade», qui veut que la drogue «douce» conduise nécessairement à la drogue «dure», ne tient pas [...]  2, record 10, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27escalade

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Instruction using] programs that understand the student’s internal cognitive structures; are able to analyse a student’s answer to a question and determine which parts of the question confuse the student. They then use that information to provide very specific instruction. A system of this type would be a substitute for a very competent and experienced teacher.  7, record 11, English, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction(ICAI)... encompasses two primary areas. One is instructional programs that model the learner... These programs collect detailed data about the student's work and formulate a hypothesis about what the student knows and is thinking.... The other area is the use of expert systems... that contain all known information on a particular topic, a set of logic that ties all this information together..., and in some cases a program that allows a person to converse easily and in natural language with the computer.  8, record 11, English, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The components of an ICAI program are problem-solving expertise, student model, and tutoring module.  9, record 11, English, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For historical reasons, much of the research in the field of educational software involving artificial intelligence has been conducted under the name of "ICAI." This acronym stands for "Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction," a phrase that evolved out of the name "Computer-Aided Instruction" (CAI) ... Most recently, "ICAI" has often been replaced by the acronym "ITS," for "Intelligent Tutoring Systems"....  10, record 11, English, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enseignement à partir du principe que les programmes à vocation pédagogique devraient être eux-mêmes des experts du domaine capables de résoudre les problèmes posés de différentes façons, de suivre et de critiquer les solutions de l'étudiant.  3, record 11, French, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'E.I.A.O. consiste à appliquer la technicité des systèmes experts à l'E.A.O., l'expert en l'occurrence étant l'enseignant-pédagogue. L'E.A.O. pratique une analyse plus ou moins affinée des réponses des apprenants. L'E.I.A.O. ambitionne d'analyser le raisonnement de cet apprenant, de lui montrer d'autres formes de raisonnement ou l'aider à les découvrir [...]  2, record 11, French, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le sigle est aussi celui d'un projet de recherche au Laboratoire de recherche informatique d'Orsay (France).  6, record 11, French, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The candidate elimination algorithm applied to these data cannot produce a correct hypothesis. This is because there exist positive examples, whose least generalization covers some negative examples.  2, record 12, English, - candidate%20elimination%20algorithm

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'algorithme d'élimination des candidats [...] est un algorithme très simple d'apprentissage incrémental à partir d'exemples [...]  2, record 12, French, - algorithme%20d%27%C3%A9limination%20des%20candidats

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Absolute income hypothesis [is a] theory... which puts forward the idea that consumption will rise as income rises, but not necessarily at the same rate.  3, record 13, English, - absolute%20income%20hypothesis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The relative income hypothesis... states that [individuals’ attitudes] to consumption and saving is dictated more by [their] income in relation to others than by [an] abstract standard of living. The percentage of income consumed by [individuals] depends on [their] percentile position within the income distribution.  3, record 14, English, - relative%20income%20hypothesis

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Teoría acerca del consumo y del ahorro que sugiere que los individuos están más preocupados con su ingreso relativo respecto a otras personas, que su propio nivel de vida absoluto.  1, record 14, Spanish, - hip%C3%B3tesis%20del%20ingreso%20relativo

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] set of ideas which purports to explain when and why an isolated quantum mechanical system can be accurately described using equilibrium statistical mechanics.  2, record 15, English, - eigenstate%20thermalization%20hypothesis

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis(ETH) is a powerful conjecture for understanding how statistical mechanics emerges in a large class of many-body quantum systems.  3, record 15, English, - eigenstate%20thermalization%20hypothesis

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble d'idées visant à expliquer à quel moment et de quelle manière un système mécanique quantique isolé peut être décrit avec exactitude à l'aide de la mécanique statistique d'équilibre.  2, record 15, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20thermalisation%20des%20%C3%A9tats%20propres

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypothèse de thermalisation des états propres [...] stipule que la valeur moyenne d'une observable locale prise sur des états propres d'énergies compris dans la fenêtre ∆E autour de E s'identifie à la moyenne microcanonique à l'énergie E.  1, record 15, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20thermalisation%20des%20%C3%A9tats%20propres

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the probability that a hypothesis is true, calculated[, ] typically by application of Bayes’ theorem[, ] in the light of certain relevant observations, including expert knowledge...  3, record 16, English, - posterior%20probability

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La probabilité postérieure est celle qui est calculée sur la base de données déjà connues après un processus ou une expérience. La probabilité a posteriori est donc celle qui n'est pas estimée sur la base de conjectures ou de connaissances a priori concernant la distribution d'une probabilité, comme dans la probabilité a priori.  1, record 16, French, - probabilit%C3%A9%20post%C3%A9rieure

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La distinción entre probabilidad a priori y a posteriori es relativa. Una probabilidad a posteriori vuelve a ser a priori en relación a un nuevo experimento. A partir de las probabilidades a priori y la información adicional producto de una muestra, la fórmula de Bayes permite obtener las probabilidades revisadas o a posteriori.  2, record 16, Spanish, - probabilidad%20posterior

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Either the assumption on whether or not a site is contaminated, or the assumption on the nature or spatial distribution of the soil pollution.  1, record 17, English, - hypothesis%20of%20soil%20contamination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the ISO 11074 standard definition, the term "soil contamination" set in parenthesis precedes the definition.  2, record 17, English, - hypothesis%20of%20soil%20contamination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hypothesis of soil contamination : term and definition relating to the assessment of soil and sites with respect to risk, hazard and exposure.  1, record 17, English, - hypothesis%20of%20soil%20contamination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hypotheses of soil contamination : irregular plural form of "hypothesis of soil contamination. "  3, record 17, English, - hypothesis%20of%20soil%20contamination

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 4 OBS

hypothesis of soil contamination : term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).  2, record 17, English, - hypothesis%20of%20soil%20contamination

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Supposition portant sur le caractère contaminé ou non d'un sol ou supposition sur la nature ou la répartition spatiale de la pollution du sol.  1, record 17, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20contamination%20du%20sol

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans la norme ISO 11074, le terme «contamination du sol» placé entre parenthèses figure devant la définition.  2, record 17, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20contamination%20du%20sol

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hypothèse de contamination du sol : terme et définition relatifs à l'évaluation du sol et des sites eu égard au risque, à la dangerosité et à l'exposition.  1, record 17, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20contamination%20du%20sol

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

hypothèse de contamination du sol : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 17, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20contamination%20du%20sol

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the probability that a hypothesis is true, calculated without reference to certain relevant observations.  3, record 18, English, - prior%20probability

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'usage de probabilités a priori a entraîné quelques reproches récurrents aux méthodes bayésiennes lors de leur introduction.  2, record 18, French, - probabilit%C3%A9%20ant%C3%A9rieure

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Differences in food intake tend to support this hypothesis. [Balanus] perforatus has a mode of cirral beating different from that of other species of Balanus...  1, record 19, English, - cirral%20beating

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Controlling hook size could manage the species [and size] selectivity and survival of target and incidental catch. To test this hypothesis, we conducted experimental pelagic longline fishing in [the fishing area, ] testing a control hook and two hooks with wider minimum widths.  2, record 20, English, - hook%20size

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is investigator-initiated research? A physician/researcher has an idea from a pattern they see in treating their patients, which leads to a hypothesis, which leads to building a study plan.  2, record 21, English, - investigator%20initiated%20research

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Como se mencionó anteriormente, aunque una parte de este gasto debería seguir yendo a la investigación iniciada por investigadores y patrocinada por los organismos nacionales de salud, tales como NIH [Institutos Nacionales de Salud de EE UU], MRC [Consejo de Investigación Médica] y ANRS [Agencia Nacional de Investigación sobre SIDA de Francia], debería reservarse una significativa parte de la nueva investigación para grandes esfuerzos de colaboración en investigación orientada por objetivos.  1, record 21, Spanish, - investigaci%C3%B3n%20iniciada%20por%20investigadores

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comparative fishing with the experimental and control trawls was conducted to test the null hypothesis... there is no difference in catch volume and composition between trawl types.  2, record 22, English, - comparative%20fishing

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The hypothesis that superheavy monopoles... exist and that three natural forces-electromagnetism, radioactivity and nuclear bonding-are manifestations of a single grand force.  4, record 23, English, - grand%20unified%20theory

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grand unified theories aim to describe three of the four fundamental forces observed in nature - the weak, the strong and the electromagnetic forces - as manifestations of a single unified force. (The fourth force, gravity, is not incorporated in such theories.)  5, record 23, English, - grand%20unified%20theory

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La teoría de la gran unificación intenta unir en un único marco teórico las interacciones nuclear fuerte y nuclear débil, y la fuerza electromagnética. Esta teoría de campo unificado se halla todavía en proceso de ser comprobada.  2, record 23, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20de%20la%20gran%20unificaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad.  3, record 23, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20de%20la%20gran%20unificaci%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The PBH, which is also known as Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis(BSH), simply suggests [that] a country with high productivity growth also experiences high wage growth, which causes a rise in prices and consequently, the real exchange rate appreciates.  2, record 24, English, - Balassa%2DSamuelson%20hypothesis

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Partly because empirical findings have been mixed, and partly to differentiate the model from its conclusion, modern papers tend to refer to the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis, rather than the Balassa–Samuelson effect.  4, record 24, English, - Balassa%2DSamuelson%20hypothesis

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test of whether the null hypothesis of independent observations with a constant variance is valid.  1, record 25, English, - sphericity%20test

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The most common test is the Mauchly test ...  1, record 25, English, - sphericity%20test

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a statistical procedure that resamples a single dataset to create many simulated samples.  2, record 26, English, - bootstrapping

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bootstrapping... allows you to calculate standard errors, construct confidence intervals, and perform hypothesis testing for numerous types of sample statistics. Bootstrap methods are alternative approaches to traditional hypothesis testing and are notable for being easier to understand and valid for more conditions.  2, record 26, English, - bootstrapping

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] technique de rééchantillonnage utilisée pour estimer des statistiques sur une population en échantillonnant un ensemble de données avec remplacement.  4, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20bootstrap

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bootstrap est une méthode statistique pour évaluer la précision d'une méthode : estimer une variance, une erreur de prédiction, calculer un intervalle de confiance [...] Pour estimer la variabilité d'un estimateur (sa loi), il faut observer plusieurs réalisations[. L'idée est de] générer des échantillons qui ressemblent à l'échantillon de départ.  3, record 26, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20bootstrap

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A … principle of quantum gravity postulating that it is possible to obtain information about the bulk of a system, such as a black hole, from the surface of that system.  2, record 27, English, - holographic%20hypothesis

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The holographic hypothesis has turned out to be very useful for performing calculations in quantum chromodynamics and has also been used to analyse various problems in solid-state physics.  2, record 27, English, - holographic%20hypothesis

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the zero-energy universe hypothesis, the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero. The conventional zero-energy universe hypothesis is based on quantum fluctuation and the exact cancellation of positive-energy matter by negative-energy gravity through pseudo-tensor... or the inflation... before the Big Bang.  1, record 28, English, - zero%2Denergy%20universe%20hypothesis

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Theory developed by Einstein based on the hypothesis that the velocity of light is the same as measured by any one of a set of observers moving with constant relative velocity. According to Newtonian theory and the Galilean transformation, the mechanical motion of an object with respect to an inertial system could be predicted from a knowledge of the forces acting on it and the initial conditions, independently of any knowledge of the motion of the inertial system itself.  3, record 29, English, - special%20relativity

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Théorie selon laquelle les lois de la physique restent invariantes quel que soit le repère en translation uniforme dans lequel elles sont observées et selon laquelle la vitesse de la lumière reste constante, une des conséquences de cette théorie étant que l'énergie est liée à la masse par la relation E = mc[exposant2].  2, record 29, French, - relativit%C3%A9%20restreinte

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon le principe de la relativité restreinte, toutes les lois physiques doivent rester inchangées quand on passe d'un observateur lié à un référentiel d'inertie à un autre en mouvement relatif de translation uniforme.  3, record 29, French, - relativit%C3%A9%20restreinte

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The study of interaction among living organisms on the Earth, operating under the hypothesis that the Earth itself acts as a single living organism.  1, record 30, English, - geophysiology

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude de la Terre, de ses enveloppes et des êtres vivants qui la peuplent, considérés dans la globalité de leurs relations réciproques.  2, record 30, French, - g%C3%A9ophysiologie

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The engineering approach is essentially the engineering design process. The scientific method is similar but is hypothesis driven vs. design driven. In the scientific method a hypothesis is generated as a potential answer to an important question. An experiment is tested to prove or disprove the hypotheses.... the design process is similar, but different in some important ways. Instead of a question there is a problem or need. Instead of a hypothesis there is a design constraint(s) of what the solution has to be able to do.  2, record 31, English, - engineering%20design%20process

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

segmented market hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 32, English, - segmented%20market%20hypothesis

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de la segmentation des marchés : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 32, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20la%20segmentation%20des%20march%C3%A9s

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

slow growth hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 33, English, - slow%20growth%20hypothesis

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de croissance basse : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 33, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20croissance%20basse

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preferred habitat hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 34, English, - preferred%20habitat%20hypothesis

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de la segmentation du marché obligataire : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 34, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20la%20segmentation%20du%20march%C3%A9%20obligataire

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

life cycle hypothesis; LCH : term and abbreviation extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 35, English, - life%20cycle%20hypothesis

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse du cycle de vie : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 35, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20du%20cycle%20de%20vie

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

expectations hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 36, English, - expectations%20hypothesis

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse des anticipations de taux d'intérêt : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 36, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20des%20anticipations%20de%20taux%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

no arbitrage hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 37, English, - no%20arbitrage%20hypothesis

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de l'impossibilité d'un arbitrage sans risque : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 37, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%27impossibilit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20arbitrage%20sans%20risque

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A second channel [through which exchange rates are believed to affect productivity] is the factor price hypothesis... When the exchange rate appreciates, this should make the use of capital more attractive than labour in the production process since the exchange rate affects the cost of labour. Over time this would lead to an increase in the use of capital, a decrease in labour intensity, and an improvement in productivity.  1, record 38, English, - factor%20price%20hypothesis

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La seconde façon [dont les taux de change modifient la productivité] est l'hypothèse des prix comme facteur [...] Lorsque le taux de change s'apprécie, l'utilisation des immobilisations devrait être plus attrayante que le recours à la main-d'œuvre dans la production, car le taux de change modifie le coût de l'équipement et des logiciels importés plus que le coût de la main-d'œuvre. Après quelques temps, cela devrait mener à une augmentation de l'utilisation des immobilisations, à une baisse des activités ayant un fort coefficient de main-d'œuvre et à une amélioration de la productivité.  1, record 38, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20des%20prix%20comme%20facteur

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

high growth hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 39, English, - high%20growth%20hypothesis

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de croissance haute : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 39, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20croissance%20haute

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

adaptive expectations hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 40, English, - adaptive%20expectations%20hypothesis

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de révision graduelle des anticipations : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 40, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20r%C3%A9vision%20graduelle%20des%20anticipations

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

asset meltdown hypothesis : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 41, English, - asset%20meltdown%20hypothesis

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hypothèse de l'effondrement des actifs : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 41, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20l%27effondrement%20des%20actifs

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

adaptive expectations hypothesis model : term extracted from the “Glossaire de l'économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  2, record 42, English, - adaptive%20expectations%20hypothesis%20model

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

modèle fondé sur l'hypothèse de révision graduelle des anticipations : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 42, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20fond%C3%A9%20sur%20l%27hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20r%C3%A9vision%20graduelle%20des%20anticipations

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The ergodic hypothesis(...) assumed that any system will after a sufficiently long time return to its original state. In this form it is certainly incorrect(...)  1, record 43, English, - ergodic%20hypothesis

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypothèse suivant laquelle un système passe forcément pas tous les états microscopiques qui lui sont accessibles.  2, record 43, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20ergodique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(On peut montrer que cela n'est vrai que pour les systèmes à une dimension; dans le cas général, cependant, le système passe aussi près que l'on veut de tout état. En conséquence, la valeur moyenne au cours du temps d'un paramètre d'un système A est égale à la valeur moyenne à un instant donné de ce même paramètre, calculée sur un grand nombre de systèmes identiques à A.  2, record 43, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20ergodique

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This study examined this hypothesis by studying a group of healthy adolescents while applying fMRI [functional magnetic resonance imaging] during a test of fearful facial affect recognition known to produce amygdalar activation.  1, record 44, English, - facial%20affect%20recognition

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] ont étudié les différences d'activation cérébrale par IRMf [imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle] au cours de tâches de reconnaissance émotionnelle faciale de la colère [...]  1, record 44, French, - reconnaissance%20%C3%A9motionnelle%20faciale

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] process of identifying an individual as the speaker of a given utterance, based solely on auditory perception.  1, record 45, English, - behavioural%20speaker%20identification

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The... study applied behavioural speaker identification to evaluate the hypothesis that a particular individual had produced a set of utterances recorded in a police telephone tap.  1, record 45, English, - behavioural%20speaker%20identification

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Processus] d’identification d’un individu qui dit un énoncé et ce, basé seulement sur l’information auditive.  1, record 45, French, - identification%20d%27un%20locuteur%20par%20son%20comportement

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Dans l'étude], l'identification d’un locuteur par son comportement a été appliquée afin de déterminer si un individu en particulier avait prononcé un énoncé potentiellement incriminant sur des enregistrements effectués par la police.  1, record 45, French, - identification%20d%27un%20locuteur%20par%20son%20comportement

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In test and evaluation, to verify a hypothesis or a partially established contention by collecting and analyzing data.  2, record 46, English, - confirm

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

confirm: term and definition officially approved by the Defence Terminology Standardization Board and the Air Force Terminology Panel (Trenton).  3, record 46, English, - confirm

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans les essais et les évaluations, vérifier une hypothèse ou une théorie incomplète en recueillant et en analysant des données.  2, record 46, French, - confirmer

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

confirmer : terme et définition uniformisés par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense et par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie de la Force aérienne (Trenton).  3, record 46, French, - confirmer

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The simplifying hypothesis regarding longitudinal paleogeographic zones is completed by assuming that each of the zones thus defined has undergone the same tectonic evolution, which we often express by saying that the tectonic lines coincide with the isopic lines(that is, lines of the same facies).  1, record 47, English, - isopic%20line

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypothèse simplificatrice des zones paléogéographiques longitudinales se complète en admettant que chacune des zones ainsi définies a subi la même évolution tectonique, ce qu'on exprime souvent en disant que les lignes tectoniques coïncident avec les lignes isopiques (c'est-à-dire de même faciès).  2, record 47, French, - ligne%20isopique

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A laboratory analyst’s recorded notes.  2, record 48, English, - bench%20notes

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The bench notes should indicate that the applicant knows the hypothesis or the question to be tested as well as having knowledge about the types of information that can be obtained from different evidence types or different analyses.  3, record 48, English, - bench%20notes

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test in which the distribution function of the test statistic does not depend on the form of the distribution function of the observations. NOTE-If the hypothesis does not explicitly make an assertion about a parameter, the test is sometimes non parametric. Example : Test of the null hypothesis that the observations of a given series are independently distributed with the same unspecified distribution function.  3, record 49, English, - nonparametric%20test

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Test dans lequel la fonction de répartition de la statistique ne dépend pas de la forme de la fonction de répartition des observations. NOTE - Ce terme recouvre, en anglais, les notions correspondant à «distribution free test» et «non-parametric test». Exemple : Test de l'hypothèse nulle que les observations d'une série donnée sont réparties d'une manière indépendante selon la même fonction de répartition non spécifiée.  2, record 49, French, - test%20non%20param%C3%A9trique

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a common device in rule-based programming to impose control on a program by weakening a rule by instantiation or by giving it a stronger hypothesis.  3, record 50, English, - rule%2Dbased%20programming

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la plupart des systèmes experts sur micro-ordinateurs sont basés sur les connaissances (knowledge based systems) qui mettent en œuvre une programmation par règle (base de connaissances + moteur d'inférence) plutôt que par algorithmes.  2, record 50, French, - programmation%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20r%C3%A8gles

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le principe de base de la programmation en règles de production est que chaque règle est un morceau indépendant de connaissances, c'est-à-dire qu'elle contient toutes les conditions de son application.  3, record 50, French, - programmation%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20r%C3%A8gles

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In linear regression, the t-statistic is useful for making inferences about the regression coefficients. The hypothesis test on coefficient i tests the null hypothesis that it is equal to zero – meaning the corresponding term is not significant – versus the alternate hypothesis that the coefficient is different from zero.  2, record 51, English, - t%2Dstatistic

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hypothesis for the interpretation of intrachromosomal genetic recombination which is not regarded as a physical exchange of preformed genetic strands(chromosomes, chromatids).  1, record 52, English, - copy%2Dchoice

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It implies the pairing of two parental genomes or their subunits (if more than one linkage group is present at the time of their replication). After a part of the genetic information of one strand has been copied, the copy process switches to the other of the paired strands and begins to incorporate the existing genetic information in the growing copy. If the parental strands contained different alleles, a recombinant chromosome is produced possessing some alleles of the one, some of the other. In this way the process leads to a nonreciprocal recombinant.  1, record 52, English, - copy%2Dchoice

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hypothèse concernant les recombinaisons génétiques : celles-ci auraient lieu pendant le processus de duplication des chromosomes, c'est-à-dire au cours de la réplication de l'ADN, et les [enjambements] n'apparaîtraient qu'après.  2, record 52, French, - copiage%20s%C3%A9lectif

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In 1963 it was shown that the continuum hypothesis is independent of our axioms of set theory.  1, record 53, English, - continuum%20hypothesis

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hypothèse du continu, énoncée en 1878 par Cantor lui-même, pose en principe qu'il n'existe pas d'ensemble E «entre»N et R.  1, record 53, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20du%20continu

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One untested hypothesis in oil spill response is that "chemical dispersants do not work effectively in cold water. "This is due to the general misconception that cold water inhibits dispersant effectiveness(DE) and the lack of experimental data to indicate otherwise. To address this issue, the U. S. Minerals Management Service(MMS)... conducted two series of dispersant experiments in very cold water at Ohmsett... [Both] Corexit 9500 and Corexit 9527 dispersants were more than 90% effective in dispersing the fresh and weathered crude oils tested [and dispelled] the thought that chemical dispersants cannot be effective in cold water.  2, record 54, English, - dispersant%20effectiveness

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas du naufrage du TANIO, des agents dispersants mélangés à de l'eau ont été utilisés en grande quantité pour nettoyer les rochers ou appliqués purs sur les rochers mazoutés avant nettoyage. L'efficacité des agents dispersants fut le sujet d'un débat technique considérable [...]  2, record 54, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20agent%20dispersant

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of controlled research, testing and evaluation to discover information or test a hypothesis to establish cause and effect.  2, record 55, English, - experimentation

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

experimentation: term and definition officially approved by the Joint Terminology Panel and the Defence Terminology Standardization Board; term officially approved by the Air Force Terminology Panel (Trenton).  3, record 55, English, - experimentation

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus consistant à faire des recherches, des essais et des évaluations en milieu contrôlé pour découvrir des renseignements ou mettre une hypothèse à l’épreuve, dans le but de déterminer les causes et les effets.  2, record 55, French, - exp%C3%A9rimentation

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

expérimentation : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie interarmées, par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie de la Force aérienne et par le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense.  3, record 55, French, - exp%C3%A9rimentation

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our fourth hypothesis postulates that the higher the percentage of state employees the more difficult it will be to attain budgetary balance.  3, record 57, English, - budgetary%20balance

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation d'un budget dans lequel il y a concordance entre le total des produits ou recettes prévus et le total des charges ou dépenses prévues.  2, record 57, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20budg%C3%A9taire

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In hypothesis testing, the probability that a parameter to be tested has a value as extreme or more extreme than the value that would be observed if the null hypothesis were true.  1, record 58, English, - p%20value

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the p value associated with the statistical test is equal to or greater than the alpha level that was determined(0. 01 or 0. 05, for example), this means that the association or difference observed may be due to chance and that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. However, if the p value is less than the alpha level that was determined, the association or difference is statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected.  1, record 58, English, - p%20value

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 2 OBS

p value: term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  2, record 58, English, - p%20value

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un test d’hypothèse, probabilité qu’un paramètre à tester ait une valeur aussi extrême ou plus extrême que la valeur observée si l’hypothèse nulle était vraie.  1, record 58, French, - valeur%20de%20p

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si la valeur de p associée au test statistique est égale ou supérieure au niveau alpha qui a été déterminé (0,01 ou 0,05 par exemple), cela signifie que l’association ou la différence observée peut s’expliquer par l’effet du hasard, et l’hypothèse nulle ne peut être rejetée. Par contre, si la valeur de p est inférieure au niveau alpha fixé, l’association ou la différence est statistiquement significative et l’hypothèse nulle est rejetée.  1, record 58, French, - valeur%20de%20p

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 2 OBS

valeur de p; valeur p; degré de signification : termes et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, record 58, French, - valeur%20de%20p

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 59,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of statistical inference for evaluating the plausibility of the null hypothesis in the light of the observed data.  1, record 59, English, - hypothesis%20testing

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The null hypothesis is assumed to be true at the outset, but, if that assumption proves wrong when the observed data are examined, it is rejected in favour of the alternative hypothesis(negative of the null hypothesis).  1, record 59, English, - hypothesis%20testing

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hypothesis testing : term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment(HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  5, record 59, English, - hypothesis%20testing

Record 59,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 DEF